北师大版高中英语选修八单元质量评估(一)

单元质量评估(一)
一、单项选择（共15小题；共15分）
1. According to "China's Economic Life Survey 2013-2014", by CCTV, 20 cities in China
has been selected as the happiest cities in the country.
A. reviewed
B. released
C. recycled
D. replaced
2. providing entertainment, the website also turns out to be a helpful tool.
A. Far from
B. Instead of
C. Regardless of
D. Apart from
3. The owner was shocked at the news the parrot should have suffered from
depression, makes many people astonished as well.
A. that; which
B. what; which
C. that; that
D. which; which
4. --- But for your timely warning, we into great trouble.
--- Well, you know we're friends.
A. would get
B. must have got
C. would have got
D. can't have got
5. Yale has threatened a 20-year-old history major, Frances Chan, because she's too thin.
A. to dismiss
B. to have dismissed
C. dismissing
D. dismiss
6. While your plan sounded reasonable, it wasn't in the end.
A. possessed
B. adopted
C. treated
D. absorbed
7. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for different
reasons.
A. were; were
B. was; was
C. was; were
D. were; was
8. A quarrel last Sunday, and he his family.
A. was broken out; broke away
B. broke out; broke away from
C. was broken out; broke away from
D. broke out; broke away
9. The new president spoke at the APFC meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.
A. bringing up
B. looking for
C. trying on
D. referring to
10. China's icebreaker Xuelong by heavy floes since Friday after rescuing passengers on a
Russian vessel stranded in Antarctica.
A. has been trapped
B. had been trapped
C. has trapped
D. was trapped
11. Given the fact that most of the so-called anti-smog face masks give no protection against PM2.5,
many people establishing a national standard for them.
A. assist
B. admit
C. advocate
D. acknowledge
12. Thanks to your help, we can finish the work .
A. ahead of time
B. late
C. ahead time
D. lately
13. She is one of the most helpful, and reliable people I have ever had the pleasure to know.
A. apparent
B. passive
C. doubtful
D. considerate
14. A civil war broke out in Syria, tens of thousands homeless.
A. left
B. to leave
C. being left
D. leaving
15. April 8, 2014 the end of Microsoft's support to Windows XP.
A. expected
B. contributed
C. saw
D. thought
二、完形填空（共20小题；共30分）
It was my first year teaching in a special class, and I wasn't sure what to expect at our yearly Special Olympics sports meeting. My 16 had some challenges, from learning disabilities to cerebral palsy(脑瘫).
Mark was one with the latter. Restricted to a 17 , he had to fight his spasms(抽搐) just to control his movements. 18 , he always had a positive attitude and greeted everyone with a huge smile. His classmates 19 him and always took the time to make sure he was included in group activities, especially Mike, Andy and Lucas, three boys who were good at 20 . Obviously, Mark wanted to be like them, unrestricted by the limitation of his 21 , and watching them moving on the playing field seemed to fill him with 22 .
When the day came, Mike, Andy and Lucas placed well in their sports events, and gave the calm audience something to cheer about. Mark sat in his wheelchair on the sidelines, 23 them on. The final event of the day was the 400-meter race. 24 was invited to either walk or run, according to their ability, around the 25 length of the track.
When Mike, Andy and Lucas reached the finish line, they 26 and turned to look behind them. At the 27 of the crowd on the track, determined not to be left behind, was Mark. All his classmates had 28 him. He was alone on the track with over half the distance left to 29 . Mike, Andy and Lucas looked at each other, and a silent 30 passed between them. Slowly, they jogged 31 towards their friend, cheering him on 32 he had done for them moments before. The progress was 33 , but in the end the three star runners and Mark 34 the finish line together to the enthusiastic cries of their teachers and classmates. Seeing the look on Mark's face and hands upraised, I came to understand what 35 the Special Olympics.
Years later, I'm still cheering them on.
16. A. students B. friends C. partners D. classmates
17. A. bed B. machine C. desk D. wheelchair
18. A. Thus B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides
19. A. protected B. satisfied C. loved D. cared
20. A. expression B. practice C. studies D. sports
21. A. interests B. habits C. body D. mind
22. A. trust B. admiration C. fear D. worry
23. A. bringing B. cheering C. holding D. moving
24. A. Someone B. Everyone C. Anybody D. Nobody
25. A. average B. different C. entire D. extra
26. A. fell B. rested C. hurried D. paused
27. A. end B. front C. center D. top
28. A. left B. ignored C. passed D. helped
29. A. run B. jog C. cover D. walk
30. A. demand B. relief C. action D. thought
31. A. back B. along C. again D. on
32. A. while B. although C. since D. as
33. A. slow B. great C. boring D. relaxing
34. A. crossed B. arrived C. rushed D. got
35. A. left B. made C. kept D. found
三、阅读理解（共20小题；共40分）
A
President Xi Jinping says China will continue to strengthen its nuclear security capability, and remain firmly committed to building an international nuclear security system and supporting global cooperation. He made the remarks at the third Nuclear Security Summit in The Hague(海牙) on Monday.
Elaborating on (详细地解释) his country's approach, Xi called for global cooperation to ensure nuclear energy's lasting security and development.
After the two-day summit, the president left for France on Tuesday afternoon to continue his four-country European tour, which will also take him to Germany and Belgium.
Aimed at preventing nuclear terrorism, the summit seeks to reduce the amount of dangerous nuclear material in the world, improve security of all nuclear material and radioactive sources, and strengthen international cooperation.
On Tuesday, Xi called on nations to work together to prevent and crack down on nuclear terrorism in all forms.
Together with Xi, leaders from more than 50 countries and international organizations gathered in The Hague to assess past achievements in safe guarding global nuclear security and seek more action in preventing nuclear material from falling into the wrong hands.
At the end of the summit, world leaders called on countries to minimize their stocks of highly enriched nuclear fuel to help prevent al-Qaida-style(基地组织形式的) militants from obtaining atomic bombs.
In a joint statement, leaders from 53 countries said many achievements have been made in the past four years. But they also made it clear that many challenges remain and stressed the need for increased international cooperation to ensure highly enriched uranium, plutonium and other radioactive substances do not go in a wrong way.
36. Which of the following countries is not included in the four-country European tour?
A. Holland.
B. France.
C. Belgium.
D. Britain.
37. What is the purpose of the third Nuclear Security Summit?
A. To look back to the past achievements in strengthening nuclear security.
B. To ensure nuclear energy's lasting security and development.
C. To improve nuclear security and prevent nuclear terrorism.
D. To call for global cooperation of nuclear security.
38. What can we infer from the passage?
A. President Xi gave a detailed description about the progress of the third Nuclear Security Summit.
B. There is still a long way to ensure nuclear security.
C. World leaders urged countries at summit to reduce their stocks of nuclear weapons.
D. There have been decisive achievements in strengthening nuclear security in the past four years.
39. What does the underlined word "minimize" in the second paragraph from the bottom mean?
A. reduce
B. increase
C. maintain
D. keep
B
Each year, about 10,000 to 100,000 animal species die off. They join the countless species that have gone extinct over the course of Earth's history—and extinction means forever. At least it used to. Scientists are now closing in on the ability to bring back extinct species. No, this doesn't mean the plot of Jurassic Park is going to become a reality. Researchers need DNA to bring back a species. DNA is the chemical that carries the structure for a living thing. Dinosaurs have been gone too long for any of their DNA to remain in fossils.
But there's a very real chance that we will be able to bring back more recently extinct species. This could even include Ice Age animals like the woolly mammoth. In 2003, a team of Spanish and French scientists re-created the Pyrenean ibex, which had gone extinct three years earlier. The new animal didn't survive long, but scientific advances should improve the success rate. In January, Australian scientists announced that they were on their way to bringing back the gastric brooding frog. That we can bring species back doesn't mean that we should. There may be benefits to reviving a species. But there's no way to know how it will turn out. For example, would a passenger pigeon fit into its old habitat? Or might it crowd out existing species?
Environmentalists worry that our ability to bring species back might cut down support for the hard work of traditional conservation. Why worry about preserving a wildlife habitat or fighting poachers if we know we can just make up for our mistakes?
But those extinctions are our mistakes to correct, which may give us an obligation(义务) to do so. As businessman and environmentalist Stewart Brand recently said: "Humans have made a huge hole in nature. We have the ability now to repair some of that damage."
We would do well to remember the lesson of Jurassic Park: Proceed with caution.
40. Why is the plot of Jurassic Park not going to become a reality?
A. Because dinosaurs are forbidden to be brought back to life.
B. Because it is impossible for scientists to bring back extinct huge animals.
C. Because scientists are not interested in bringing back dinosaurs.
D. Because it is impossible to find DNA of dinosaurs in fossils.
41. The Pyrenean ibex was mentioned to show that .
A. scientists are only able to bring back small species
B. scientists are likely to bring back recently extinct species
C. scientists have managed to bring back Ice Age species
D. animals can live very well after being brought back to life
42. Paragraph 3 mainly shows that bringing back extinct species is .
A. harmful
B. realistic
C. double-edged
D. beneficial
43. What is the probable attitude of Stewart Brand toward bringing extinct species back to life?
A. Supportive.
B. Indifferent.
C. Disapproving.
D. Worried.
C
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源): land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world's wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world's drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.
44. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they .
A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃
D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
45. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A. We will lose much more than we can gain.
B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C. People have a strong desire for resources.
D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
46. It can be inferred from the text that .
A. we can get enough resources without rainforests
B. there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
47. What might be the best title for the text?
A. How to Save Rainforests
B. How to Protect Nature
C. Rainforests and the Environment
D. Rainforests and Medical Development
D
Not too long ago, our teacher, being a "tree-hugger" (as the kids call her), had us write an essay on an environmental issue. I was eager to start, but something made me stop.
"What is an environmental issue?" one kid asked. "What if we don't care about the environment?" another complained. "It's not like it affects me."
These comments astounded me. I have always cared about the environment and assumed that others did too. From the surprised look on my teacher's face, I could tell she felt the same way.
In no time, I finished my essay. In my essay I wrote about logging(伐木), which is an important industry, but if we continue to cut down trees without replacing, it will damage the environment.
There are so many things that we can do to save our world. Recycling, of course, is always a good thing, but not everyone has a recycling plant nearby (I don't). There are other ways to help the environment. Plant a tree. Don't waste water.
I can't stand it when a person's excuse for not caring is "Nothing is going to happen in my lifetime, so why should I care?" Sure, the chances of something terrible happening are slim, but I want people to realize that if we don't deal with it, someone will have to eventually. Do you want those to be your children? Or your children's children?
When my teacher told me to read my essay to my class, I was a little embarrassed because I didn't want everyone to call me "tree-hugger". I realize now that if being a tree-hugger means you care about the environment, I'm a tree-hugger 100 percent. I just wish more people were.
48. At the beginning, the author stopped writing .
A. to ask some questions
B. because of other kids' comments
C. to listen to the teacher's instructions
D. because he had no idea about the topic
49. The underlined word "astounded" in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by " ".
A. helped
B. changed
C. shocked
D. interested
50. Paragraph 5 is mainly about .
A. what we can recycle
B. how we can save the earth
C. why we should protect the earth
D. what damage we are doing to the earth
51. We can infer from the passage that .
A. the students don't like the teacher
B. the teacher liked the author's essay
C. the author is ashamed of being a tree-hugger
D. the author should have written a better essay
E
To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.
Common sense is not all that common.
Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?
These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语) are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don't want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this, "To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的)." This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others' mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite—find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.
Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine. Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company: "The right hand does not know what the left hand is doing."
And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it's okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论) to that: if good excuse is "good" even if it isn't honest, then where is the place of the truth?
52. According to the author, what is a sign of a man's maturity?
A. Doing things in his own way.
B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes.
C. Making as few mistakes as possible.
D. Thinking seriously about his wrong doing.
53. Which of the following is NOT based on common sense?
A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.
B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather.
C. A company's next move follows a good plan.
D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments.
54. What is the author's opinion about a good excuse?
A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy.
B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas.
C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty.
D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.
55. What would be the best title for his passage?
A. A Mirror of Human Nature
B. To Blame or to Forgive
C. A Mark of Maturity
D. Truth or Excuse
四、短文7选5(5选5等)（共5小题；共10分）
Dear Boris,
56.
After I had spent a week with my English family, I slowly began to understand their English a little better. 57. Students in my group are from different cities of Britain and their dialects are different too! Some of their accents are quite strong and they also have their own words and expressions.
58. Before I came to England I had thought that fish and chips were eaten every day. That's quite wrong! I get rather annoyed now when I hear all the foolish words about typical English food.
I had expected to see “London fog”. Do you remember our texts about it? We had no idea that most of this “thick fog” disappeared many years ago when peop le stopped using coal in their homes. But the idea to speak about weather was very helpful. 59. On the other hand, habits are different. People tell me what is typical British here in London is not always typical in Wales or Scotland. 60.
But what is ordinary for all British is that they follow traditions(传统). Probably Britain has more living signs of its past than many other countries. And people have always been proud of having ancient(古老的) buildings in capitals, big cities and the countryside.
I will tell you more about Britain in my other letters.
Love from Britain.
A. The weather in London is really changeable.
B. I have difficulty in understanding my classmates.
C. Thanks for your nice letter.
D. The family I live with are friendly.
E. It's very different from what I learned at school.
F. Local habits and traditions are not the same as what we knew.
G. But it's not the language that's different and surprising.
五、作文（共1小题；共25分）
61. 近来我国多地雾霾天气不断增多，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。

请你根据提示，用英语写一篇文章，向某英语报社投稿。

提示：
1. 实况描述；
2. 对生活造成的影响；
3. 分析雾霾形成的原因；
4. 提出治理污染的建议。

注意：
1. 上下文连贯，行文流畅；
2. 词数120个左右（首句已给出，并不计入总词数）。

参考词汇：雾霾天气 the hazy weather；口罩 mask
Dear Editor,
Recently many places in China were blanketed with thick fog.
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________
答案
一、单项选择
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. D 10. A
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C
二、完形填空
16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. D
21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. C
26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. D
31. A 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. B
三、阅读理解
36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D
41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. A
46. B 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. B
51. B 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A
四、短文7选5(5选5等)
56. C 57. E 58. G 59. A 60. F
五、作文
61. 【参考范文】
Dear Editor,
Recently many places in China were blanketed with thick fog. Everything around disappeared from our sight. Some highways were closed. More traffic jams and accidents happened. People had to wear masks. What's worse, many people found it difficult to breathe.
The heavy hazy weather in China has been caused by many factors. First, the severely polluted environment contributed a lot to this nightmare. Second, the increase of cars in the city area plays an important role. The cars send off a lot of poisonous gases.
In my opinion, we should call on people to use more public transport, thus reducing the number of cars in the streets. Besides, some factories which cause pollution should be closed down. What's more, we have to do more to raise people's awareness of environmental protection. Only in this way can we expect to have more sunny days.
Best regards。