动词不定式

动词不定式
一、动词不定式：构成：to + 动词原形（to只是不定式符号，没有意义）
1.动词不定式作主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式
To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。

To protect environment is important for us.
= It’s important for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。

2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。

It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。

3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间)
4. 常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有：（want to do sth.）
agree 同意, begin 开始, choose 选择, dare 敢, decide 决定,
expect 期望, forget 忘记, hate 憎恨, hope 希望, learn 学会,
like 喜欢, love 喜爱, need 必要, offer 提供, prefer 宁愿,
promise保证, refuse 拒绝, remember 记得, start 开始, try 设法,
want 想要, wish 希望, would like想要
注意：下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing）
enjoy doing sth, 喜欢做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事,
practice doing sth 练习做某事finish doing sth 做完某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事keep doing sth 坚持做某事
be used to doing sth 习惯做某事spend…(in) doing sth 花费时间做某事
have fun doing sth 尽情做某事have a good time doing sth 做某事很快乐
prefer doing sth to doing sth 与…相比更喜欢做某事
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
5. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do
I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。

He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。

6. 下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补助语：（want sb to do sth）
want 想要, wish 希望, ask 问, tell 告诉, order 命令,
beg 乞求, help 帮助, advise 建议, allow 允许, prepare 准备,
call 叫, wait for 等待, invite 邀请
如：She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票
7.help 后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to
The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。

He often helps his mother (to) tidy up the room.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。

8不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。

My dream is to be a teacher.我的梦想是当一名教师。

9.不定式作状语的用法
He worked day and night to get the money.（表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。

He is too young to go to school. （表结果）他太小以致不能上学。

They were very sad to hear the news.（表原因）听到这个消息他们非常伤心。

The question is simple for him to answer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。

10.动词不定式省to的情况
A.一感feel ,二听hear, listen to ,三使have, let, make, 四看see, watch, look at, notice B．不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式, 则后接不带to 的不定式。

What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？
He does nothing but watch TV every day. 他每天除了看电视，什么也不做。

I have no choice but accept the fact. 除了接受这个事实我别无选择。

C. would rather…than, rather than 等结构的than之后用不带to的动词不定式。

He would go back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
I would prefer to stay here rather than go there.
D. had better 后接动词原形。

had better do sth.
11. 不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not
They told us not to play basketball too long.
You had better not go to bed late.
12. 动词不定式可以和疑问词who, what, which, when, how, where(why除外)等连用，构成
定式短语。

Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
I didn’t know what to do next.
How to learn English well is the question that we all want to ask.
二、不定式与动名词的比较
1．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意义不变。

如：
begin 开始, start开始, hate 憎恨, like喜欢, love喜爱
2．有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意义差别较大
1）remember doing sth 记得作过某事（某事已做过）
Remember to so sth记住去做某事（某事还没做）
2）forget doing sth 忘了作过某事（某事已做过）
forget to do sth 忘了去做某事（某事还没做）
3）try to do sth 尽力去做某事
try doing sth 试一试，试试看
4）go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一动作）
go on to do sth 继续去做某事（不同的事）
5）stop doing sth 把某事停下来
stop to do sth停下（手中事）去做另外的事
★用作介词的to
to 有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词+名词/动名词。

to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，turn to开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于，look forward to 盼望，attention to 注意
不定式专项练习：
一、单项选择：
( )1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.
A. don’t
B. not
C. will not
D. not to
( )2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.
A. not to have
B. not to take
C. didn’t take
D. not to make
( )3. Tell him _______ the window.
A. to shut not
B. not to shut
C. to not shut
D. not shut
( )4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him
______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
( )5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive ( )6. The workers want us ________ together with them.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
( )7. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going ( )8. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go
B. went
C. has gone
D. goes
( )9. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.
A. spoke
B. speaks
C. speak
D.spoken
( )10. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _______.
A. where to choose
B. which to choose
C. to choose what
D. to choose which ( )11. -“ Have you decided when ________?”
-“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”
A. to leave
B. to be leaving
C. will you leave
D. are you leaving ( )12. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen ( )13. --- The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off ( )14. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
( )15. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to ( )16. He was too excited _________.
A. speak
B. to speak
C. not to speak
D. speaking
( )17. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
A. doing
B. to do
C. do
D. to be doing
( )18. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
A. eat
B. to eat
C. eating
D. for eating
( )19. --- I usually go there by train.
--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
( )20.I am here watch a game.
A. watch
B.watches
C.watching
D.to watch
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Don’t forget ___ __（take）it to school tomorrow, please.
2. Before you go abroad, you need ________(know) about table manners in that country.
3. I need some paper ________(write).
4. I am allowed ______(stay ) up until 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.
5.—Sure. I’m looking forward to _________(meet) you .
6. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer ____ (watch)TV or listen to music rather than ________(read) newspapers.
7. —Oh, terrible! I forgot ________(close) the window. It’s windy.
—Really? Let’s go back home quickly.
8. —Shopping with me? —Sorry, I have a lot of clothes ________(wash).
9. She did nothing but_______(look) at the photo.
10.It is important for us (learn) English well.
11.It is very kind of you (help) us.
12.It will take you 30 minutes (drive) there.
13.He got up early this morning so as (catch) the frist bus.
14.His brother is old enough (go ) to school.
15.Our teacher encourage us (read) books.
16.You’d better (stay) at home.
17.She ask him (wait) outside.
18.I am here (meet) you .
19.He was so tired, so he stopped (have) a rest.
20.His job is (write) story books.。