高中写作常用表法达

时间表达法：
century 世纪year 年season 季节month 月week 星期day 日
hour 小时minute 分钟second 秒date 日期
in the past (years) 在过去
now / at present 现在，目前
in the future 在未来
Nowadays 当今，目前
Recently 近来
In the coming years 在接下来的几年
In the near future 在不久的未来
各个季节：
spring, summer, fall / autumn, winter
寒/暑假：
Summer / winter vacation(holiday)
1月至12月：
January February March April May June July August September October November December
星期一至日：
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
at 9:00
from 3:00 to 5:00
on October 20th, 2012
on Monday
on Monday October 20th, 2012
in May / summer
in (the year of) 1997
in the 21st century
in the 1980s a long time ago, at six o’clock in the morning, at the end of, at the weekend, before he came here, by the end of last term, during the summer holidays, in a few y ears’ time, in the past, in the old days, in the past ten years, in August 2002, in winter vacation, in weekdays, last month, next week, on Sunday morning, on October 1st, since early in the 20th century,
so far, up t o now, not…until...
节日介绍:
(1) Chinese traditional festivals：
New Year's Day / The Spring Festival
--First day of the first lunar month of the year The Lantern Festival
--15th day of the first lunar month of the year Dragon Boat Festival
--5th day of the 5th lunar month of the year
Mid-Autumn Festival
--15th day of the 8th lunar month of the year Chongyang Festival / Double Ninth / Elder Day --9th Day of the 9th lunar month of the year (2) Western festivals & international days:
情人节(2月14日)Valentine's Day
国际妇女节(3月8日) International Women's Day 愚人节(4月1日) Fool's Day
复活节(春分月圆后第一个星期日) Easter
国际劳动节(5月1日) International Labor Day
母亲节(5月的第二个星期日) Mother's Day
国际儿童节(6月1日) International Children's Day 父亲节(6月的第三个星期日) Father's Day
教师节(中国，9月10日) Teacher's ay
鬼节(万圣节除夕，10月31日夜) Halloween
万圣节(11月1日) Hallowmas
感恩节(11月最后一个星期4) Thanksgiving
护士节(12月12日) Nurse Day
圣诞除夕(12月24日) Christmas Eve
圣诞节(12月25日) Christmas Day
节礼日(12月26日) Boxing Day
新年除夕(12月31日) New Year's Eve
“每（隔）……”
every + 基数词+ 复数名词
every + 序数词+ 单数名词
every ten meters 每10米
every tenth meter 每隔9米
every other day 每隔一天
= every two days
= every second day
every few days 隔几天
write on every other line 隔行写
年龄表达法：
(1)具体年龄：
他八岁了。

He is 8.
= He is eight years old.
= He is an eight-year-old boy.
在18岁的时候，他参军了。

At the age of 18, he joined the army.
= At 18, he joined the army.
= When he was 18 years old, he joined the army. (从句)
(2)大概年龄：
他父亲60多岁去世的。

His father died in his sixties.
= His father died over / more than / above sixty. 他30岁出头。

He is in his early thirties.
他快70岁了。

He is close to / nearly / almost 70.
He is going on seventy years old.
他还不到20岁。

He is not yet twenty.
= He is just under twenty.
再过两个月我就18岁了。

I am two months off eighteen.
下周他就满20岁了。

He will be 20 years old next week.
在他十几岁的时候
in his teens / when he was a teenager
在童年时期in his / her childhood
在青年时期in the youth
在中年时期in middle age
在老年时期in old age
(3) 年岁其他表达法：
成年了be an adult
have grown up
be/come of age
未成年be under age
超龄be over age
已到上学年龄be of school age
年迈be far in years
婴儿baby (babies)
儿童child (children) / kid (kids)
青少年teenager / adolescent / youngster 青年the youth
成年人adult / grown-up
未成年人minor
中年人middle-aged man
老年人old people / the aged /
elderly people /senior citizens
小学生pupil
初中生junior middle school student 高中生high school student
中学生middle school student
(作为高三学生: as a senior three student,…) 大学生university/college student
毕业生graduate
幼儿园kindergarten
小学primary school
初中junior middle school
高中senior middle school
high school
大学university / college
数字表达法：
（1）常见大约数表达法：
“正好”exactly / clearly / precisely…“大约” about / nearly / almost /
around / some / towards /
more or less … + 数字；
数字+ or so / more or less…“总共”in all / in total…
“以上, 超过”more than / over / above…“少于”less than / under / below…
（2）数词：
one first 1st
two second 2nd
three third 3rd
four fourth 4th
five fifth 5th
six sixth 6th
seven seventh 7th
eight eighth 8th
nine ninth 9th
ten tenth 10th
eleven eleventh 11th
twelve twelfth 12th
thirteen thirteenth 13th
fourteen fourteenth 14th
fifteen fifteenth 15th
……
twenty twentieth 20th
thirty thirtieth 30th
forty fortieth 40th
fifty fiftieth 50th
……
一百one/a hundred
一千one/a thousand 一万ten thousand
十万one/a hundred thousand
一百万one/a million
一千万ten million
一亿one/a hundred million
十亿one/a billion
一百亿ten billion
(dollars, meters, yuan,…)
zero, dozen, score, fortnight, decade …
0.3 zero point three
5.61 five point six one
-9℃minus nine degree s centigrade 二分之一a/one half
四分之一a/one quarter, one fourth 四分之三three quarter s, three fourth s 七分之三three seventh s
二又五分之四two and four-fifth s
百分之四十五forty-five percent / 45%
数百的，数以百计hundreds of 数千的，成千上万thousands of 数万的tens of thousands of 数十万hundreds of thousands of 数百万millions of 数千万tens of millions of 数亿hundreds of thousands of 数十亿billions of 数十dozens of / scores of
1. “许多、大量”（只修饰可数名词）：many students are … / many a student is …
a few / few / fewer
a great / good many
a number of
a couple of
several
hundreds of, dozens of, scores of ……
(只修饰不可数名词)：
much
a little / little / less
a bit of / bits of
a great deal of
a large amount of / large amounts of
(可数、不可数均可修饰)：
all, enough, none of, most
some, any, more
a lot of / lots of / masses of
plenty of / piles of
a large quantity of / large quantities of
2. 倍数表达法：
一倍once, 两倍twice,
三倍three times …
(三倍及三倍以上用“基数词+times”表示)
e.g.: A比B大（高、长、宽、多）6倍。

A is six times bigger / higher / longer / broader / wider / more than B.
=A is seven times as big / high / long / broad / wide / much / many as B.
=A is seven times the size / height / length / width / number of B.
3. 数量增减表达法：
增加：increase / rise / grow / go up …increase by 15% 增加了15%
increase from 30% to 40%
从30%增加到40%
减少：reduce / decrease / fall / drop…
（同上）
▲“打八五折”
Fifteen percent discount
地理信息表达法：
(1)表示“位于，坐落于”：
①某地+is / lies + 地点状语.
The city lies across the river.
这个大城市位于河的两侧。

②某地+be located/situated地点状语
The new museum is located in the east of the city.
China lies in the east of Asia and on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean.
中国位于亚洲东部，太平洋的西岸。

at the crossing, at the end of the street, at the airport, at the village, at the foot of the mountain, at the bottom, at the top of, behind the park, five kilometers to the north of Guangzhou,
in the south of Guangdong Province,
in the middle of the park, in Class 3 Grade 2,
in the front of the bus, in front of the bus,
in the tree, in Guangdong, in China,
lies to the west of Sichuan,
on the other side of the street,
on both side s of the road,
on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean ,
on the left / right, ...
(2) 表示“占地面积”：
①某地+ covers an area of ...
The small town covers an area of 5 square miles.
②某地+ takes up + ...
Xingjiang takes up about one-sixth of our territory.
我们学校占地120亩。

Our school covers an area of 120 mu.
(3)表述人口的数量：
①某地+ has a population of + 数词:
This city has a population of more than
1,000,000.
②The population of + 地名is + 数词。

The population of the county is 400,000.
The village has a population of 5000, most of whom are fishermen.
这个村子有5000人, 大多数人为渔民。

(4)表述历史背景：
①某地+ has a long history of ... years:
The old tower has a long history of 2000 years.
②某地+ is a ... place/ country with... history. Egypt is an Arabian country with a long history. China is a civilized country with a long history of 5000 years.
中国有五千年的悠久历史文明古国。

(5)表述自然特点：
①某地+ be covered with .... 某地为…所覆盖This area is covered with grassland.
②某地+ be made up of /consists of…某地由…组成
Sichuan Province is made up of a basin and some mountainous areas.
四川省是由一个盆地和山区组成。

One-third of the island is covered with forest.
这个岛的三分之一都是森林。

(6)表述资源特色：
①某地+ be rich in某地含有丰富的…，盛产…。

②某地+ be famous/well-known for 某地因…而闻名。

新疆有丰富的自然资源，以葡萄而闻名。

Xingjiang is rich in natural resources. It is famous for grapes.
(7)风景名胜:
列举“风景名胜”：①There are many place s of interest here, such
as...
这儿有许多名胜，比如…。

②某地+has many places of interest, among which is...某地有许多名胜，其中就有…。

Beijing has many places of interest, among which is the Forbidden City.
表述地区的特色：
①某地+ is famous / well-known for...。

某地因…而闻名。

Hangzhou is famous/well-known for its beautiful West Lake.
②某地+ is famous /well-known as ...。

某地作为…而闻名。

Beijing is famous as the capital of China. 北京作为中国的首都而闻名。

人物介绍表达法：
1. 外貌特征：beautiful, big nose, black eyes，fat, good-looking，handsome, healthy, near-sighted，ordinary-looking，pretty，short，strong, tall，thin, with a big nose, with a big smile, white-haired，
1.80 meters tall...
2.性格特点：absent-minded, attractive，bad-tempered，be ready to help others, bright，charming，confident, diligent，friendly, generous, have a good temper, humorous，independent, kind, kind-hearted，lazy，narrow-minded, naughty，patient，considerate, smart，talkative，warm-hearted，wise....
3. 出生年龄：a twenty-five-year-old young man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 20, be born on February 12th, 1987, during his childhood, in one’s fifties, live a happy/ hard life, spend his
childhood in the countryside, the son of a poor family, when he was a small boy, etc.
4. 兴趣爱好：be angry with sb for sth, be angry about, be delighted in doing, be good at singing, be interested in English, be fond of music, be crazy about, be pleased with, be sick for, be sorry for, be strict in one’s work, be worried about, do well in his research work, ,enjoy doing, expect to do, feel surprised at, have a strong desire to do, look forward to doing sth., long for (long to do), make rapid progress in, put one’s heart into, take a pleasure in doing; wish to do, work hard at his studies, etc.
5. 教育背景：be admitted to Beijing University, fail in the test, get a master’s degree, get on well with one’s lessons, give sb. a passing grade, go abroad to further one’s study, graduate from Physics Department of Qinghua University, his father was very strict with him, lay a good foundation in English, major in history, receive a doctor’s degree, pass the examination, study hard at, take several courses at school, take an active part in class，when at college, etc.
6. 经历事迹：become a member of the team, concentrate oneself to doing sth., devote oneself to one’s business, do sth with great determination and perseverance, do research into this field, encourage sb to do sth, fight for our revolutionary course, give up one’s life for sth, have a good way of doing sth, have a talent for language, make up one’ s mind to do sth., overcome many difficulties, receive the Nobel Prize for physics, serve as nurse, set a new world record of 110 metre hurdling, try one’s best to do sth., win the first prize in the competition, win a gold /silver/ bronze medal, etc.
7. 他人评价：an inspiring leader, a model worker, an advanced teacher, be respected by all his students, be honored as, be considered as, be famous/known as, be regarded as, his hard work brought him great success, make great contributions to our country, one of the most important persons in the past ten years, consider sb. as a genius, consider sb. as the greatest leader, set a good example for all of us, speak highly of him, etc.
事件话题常用表达法:
(1)学校生活及学习成绩
be active in class, be interested in, be fond of, be good at , do well in, make progress in, be poor at , be tired of one’s work, be weak in, do one’s homework, do sports after school, education for all-round development (素质教育), examination-oriented education system(应试教育), fail in the test, get a doctor’s degree, get on well with English, get an “A” in the exam, get 90 marks for English, give sb. a passing grade, have a good command of the language, have eight classes every day, help with each other, lay a good foundation in, learn…by heart, major in history, make friends with sb., put one’s heart into, pass the examination, study in groups, succeed in doing sth., take an active part in the activity, take several courses at school, work out a problem, work on a maths problem, work hard at, ...
(2)师生关系及其活动
be friendly to sb., be kind to sb, be a strict teacher, be strict with sb, be strict in one’s work, be satisfied with , blame sb. for sth, correct the students’ homework carefully, devote all one’s time to work, form a good habit of, get on well with sb, give advice on, give sb a lot of work , help sb with sth , make one’s lessons lively and interesting, praise sb for sth., prepare for tomorrow’s lesson, question sb on, teach sb. English , teach sb how to do sth., ...
(3) 课余活动及周末生活
do some reading, enjoy a family trip, enjoy doing sth., go swimming, go for an outing, go to the cinema, have an outing at the seashore, have a swim, have dances on weekends, have a picnic at the weekend, have a party, hold a sports meeting, Internet bar, net friend, online love affair(网恋) , play the piano, play chess (basketball), see the sights of Beijing, spend one’s time in many different ways, teach in a family, …
(4)交通情况:
a big traffic jam, a traffic accident, be very crowded in the street, be seriously injured, go by bus (train / ship / boat) / on foot, drive a car, flight No. 2130, in a small boat, give sb. a lift, keep right, lie on the street, meet sb. at the station, on the bus ( train), on board, on one’s way to London, on the journey, one way only , pick up sb., ride a bike, ride a horse , see sb. off at
the airport, self-service ticket , take a flight to New York, traffic light, travel through China, turn right, …
(5)度假旅游New Year’s Day, May Day, Youth Day, N ational Day, the Spring Festival, a hot spot, a place of interest, a tourist destination, a five-star hotel, a good restaurant, a return ticket, a single ticket, a city with a long history, a quiet village, a
three-day tour, an experienced guide, beautiful scenery, in peak tourist seasons, natural attraction, on one’s way to France, on the back way , one of the great wonders of the world, spend one’s holidays on the sea , travel agency, the tour route, the inner-ring road, travel to England, the Great Wall , the Summer Place , Zhongshan Park , …
(6)环境保护
a good environment, area pollution, air pollution, air quality standard, Antarctic Circle, atmospheric chemistry, a heavy rain, a heavy snow, be polluted, be hot, be cold, be cool, be cloudy, be rainy, be sunny, be flooded, climate, carbon dioxide(CO2), chemical change, chemical cleaning of coal, climate change, dirty, drought, dry, flood, early warning system, environmental behavior, environmental quality, feel comfortable, global warming, minus 20 degrees
centigrade(-20°), 30 degrees above zero(30°)，sea level, warning center, wastes, water surface , water treatment, water pollution control, weather, windstorm , ...
话题一：中学生的爱好与兴趣
Spare time(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的), Interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好), read novels(读小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球), surf the internet(上网), chat online(在线聊天), play games(玩游戏), collect stamps(集邮), make
e-friends(交网友), climb mountains(爬山), watch TV(看电视), enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐),be interested in(对…感兴趣), develop an interest in(在…方面发展兴趣), be fond of(喜欢…),be keen on(喜欢…), have love for(喜爱…), have a taste in(对…有兴趣) 等。

话题二：劳动与劳动观念
Work(工作v.), be at work(在工作), work hard(努力工作), produce(生产), worker(工人), labor force(劳动力), labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动)，serve the people(为人民服务)，heart and soul(全心全意)，physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动), labor viewpoint(劳动观念), labor Day(劳动节), workday(工作日), means of labor(劳动方式), honorable(光荣的), be devoted to(奉献于..), value(价值), earn money(赚钱) , personal interests(个人利益)等。

话题三：创建和谐社会
harmonious(和谐的), friendly(友好的), civilized(文明的), honest(真诚的), credible (诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等，help each ether(互助), care for each other(互相关心), have deep love for (热爱), be concerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social
moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境), save energy(节省能源) No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。

…can be achieved by hard wok.
…可以通过劳动获得。

It is difficult to find work in the present situation. 在当前形势下，很难找到工作。

It is honorable to ……是光荣的。

If everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …如果每个人为他人和社会做…，我们这个世界将会…。

Every one should … and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.
每个人应该…，为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。

话题四：招聘与求职
employ(雇佣), look for(寻找), take in(吸纳),
full-time(全职的), part-time(兼职的),
well-paid(薪水高的), be paid by the hour(按小
时发工资), requirement(要求), résumé(个人履历),schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经历), qualification(合格证明), transcript (成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等，apply for(申请…), graduate from(毕业于), major in(以…为
专业), degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilled in(在…方面熟练), be good
at(擅长…), experi enced(有经验的),
confident(自信的), English and computer
ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)等。

话题五：中学生的健康问题
Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), strong(强壮的), un/healthy(不健康/健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的),
near/short-sighted(近视的), mentally
unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat
much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等，
Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康), build up one’s body/ improve one’s’ health(强身健体), enough sleep(充足的睡眠), take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动), roper diet(合理的饮食), good living habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), remove heavy burdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对…有益处), nutrition(营养), go on diet(节食), form a … eating habit(养成一个…的饮食习惯) Breathe in as much fresh air
话题六：环境保护
Pollute（污染），Waste is scattering here and there.（到处撒满了废弃物），protect the environment(保护环境) ，send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体），cut down trees(砍伐树木)，pour waste water into the rivers（把废水注入河流），It is a shame to throw rubbish around. （乱扔垃圾是可耻的），form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境），take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)，take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林），plant more trees to improve the environment （多植来改善环境），The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。

)
话题七：校园文明与安全问题
School rules and regulations(学校规章制
度),obey(遵守), observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁), respect
one’s teachers and parents(尊敬师长), be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的) break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), spit(吐痰), throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊), get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与…打架), punish sb. for (因…处罚某人)等。

The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。

The students are expected to …学校期望学生…。

It must be made clear that the students
should …必须明确的一点是，学生应该…。

… is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society. …对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。

It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。

It is worthy of praise to ... …是值得表扬的。

It is shameful to ……是可耻的。

What we should do is that …我们应该做的事情是…
话题八：友谊
get to know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really
well(熟知某人), make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share …with sb.(与…分享…), be loyal
to(对…忠诚), keep in touch with sb. (与…保持
联系), keep company with sb.(和…结交), stay best friends with sb. (和…保持很好的友谊)等。

常用的句型有：
1. Friends give us …朋友给予我们…。

2. A good friend is someone you can …一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。

3. The first time I met …, he was …当我第一次遇到…的时候，他…。

4. Friendship pla ys an important part in …友谊在…中扮演一个重要角色。

5. You can … to be a good friend.你可以…来成为别人的好朋友。

6. We can turn to ... when we feel down. 当我们心情糟糕时，可以求助于…。

7. … makes a good friend.…成就好朋友。

8. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真知。

9. ... is one of the things people value most in a friend.
… 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。

10. … have a friend of … years with sb.… 与… 有着…年的友情。

常用组织关系表达法：
表示罗列增加：
first, second, third,
first, then/next, after that/ next, finally
for one thing…for another…,
on (the)o ne hand…on the other hand,
besides / what’s more/ in addition /
furthermore / moreover /another/
also, especially/ In particular,
表示时间顺序：
now, at present, recently,
after, afterwards, after that, after a while,
in a few days, at first, in the beginning,
to begin with, later, next, finally,
immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment , as soon as, the moment
from now on, from then on,
at the same time, meanwhile,
till, not...until, before, after, when ,
while, as, during,
表示解释说明:
now, in addition, for example,
for instance, in this case, moreover
furthermore, in fact, actually
表示转折关系:
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise,
on the contrary, on the other hand, despite,
in spite of, even if/though, except(for),
instead of, rather than, after all…
表示并列关系:
or, and, also, too, not only... but also,
as well as, both... and, either ... or,
neither...nor
表示因果关系:
because, since, now that, as,
because of, thanks to, due to, owing to,
therefore, thus, consequently,
as a result(of), so,
cause, lead to, result in, result from…
表示条件关系:
as (so)long as, on condition that, if, unless 表示让步关系:
though, although, as, even if, even though,
whether ...or..., however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever,
no matter how (who, what, which, where,
when, whom)
表示举例:
for example, for instance, such as...,
take... for example…
表示比较:
be similar to, similarly, the same as,
in contrast, compared with(to)... just like,
just as,
表示目的:
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in
order to , so as to,
表示强调:
indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, There is no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above
all,
表示概括归纳:
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole,
generally speaking, in my opinion,
as far as I am concerned,
as far as I know, As we all know,
as has been stated，as I have shown,
in summary, in conclusion,
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