2016年5月8日GRE考试真题回忆解析
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析Word版
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section 1 Use of EnglishDirectious:Read the following Text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) In Cambodia, the choice of a souse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can bulid a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorces persons are 15 with some disapproval. Easch spouse retains 16 property he or she Divorced persons may.1. [A]by way of [B]with regard to [C]on behalf of [D]as wellas2. [A]decide on [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]adapt to3. [A]close [B] arrange [C]renew [D]postpone4. [A]In theory [B] Above all [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Unless [B] Lest [C]After [D]Although6. [A]into [B] within [C]from [D]through7. [A]or [B]since [C]but [D]so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]association [B]meeting [C]collection [D]union12. [A]deal [B]part [C]grow [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]for [D]if14. [A]avoid [B]follow [C]challenge [D]obtain15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]wherever [B]whatever [C]whenever [D]however17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]invested [B]divided [C]donated [D]withdrawn19. [A]warms [B]clears [C]shows [D]breaks20. [A]while [B]so that [C]once [D]in thatText1France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion , has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways . The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protectingmodels from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women , especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans ,if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a govemment-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We aware of and t ake responsibility for the impact the ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is (CFW), which is run by the Danish21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?【A】Physical beauty would be redefined.【B】New runways would be constructed.【C】Wcbsites about dieting would thrive.【D】The fanshing industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to【A】heightening the value of.【B】indicating the state of.【C】losing faith in.【D】doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true od the fashion industry?【A】The French measures have already failed.【B】New standrds are being set in Denmark.【C】Models are no longer under peer pressure.【D】Its inberent problerma are getting wotse.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country, In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate”the countryside”alongside the royal family,Shakespeare and t he National Health Serivce (NHS) at what makes them proudest of their country，this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the national trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone f orever” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with space for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air .”Hill is pressure later led to creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete consumes more of it . it needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation，even authorsing “o ff-plan”building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The liberal democrats are silent. Only ukip, sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.its Campaign to protect ruralEngland struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents stirling ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone，with no intrusion on green belt.what is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that”housing crisis ”equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always，where to put them. Under lobby pressure，George Osboyne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town,shopping sites against high streets . this is not a free market but a biased one. Rural town and villages have grown and will26 Britain is public sentiment about the countrysideA has brought much benefit to the NHSB didn’t start till the Shakespearean ageC is fully backed by the royal familyD is not well reflected in politics27 According to Paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA gradually destroyedB effectively reinforcedC properly protectedD largely overshadowed28 which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservationB the conservatives may abandon ”off -plan“buildingC the liberal democrats are losing political influenceD labour is under attack for opposing development29 the author holds that George Osborne is preferenceA reveals a strong prejudice against urban areasB shows his disregard for character of rural areasC stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisisD highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure30 in the last paragraph，the author shows his appreciation ofA the size of population in BritainB the enviable urban lifestyle in BritainC the town-and-country planning in BritainD the political life in today is BritainText 4There will eventurally come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactlly when that day will be is a matter of debate.”Sometime in the future ”,the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive toditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper—printing presses ,delivery trucks-isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print away .And though print ad sales still dwarf thire online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Over way be high and circulation lower ,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake ,say BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti.Pereti says the Time should’t waste time getting out of the printbusiness,But only if they go about it the right way .”Fighting out of a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them,”he said,“but if you discontinue it“you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes,that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti give s the example seen as a blunder,”he said.“The move turned out to be foresighted.Ane if peretti would rale prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they’d feel lik e they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in ,”So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,”Perettisaid “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In o ther words,if you’re going to make a print product ,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it .which way be what the time is doing already .Getting the print edition seven days a week costs each –a year-more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to[A]the pressure from its investors.[B]the complaints from its readers.[C]the high cost of operation.[D]the increating online ad sales.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]make strategic adjustments[B]end the print sdition for good.[C]seek new sources of readership.[D]aim for efficient management.38.It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5and6 that a “legacy product”[A]will have the cost of printing reduced.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]helps restore the glory of former times.[D]expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.[B]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[C]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[D]legacy businesses are becoming outdated.40.which of the following would be the best title of the Text?[A]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.[B]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.[C]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.[D]Shift Online Newspapers All at Once.Part BDirections:Read the following Text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 Points)No matter how formal or informa the work environment，the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University，people assess your competence，trustworthiness，and likeability in just a tenth of a second，solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for succeas” era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms haveevolved and fragmentedIn some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials,it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhance our goals? Here are some tips;41about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgradea nd that’s OK.42.Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43. Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What converys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural con Text, the more control you can have over your impact.44. Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and con Text. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.Part CDirections:Read the following Text carefully and then translate the undetlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental heal th is our birthright.(46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally heally; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system or the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us.(47) O ur mental health doesn’t really go anywhere ;like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem-confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in out common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives – the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will woke out. It’s a form of innate or unlearne d optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles. With kindness if they ate in pain .and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful. Managing our home life , or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for About how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade a nd that’s OK.Section III WritingPart A51 .Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university .Write a notice of about 100 words，providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.DO not sigh your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.DO not write the address. (10 points)Part B52 .Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture in your essay, you should1. describe the pictures briefly,2. interpret its intended meaning, and3. give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案解析I cloze1. As well as2. Decide on3. Arrange4. Above all5. After6. Into7. But 8. Recite9. Tying10. Lighting11. Union12. Live13. Until14. Obtain15. Persuaded16. Whatever17. Brought18. Divided19. Shows20. WhileII Reading comprehensionPart AText121. Physical beauty would be redefined.22. Doing harm to.23. New standards are being set in Denmark.24. Showing little concern for health factors.25. A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.Text 226.is not well reflected in politics27. gradually destroyed28. The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. highlight his firm stand against lobby pressure30. the town-and-country planning in BritainText 331. uncertainty32. winning33. less severe34. has an impact on their decision35. the necessaryText 436. the high cost of operation37. make strategic adjustments38. is meant for the most loyal customers39. Aggressiveness better meets challenges40. Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandPart B41. Decide if the time is right42. Know your goals43. Understand the context44. Work with professionals45. Make it efficientPart C46. 我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理;它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
GRE历年真题完整解析
GRE历年真题完整解析[第一部分：概述]GRE（研究生入学考试）是美国大学和研究生院的入学考试，考查考生的逻辑推理、分析能力、数学思维和写作表达能力。
历年来，GRE的考试题目种类繁多，涵盖了各个学科和领域的知识点。
本文将对GRE历年真题进行完整解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考试内容。
[第二部分：问题类型]GRE考试包含三个主要部分：GRE通用测试（包括定量推理、词汇推理和阅读理解）、GRE主题测试（基于具体学科的测试，如数学、计算机科学等）和GRE写作。
我们将对这三个部分的问题类型进行详细解析。
[第三部分：GRE通用测试解析]1. 定量推理：这一部分主要考察考生的数学思维和逻辑推理能力。
题目涉及数学基础、代数、几何、数据处理等内容，要求考生能够快速分析和解决问题。
2. 词汇推理：这一部分主要考察考生的词汇理解和词义推理能力。
题目要求考生根据给定的上下文和选项，从中选择最合适的词语。
3. 阅读理解：这一部分主要考察考生的阅读理解和分析能力。
题目包括文章阅读和问题解答，要求考生从文章中获取信息、找出关键点，并正确回答问题。
[第四部分：GRE主题测试解析]GRE的主题测试根据学科分类，包括数学、物理、化学、计算机科学等。
本文将以数学为例进行解析。
1. 数学：GRE数学部分涉及代数、几何、概率与统计等内容。
题目要求考生运用数学方法解决问题，如解方程、计算几何等。
[第五部分：GRE写作解析]GRE写作部分共有两个作文题目，一个Argument写作，一个Issue写作。
我们将对这两个题目进行详细解析。
1. Argument写作：这一部分要求考生对给定的观点进行分析和批判。
考生需要评估给出的论据和推理过程，提出自己的观点，并给予支撑。
2. Issue写作：这一部分要求考生从给定的议题中选择一个立场，进行陈述和论证。
考生需要表达清晰的观点，并给出充分的理由和例证支持。
[第六部分：备考建议]在备考GRE历年真题时，考生需注重以下几点：1. 熟悉各类题型：了解并熟悉各类题型的出题方式和解题思路，掌握相应的解题技巧和方法。
2016同等学力申硕英语真题及答案解析
2016同等学力申硕英语真题及答案解析IntroductionIn 2016, the English examination for the Master's degree admission via equivalent qualification was held. This article aims to provide an analysis of the exam questions and answers, allowing candidates to better understand the content and improve their overall performance.Section 1: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1: Title: "The Importance of Emotional Intelligence"The first passage in the reading comprehension section discusses the significance of emotional intelligence. It explores how emotional intelligence plays a pivotal role in one's personal and professional life. The passage emphasizes self-awareness, empathy, and effective communication skills as essential aspects of emotional intelligence. The questions related to this passage primarily focus on understanding the main ideas and supporting evidence.2. Passage 2: Title: "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity"The second passage delves into the impact of climate change on biodiversity. It highlights how rising global temperatures and environmental shifts are affecting various ecosystems around the world. The passage explores potential solutions and calls for urgent action to mitigate the effects of climate change. The questions in this section assess the candidates' ability to comprehend the main arguments and infer information from the text.Section 2: Cloze TestThe cloze test evaluates the candidates' grasp of English vocabulary, grammar, and contextual understanding. This section consists of a passage with multiple gaps, which must be filled with appropriate words or phrases. The passage could be related to a variety of topics, such as education, technology, or environment.Section 3: Error CorrectionIn this section, candidates are presented with a text that contains grammatical errors. Their task is to identify and correct these errors based on their understanding of English grammar rules and sentence structure. The errors could range from verb tense agreement to word choice or punctuation mistakes.Section 4: TranslationThe translation section evaluates the candidates' ability to translate sentences from Chinese to English. The sentences provided could cover a wide range of topics, including social issues, economy, or culture. Accuracy, coherence, and appropriate word usage are crucial in this section.Section 5: WritingCandidates are required to write an essay on a given topic within a specific word limit. The essay assesses their writing skills, logical thinking, and ability to express ideas coherently. The topics could be related to current events, social challenges, or personal experiences. Clear structure, persuasive arguments, and correct grammar and vocabulary usage are essential for a high score.Answer and Analysis1. Reading Comprehension: The answers and explanations for the multiple-choice questions in the reading comprehension section are provided. Each question is analyzed, highlighting the correct answer choice and the reasons behind it. This allows candidates to understand the reasoning required to answer similar questions accurately.2. Cloze Test: The correct answers for the gaps in the cloze test section are provided, along with the explanations for each choice. This helps candidates comprehend the appropriate vocabulary and grammar required to complete the passage.3. Error Correction: The errors in the given text are identified and corrected, demonstrating the correct grammar rules and sentence structure. Detailed explanations accompany each correction to aid candidates in understanding common mistakes and improving their grammar skills.4. Translation: The correct translations for the provided sentences from Chinese to English are given, along with explanations for the word choices and syntax. This helps candidates enhance their translation skills and expand their vocabulary range.ConclusionThe 2016 same-level academic English examination for Master's degree admission covered various sections, including reading comprehension, cloze test, error correction, translation, and writing. The analysis and answers provided in this article aim to assist candidates in comprehending the exam format, understanding the correct answers, and improving their overall performance in future exams. By reviewing the questions, answers, andexplanations, candidates can identify their strengths and weaknesses and develop effective strategies for success in similar exams.。
gre考试真题及答案详解解析
gre考试真题及答案详解解析GRE考试真题及答案详解解析作为世界上最受欢迎的留学考试之一，GRE考试是许多学生梦寐以求的目标。
而要在GRE考试中取得好成绩，了解真题及其答案的详细解析是非常关键的。
本文将为你带来一些GRE考试真题及答案的详解解析，希望对你的备考有所帮助。
一、Verbal Reasoning 篇章阅读题目解析一般来说，GRE考试的Verbal Reasoning部分包含篇章阅读题目。
这些题目通常会给出一篇长度约为200~350字的文章，并附带几个问题。
以一道真题为例：Passage:The human brain, despite its many complexities, can be understood as a network of interconnected neurons. This network allows information to be transmitted throughout the brain via electrical and chemical signals. However, the brain is not a static network; it is constantly changing and adapting to new experiences. This is known as brain plasticity.Question 1: According to the passage, what is brain plasticity?A) The network of interconnected neurons in the brain.B) The transmission of information via electrical and chemical signals.C) The constant change and adaptation of the brain to new experiences.D) The complexity of the human brain.答案解析：根据文章的最后一句话"This is known as brain plasticity."可以得出答案选择C，即大脑对新经验的不断变化和适应。
2016GRE阅读真题解析
2016GRE阅读真题解析2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage2PP2-4Passage 2The dusky salamander lives only in slow-moving streams where organic debris settles and accumulates. In almost all places in New York State where ducky salamanders used to live, suburban development has cleared uplands and put down asphalt. As a result, rainwater now runs directly into streams, causing increased flow that slows the accumulation of organic sediments. Therefore, it is probably the increased flow caused by suburban development that is responsible for the dusky salamander’s virtual disappearanc e from New York State.1. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?A. Since 1980 the suburban population of New York State has grown ten times faster than its urban population.B. Dusky salamanders have disappeared in the past ten years from some suburban areas of New York State that were originally developed more than a century ago and that have not experienced significant development for decades.C. The two-line salamander, a species that lives in both slow- and swift-moving waters, continues to thrive in streams in New York State from which dusky salamanders have disappeared.D. Suburban development in New York State contributes significantly to pollution of local streams with lawn fertilizers that are poisonous to most small aquatic animals.E. Much of the suburban development in New York State has been occurring in areas that never provided prime habitat fordusky salamanders.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-4 Passage1PP2-4Passage 1Music critics have consistently defined James P. Johnson as a great early jazz pianist, originator of the 1920s Harlem “stride” style, and an important blues and jazz composer. In addition, however, Johnson was an innovator in classical music, composing symphonic music that incorporated American, and especially African American, traditions.Such a blend of musical elements was not entirely new: by 1924 both Milhaud and Gershwin had composed classical works that incorporated elements of jazz. Johnson, a serious musician more experienced than most classical composers with jazz, blues, spirituals, and popular music, was particularly suited to expand Milhaud’s and Gershwin’s experiments. In 1927 he completed his first large-scale work, the blues- and jazz-inspired Yamekraw, which included borrowings from spirituals and Johnson’s own popular songs. Yamekraw, premiered successfully in Carnegie Hall, was major achievement for Johnson, becoming his most frequently performed extended work. It demonstrated vividly the possibility of assimilating contemporary popular music into the symphonic tradition.1. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. A historical overview is presented, and a particular phenomenon is noted and analyzed.B. A popular belief is challenged, and a rival interpretation is presented and supported.C. A common viewpoint is presented and modified, and themodification is supported.D. An observation is made and rejected, and evidence for that rejection is presented.E. A common claim is investigated, and an alternative outlook is analyzed and criticized.For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.2. The author suggests which of the following about most classical composers of the early 1920s?A. They were strongly influenced by the musical experiments of the Milhaud and Gershwin.B. They had little working familiarity with such forms of American music as jazz, blues, and popular songs.C. They made few attempts to introduce innovations into the classical symphonic tradition.3. The passage states that Johnson composed all of the following EXCEPT:A. jazz worksB. popular songsC. symphonic musicD. spiritualsE. blues pieces2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage3PP2-3Passage 3Electric washing machines, first introduced in the United States in 1925, significantly reduced the amount of time spent washing a given amount of clothes, yet the average amount of time households spent washing clothes increased after 1925. This increase is partially accounted for by the fact that many urbanhouseholds had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries. But the average amount of time spent washing clothes also increased for rural households with no access to professional laundries.1. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the time spent washing clothes increased in rural areas?A. People with access to an electric washing machine typically wore their clothes many fewer times before washing them than did people without access to electric washing machines.B. Households that had sent their clothes to professional laundries before 1925 were more likely than other households to purchase an electric washing machine when they became available.C. People living in urban households that had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries typically owned more clothes than did people living in rural households.D. The earliest electric washing machines required the user to spend much more time beside the machine than do modern electric washing machines.E. In the 1920s and 1930s the proportion of rural households with electricity was smaller than the proportion of urban households with electricity.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage2PP2-3Passage 2In 1996, scientists caused an experimental flood of the Colorado River by releasing water from Glen Canyon Dam above the Grand Canyon. Because an unintentional flood in 1983 had reduced the river’s introduced population of nonnative trout,biologists were concerned that the experimental flood would wash many fish, native and nonnative, downstream. T o find out, biologists placed nets in the river. The nets captured a few more trout than they would have without the flood but did not show substantial flushing of native fish, whose ancestors had, after all, survived many larger natural floods. The biologists surmised that the native species (and most of the trout) must have quickly retreated to protected areas along the riverbank.1. Which of the following, if true, would make the information presented in the passage compatible with the experimental flood’s in fact having caused substantial flushing of native fish?A. Many of the native fish are too small to have been captured by the nets.B. There had been and increase from normal levels in the native fish population prior to the flood.C. The native fish in the Colorado are much stronger swimmers than taxonomically similar fish in other rivers in the region.D. The unintentional flood of 1983 had not affected the river’s trout population as much as was originally thought.E. The experimental flood raised the water level much less than a typical natural flood would have.2. According to the passage, which of the flowing is true of the Colorado River flood of 1983?A. The flood had a negative effect on the river’s trout population.B. There was substantial flushing of the river’s native fish population during the flood.C. Unlike the 1996 flood, it was not deliberately caused forscientific research purposes.2016GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage1PP2-3Passage 1Some universities have created environmental studies programs that can be marketed to prospective students but that suffer from too little administrative support, limited faculty resources, and a lack of careful deliberation over the hard choices. In the short term, this institutional strategy can pay rich dividends: at minimal expense a university can lay claim to an environmental studies program and attract new students or accommodate the interest of existing ones, perhaps with the full intention of bringing additional resources to bear in later years. As the number of students in these skeleton programs grows, however, the flimsy administrative and curricular scaffolding begins to buckle, leading to an anything-goes strategy that degenerates into curricular incoherence.1. The passage implies which of the following about the relationship between students and environmental studies programs?A. Students new to a university are more likely to be aware of environmental studies programs than existing students are.B. Students prefer curricular incoherence in environmental studies programs to rigid administrative decision making.C. The curricular flexibility of an environmental studies program is an attraction for new students.D. If a university offers an environmental studies program, then students will enroll in it.E. New students will guarantee the success of an environmental studies program.2. The passage suggests which of the following about “skeleton programs” in en vironmental studies?A. They may fail to attract prospective students.B. At some point they are likely to collapse into curricular confusion.C. They may par rich dividends in short term.。
考研英语2016真题
考研英语2016真题2016年考研英语真题解析IntroductionThe Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is one of the most important and challenging exams for students aspiring to pursue a higher education degree in an English-speaking country. In this article, we will analyze and discuss the 2016 GRE English exam, providing insights and strategies to help students better prepare for this demanding test.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section is designed to evaluate a candidate's ability to comprehend and analyze written passages. It consists of multiple-choice questions and requires a strong command of vocabulary, as well as critical thinking skills.One of the passages in the 2016 exam focused on the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. The passage discussed various factors contributing to the alteration of oceanic biodiversity and emphasized the importance of conservation efforts. To succeed in this section, candidates should underline keywords, identify the main idea of each paragraph, and practice time management to ensure they can complete all the questions within the allocated time frame.Section 2: Sentence Equivalence and Text CompletionThis section assesses a test taker's understanding of the meaning of words and phrases in context. It includes both sentence equivalencequestions, where students must select two choices that produce sentences with the same meaning, and text completion questions, where students fill in the blanks with appropriate words.An example of a sentence equivalence question from the 2016 exam is as follows:"Although the children grew up in the same neighborhood, their personalities and interests were ________."To excel in this section, candidates should develop a strong vocabulary by learning new words and their contextual usage. They should practice identifying the relationships between words and understand how they connect to form coherent and meaningful sentences.Section 3: Analytical WritingThe analytical writing section consists of two tasks: analyzing an issue and analyzing an argument. For the issue task, candidates are presented with a statement and are required to provide arguments supporting or opposing it. In the argument task, test takers must critically assess the reasoning behind a given argument and provide a well-structured analysis.In the 2016 exam, the issue task focused on the ethical implications of animal testing, while the argument task evaluated the validity of a proposal to implement a new public transportation system in a city. To demonstrate strong analytical writing skills, candidates should develop a clear and concise thesis statement, provide relevant examples and evidence, and carefully structure their essays with well-constructed paragraphs.ConclusionThe 2016 GRE English exam posed significant challenges for test takers, requiring a high level of language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and time management abilities. By actively practicing reading comprehension, expanding vocabulary, and honing analytical writing skills, candidates can greatly enhance their chances of success in this rigorous examination.Remember, diligent preparation is key to achieving your desired scores on the GRE English exam. Good luck!。
2016年考研英语真题及解析全(纯干货)
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence __1__ firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. __2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking __3__ for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the __4__ and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would __5__ the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness __6__ by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.__7__ enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were __8__. But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities __9__ why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various __10__ that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was __11__ to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally __12__ even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors __13__ to “less con fined decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__ managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was __15__ stronger in places where happiness was spread more __16__. Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least __18__ at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help __19__ how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and __20__ R&D more t han the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart A:Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points)Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instan ce, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” l anguage they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem and organize the results — apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ______.[A] complete future job training [B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses [D] perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their ______.[A] experience [B] academic backgrounds[C] career prospects [D] interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ______.[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______.[A] compete with a future army of programmers[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax” (Para.6) is closest in meaning to ______.[A] challenge [B] persuade [C] frighten [D] misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands —once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe sa id.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far, environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough. “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is ______.[A] its drastically decreased population[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] the insistence of private landowners27. The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______.[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer agencies in action[C] granted less federal regulatory power[D] went against conservation policies28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ______.[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______.[A] the federal government [B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners [D] the states30. Jay Lininger would most likely support ______.[A] industry groups [B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups [D] the plan under challengeText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to fre e up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning —or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading —useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future come s at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too — providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because ______.[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ______.[A] update their to-do lists [B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through [D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps ______.[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set [B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading [D] achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if ______.[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be ______.[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading [B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals [D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is ______.[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ______.[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ______.[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that ______.[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C] His p arents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part B:Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra Subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[1] Be silly[2] Have fun[3] Ask for help[4] Express your emotions[5] Don’t overthink it[6] Be easily pleased[7] Notice thingsAs adults, it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than wedo as grownups. Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41. _____________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then——again, like children——move on.42. _____________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was over joyed, and couldn’t stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will he the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43. ______________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44. ___________The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with- work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important th at we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) -it doesn't matte r, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.45. __________Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.” And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see,and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV Writing47. Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1) thank him, and2) give your advice.You should write about 100 words on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 point)48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语（二）真题答案Section I Use of English1.C2.B3.D4.C5.D6.B7.A8.D9.A10.B11.A12.B13.A14.D15.C16.D17.C18.C19.A20.BSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart A21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.C28.A29.D30.C31.D32.B33.D34.A35.B36.B37.C38.D39.D40.CPart B41.C42.E43.A44.B45.DSectionⅢTranslation【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客尽可能长时间的停留在店中。
备战gre填空 你急需真题解析!
备战gre填空?你急需真题解析!2016年5月8日的新gre填空考试，虽已结束多日，可鉴于不少童鞋还不是很清楚此次的gre 填空真题，天道小编决定，在接下来的文章中，与备战gre填空的孩纸们分享并解析，还请大家一定要仔细阅读!更多gre资讯，尽在天道教育!准备新gre填空考试，同学们决对离不开真题的辅助!出于这点，下面，天道小编特地为同学们带来了5月8日的gre填空真题，一起来看!5月8日gre填空考试真题回忆单空题：While the writer was bestknown for her much-ballyhooed ______, her impact reached far beyond memorablequips.A. pensivenessB. drollnessC. stoicismD. fastidiousnessE. congenially答案：B解析：作家影响力很大，不仅仅只是一些传世的讽刺语。
pensiveness ：沉思;drollness：幽默诙谐;stoicism：坚忍克己; fastidiousness：一丝不苟;congenially：先天的。
这里要是讽刺语的同义词，所以要选择幽默诙谐，也就是drollness。
双空题：Managers who categorically squelch insights from low-tiered employees run the obvious hazard of (i)_____creativity; conversely, these very same managers are more likely to (ii)_____any ideas that flow down from the top brass.blank I blank IIfomenting unquestioningly embracesmothering arbitrarily denouncesparking conditionally approve答案：smothering; unquestioningly embrace解析：忽视底层员工见解的经理可能会打击创造力，但就也是这些人不管领导说什么都会支持。
2016 考研英语 真题与答案分析
1。 A。by way of B。with regard to C。on behalf of D。as well as
2。 A。decide on B。provide for C。compete with D。adapt to
3。 A。 close B。 arrange C。 renew D。 postpone
16。 A。wherever B。whatever C。whenever D。however
17。 A。 changed B。 brought C。 shaped D。 pushed
18。 A。invested B。divided C。donated D。withdrawn
19。 A。 warms B。 clears C。 shows D。 breaks
Divorce is legal and easy to __14__， but not common。 Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval。 Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage， and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally。 Divorced persons may remarry， but a gender prejudice __19__up。 The divorced male doesn‘t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months。
8。 A。 test B。 copy C。 recite D。 create
2016考研英语真题及答案详细解析(跨考教育文字版)
2016考研英语真题及答案详细解析(跨考教育文字版)2016考研英语真题及答案详细解析考研英语是考生们备战考研的重要科目之一，了解往年的真题及答案对于备考者来说至关重要。
本文将为大家带来2016年考研英语真题及答案的详细解析，希望能够帮助考生们更好地备考。
第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语中的重点和难点之一，下面我们先来看看2016年的阅读理解题目及答案。
Passage 1题目：The influence of individualism and collectivism on motivation in the workplace答案解析：题目提到了个体主义和集体主义对工作场所动机的影响，接下来文章将从这两个方面进行详细解析。
在个体主义文化中，个人的动机往往来自于追求个人的利益和成就感，强调个体的独立性。
相反，在集体主义文化中，集体的目标和利益更重要，个体往往会为集体的利益而工作。
因此，个体主义和集体主义的不同价值导向影响了工作场所的动机。
Passage 2题目：The relationship between job satisfaction and productivity in the workplace答案解析：本题是关于工作满意度和生产力之间关系的阅读题。
文中指出，工作满意度与员工的工作效率和生产力之间存在着积极的关联。
工作满意度高的员工更愿意投入工作，更有创造力，从而提高工作的质量和效率。
因此，提高员工的工作满意度可以促进工作场所的生产力。
第二部分：完形填空完形填空是考研英语中的另一重要部分，下面我们来看2016年的完形填空题目及答案。
题目：The importance of critical thinking in today's society答案解析：本题围绕当今社会中批判性思维的重要性展开。
批判性思维是一种能力，使人们能够分析和评估信息的有效性和可靠性，从而做出明智的决策和判断。
2016年5月8日gre阅读真题全解析!
2016年5月8日gre阅读真题全解析!正在紧张备战gre阅读的童鞋们，可千万不要出现gre真题不重要想法哦!要知道，不管是哪个部分，不管是哪类考试，机经的作用远超想像。
因此，在今天的文章中，天道小编就为同学们准备了2016年5月8日的gre阅读真题解析。
倘若您还不造本次考试的内容的话，那就赶快与小编一起走进今天的文章吧!更多gre机经，尽在天道教育!2016年5月8日这一天，同学们迎来了5月份第一场gre阅读考试。
那么，在这场考试中，都考了哪些题目呢?别急!下面，小编准备了这一天的gre阅读真题，相信一定能够帮到你!5月8日gre机经如下：【Section1】长文章——西班牙教堂建筑与Kiva【内容大意】【第一段】建筑形态学研究的是变化的文化和环境条件如何产生建筑形式变化。
当应用到位于现在美国西南部那些展现出17-18世纪西班牙殖民地建筑风格那些新墨西哥教堂时，建筑形态学展现了很多关于美国土著文化是如何改变西班牙传教士们的欧洲教堂建筑风格的，而这些传教士原本想讲那些土著人传化成基督徒。
【第二段】很多对于这些教堂的研究仔细地记录了它们独特建筑建筑形式的设计和历史。
大部分人把这些教堂建筑和16世纪欧洲教堂的不同归因于当地的气候和less-mechanized的建筑技术。
确实，这些由于人工和当地材料的局限性带来的限制使得与欧洲最初的建筑模式不同成为一种必需。
但是这样一种适应于西南地区生活的教堂的出现的根源并非材料和技术，而是更根本的东西。
新的建筑来源于西班牙殖民者和当地土著社会双方文化力量，两种文化力量都具备这样一种关于空间和概念表达的竞争性思想。
【第三段】比如，传教士教堂和当地的Kiva建筑有一些共性，Kiva是西南地区土著美国人建造的位于地下的用作宗教仪式作用的圆形房间。
就像它想去替代的Kiva，传教士的教堂有很厚的土砖墙，一个地下的楼梯，以及一到两个小窗户。
和欧洲传统模式一样，这些教堂的天花板要比传统的Kiva高。
2016年GRE填空部分真题及答案
1.In a production process that is complex and often unpredictable, roles that start out discretely defined may become quite__*A.confusedB. perfunctoryC. independentD. overtE. exacting2.We often regard natural phenomena like rainfall as mysterious and unpredictable; although for short time spans and particular places they appear so, in fact on a truly global scale, nature has been a model of __A.ReliabilityB. DiversityC. ComplexityD. PlasticityE. Discontinuity3.The laboratory maze has ever grown ever less __ since it was invented instead of hoping to lose a rodent ina labyrinth, today’s scientists design mazes to elicit a few simple, easily measurable behaviors.*A.IntricateB. ExtensiveC. EffectiveD. ConvolutedE. UsefulF. Prevalent4.While the writer was best known for her much-ballyhooed __ , her impact reached far beyond memorable quips.A.PensivenessB. DrollnessC. StoicismD. FastidiousnessE. Congeniality5.While people complain about their hectic lives and demanding schedules, one might be justified in suspecting that they are being somewhat __: compulsive busyness seems to be, for many, a source of __.A.DisingenuousB. GuardedC. DilatoryD. prideE. despairF. irritation6.Both very good and very had books are easy to review. Praise and __ come easily. But what of books that contain a muddle of virtues and vices? Here the reminder’s task is more __: the author’s useful and thought provoking observations need to be __ the useless tedious.A.AmbivalenceB. ComplimentC. CensureD. evidentE. demandingF. manageableG. supplanted by H. sifted from I. overshadowed by7.The author argued that the field of sociology has been overly __, partly because, for many scholars, the edges of the social universe are defined by national borders. In this era of increasing globalization, however, sociology is presented with a historically distinct opportunity to transcend its former __*A.Narrow in scopeB. Susceptible to fadsC. Averse to empiricismD. utilitarianismE. parochialismF. historicism8.Those who took Clark’s old-mannered compliance for obsequiousness ____ him: his apparent ____ veiled a fervent ____ of the authority that others exercised over him, one that he occasionally expressed by discreetly sabotaging their most important projects.A.MisconstrueB. CondemnedC. RespectedD. cynicismE. acquiescenceF. intractabilityG. veneration H. justification I. detestation9.Although movie critic Pauline Kael had the distaste for sycophancy, he also had the need for ___，and as a consequence of his competing feelings, he often showed a ____ signals to his relatives and friends.A.SolitudeB. ObeisanceC. ClarityD. directE. subtleF. mixed10.When studying the ancient Greek astronomers, Copernicus realized that despite the intrinsic beauty of many of their arguments, the ancients often made claims that __ logic. *A.RefutedB. questionedC. influencedD. swayedE. defiedF. disregarded11.The contemporary trend whereby fashion designers flout mainstream tradition is unique only in its __ ; earlier fashion designers experienced the same __ impulse, albeit in a less extreme form. *A.SubversivenessB. intensityC. palpabilityD. indiscriminateE. iconoclasticF. temperate12.For all the __ new CEO has received from the press recently, her staffs have a decidedly less rosy view of her.A.EncomiumsB. tributesC. evaluationsD. critiquesE. attentionF. publicity13.The experimental theater company’s members know that their performances __ an audi ence, that they were dense and unpredictable and not always easy to digest. But none of the techniques used would be __ anyone with an interest in music or films. Indeed, they would seem strange only to people who expected to see traditionally crafted play s. The actors therefore felt that theater critics’ derisive commentary showed only that the critics __ the company’s work.A.Made demands onB. had to commandC. were sure to pleaseB.contemplated by E. alien to F. intuitive for G. lambasted H. exploited I. misunderstood14.With the emergence of scientific history-writing in the late nineteenth century, several authors sought to ignore the glowing myths surrounding George Washington and uncover the human being within, but their biographies were still __ enough that Washington remained a marbled and remote figure. Indeed, by the 1920s Washington had become such __ personage that inevitably someone had to go to the other extreme and try to __ the legend.A.PonderousB. empiricalC. laudatoryD. a deifiedE. an ignoredF. a misunderstoodG. debunk H. aggrandize I. reproduceA;A;AD;B;AD CEH;AE;AEI;BF;EF BE;AB;AEI;CDG1.Apparent flaws in the sculptor’s work have not __ its respectful reception by most modern critics. **A.DeterminedB. controlledC. underminedD. preventedE. overshadowedF. precluded2.Flawed as it may be for it is constructed by subjective scientists, science itself has methods that help us __ our bias and talk about objective reality with some validity.A.BypassB. reduceC. exacerbateD. magnifyE. acknowledgeF. circumvent3.Congratulation factors are useful proteins whose simple names –many are known by Roman numerals -- __their importance and the specificity of their roles in the thinning and clotting of blood.A.NullifyB. obviateC. mitigateD. belieE. maskF. accentuate4.The material covered in this article has been __ in previous publications, and since currently neglected areas remained unexplored, the article contains no __.A.SkirtedB. scrutinizedC. counteredD. revelationsE. distortionsF. conclusions5.Aerial views of the gigantic stone horse attributed to the Native American Queehuan people fail to __ the considerable artistry required to create the places: the horse appeared crudely constructed unless carefully examined from the ground.A.RevealB. justifyC. manifestD. mitigateE. diminishF. undercutDF;AF;DE;BD;AC1.The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to its counterparts in other nations. It remains this potency partly because its control of the nation’s banking system is __ governmental interference, and thus its actions remain largely __.A.Unencumbered byB. replete withC. hindered byD. compulsoryE. discretionaryF. bureaucratic2.Although trains may use energy more __ than do automobiles, the latter move only when they contain at least one occupant, whereas railway carriages spend a considerable amount of time running up and down tracks __, or nearly so.vishlyB. efficientlyC. routinelyD. vacantE. unimpededF. overloaded3.The uniquely human ability to rethink and revise our social arrangements is a weird blessing, allowing us to create systems that are as likely to __ us as to liberate us.A.CheerB. shackleC. admonishD. educateE. stifleF. enliven4.Even if he wants to serve again –and given his obvious love for the job, the assumption among insiders is that he is more likely to stay than go—there is at least one __ his serving another term.A.Impediment toB. incentive forC. precedent forD. benefit inE. rationale for5.One __ is that so far, Web services have turned out to be much harder to deliver than their champions had hoped.A.HopeB. snagC. prospectD. hitchE. upshotF. reason6.The author paints a rather dark picture of book publishing as a hidebound industry, one that is facing a profound change in its mode of production but is so __ its past as to be __ opportunities offered by technological change. **A.Alienated fromB. emboldened byC. encumbered byD. eager to exploitE. unable to seizeF. forced to reconsider7.After many years of feeling __ by his senior managers, Clark was becoming hopeful of advancement.A.VilifiedB. stymiedC. hinderedD. aggrievedE. circumventedF. overlooked8.The space travels described in science fiction stories always used to be epic adventures, in comparison to which current journals in space seem quite __.A.MundaneB. riskyC. excitingD. heroicE. dramatic9.The characters in this comic strip fret about the __ of their “little counterculture lives”, especially when terrible things are happening in the world, but the cartoonist makes their lives __ in ways that do not seem __ at all. Real things happen here – births, deaths, adoptions, affairs, breakups, commitments, ceremonies, civil union –and they matter.A.UnpredictabilityB. arduousnessC. trivialityD. stagnateE. resonateF. competeG. outlandish H. inconsequential I. intangible10.Although field studies have linked inbreeding to declines among song sparrow populations, some researchers argue that, in nature, inbreeding proves __ as a factor when compared with crushing blows from weather changes.A. hazardousB. momentousC. trivialD. significantE. precariousF. inconsequential11.Though the volume of radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants is __ the problem of how to dispose of that waste is not: rather, it is of major importance.A.UnmanageableB. troublingC. significantD. smallE. deceptive12.Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenous species, nevertheless most introduced species that survived in fact appear to have quite __ effects on the ecosystem they have invaded.A.MarkedB. conspicuousC. minimalD. intriguingE. triflingF. deleterious13.The __ nature of the candi date’s comments is calculated. As a long-standing target of critics who regard him as a radical, he understands that he needs to be as __ as possible if he is to overcome those critiques and appear as a __ leader.A.OpprobriousB. platitudinousC. pugnaciousD. innocuousE. truculentF. superciliousG. polarizing H. cautious I. conciliatory14.Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily __: each may, and usually does, possess the features of the other.A.DichotomousB. untenableC. unsustainableD. contradictoryE. subversiveF. efficaciousler reminded his client that labor relations are inherently __: the interests of business owners are diametrically opposed to those of the employees.A.ConstantB. immutableC. changeableD. variableE. antagonisticF. adversarial16.Since some contemporary western dieticians believe that the only function of food is to provide nourishment, these dieticians view an emphasis on the aesthetic dimension of the culinary art as __.A.UnprecedentedB. unwarrantedC. illuminatingD. groundlessE. promisingF. novel17.Despite her rather __ choices, Moreland was neither a rebellious spirit nor someone who saw herself as anything out of the ordinary. **A.UnconventionalB. impracticalC. quirkyD. flamboyantE. successfulF. lucrative18.The medical professor’s thesis -- hardly new, but rarely __ by a faculty member of his distinction – is that patients are more than the sum of the symptoms and systems.A.DiscountedB. ignoredC. subvertedD. underestimatedE. espoused19.Many of the towns that have voted to keep incinerators in the country’s solid waste plan have done so not because the necessarily __ incinerators, but because they are __ to narrow their waste-disposal options.A.QuestionB. favorC. opposeD. willingE. eagerF. loath20.Medieval cathedrals still stand as marvels of architecture, but as far as modern science is concerned,medieval physics and chemistry are simply irrelevant, at best a dead end, at worst the very __ of what science is supposed to be. **A.ExemplarB. glorificationC. reflectionD. dilutionE. antithesis21.While recognizing that recent reports of cyberwarfare, phone-hacking scandals, and identity thefts havetended to accent the destructive connotation of the word. Sue Halpern maintains that ”hacking” is such __ term that its meaning nearly always derives from its context.A. A genericB. an inclusiveC. a positiveD. a subjectiveE. an affirmativeF. a technical22.Scientific papers often __ what actually happened in the course of the investigations they describe.Misunderstandings, blind alleys, and mistakes of various sorts will fail to appear in the final written accounts, because __ is a desirable attribute when transmitting results in a science report and would be poorly served by __.A.AmplifyB. misrepresentC. particularizeD. transparencyE. efficiencyF. exhaustivenessG. a comprehensive historical account H. a purely quantitative analysis I. an overly superficial discussion23.In protoscience times (in the ancient Greece), claims about the physical world were often accepted as true ifthey are reasonable; experimental verification, if though necessary at all, was __.A.UtilitarianB. empiricalC. perfunctoryD. inductiveE. egregious24.It is hardly __ the committee calls for: rudimentary competence would be an improvement on the currentchaos __. **A.AccountabilityB. faultlessnessC. disarrayD. loyaltyE. unrulinessF. perfection25.Culture, like speech, is primary a human faculty, although both functions may exist in a more _- form inlesser primates. *A.IndispensableB. crucialC. primitiveD. intelligibleE. recognizableF. rudimentary26.Even if the story now seems a surprisingly innocuous overture to the author’s later, more fully develope dnarrations, it __ some of the key traits of those bleaker tales.A.AvoidsB. beliesC. undercutsD. anticipatesE. possessesF. prefigures27. A new television documentary focuses on one of the prime minister’s defining contradiction, portraying heras a woman who cultivated an image of __, but who liked to live grandly.A.IrascibilityB. abstemiousnessC. contentiousnessD. surreptitiousnessE. insouciance28.The economic recovery was somewhat lopsided: __ in some of the industries economics while __ in othersof them.A.UnexpectedB. feebleC. swiftD. robustE. turbulentF. predictable29.Even the cleverest use of time management techniques is powerless to __ sum of minutes in a person’s life,so people squeeze as much as they could into each one of them.A.JustifyB. quantifyC. augmentD. enrichE. measureF. extend30.Historian Babara A. Engel’s task in writing a book about women in Russia must have been a __ one, becausethe __ the Russian empire’s peoples meant that Russian women could never be tre ated as a homogeneous group.A.MotivatingB. boringC. dauntingD. unity amongE. disinterest inF. diversity of31.Edited collections of scholarly essays generally tend to be somewhat uneven: they suffer from the __ subjectmatter of the various essays, the lack of an overarching and consistent thesis, and the variable quantity of the contributions.A.IntriguingB. disparateC. heterogeneousD. mediocreE. comprehensiveF. engaging32.Harper Lee’s narration in To kill a Mocking bird is __, mixing an adult’s and a child’s perspective according tono logic other than the immediate exigencies of the plot. **A. A paradigmB. hodgepodgeC. a modelD. an innovationE. a patchworkF. an embarrassment33.The governor might conceivably find a genuine resolution to the budgetary dilemma, but she maybetempted to engage in a deception: a _- exercise in fiscal prudence.A.RigorousB. sparkingC. speciousD. blatantE. convincing34.In a number of instances, investors hoping to tap into the region’s meteoric growth h ave instead facedproblems ranging from unpredictable management practices to outright __. **A.MalfeasanceB. incompetenceC. fraudulenceD. capriciousnessE. hysteriaF. impulsiveness35.It would be naïve to treat remarks made in diaries or personal letters as giving especially candid access tohistorical truth or even as being expressions of the writer’s true state of mind, since the __ for exaggeration and deception in those forms is virtually nonexistent. Diaries and letters are rarely sites for __.A.MotivationB. penaltyC. tendencyD. premeditated manipulationE. childish theatricsF. balanced reflection36.The employee had a reputation for fractiousness, but his coworkers found him to be, on the contrary, quite__.A.InsightfulB. affableC. sagaciousD. capableE. easygoingF. productive37.The professor’s habitual air of __ was misleading front, concealing amazing reserves of patience and a deepcommitment to his student’s learning.A.CordialityB. irascibilityC. disorganizationD. convivialityE. diffidenceF. exasperation38.In contrast such sparsely populated terrestrial habitats as desert and tundra, the oceans __ with a seeminglyendless array of creatures.A.Teem B flow C. evolve D. roil E. ebb39.For urban researcher, the long lives ancient cities can provide ample chronological data, making up for the paucity stemming from relative __ of most present-day cities.plexityB. formlessnessC. transparencyD. diversityE. youthfulness40.In mathematics, judgments about the validity of proofs are mediated by peer-reviewed journals, to ensure__, reviewers are carefully chosen by journal editors, and the identity of scholars whose papers are under consideration are kept secret. *A.TimelessnessB. originalityC. fairnessD. comprehensivenessE. objectivityF. novelty41.The museum’s compelling new architectural exhibition looks at 11 projects that around the world that havehad major __ impacts despite modest budgets. It is part of __ in the museum’s architecture and designing the department, which in the past has championed that artistic value over its real-world consequences.A.SocialB. aestheticC. criticalD. an emphasis on theoryE. a shift in philosophyF. a rejection of pragmatism42.Giv en children’s active fantasy lives, one might think of truthfulness as a young child’s __ virtue, it turns outthat lying is the more __ skill. A child who is going to lie must recognize the truth intellectually, conceive of an alternate reality, and be able to convincingly sell that new reality to someone else. Therefore, lying __ both cognitive development and social skills that honesty simply does not require.A.An instinctiveB. an acquiredC. a consciousD. advancedE. practicalF. mundaneG. undermining H. forgoes I. demands43.The researcher noted that microbes, though __, make up for more of the living protoplasm on earth than allhumans, animals and plants combined. **A.InvisibleB. omnipresentC. diminutiveD. ubiquitousE. minusculeF. ethereal44.Benjamin Franklin’s reputation is so much one of appearing scientific investigation with common senseempiricism that it is somewhat startling to realize how __ experiment a mentoring truly was.A.ReasonableB. speculativeC. pragmaticD. conjecturalE. carelessF. judicious45.Many of the unusual behaviors attributed to crows – such as drinking coffee or presenting gifts to peoplewho feed them – are based on __ and therefore fall into the category of __rather than science.A.Long-term observationB. controlled experimentsC. secondhand testimonyD. anecdoteE. speculationF. hypothesis46.Unlike most other serious journals, which drain money from their owners, the Review has long been __. Butthe formula is not without its imperfections, which have grown more pronounced in recent years. The publication has always been erudite and __ but not always lively and readable. __, accompanied by a certain aversion to risk taking, has pervaded its pages for a long time.A.LucrativeB. realisticC. esteemedD. authoritativeE. animatedF. trendyG. an originality H. an impulsiveness I. a stalenessAE;BD;BE;A;BD CE;BC;A;CEH;CF D;CE;BDI;AD;EF BD;AC;E;BF;E AB;BEG;C;BF;CFDF;B;BD;CF;CF BC;BE;C;AC;BF BE;BF;A;E;CE AE;BDI;CE;BD;CD ADI。
2016英语专八考试真题与答案解析
2016英语专⼋考试真题与答案解析QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1. A. Maggie’s university life.B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.2. A. They take exams in the same weeks.B. They have similar lecture notes.C. They apply for the same internship.D. They follow the same fashion.3. A. Having roommates.B. Practicing court trails.C. Studying together.D. Taking notes by hand.4. A. Protection.B. Imagination.C. Excitement.D. Encouragement.5. A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.B. Occasional interference from Mom.C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6. A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.B. Because parents love to return to college.C. Because kids require their parents to do so.D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.7. A. Real estate agent.B. Financier.C. Lawyer.D. Teacher.8. A. Delighted.B. Excited.C. Bored.D. Frustrated.9. A. How to make a cake.B. How to make omelets.C. To accept what is taught.D. To plan a future career.10.A. Unsuccessful.B. Gradual.C. Frustrating.D. Passionate.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes（滑⽔板）over cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’s Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with scrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.(2)Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York – every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour, if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler’s thumb.(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights tomake a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials（加⾹甜酒）so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.(4)By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived– no thin five-piece affair but a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos and low and high drums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now and are dressing upstairs; the cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile. The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductions forgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other’s names.(5)The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun and now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher. Laughter is easier, minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out at a cheerful word.(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the same breath –already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more stable, become for a sharp, joyous moment the center of a group and then excited with triumph glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light.(7)Suddenly one of these gypsies in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of the air, dumps it down for courage and moving her hands like Frisco dances out alone on the canvas platform. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goe s around that she is Gilda Gray’s understudy from the Folies. The party has begun.(8)I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited –they went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island and somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. Once there they were introduced by somebody whoknew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission.(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer – the honor would be entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attend his “little party” that night. He had seen me several times and had intended to call on me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it –signed Jay Gatsby in a majestic hand.(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wandered around rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know – though here and there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train.I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking in low earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling something: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of the easy money in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehemently any knowledge of his movements that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table – the only place in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone.11.It can be inferred form Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby ______ through the summer.A.entertained guests from everywhere every weekendB.invited his guests to ride in his Rolls-Royce at weekendsC.liked to show off by letting guests ride in his vehiclesD.indulged himself in parties with people from everywhere12.In Para.4, the word “permeate” probably means ______.A.perishB.pushC.penetrateD.perpetrate13.It can be inferred form Para. 8 that ______.A.guests need to know Gatsby in order to attend his partiesB.people somehow ended up in Gatsby’s house as guestsC.Gatsby usually held garden parties for invited guestsD.guests behaved themselves in a rather formal manner14.According to Para. 10, the author felt ______ at Gatsby’s party.A.dizzyB.dreadfulC.furiousD.awkward15.What can be concluded from Para.11 about Gatsby?A.He was not expected to be present at the parties.B.He was busy receiving and entertaining guests.C.He was usually out of the house at the weekend.D.He was unwilling to meet some of the guests.PASSAGE TWO(1)The Term “CYBERSPACE” was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry D orsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators” and “a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.”(2)His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient（有先见之明的）. Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to tap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.(3)But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- anddebit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit.(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Wider concerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance carried out by Western intelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor to America’s National Security Agency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new domain of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing. (5)Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry much about threats because the network was affiliated with America’s military. As hackers turned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.(6)On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably resilient. Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at virtual stores, swap gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.(7)But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion –a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.(8)To add to the worries, there is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. One precedent is the destruction in 2010 of centrifuges（离⼼机）at a nuclear facility in Iran by a computer program known as Stuxnet.(9)But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies and government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. For example, smarter, better-organized hackers are making life tougher for the cyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a numberof things can be done to keep everyone safer than they are now.(10)One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. All too often breaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate systems containing sensitive data from those that do not need access to them. Companies also need to get better at anticipating where attacks may be coming from and at adapting their defences swiftly in response to new threats. Technology can help, as can industry initiatives that allow firms to share intelligence about risks with each other.(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the companies that manage internet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to clean up computers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that software developers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to exploit.(12)An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. Dubbed “the internet of things”, this is already making it possible, for example, to control home appliances using smartphone apps and to monitor medical devices remotely.(13)But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet of things could easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.16.Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as ______.A. a function only legitimate computer operators haveB. a representation of data from the human systemC.an important element stored in the human systemD.an illusion held by the common computer users17.Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the firstfour paragraphs?A.Cyberspace has more benefits than defects.B.Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.C.Cyberspace symbolizes technological advance.D.Cyberspace still remains a sci-fi notion.18.According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspacesecurity are ______.A.controversial/doc/7f0db29f0aa1284ac850ad02de80d4d8d05a0163.html plimentaryC.contradictoryD.congruent19.What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?A.Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.B.The Origin of Cyber Crime.C.How to Deal with Cyber Crime.D.The Definition of Cyber Crime.PASSAGE THREE(1)You should treat skeptically the loud cries now coming from colleges and universities that the last bastion of excellence in American education is being gutted by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is not a bastion of excellence. It is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship.(2)True, the economic pressures – from the Ivy League to state systems –are intense. Last year, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts to stay within their budgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans argue) that relieving those pressures merely by raising tuitions and cutting courses will make matters worse. Students will pay more and get less. The university presidents and deans want to be spared from further government budget cuts. Their case is weak. (3)Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too little teaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of business. Consider:Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low. About 70 percent of freshmen at four-year colleges and universities attend their first-choice schools. Roughly 20 percent go to their second choices. Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize revenues (tuition and statesubsidies).●Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don’t get degrees. A recentstudy of PhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates for doctoral candidates.●The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising becausecollege standards have apparently fallen. One study of seven top schools found widespread grade inflation. In 1963, half of the students in introductory philosophy courses got a B –or worse. By 1986, only 21 percent did. If elite schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almost surely widespread.●Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In majoruniversities, senior faculty members often do less than two hours a day of teaching. Professors are “socialized to publish, teach graduate students and spend as little time teaching (undergraduates) as possible,” concludes James Fairweather of Penn State University in a new study. Faculty pay consistently rises as undergraduate teaching loads drop.●Universities have encouraged an almost mindless explosion of graduatedegrees. Since 1960, the number of masters’ degrees awarded annually has risen more than fourfold to 337,000. Between 1965 and 1989, the annual number of MBAs (masters in business administration) jumped from 7,600 to 73,100.(4)Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as many freshmen as possible through the door, regardless of qualifications. Because bachelors’ degrees are so common, we create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has improved management?(5)You won’t hear much about this from college deans or university presidents. They created this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties. More graduate students liberate tenured faculty from undergraduate teaching to concentrate on writing and research: the source of status. Richard Huber, a former college dean, writes knowinglyin a new book (“How Professors Play the Cat Guarding the Cream: Why We’re Paying More and Getting Less in Higher Education”): Presidents, deans and trustees ... call for more recognition of good teaching with prizes and salary incentives.(6)The reality is closer to the experience of Harvard University’s distinguished paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould: “To be perfectly honest, though lip service is given to teaching, I have never seriously heard teaching consideredin any meeting for promotion... Writing is the currency of prestige and promotion.”(7)About four-fifths of all students attend state-subsidized systems, from community colleges to prestige universities. How governors and state legislatures deal with their budget pressures will be decisive. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions. The states need to do three things.(8)First, create genuine entrance requirements. Today’s low sta ndards tell high school students: You don’t have to work hard to go to college. States should change the message by raising tuitions sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit and income. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally, the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools would then compete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today’s system of general tuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don’t need it or to unqualified students who don’t deserve it.(8)Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads, mainly at four-year schools. (Teaching loads at community colleges are already high.) This would cut costs and reemphasize the primacy of teaching at most schools. What we need are teachers who know their fields and can communicate enthusiasm to students. Not all professors can be path-breaking scholars. The excessive emphasis on scholarship generates many unread books and mediocre articles in academic journals. “You can’t do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching),” says Fairweather. “People are working hard –it’s just where they’re working.”(10)Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs. Journalism (now dubbed “communications”), business and education are prime candidates. A lot of what they teach can – and should – be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did a better job of teaching undergraduates, there would be less need for graduate degrees.(11)Our colleges and universities need to provide a better education to deserving students. This may mean smaller enrollments, but given today’s attrition rates, the number of graduates need not drop. Higher education could become a bastion of excellence, if we would only try.20.It can be concluded from Para.3 that the author was ______ towards theeducation.A.indifferentB.neutralC.positiveD.negative21.The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT______.A.high dropout ratesB.low admission standardsC.low undergraduate teaching loadsD.explosion of graduate degrees22.In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states doall the following EXCEPT ______.A.set entrance requirementsB.raise faculty teaching loadsC.increase undergraduate programsD.reduce useless graduate programs23.“Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as ________.A.euphemismB.metaphorC.analogyD.personification24.What is the author’s main argument in the passage?A.American education can remain excellent by ensuring state budget.B.Professors should teach more undergraduates than postgraduates.C.Academic standard are the main means to ensure educational quality.D.American education can remain excellent only by raising teaching quality. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS In this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.From the description of the party preparation, what words can you see to depictGatby’s party?26.How do you summarize the party scene in Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.What do the cases of Target, Adobe and eBay in Para. 3 show?28.Why does the author say the task is becoming harder in Para. 7?29.What is the conclusion of the whole passage?PASSAGE THREE30.What does the author mean by saying “Their case is weak” in Para. 2?31.What does “grade inflation” in Para. 3 mean?32.What does the author mean when he quotes Richard Huber in Para. 5?PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” signand write the word you believe to be missing in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.流逝，表现了南国⼈对时间最早的感觉。
2016年5月雅思真题回忆及解析
2016年5月雅思真题回忆及解析信念和斗志宜聚，懈怠和悲观宜散，我们的斗志因信念而燃起，不懈怠、不悲观，落实每一个知识点。
无忧考网搜集整理了2016年5月雅思真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。
2016年5月举行了4场考试，时间分别为5月7日、5月19日、5月21日、5月28日。
以下内容仅供参考。
5月7日雅思口语真题回忆：Part 1考题总结考题总结：Hometown1.Where are you from?2.Do you like your hometown?3.Is your hometown suitable for children to live in?4.Where do you live in your hometown, a house or a flat?5.Where would you bring a tourist to in your hometown?6.Can you tell me something about a tourism site in your hometown?7.Would you like to live there in the future?Your studies1.Do you work or are you a student?2.What's your major? Have you ever communicated about your major with your friends?3.Will you study with others in the future? Why?4.What is your plan for your future study?5.When you study, do you feel happy?6.What’s your favorite subject? What do like most about it?7.Do you enjoy your school life? What are the benefits of being a student?8.What do you usually do after class?Flat1.Do you live in a house or an apartment/flat/dorm?2.What room do you like best in your flat?3.Describe your bedroom.4.Do you want to move to another place in the future?Staying home1.How long do you usually stay home?2.Do you prefer to stay home or go out?3.Would you stay home longer in the future?Dance1.Do you like to dance?2.Do people in your country dance?3.What kinds of dancing are popular in your country?Parks1.Do you like to go to park?2.What do you do there?Music1.Do you like to listen to music?2.What kinds of music do you like?3.How often do you listen to music?Weekends1.Do you think weekends are important?2.What do you do on weekend?3.What will you do next weekend?Drawing1.Do you like drawing?2.Do you often visit art museums?3.When did you learn to draw?Part 2&3考题总结P2 A piece of clothing you received.A family (not your own) that you like.A person who has an important job.River pollution.A skill you started to learn when you were small.A kind of food you first ate.A ideal job you want.a piece of news from newspaper or magazine.A toy you liked in your childhood.P3 1.Do you think drawing can improve one’s creativity?2.Do people like to watch films in cinemas or at home?3.How to improve the environment?4.Why do people like to keep old things?5.What duties should a parent have to raise kids?6.How to maintain the relationship (between people) in China?雅思口语趋势分析和备考指导雅思5月考试中出现一部分新轮换题，5月的考生注意每次考试后的考题总结，以之前复习的内容为主，灵活使用各个题卡相关内容。
考研英语二跨考2016真题及答案解析（完整版）【4】
考研英语二跨考2016真题及答案解析（完整版）【4】【全文翻译】快乐的人工作起来会有不同。
他们更多产，更有创造力，也更愿意去冒险。
近期的一项研究表明快乐也可能会影响公司的工作。
根据近期的研究报告，在各地的公司里，拥有更多快乐的员工会投入的更多。
尤其是那些在快乐氛围中的公司会做更多的研发以及发展。
因为快乐与对未来投资有必要的长远考虑相联系。
这是因为对未来进行投资需要作出长远决策，而这种决策与快乐相关。
研究者希望了解乐观精神和随快乐而来的冒险精神是否会改变公司投资的方式。
因此，他们把盖洛普咨询公司所评估出的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃度进行对比。
足以肯定的是，公司投资和研发力度与公司总部所在地的幸福指数相关。
但是幸福真的与投资相关吗?或者说幸福指数更高的城市的其他方面能够说明公司为何加大研发投入。
为了弄清这一点，研究者掌握了多种可能促使公司投资的因素，例如规模，产业，销售，也掌握了各种指标，如适宜居住地，工资涨幅及人口变化。
了解这些问题后，幸福与投资的关系就能够轻松得出了。
幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司，这是因为新公司所做决定会偏草率，而且年轻的新经理决策时更容易受情绪影响。
同样，这种关系在员工幸福指数相同的公司尤为明显。
公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门。
然而这并不证明是幸福导致公司大量投资，或者从长远的角度来讲，研究人员认为至少它预示着这种可能性。
不难想象，本地文化以及情感有助于影响高管对于未来的看法。
“快乐的人比普通人有预见性、创造力、更善于研发这种说法似乎更可信。
”一位研究者说。
Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie M ellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwor k, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curric ulum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t d rop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem andorganize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers —in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A. complete future job trainingB. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A. experienceB. academic backgroundsC. career prospectsD. interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.A. help students learn other computer languagesB. have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC. need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A. compete with a future army of programmersB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. bring forth innovative computer technologies。
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2016年5月8日写作机经Issue题目1. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.2. The best way to solve environmental problems caused by consumer-generated waste is for towns and cities to impose strict limits on the amount of trash theywill accept from each household.3. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its peoplequestion authority.Argument题目1. A recently issued twenty-year study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia investigated the possible therapeutic effect of consuming salicylates. Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin,a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, food-processing companies also add salicylates to foods as preservatives. The twenty-year study found a correlation between the rise in the commercial use of salicylates and a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by study participants. At the time when the study concluded, food-processing companies had just discovered that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods, and, as a result, many companies plan to do so. Based on these study results, some health experts predict that residents of Mentia will suffer even fewer headaches in the future.2. A recent sales study indicates that consumption of seafood dishes in Bay City restaurants has increased by 30 percent during the past five years. Yet there are no currently operating city restaurants whose specialty is seafood. Moreover, the majority of families in Bay City are two-income families, and a nationwide study has shown that such families eat significantly fewer home-cooked meals than they did a decade ago but at the same time express more concern about healthful eating. Therefore, the new Captain Seafood restaurant that specializes in seafood should be quite popular and profitable.3. In an attempt to improve highway safety, Prunty County last year lowered its speed limit from 55 to 45 miles per hour on all county highways. But this effort has failed: the number of accidents has not decreased, and, based on reports by the highway patrol, many drivers are exceeding the speed limit. Prunty County should instead undertake the same kind of road improvement project that Butler County completed five years ago: increasing lane widths, resurfacing rough highways, and improving visibility at dangerous intersections. Today, major Butler County roadsstill have a 55 mph speed limit, yet there were 25 percent fewer reported accidentsin Butler County this past year than there were five years ago.2016年5月8日填空机经1.曾经看起来是a quixotic vision-the "Subway to the Sea"，把LA的Union station和太平洋的SM联系起来—不再变得如此______.参考答案：impracticable解析，切入点so，指代前面提到的特点quixotic，找同义词。
其他选项：prescient，banal，viable，beneficial2.List 可以 are at once______and______,既记录所有的项目，又有每个个体的单独什么什么，参考答案：comprehensive和discontinuity解析：这两空根据后面内容确定，记录所有和个体有相反的意味，前者对应详尽，后者对应单独。
3.全球石油需求之前一直在增加, 但是它缓解了because China’s surge in oi l consumption had (i) _____. Moreover, 高的油价本身 started to act as a short-term (ii) _____the global economy, thus further dampening demand.Blank (i) Blank (ii)(A) spread (D) spur to(B) commenced (E) drag on(C) slowed (F) panacea for参考答案：CE解析：从because切入，第一空对应石油需求缓解，两者同方向，选C;第二空从thus切入，前后同向，即和dampening demand 同方向，选E.4.(i) _____, we can safely infer causality by appealing to 一些原理 (牛顿物理学,for example) that are well understood and已经表明可以被运用到 comparably straightforward circumstances. 但是, for the opposing class, which consists of (ii)_____systems 比如全球经济, 人类物理学,or 人类想法, explanations of singular events are usually (iii) _____, absent the requisite accounting for the intricate dynamics of such systems.Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)(A) In unknown settings (D) complex (G) consistent(B) For complicated events (E) homogenous (H) unjustified(C) In simple situations (F) equivalent (I) unequivocal参考答案：CDH解析：第一空对应 straightforward circumstances 找同向词 simple选C，第二空从opposing切入第二空是第一句状态的反面，选D第三空满足singular 运用到Complex之后的效果，两者冲突，选H。
5.很多研究者假设政客在做决定的时候会考虑the entire public的看法而不只是那些可能的投票者。
但是因为想要被再次选上的想法在他们心中处于中心地位，所以有可能政客在做决定时会(i)______ 潜在投票者的想法。
有可能那些研究者的假设关于政客的(ii)______ aggregate public 的看法可能会(iii)______这样一个事实即只有真正潜在的投票者才是重要的。
参考答案：三空分别是Attend disproportionately to, Responsiveness to, Mask解析：第一空切入点为因果关系，空格填一个能反应政客看重潜在投票者的选项;第二课研究者的假设对应第一句，选反应他们考虑整个public的选项;第三个空前后意思相反，选mask.2016年5月8日阅读机经长文章西班牙教堂建筑与Kiva建筑形态学研究的是变化的文化和环境条件如何产生建筑形式变化。