毕业设计翻译(果园喷雾机)

United States Patent Fig] Smith
(54] ORCHARD SPRAYING MACHINES
[75] Inventor: Anthony Pawson Smith, Stockbury,
England
[73] Assignee: Drake & Fletcher Limited, England [22] Filed: May 14, 1975
[21] Appl. No.: 577,454
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data
May !6, 1974 United Kingdom ............. 2 1789/74 [52) U.S. Cl. ................................................. 239J77 [ 51 ] Int. Cl.' ......................................... A01N 17/08 [58] Field of Search ................................ 239/77, 78
(56] References Cited
UNITED STATES PATENTS
2,538,879 1 /195 I New comb et at. .................. 239J78 2,587,240 2/1952 Spreng ................................. 239J77 2,618,508 I I / i 952 Daugherty ........................... 239J77 2,620,230 12/1952 Hait ..................................... 239J78 2,686,990 8/ 1954 Matthews ........................ 239/77 X 2,925,222 2/1960 Spreng ............................. 239J77 X 3,097,794 7Jl963 Oawson ............................... 239/78 3,227,3761Jl966 Rittenhouse.........................239/78 3,385,52 1 5Jl968 Ballu ................................... 239/77
FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS
154,04 8 4/ 1956 Sweden ............................... 239/78
Primary :a‹zminer—J ohn J. Love
Attorne y, Agent, or Firm —Oblon, Fisher, Spivak, McClelland & Mater
[57] ABSTRACT
The invention relates to orchard spraying machines in which a vehicular frame carries a chamber housing a fan disposed with its axis horizontal to draw air into the chamber. The fan forces air through peripheral outlets in the chamber in a direction substantially radially of the fan axis to entrain, as a spray, insecticidal or other material discharged into the ejected air stream. In the improvements provided by the invention, the fan is located at the front of the chamber to blow air through an open front end thereof and, additionally or alterna- tively, the chamber is divided downstream of the fan into a plurality of axially extending air passages spaced angularly about the fan axis.
11 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures
I89‘6 I0‘›p j o ; l aaq i£6I ‘9Z I»°v jua3e a ’s’n
U.S. Patent April 26, 1977 Sheet 2 of 4 4,019,682
U.S.Patent April26,1977Sheet3of44,019,682
U.S.Patent April26,1977Sheet4of44,019,682
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ORCHARDSPRAWNGMACHINES
This invention relates to spraying for horticulture and like purposes, and provides an improved spraying ma- chine of the kind comprising a vehicular frame havin 8 mounted thereon a chamber housing a fan disposed
with its axis horizontal to draw air into the chamber and
to force it through peripheral outlets in the casing in a
direction substantially radially of the fan axis and
means discharging material to be sprayed into the
ejected air stream whereby said material is estrained in
said air stream. Spraying machines of said kind are
knoum as “orchard spraying machines” and will be
referred to such hereinafter. In known orchard spraying machines, the fan is lo- cated at the rear of the frame (relative to the direction of travel thereof during spraying) to draw air into a rearwardly facing open end of the chamber. Such an arrangement has the disadvantage of permitting the fan to suck in dust, leaves and spray made airborne by the forward movement of the machine and, when it is not self-propelled (as usual), the towing vehicle. In particu- far, the force of the spray generated by the machine dislodges leaves from trees being sprayed and these leaves are drawn towards the fan. It is usual practice to provide a mesh guard over the rear end of the chamber to prevent ingress of the leaves but the leaves cling to the guard and reduce the air intake into the chamber. Further, in said known machines air is allowed to circu- late substantially freely in the chamber and, in particu- far, to swirl about the fan axis. Accordingly, they are inefficient both in terms of power usage and spray control. To the best of the Inventor’s knowledge about half-a- million orchard spraying machines have been manufac- tured over a period of about 35 years by more than 50 different companies and every one of them has suffered from at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages. He has now devised simple yet effective improvements to orchard spraying machines which overcome, or at least reduce substantially, those disadvantages. According to a first embodiment of the present in- vention, there is provided an orchard spraying machine in which the chamber has a forwardly facing open end and the fan is mounted in said end. According to a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an orchard spraying ma- chine in which the chamber is divided downstream of the fan into a plurality of axially extending air passages spaced angularly about the fan axis, each passage com- municating with one or more respecfive peripheral air outlets. In a preferred embodiment an orchard spraying ma- chine of the invention incorporates the features of both of said first and second embodiments. Conveniently the vehicular frame is a trailer adapted to be towed by (and to receive power from) an agricul- tural tractor, and the open, intake, end of the chamber The air passages of the second embodiment suitably are defined by a plurality of angularly spaced vanes extending radially of the fan axis. Preferably, the air
passages have respective curve surfaces to smoothly direct air towards the air outlets. It is also preferred that guide plates are provided at the air outlets to con-
trol the direction of emission of the air flowing out from the various passages. These guide plates can direct all of the air leaving the air outlets sideways of the ma- chine, suitably within an angularly spaced pair of arcs each between 300 below horizontal to 400 above hori- zontal. The means discharging spraying material into the air streams can comprise a spray boom having noz- zles pointing in the direction of air flow and located 15 between the outlet ends of guide plates when the latter are provided. The invention will be clearly understood from the following description of one form (given, however, merely by way of example J which it may assume, and 20 this description will be more readily followed by refer- ence to the accompanying drawings wherein FIG. 1 represents in side elevation a trailer support- ing a spraying device in accordance with the invention: FIG. 2 represents a slightly enlarged cross-sectional 25 view of the rear end of the air chamber in the plane A —A of FIG. 1: FIG. 3 represents a sectional view of the plane B —B of FIG. 2: FIG. 4 represents a front view of an alternative ar- rangement of air-distributing means which may be em — ployed in place of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2: FIG. 5 represents an enlarged sectional view in the plane C —C of FIG. 4: FIG. 6 represents yet another air —distributing device: 35 and FIG. 7 represents an enlarged view of part of the device shown in FIG. 6, illustrating angular dispostion of the outlet m ouths. In carrying the invention into effect in one conve- 40 nient manner, as shown in the aforesaid drawings, a horticultural or like spraying apparatus comprises a trailer frame 1 on wheels 2 with a towbar 3 f or attach- ment to a t ractor. A transmission shaft 4 i s p rovided for attachment to the power take-off shaft of the tractor in 45 order to drive components mounted on the trailer, as described below. On the trailer frame 1 is mounted on brackets 5 a cylindrical air chamber 6, and a tank 7 for liquid insec- ticide. In the inlet mouth of the chamber 6 is mounted on axial flow fan 8 of which the shaft 9 extends between bearings 10. The transmission shaft 4 is connected by gearing, not shown, to a shaft 11 in bearings 12. A belt 13, or preferably a chain runs over the pulleys, or toothed wheels, respectively on the shafts 9 and 11 to 55 drive the fan 8 from the power take-off shaft of a trac- tor to which the shaft 4 is connected. The rear end of the chamber 6 is closed, but has peripheral outlets for substantially radial escape of air directed into and through the chamber 6 when the fan 8 is driven.
is in this case directed to the forward, tow-bar, end of 60 the trailer. The vehicular frame of the first embodiment can carry a spraying material tank rearwardly of the cham- ber and this tank may have an agitator which can be driven mechanically from the fan. For example, the 65 agitator can be driven from the rear end of a shaft driven by the fan and extending through the tank in a fluid-tight manner. It is a feature of the invention that the open end of the chamber 6 constituting the air inlet opening is di- rected to the forward end of the trailer frame 1, i.e. forwardly in the direction of movement of the trailer when towed. This inlet mouth of the chamber 6 may be fitted svith a wire or like grid (not shown) to prevent inadvertent access when the fan is running. The air escaping from the peripheral outlets at the rear of t he chamber 6 c onstitutes an air stream to carry
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to trees, bushes and the like insecticidal spray en- When the guide plate frames are fitted to the outlet trained in the airstream when discharged from nozzles slot of the chamber 6 arid the fan is set in motion the of a spray boom 14, to which the insecticide is fed from airstream is divided by the vanes 18, and guided by the tank 7 by way of a pipe 15 to a pump 16, driven by the walls 20, 22 and the guide plates 25, to follow a desired shaft 4 andJor shaft 11, and thence by way of a pipe 17 5 flow pattern, and to carry entrained spray from the to the spray boo - boom 14 in the desired manner. It is not desired to direct insecticide to the ground, or To secure different spray patterns alternative ar- vertically into the air, and in order to avoid such W8Ste rangements of vanes 18 and guide plates 25 may be it is a further feature of the invention to provide means
for guiding and controlling the flow of air through, and
from, the chamber 6 and its outlets. With this end in view partitions inside the casing 6 and/or guide means for the air in the peripheral outlet of the casing may be provided. In one convenient arrangement, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the interior of the chamber is partitioned by a plurality of radial vanes 18 projecting from a central boss 19, and extending the full length of the chamber from a pivot just to the rear of the fan 8, to the closed rear end of the chamber 6. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 20 twelve such vanes may be provided in an equispaced angular array. These vanes cause the airstream to flow along twelve independent paths or channels, and pre- vent spiral flow. In order to guide these separate air- provided. In FIGS. 4 and 5 is shown an arrangement of
16 vanes 18 with a corresponding number of guide
plates 25 to provide a substantially parallel horizontal spraystream on each side of the machine. In FIGS. 6 and 7 another arrangement providing 16 channels, with the guide plates 25 curved to ensure horizontal emis- sion on each side just above ground level, and increas- ing upwardly inclined flows from the outlets above. The mouths of the outlets from the guide plate frame may in this case be inclined to one another by an angle of about 10‘ as shown in FIG. 7.
The tank 7 has an agitator shaft 27 journaled for rotation in bearings 28 and carrying paddles shown diagrammatically at 29. Shaft 27 extends rearwardly of tank 7 where it is connected by a belt 30 running over respective pulleys to a drive shaft 31. This shaft 31 is flows to a direction of escape substantially radially of the chamber 6 at the rear outlet slot, there is fitted at the rear end of each channel a curved plate 20 to en- sure a smooth curved wall guiding the air from substan-
tially axial to substantially radial movement against the
rear closure wall 21 of the chamber 6. The outer wall of
each arcuate-sectioned channel between vanes 18 is
also provided with a curved guide wall 22 substantially
parallel to the face of the boss 19 and the curved guide
20.
The outlet slot of the chamber 6 is defined between a flange 23 and the end wall 21 of the chamber, and is
fitted with guide plates which direct the escaping col-
umns of air in pre-arranged desired directions. Such
guide plates are incorporated in frames adapted to fit to
the edges of the end wall 21 arid flange 23, and as seen in FIG. 2 for such frames may be provided to encircle
the outlet slot of the chamber (two of the frames being
shown detached from the outlet slot).
Each frame comprises parallel side plates 24 with
guide plates 25 extending between them, in spaced positions. The inner edges of the plates 24 are part-cir- cular to conform with the intumed edges of the end wall 21 and flange 23 of the chamber outlet slot; and they have outwardly extending flanges 26 to fit over the flange 23 and plate 21(FIG. 3). The guide plates 25 project inwards beyond the flanges 26, so that when the frame is fitted to the chamber 6 of the inner edges of
the guide plates mate with edges of the vanes 18,
(FIGS. 2 and 3). The number of guide plates 25 corre-
spend to the number of vanes 18, and the guide plates are curved to ensure that the air escaping from each channel between adjacent vanes 18 is ejected in a de- sired direction. In the guide members shovm in FIG. 2 it will be seen that the flows from the uppermost chan- nels are directed sideways, one to the right and the other to the left, at angles of about 30’— 400 upwards to the horizontal, while the flows from the Jowermost channels are directed at angles of about 2fl‘— 30’ to the horizontal, and flows from intermediate channels di- rected at different angles intermediate between those of the uppermost and lowermost channels. The spray boom 14 is held by clips in semi-circular recesses in the outer edges of the guide plates 25. 25 joumaled for rotation in bearings 32 and extends through a stationary sleeve 33. The forward end of the shaft 31 is connected at a universal joint 34 to a further drive shaft 35 which is in turn connected to shaft 9 by a universal joint 36. It will be seen therefore that fan 8, or more precisely the shaft on which it is mounted, provide the drive for the agitator in tank 7. It wll be appreciated that the invention is not limited solely to the details of the forms described above but 35 said details can be mofified or varied, in order to meet
various conditions and requirements encountered, without departing from the scope of the invention. What is claimed is: 1. An orchard spraying machine comprising: 40 a vehicular frame;
a chamber mounted on the frame having a forward- facing open end disposed at the front of said ma- chine; an axial flow fan mounted in said open end of the 45 chamber with its axis horizontal so as to draw air into the chamber through said open end; a plurality of peripheral air outlets in the chamber disposed substantially radially of the fan axis and spaced rearwardly of the fan;
50 spray material supply means for discharging material to be sprayed into the air streams passing through
said outlets; a nd means dividing the chamber downstream of the fan, said chamber having a diameter substantially cor- 55 responding to the diametrical extent of the fan blades, into a plurality of discrete, axially extending air passages spaced angularly about the fan axis, said air passages being respectively continuously fluidically connected to said peripheral air outlets 60 for directing‘ air from said fan, through said air chamber passages, and to said peripheral air out- lets. 2. The orchard spraying machine of claim 1 wherein the vehicular frame is a trailer adapted to be towed by 65 an agricultural tractor. 3. The orchard spraying machine of claim 1 wherein the vehicular frame carries a spraying material tank rearwardly of the chamber.
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4. The orchard spraying machine of claim 3 wherein
the tank has an agitator driven mechanically from the
fan. 5. The orchard spraying machine of claim 4 wherein the agitator is driven from the rear end of a shaft driven
by the fan and extending through the tank in a fluid-
tight duct.
6. The orchard spraying machine of claim 1 w herein the means defining the air passages comprises: a plurality of axially elongated, radially extending
vanes spaced angularly about the fan axis.
7. The orchard spraying machine of claim 6 wherein
said means defining said air passages further comprises curved surface means respectively connected to said vanes at their downstream ends and to said periph-
eral outlets so as to smoothly direct air to said peripheral air outlets from said axial passages. 8. The orchard spraying machine of claim 1 wherein
guide plates are provided to control the direction of air 5 flowing through the air outlets.
9. The orchard spraying machine of claim 8 wherein the guide plates are arranged to direct all of the air leaving the air outlets sideways of the machine. 10. T he orchard spraying machine of claim 9 wherein
the guide plates are arranged to direct air leaving the machine within an angularly spaced pair of arcs each
between about 30O f low horizontal and about 40‘ above horizontal. 11. T he orchard spraying machine of claim 9 wherein l5 the spray material supply means includes a spray boom
having nozzles pointing in the direction of air flow and located between the outlet ends of the guide plates.
果园喷雾机
摘要: 本发明涉及一种车辆车架，其上有一个装有一个装有其轴线水平的风机，将空气吸入室内的一种风室。

风机迫使空气通过在一个方向上的径向风扇轴拽出室外围网点，作为喷雾，杀虫或其他物质排入排出的空气流。

本发明提供的改进，风扇位于该室前吹空气通过一个开放的前端，附加或替代地，室分为风扇
下游多个轴向延伸的空气通道间隔的角度对风扇轴。

正文：本发明涉及园艺和类似用途的喷涂，并提供一种改进的喷雾机的种类包括车载架搭载室壳体风扇设置其水平轴将空气抽入室内，迫使它通过在一个方向上的径向风扇轴套管外围网点和手段出料要喷进喷出的气流即表示材料中夹带说流。

喷涂机说国王被称为“果园喷雾机”，将在下文中提到。

在已知的果园喷雾机、风机位于后方的框架(相对于旅行的方向在喷涂)将空气吸入背后面临着开放室。

这种安排的缺点是允许风扇吸入灰尘,叶子和喷雾空气由机器的向前移动,当牵引车不是自航(像往常一样),。

尤其是，喷雾机通过喷雾打落叶子产生力量和这些叶子有助于风机。

通常的做法是提供一个网格看守室,防止进入叶子但叶子坚持警卫队和降低进气室。

进一步说,在说机器允许空气流通室和充分自由,特别是,使风机轴成漩涡。

因此,他们是低效的用电和喷雾控制。

最好的发明家的知识一百万果园喷雾机已经生产了大约35年逾50个不同的公司和他们每一个人患上了至少一个上述缺点。

他已经设计了简单但有效的改善果园喷雾机,克服,或至少大幅减少,这些缺点。

根据本发明的第一体现,有提供了一个果园喷雾机室的能力面临着开放和风扇安装。

根据本发明的第二个体现,提供了一个果园喷雾机室的下游的风扇分为轴向延伸的多元化空气通道间隔对风机轴向地延长,每个通道与一个或多个各自外围空气出口。

首选体现一个果园喷雾试机是发明了两者的特性的第一和第二化体现。

车辆的框架是一个60年代的拖车能方便地被农用拖拉机的拖曳并从中获得力量,和摄入量的公开,假若这样达到了一定的摄入量，牵引杆就会做出指示。

可以携带车辆框架的第一体现燃烧室后部水槽喷涂材料槽，和水槽可能有搅拌器可以从风扇驱动机械的搅拌器。

例如,搅拌器可以从后端驱动轴驱动的风扇,通过水槽以密封的方式扩展。

风扇轴放射形延伸的多个间隔很小的叶片很好地解释了第二实施例的空气通道。

最好是空气通道有各自的曲线表面，能直接让空气在空气出口自由进出。

另一种很好地方案是在空气出口处安放导向板，以便控制从各个空气出口排出空气流的方向。

这些导向板块可以控制机器旁空气出口流出空气的流动方向，通常合适的空间是30度角到40度角的圆弧。

这意味着喷涂材料的空气流可以组成一个喷杆（有喷嘴指向气流方向，位于气流出口和导向板（若安放）之间）。

从以下描述的一种形式来看，这项发明很容易理解（但仅仅通过假设的例子J ，这个描述将更容易附在以下参照图纸中）：
图1是拖车本发明中拖车支撑喷涂设备的侧面图: 图2是稍微放大的图1planeA-A 气囊后部的剖面图： 图3是图2plane B —B 的平面截面视图
:
图4是另一种配气装置（可用于图二的气囊）的前视图: 图5是放大的图4 plane C—C截面图: 图6是另一个配气装置:和图7是图6配气装置的放大图，展示了空气出口的安放角度。

为方便把该项发明运用到实际生活中，如上图纸所示，园艺或类似喷洒装置构成拖车车轮2上的第1帧，牵引杆3附加到拖拉机上。

传动轴4附加到拖拉机的动力输出轴，以便驱动组件安装在拖车上，如下所述。

拖车第1帧安装在支架5（一个圆柱形气囊6）和液体槽7之间。

气囊6的进气口安装在轴流风机8（轴9在轴流风机8和承轴10之间）上。

传动轴4由传动装置连接（没有显示出来）到承轴 12的轴11上。

轴9滑轮上的传动带13或轴11齿轮上的链子能通过动力输出轴驱动风扇8（与轴4相连）。

气囊6的后部关闭，但有外部排气口保证风扇8驱动时排出的大量空气能放射形地直接进入并通过气囊6。

该发明的一个特征是气囊6底构的空气入口指向拖车的第一帧的前端，即拖车前进时的方向。

气囊6底构的空气入口装有网线或网格(没有显示)以防止风扇运行时遇到障碍。

从气囊6后部外部排气口排出的空气构成一股空气流，经过喷杆14的喷嘴时能使树、灌木、杀虫喷雾混合一起，杀虫剂会通过与水槽相连的管道15和管道16（由轴4和轴11驱动）排出，最终通过管道17达到喷嘴处。

不需要直接把杀虫剂倒在地上，或垂直喷入空气中，且为了避免浪费时间，该发明有另一个功能。

该功能能指引和控制气囊6和其导向板进出气流的方向。

即最终进入套管6的内部分区和/或指引外部空气口的空气流向。

图2和图3所示简便的安排是，气囊内部从中心轴19分割为很多分区放射形叶片18，并扩展至风扇8后部至关闭着的气囊6后部的所有区域。

如图2和图3所示，可能会从安装角度分割12个这样的叶片。

这些叶片使气流沿着十二个独立路径或通道流动，因此阻止了螺旋流的产生。

为了指引这些单独的气流沿着后部排气出口气囊6的放射方向流动，在每个通道的尾部安装了弯曲板20，形成光滑的弧形墙，确保从各个轴排出的空气在通过气囊6后部关闭墙时呈放射形流向。

叶片18间分割的通道的外墙有一个弯曲导墙22，与中心轴19和弯曲导墙20平行。

气囊6出口槽宽度介于气囊侧壁23和顶端墙面21之间，并装有导向板。

导向板指向预先设置好的空气流向。

这种导向板与帧共同作用，帧经调整与侧壁23和最后部墙面21相适应，如图2所示，这样的帧结构用于包围气囊的出口槽（两帧与出口槽分离)。

每一帧由平行侧板24与安装点侧板间的导向板25组成。

平行侧板24的内边缘板24非常符合气囊排气出口顶端墙面21室的凸缘23；这些凸缘沿着轮缘26延伸，与轮缘23和导向板21相适应。

导向板25指向轮缘26，便于在导向板内沿处气囊6与叶片18边缘安装帧结构。

如图2和图3。

导向板的数量与叶片数量18相一致，需弯曲导向板以确保从18个相邻叶片排出的空气按照预设方向流动。

图2所示是指导成员，将会看到最上部通道的气流流向两侧，一侧向右，另一侧向左，角度大约与水平面呈30- 40度角，而最底端通道的气流角度大约20-30度，中间高度通道的气流角度介于二者之间。

喷杆14放置在半圆形的角落，在导向板25的外缘。

当导向板帧结构安装在气囊6的出口槽时，风扇已启动，气流从18个叶片分散出去，在墙面20和22以及导向板25的控制下，气流按照预设流动模式流动，按照预设的方式把喷嘴14处的喷雾带走。

为获得不同的喷雾模式，应提供叶片18和导向板25安装的备选方案。

图4和图5所示是叶片18与相应数量的导向板25的安装方式，为机器两侧提供了平行的喷雾结构。

图6和图7所示是16通道的另一种安装方式，导向板25弯曲，以确保略高于地面两侧空气的水平排出，增加排气出口上方斜流向上流动。

导向板排气出口的出口与另一出口间的角度大约10度，如图7所示。

水槽7有一个搅拌器轴27，用于轴承28的旋转和带动桨29。

轴27沿水槽7（连接滑轮上运行着的传动带30）延伸至传动轴31。

轴31用于轴承的旋转，延伸至固定套筒33。

轴31的前端轴连接在万向节34上，且能驱动轴35（通过万向节36与轴9相连）。

因此可以看到，风扇8，更准确的说是安装在风扇上的轴，是水槽7搅拌的驱动来源。

发明并不局限于上述的细节内容，且各种细节可以完善和多样化，以便满足各种条件和要求，但又不与本发明的范围分离，这一点很重要。

具体指的是：
1. 果园喷雾机包括：
机械帧；
机械帧上的气囊，前端有一个前置开口；
安装在气囊前端前置开口处的轴流风机，保持轴水平，以便从开口处把空气压入气囊里；
气囊置于风扇轴的射线方向，与风扇保持间隔，外围有很多排气出口；
喷涂材料提供方法，使材料通过上述排气出口成为气流；
分散气囊下部的气流；
气囊直径与风机叶片的直径非常匹配，是离散的、轴向扩展的空气通道（间隔分布于风机轴之间）。

上述空气通道分别与外部空气排气口相连，以便引导风机排出的风通过气囊通道，进入外层空气排出口。

2. 果园喷雾机要求1，机器帧是一个与农业拖拉机相一致的拖车。

3. 果园喷雾机要求1，机器帧在气囊后部携带一个喷涂材料罐。

4. 果园喷雾机要求3，水槽有一个风扇机械驱动的搅拌器。

5. 果园喷雾机要求4，搅拌器受风扇轴后部驱动，沿水槽方向延伸。

6. 果园喷雾机要求1，构成空气通道的方法包括：很多拉长的、放射形的、间隔分布的风扇轴。

7. 果园喷雾机要求6，构成空气通道的方法需要弯曲板分别与各叶片在底部连接，与外部排气口连接，以便指引空气通道的空气顺利进入外部空气排气口。

8. 果园喷雾机要求1，需安装导向板来控制空气穿过空气口流动。

9. 果园喷雾机要求8，安装导向板来指引所有空气从机器两侧的排气口排出。

10. 果园喷雾机要求9，安装导向板来指引所有空气从机器排出，左右两侧角度大约与水平面所成角度为30度以下角和40度以上。

11. 果园喷雾机要求9，喷涂材料包括一个喷嘴（指向气流方向，位于气流出口和导向板之间）。