【中山大学2011年考研专业课真题】比较文学基础2011
2011年中山大学专业学位研究生入学统一考试-357-448-《翻译基础》《汉语写作与百科知识》考试科目命题指导
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全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)研究生入学考试考试总纲.一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语(外语、母语)综合能力及双语翻译能力,招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分(满分共计500分),参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试,除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外,专业考试分为三门,分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士X语》(含英语、法语、日语、俄语、韩语、德语等语种),第三单元基础课考试《X语翻译基础》(含英汉、法汉、日汉、俄汉、韩汉、德汉等语对)以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士X语》重点考察考生的外语水平,总分100分,《X语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质,总分150分,《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识,总分150分。
(考试科目名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号文件)三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功,掌握6000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。
2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语(A语言)的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试时间与命题每年1月份举行,与全国硕士研究生入学考试同步进行。
由各招生院校MTI 资格考试命题小组根据本考试大纲,分别参照翻译硕士外语考试《翻译硕士X 语》、基础课考试《X语翻译基础》及专业基础课考试《汉语写作和百科知识》考试大纲及样题的要求,自主负责命题与实施。
五、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合,试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。
六、考试内容见以下分别表述。
全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试《翻译硕士X语》考试大纲一、考试目的:《翻译硕士X语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位(MTI)入学考试的外国语考试,其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。
中山大学中国语言文学系2011年现代汉语与语言学概论真题及详解
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中山大学中国语言文学系2011年现代汉语与语言学概论(代码613)真题及详解一、单项选择题(20分)在每小题列出的各个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请把答案写在答题纸上,注明题号。
1.下列汉字音节中,主要元音是舌面、前、半高、不圆唇元音的是________A.月B.对C.论D.界2.下列各组字中韵腹相同的是________。
A.问、军、肯、坤B.料、到、当、雅C.依、市、吉、迎D.桂、非、文、言3.下列加着重号的词语在句子中的比喻意义不是该词的固定义项的是________。
A.我们要避开市民出行的高峰..。
B.党员要做党和广大群众联系的桥梁..C.改革开放的春风吹遍了祖国大地。
..为自己谋利益。
D.他打着政府的招牌..4.下列句子中的“得”,属于助动词的是________。
A.这件事我不想干,免得添麻烦。
B.你不干也得干!C.老干那么多吃得消吗?D.没办法,这阵子大家都忙得晕头转向。
5.下列短语中不是谓词性短语的是________。
A.清新自然B.飞也似的C.为广大群众D.轻轻旋转6.下列句子中补语的语义指向主语的是________。
A.我写好了两篇文章。
B.天热得令人难受。
C.你要弄清楚他的意图。
D.猫把鸟儿吓跑了。
7.汉字“爱/阿/盎/案/奥”的汉语拼音分别是“ài/à/àng/àn/ào”,它们的拼式中都有一个共同的字母ɑ。
但实际上ɑ在以上各字中代表着不同的音位变体。
请问以上五字中含有几个拼音字母ɑ的音位变体?A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个8.下列各组词中属于纯粹的借词的是________。
A.电话咖啡电视B.咖喱可乐蛇果C.吉普坦克手机D.沙发麦克风拷贝9.下列各词中附加色彩与其他词不同的是________。
A.大娘B.老大爷C.老头D.大妈10.下列各项中不是词缀的是________。
A.“worker”(工人)中的“er”(work:工作)B.“老板”中的“老”C.“working”(工作)中的“ing”D.“阿姨”中的“阿”二、多项选择题(20分)每题作出2项以上的选择,把答案写在答题纸上,注明题号。
中山大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2011,2013)【圣才出品】
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11.中山大学语言学考研真题及参考答案(2011,2013)中山大学2013年语言学考研真题考试科目:语言学概论C(用英文考试)I. Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary. (10 points)Example: find —/faind/, beneath —/bi'ni: θ/1. empirical2. plagiarize3. compound4. finite5. clause6. phonemics7. threatened8. epiphenomenon9. beta10. generic【答案】1. empirical — / /2. plagiarize —/ /3. compound —//4. finite — //5. clause — //6. phonemics — //7. threatened — //8. epiphenomenon — //9. beta — //10. generic — //II. Fill in the following blanks. (15 points)1. ______ means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.【答案】Displacement2. ______ are produced “by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction”.【答案】Consonants3. The systematic study of morpheme is a branch of linguistics called ______, which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.【答案】morphology4. Cohesiveness can be realized by employing various cohesive devices: conjunction, ellipsis, lexical collocation, lexical repetition, ______, substitution, etc. 【答案】reference5. American Structuralism is a branch of ______ linguistics that emerged in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.【答案】synchronic6. The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as ______.【答案】interlanguage7. ______ found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by metalinguistic negation, which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures cannot. 【答案】Horn8. The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of ______.【答案】compositionality9. During the whole 20th century, a great deal of efforts has been taken to treat the inquiry of linguistics as a ______ or autonomous pursuit of an independent science.【答案】monistic10. In cognitive terms, ______ is the use of elements of subject’s situatedness todesignate something in the scene.【答案】deixis11. According to ______ (1996), the speech presentation continuum may have thefollowing possibilities: direct speech, indirect speech, narrator’s representation of speech acts and narrator’s representation of speech.【答案】Short12. With the help of ______ linguistics, recently research has moved into the area ofexample-based machine translation. The method uses correct translation as a principal source of information for the creation of new ones.【答案】computational13. In the IPA chart, the sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.The consonants are then divided into pulmonic and ______ consonants.【答案】non-pulmonic14. According to Halliday, a clause is the simultaneous ______ of ideational,interpersonal, and textual meanings.【答案】realization15. According to systemic-functionalists and American functionalists, language isnot arbitrary at the ______ level.【答案】syntacticIII. Define the following terms. (50 points)1. recreational function【答案】The recreational function of language refers to the use of language for the sheer joy of using it, such as a baby’s babbling or a chanter’s chanting. To take one example, the well-known movie Liu San Jie features a scene of “dui ge” mostly for the sheer joy of playing on language.2. pharyngeal【答案】Pharyngeal sounds are made with the root of the tongue anf the walls of the pharynx. Arabic is a language which contains pharyngeal fricatives.3. loanshift【答案】It is a process in which the meaning of the words is borrowed, but the form of the words is native. E.g. bridge means 桥牌。
2011年中山大学中文系807中国古代文学与批评考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
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2011年中山大学中文系807中国古代文学与批评考研真题及详解一、填空题(每题1分,共20分。
请把答案按顺序写在答题纸上,并标明题号):1.《庄子》运用了“寓言”、“重言”、“________言”等多种文学手法。
【答案】卮【解析】庄子为文擅用“三言”——“寓言”、“重言”、“卮言”,庄子自己也曾说他的文章是“寓言十九,重言十七,卮言日出,和以天倪”(《庄子•寓言》)。
2.若将中国古代文学史分为上古、中古、近古三期,魏晋时期就属于________古期。
【答案】中【解析】中国古代文学史的分期——三古、七段。
上古期:先秦两汉(公元3世纪以前),第一段:先秦;第二段:秦汉。
中古期:魏晋至明中叶(公元3世纪至16世纪),第三段:魏晋至唐中叶(天宝末);第四段:唐中叶至南宋末;第五段:元初至明中叶(正德末)。
近古期:明中叶至“五四”运动(公元16世纪至20世纪初),第六段:明嘉靖初至鸦片战争(1840);第七段:鸦片战争至“五四”运动(1919)。
3.“呦呦鹿鸣,食野之苹。
我有嘉宾,鼓瑟吹笙”出自《诗·________·鹿鸣》。
【答案】小雅【解析】诗经名句“呦呦鹿鸣,食野之苹。
我有嘉宾,鼓瑟吹笙”出自《诗经·小雅·鹿鸣》,意思是野鹿呦呦叫着呼唤同伴,在那野外吃艾蒿。
我有许多好的宾客,鼓瑟吹笙邀请他。
此句运用了起兴的手法,表达了对贤才义士的渴慕。
4.西汉时期为汉代散体大赋奠定基本体制的作品是《________》。
【答案】七发【解析】枚乘的《七发》标志着汉大赋体制的形成。
《七发》鸿篇巨制,韵散结合;采用问答的形式结纂全篇;笔墨铺夸,描绘精细;以叙事状物为主,辞藻繁富,多用比喻和叠字,这些都是成熟的汉大赋的显著标志。
5.在汉代,首写京都赋的作家是________。
【答案】扬雄【解析】自西汉晚期至于东汉早期,汉赋在思想内容和审美情趣方面明显出现新的迹象和发展趋势,其鲜明标志之一便是京都赋的崛起。
2011中山大学对外汉语考研真题汉语基础word版
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中山大学 二〇一一年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码:354科目名称:汉语基础考试时间:1月16曰上午壹 汉语语言学基础知识(共80分)一、填空题(每小题1分,共30分)1、现代汉语普通话以________________为基础方言。
2、语音除了有物理属性、生理属性外,还有________________属性。
3、现代汉语方言中,上海话属于七大方言中的________________。
4、构成音节的最小单位是________________,是从音质的角度划分出来的。
5、________________是介于楷书和草书之间的字体,产生于东汉末。
6、根据形成阻碍和解除阻碍的方式分类,普通话声母j 、q 、zh 、ch 、z 、c 都属于________________。
7、按韵母开头的元音发音口形,“e ”属于“四呼”中的________________。
8、现代汉语普通话只能做韵尾,不能做声母的辅音是________________。
9、用上一句结尾的词语做下一句的起头,使前后的句子头尾婵联,上递下接,这种辞格叫________________。
10、通行于西周的铸或刻在靑铜器上的文字称为________________。
11、繁体字“醫”在简化成“医”时,使用了________________法。
12、甲骨文又称殷墟文字,其内容多是记录________________的。
13、________________是用两个或几个部件合成一个字,把这些部件的意义合成新字的意义的造字法。
14、“日”旁的字一般和太阳有联系,而“月”旁常跟________________有联系,如“脸”字。
15、构成汉字的最小单位是________________。
16、语素是最小的________________结合体。
考生须知 全部答案一律写在答題纸 上,答在试题纸上的不计分!请用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答。
答题要写清题号,不必抄题题。
2011年中山大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
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2011年中山大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷(总分:82.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、音标题(总题数:10,分数:20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find—/faind/, beneath—/bi"ni:θ/corpora(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.sociologist(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.chef(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.debris(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.nasal(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.embedding(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.antonymy(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.facial(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.annotated(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.phonetics(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________二、填空题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)11.Lyons predicted in the seventies by pointing out that linguistics is 1, rather than speculative or intuitive; it operates with publicly variable date obtained by means of observation or experiment.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________12.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________13.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1 changes. That is, the same word may have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________14.In their book 1 written in 1923,C. K. Ogden and I.A. Richards presented a " representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured. " There are 16 major categories of them, with sub-categories all together, numbering 22.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________15.Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i. e. the class name, is called 1, and the lower terms, the members, Hyponyms.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________16.Charles Darwin, the founder of Evolution Theory, was one of the first keeping the diary of his son"s 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________17.And the Firthian tradition in this respect was further developed by the founder of systemic-functional linguistics, M.A.K. Halliday, whose contributions to sociolinguistics could be better seen from his understanding of language from a socially 1 or interactional perspective, his functional interpretation of grammar as a resource for meaning potential, and his linguistic model in the study of literature.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________18.For some reasons, much of the research on writing has concentrated on the preparation and revision processes rather than on the sentence generation and lexical access processes that have been the focus of 1language production.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________19.As Carter and Simpson(1989)observed that "if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade of 1stylistics. "(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________20.As a compromise between the "purely form-focused approaches" and the "purely meaning-focused" approaches, a recent movement called 1 seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________21.While Firth inherited the tradition by taking up some of 1"s and Malinowski"s views, he developed their theories and put forward his own original points of view.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________22.Mood is made up of two parts: the "Subject" and the " 1" element.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________23.In spite of the dominant influences of Transformational Generative Grammar in the American linguistic scholarship, it has been challenged by a number of rebels, among whom, are Fillmore with his 1and other with Generative Semantics.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________24.The idea of 1was first developed by Roman Jacobson(1896 - 1982)in the 1940s as a means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________25.Tone refers to the pitch on a syllable of a word. When pitch is related to a sentence, it is called 1.(分数:2.00)填空项1:__________________三、名词解释(总题数:10,分数:20.00)26.Logical subject(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 27.Sentence(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 28.Performatives(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.Orientational metaphor(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.SPEAKING(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 31.Free indirect thought(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.Blog(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 33.Applied linguistics(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.Mental processes(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.Error analysis(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________四、举例说明题(总题数:3,分数:6.00)36.Phoneme is the smallest meaningful unit of sound and morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in grammar.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 37.In Chinese tone changes are used in the way that affects the meanings of individual words.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 38.Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i. e. , a word or a group of words, which serve as a definable centre or head.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________五、简答题(总题数:3,分数:6.00)39.What are the similarities and differences between a phrase and a clause?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 40.What are the characteristics of Grice"s "conversational implicature" ?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 41.What does Halliday"s Systemic Grammar aim to do?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。
杨乃乔《比较文学概论》(章节练习1-3章)【圣才出品】
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第1章发展论一、填空题1.1979年,钱钟书的著作《________》出版,被认为是中国比较文学复兴的标志。
(中山大学2011年研)【答案】管锥编【解析】《管锥编》一书由先秦迄于唐前,涉及音韵、训诂、经义、比较文化等多门学科。
在书中,钱先生对《周易》、《毛诗》、《左传》、《史记》、《太平广记》、《老子》、《列子》、《焦氏易林》、《楚辞》以及全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文等古代典籍进行了详尽的缜密的考疏,体现了先生学贯中西的丰厚学养,代表了目前学术界的最高水平。
2.20世纪70年代以来,比较文学经受了三股世界性潮流的冲击,请列举其中两个潮流________、________。
(中山大学2010年研)【答案】理论大潮;东西比较文学的兴起或“文化研究”的热潮【解析】20世纪70年代以来,比较文学经受三股世界性潮流的冲击,面临着新的挑战,新的生机。
第一股潮流是理论大潮,第二股潮流是东西比较文学的兴起,第三股浪潮是“文化研究”的热潮。
3.比较文学是一种开放式的文学研究,它以________跨文化和跨学科界限的各种文学关系为研究对象。
(中山大学2010年研)【答案】跨民族;跨语言【解析】比较文学是一种开放式的文学研究,具有宏观的视野和国际的角度,以跨民族、跨语言、跨文化、跨学科界限的各种文学关系为研究对象,在理论和方法上,具有比较的自觉意识和兼容并包的特色。
4.比较文学的研究对象是跨民族、________、________、跨学科的各种文学关系。
(中山大学2011年研)【答案】跨语言;跨文化【解析】比较文学是一种开放式的文学研究,具有宏观的视野和国际的角度,以跨民族、跨语言、跨文化、跨学科界限的各种文学关系为研究对象,在理论和方法上,具有比较的自觉意识和兼容并包的特色。
二、论述题1.百年来比较文学跌跌撞撞,如何理解其挑战与机遇。
(南开大学2010年研)答:比较文学不知不觉已走过近百年的历史,从最初萌芽到比较文学学科正式建立再到学科流派的多样化,比较文学在此期间遭遇了种种挑战,也收获了颇多发展机遇。