英语阅读匹配题练习题

Passage 1
Beauty and Body Image in the Media
[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food.
[B] Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.
[C] Economic has great effects on it. By presenting an ideal difficulty to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.
[D] The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.
[E] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (泻药) abuse, and self-induced vomiting.
[F] In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way.
[ G] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women.
[H] Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel.
A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹泻)and eventually die from malnutrition.
46.A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.
47.The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.
48.Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.
49. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.
50. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.
Passage 2
Hate Your Job? Here’s How to Reshape It
[A] Once upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit your lip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option: shape your job more fruitful than futile.
[B] To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleagues Jane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they call job-crafting. They’re working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firms and business schools to change the way Americans think about work.
Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively
[C] "The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to work and facing a list of things they have to do," says Wrzesniewski. So in the job-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically.
[D] Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees, which makes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering, though that wasn’t part of his job description. To alter the scope of his day-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spend some time studying an idea he had for making the firm’s manufacturing procedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and now process engineering is part of the scope of his work.
Step 2: Diagram Your Day
[E] To lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participants assemble diagrams detailing their workday activities.
[F] Ina Lockau-V ogel, a management consultant who participated in a recent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust her priorities. "Before, I would spend so much time reacting to requests and focusing on urgent tasks that I never had time to address the real important issues." As part of the job-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating and outsourcing (外包) more of her administrative responsibilities.
[G] In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influence workers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employees themselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day. Given that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six months to find a new position, it’s crucial to make the most of the job you’ve got.
Step 3: Identify Job Loves and Hates
[H] By reorienting (使适应) how you think about your job, you free yourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday time and energy.
[I] Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from the job-crafting process. "They come in looking worn down, but after spending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking about three or four things they can do differently."
[J] "They start to recognize they have more control over their work than they realized," says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on the original job-crafting research.
46. Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profit from the job-crafting process.
47. A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, he/she will resign or bear it.
48.According to Ina Lockau-V ogel, the benefit from job-crafting is that it helps her set priorities properly.
49.The idea of a maintenance technician at Burt’s Bees turned out to be helpful and energy-efficient.
50. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the situation in job market is ---it is difficult to find a job.
Passage 3
China’s New First Lady
【A】China’s new First Lady, Peng Liyuan, has become something of a global style icon on her first official state visit.
【B】Peng Liyuan, wife of the new Chinese president Xi Jinping, has become a surprise style sensation with her native fashion bloggers and style commentators around the world on her first official state visit.
【C】Disembarking from her private plane in Moscow on Friday, Peng, 50, chose an elegant black double-breasted belted coat and ladylike handbag by Chinese fashion label Exception; a look which, teamed with her neatly pinned up hair, fresh-faced make-up and understated accessories, wouldn’t have looked out of place in the front row at Paris Haute Couture Week.
【D】“First ladies are ambassadors of the culture and the design and of the soft power of a country. I’m glad that she chose to wear Chinese and take up that role of spokesperson for Chinese design here.” Said Hong Huang, publisher of the fashion magazine iLook and one of the most popular microbloggers in China.
【E】“It’s the first time that China’s first lady appears like a modern woman. I think she dressed very well, with taste and confidence.” Said Zhang Yu, editor of China’s VOGUE magazine.” After so many years, we finally have a first lady who can represent us so appropriately. I think it is a landmark event.
【F】Online retailers have sought to associate their products with what news portals are termin g the “Peng Liyuan style”. With searches for those key words resulting in lists of handbags and trench coats, many of which did not even resemble the items she wore.
【G】Heavy online traffic to Exception’s website has caused it to crash since Friday, with it loading only sporadically on Monday.
【H】Chatter about her winning personal style quickly spread globally with U.S. newspaper’s comparing her to Michelle Obama (both have daughters and are only a year apart in age), though we think her ladylike style is more reminiscent of ex First Lady of France, Carla Bruni.
1.First Ladies are ambassadors who convey the culture, the fashion style and the soft power of a country.
2.Peng Liyuan appears to be a modern, fashionable woman as China’s first lady for the first ti me.
3.Her native fashion bloggers and style commentators around the world focus on Peng Liyuan’s style sensation.
4.Peng Liyuan gave her first official state visit to Moscow in an elegant black double-breasted belted coat.
5.The success of Peng Liyuan’s style bring so much attention to Exception’s website.
Passage 4
Lady Margaret Thatcher
【A】Baroness Thatcher, Britain’s greatest post-war prime minister, has died at the age of 87 after suffering a stroke, her family has announced.
【B】Known as the Iron Lady, Margaret Thatcher governed Britain from 1979 to 1990.
【C】She will go down in history not only as Britain’s first female prime minister, but as the woman who transformed Britain’s economy in addition to being a formidable rival on the international stage.
【D】Lady Thatcher was the only British prime minister to leave behind a set of ideas about the role of the state which other leaders and nations strove to copy and apply.
【E】The funeral for former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was set to take place on April 17 at St. Paul’s Cathedral, with an elaborate ceremony attended by Queen Elizabeth II and a who’s who of British public officials, past and present.
【F】Attendees included the queen and her husband, Prime Philip, as well as British Prime Minister David Cameron and a host of other well-known figures from British public life, including both some who worked with Mrs. Thatcher and some who currently serve in politics. Also present were other friends and family, including her two children and her grandchildren.
【G】The ceremonial funeral is one step short of a state funeral, which is usually reserved for the monarch but was provided for Winston Churchill, Britain’s prime minister during World War II. Mrs. Thatcher had requested that she not lie in state and that there be no military fly-past, or flyby, which sometimes marks funerary events. A private cremation will follow the service.
dy Margaret Thatcher is well-known as the Iron Lady.
dy Margaret Thatcher set a good example to a lot of leaders about the role of the state.
3.She transformed Britain’s economy as Britain’s first female prime minister.
4. A great number of figures attended the funeral of Lady Thatcher, including the Queen and politicians.
5.Queen Elizabeth attended the funeral of former British Prime Minister on April 17.
Passage 5
A Book Shows Putin at His Best
【A】He is fearless, altruistic, steel-willed, hospitable, unbelievably hardy unpretentious and warm---and he has lost none of these qualities since becoming Russia’s president. T his is the real Putin. Russian journalist Oleg Blotsky published his new book entitled “Vladimir Putin: Life Story” in Moscow recently. This book is written in simple easy-to-read Russian.
【B】It is a scrupulously unbiased snapshot of Vladimir Putin if you believe the author of the first volume of a Kremlin-backed trilogy on Putin’s life, written in the unmistakable style the Soviets once reserved for Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin.
【C】“I do not think it is a eulogy. I simply conveyed what people (who met Putin) said.” Oleg Blotsky told a news conference on Monday as he posed for photos with his “Vladimir Putin”.
【D】The book, complete with a genealogical tree back to the beginning of the 18th century and a chapter dedicated to Putin’s ancestors, spans fro m his birth to the start of his career as a KGB spy.
【E】Putin Contributed to the work with extensive interviews to Blotsky. The result is a selection of memories by Putin’s friends and acquaintances who hold nothing but the warmest recollections of him. T he only person in the book who does not heap praise on the president is Putin himself, who is characteristically humble.
【F】Praise bestowed on the Kremlin leader ranges from young judoist Putin fighting “like a snow leopard” to many years later his being visibly moved when decorated war veterans in the Kremlin stood up in salute as he entered the hall.
【G】It opens with the Kremlin munificently answering an old woman’s plea---addressed in a letter to
“Putin, the Kremlin, Moscow”---to help erect a decent to mbstone on the grave of Putin’s first teacher.
【H】One account portrays Putin as a man who would stop at nothing to win a fight. “ He would scratch, bite, snatch tufts of hair, do anything to avoid being humiliated in any way.” An old friend said. But youn g Putin is also an ordinary boy, frightened by a looming visit to the dentist.
【I】Blotsky, who said he was a converted Putinist after his audiences with the president, said he was already working on the second volume of his series “Vladimir Putin: Rise to Power”.
1.Putin still keeps many qualities like fearless, altruistic, hospitable, etc.
2.Putin devoted himself to the work with extensive interviews to Blotsky.
3.The book entitled “Vladimir Putin: Life Story” is written in simple easy-to-read Russian.
4.The book describes Putin characteristically humble.
5.The book portrays Putin as a man who would stop at nothing to win a fight.
Passage 6
Stephen. W. Hawking
【A】In the chapel of Trinity College stands the figures of Isaac Newton, The Marble index of a mind forever V oyaging through strange seas of thought alone.
【B】Here is the present heir to Newton’s title, embarked on a voyage of equal ambition, into the infinities of space and time.
【C】He first turned his thoughts to the galaxies, where a star in its death throes, its fuel exhausted, collapses to a point of matter infinitesimal in size, yet in mass so dense, in gravity so powerful, that not even light can escape.
【D】He has plumbed with mathematics the mysteries of these Black Holes, and discovered what radiation is generated at their surfaces, what power these invisible ghostly voids exert on the visible universe.
【E】From the vast spaces where stars live and die with predictability, he has travelled to the subatomic world, where elementary particles obey a contrary law, the law of uncertainly. To reconcile the laws which relate to phenomena on the largest scale, the gravitational laws of Newton and the relativity of Einstein, with the law which relates to the small, the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, and in so doing to devise a new and universe came into being, and how it developed, and how it may end, is today the greatest intellectual standard-bearer and guide. Fired by a passion to communicate, he has encapsulated in one slim volume’s best-selling pages, with a limpid style and engaging wit, a whole brief of time.
1.Stephen.W.Hawking is the present heir to Newton’s title into the infinities of space and time.
2.He has plumbed with mathematics the mysteries of these Black Holes.
3.He focuses his attention and thoughts on the galaxies.
4.To reconcile the laws which relate to phenomena on the largest scale is today the greatest intellectual
standard-bearer and guide.
5.He has encapsulated in one slim volume’s best-selling pages.
Passage 7
Enhancing the Taste of Our Food
A What are your favorite foods? Do you like pizza, hamburgers, roast pork, or cakes and cookies? Chances are that, whatever you like best, it has a strong taste and a salty, sweet or savory flavor. People generally like to eat tasty foods, and this can create potential health problems, especially with the consumption of fast or processed food. Fast food traditionally contain a lot of salt or sugar, because this is a cheap way to make food taste good and it encourages people to buy more cookies, chips, soft drinks, for example. However, people are becoming increasingly aware of the dangers of an unhealthy diet, and the manufacturers of processed food know that sales will increase if they can advertise that their products if have less salt or sugar. They also know that if their product tastes bland or boring, no amount of health benefits will make it popular choice with consumers, and they will lose money if their product is not popular. However, a new technology is currently being developed that may allow fast food manufactures to reduce salt and sugar without sacrificing taste.
B If you stick out your tongue and look in the mirror, you will see that it is covered with tiny bumps. These bumps called taste buds and they are the receptors in our skin that allow us to taste different kinds of foods. There are five different taste receptors, for sweet, salty, sour, bitter and savory flavors. When we are born we have a lot of these on the roof of our mouth as well as our tongue, but as we get older, we lose our taste buds., which is why older people find it harder to taste things. Adults typically have about 100,000 taste buds, but older people may have as few 5,000. We have more receptors for bitter tastes than for any other.; researchers think that this may be because these buds warn us if food is poisonous.
C The food that we eat contains natural chemicals that fit into the different shaped receptors on our tongues; for example, sweet foods trigger that sweet receptors. The technology to mimic, or copy, these natural flavors with chemicals such as aspartame
allows us to experience a sweet taste without eating sugar, it also has disadvantages. Firstly, many people do not like its bitter aftertaste, and secondly, some people say that it is bad for health if taken in large quantities.
D However, a new technology is being developed that may be an improvement on artificial sweeteners and other chemicals. Taste enhancers target the taste receptors on our tongues, and they make us more sensitive to sweet, sour or salty tastes. Just a few molecules of a taste enhancer could double the sweetness effect of a teaspoon of sugar, or the salty effect of a teaspoon of salt. This means that instead of using artificial chemicals to make food tasty., food manufactures could use half the quantity of the real substance and a tiny quantity of taste enhancer to make the food taste god. This has the potential to save food manufactures money, by replacing large quantities of sugar and salt with tiny amounts of chemicals. It could also benefit our health if we can eat food that tastes good and is low in sugar and salt.
E Taste enhancers have other advantages, too. People generally do not like bitter tasting food, but reversing this technology so that the bitter taste receptors are blocked instead of stimulated may reduce the bitter taste of some healthy foods. This means, for example, that people may be persuaded to eat more soy protein.
F Taste enhancers technology is very new to the marketplace, and as yet it is not widely used, but it has the potential to make a significant change to the processed food industry, and to improve the healthiness of many fast foods.
1. The manufactures of processed food make their products popular by using salt and sugar, which are not good for health.
2. The new technology has its merits and weaknesses.
3.The possibility of taste enhancers makes an important change to the food industry and the consumers.
4. Taste buds are the receptors in our skin to taste, and a person has five different taste receptors.
5. A new technology is developed to improve the artificial sense of taste.
Passage 8
Sponsorship in Sport
A The commercialization of sport has risen dramatically over recent times. Men and women athletes the world over has become marketable commodities. Sports teams are traded on stock markets and sponsorship rights at major events often involve massive amounts of money. Most people think that sponsorship in sport is necessary. However, while it gives with the one hand it subtly takes with the other.
B Sponsorship in sport is usually in the form of financial assistance, or money, offered by a commercial organization to a person, team or sporting code for publicity. There are two main reasons for sponsorship becoming so necessary. Firstly, sport has become increasingly expensive to manage, and teams and players need money to be able to participate at a high level. Then, form a business point of view, watching sport has become a major form of social entertainment, so companies offer sponsorship to connect with consumers.
C Sponsorship of sporting events helps companies to promote their products and brands. Although the most important factor for most companies is improving sales. There are also other payoffs, and tax relief is one of these. Sponsors can claim a sponsored event against the taxes they have to pay, which means sponsorship can actually save companies money. The only negative aspects for a sponsor are if an athlete should play badly or misbehave, but generally sport creates a good image for a company by conveying health and fitness. However, this has also caused controversy for some major events because some people have questioned the choice of sponsor.
D The organizers of the Olympic Games have been badly criticized for accepting sponsorship from fast food companies and drink manufactures. Many people believe this is a double standard. They question why the Olympic Games and World Cup organizers take money from such companies. Public health experts believe if we really want to promote health except excellence in sport, then it should be linked by support for products which support good health, and not to unhealthy products.
E Sponsorship is no longer restricted to major events and professionals. Now, local teams and young players are also sponsored. There is a trend also for amateurs to rely on sponsorship for equipment, clothing, travel, and to cover their expenses of training and competing even though they are not full-time sportspeople.
F So, sponsorship in sport is essential. On the one hand, it enables major world events to become more famous and spectacular, and to improve individual performances, and on the other hand, it promotes and encourages participation at grassroots level. Sponsorship also brings sports to everyone. It enables us to view our favorite sporting event on television in our own home, even though it is taking place on the other side of the world.
G However, such commercialization also means compromise, and in fact, for some less popular sports it may be a negative factor, and, most significantly, it may even result in the end of that sporting code. Sponsorship affects fans, players and the sports themselves. For instance, players have been upset by rule changes that sponsors have requested. Fans are angered by games played in atrocious weather conditions and at awkward hours to meet the scheduling restrictions of television. Changes have also been made to the timing and duration of events. Furthermore, players are being told what to wear. Finally, there is the crucial issue that while some sports have become too popular, others have difficulty getting any sponsorship.
H when sports clubs were state-funded, all sports were given an equal opportunity to attract members and to
grow. Now, however, sports which are seen as lower profile, or less popular, and therefore less commercially practical can no longer attract sponsors. In this respect, sponsorship in sport creates the situation of giving with the one hand and taking with the other. The uneven distribution of sponsorship could lead to the end of some less popular sports, and could reduce our freedom of sporting choice.
1. There are two main reasons why sports teams and companies need sponsorship
2. The writer’s prediction of what will happen to low pro
3. There is a trend that sponsorship includes more than just professional athletes
4. A description of how sponsorship allows many people enjoy world sporting events
5. Sponsors can benefit from sponsorship of sports event which helps to promote their products and brands.
Passage 9
Why I Became a Teacher: to Pass on My Love of Literature
A) To be honest, I only did my training because my husband was on a four-year course and I was on a three-year course at Cardiff University so I wanted to do something for one year. I'm convinced that nothing else I might have done would have given me so much pleasure and satisfaction, or fitted in so well with family life.
B) When I retire, I can look back on a career which made a positive difference to the lives of thousands of children. Few other career choices can be so rewarding.
C) Anyone going into teaching now will be used to teaching to formal work schemes and observation. I think it has raised standards in the profession but personally I feel the loss in the classroom. I've got the confidence of 30 years experience. I've seen new approaches come and go.
D) For me, it's the passion for your subject and interest in the success of your students that matters. This is what will make you a good teacher. There's still room for individuals but you have to have the confidence and passion for your subject to make it work.
E) The major challenge in teaching is time. There's not enough of it. It's hard if you're working full time to cope with the marking and feel like you have enough time to do your job properly. I've worked part time ever since I had children.
F) One of the benefits of being a part-time teacher is that I do have time to mark properly. Sometimes my feedback is almost as long as their essay but 1 really want the kids to do well. One of the best things about teaching is you get to raise children's aspirations, and to make a difference in their lives.
G ) Love your subject. If you are going to succeed in secondary school leaching you must love your subject. The kids really know if you do or don't.
1. For the author, the main challenge in teaching is that there's no enough time.
2. Working part time enables the author to mark students' assignments properly.
3. The author believes she has received most satisfaction from teaching as a career.
4. The author thinks that teaching to formal work schemes and observation can make a loss in the classroom.
5. According to the author, passion for a subject and interest in students' success will make a good teacher. properly．
Passage 10
How to Use a Library
A)You’re driving your car home from work or school. And something goes wrong. The engine stalls out at
lights．Where do you go? The library. You can take out an auto repair manual that tells how to do．
B)“The library!” you say.“That’s where my teacher sends me to dough homework.” Unfortunately, I’ve found that’s exactly the way many people feel．If you’re among them．you’re denying yourself the easiest way to improve yourself, enjoy yourself and even cope with life．
C)If it’s TV that keeps you from cultivating this habit, I can offer a remedy．Take home from the library a stack of books that might look interesting．Pile them on the TV set．Next time you are tempted to turn on a prog ram you really don’t want to see，reach for a book instead．
D)Over the years，people collect a list of books they mean to read．If you don’t have such a list, here is the suggestion. Take from the library some of the books you might have enjoyed dramatized on TV．
E)Some people in their reading limit themselves to current talked—about best sellers．Oh，what they miss! The library is full of yesterday’s best sellers；and they still make compelling reading today．
F) How do you find these or any other books you’re looking for? It’s easy—with the card catalog．It’s the nucleus of any public library．The card catalog lists every book in the library by：1．author；2．title；3．subject．
G) Once you jot down the numbers of the books you are interested in，you are ready to find them on the shelves．Libraries call the shelves “the stacks”．
H)Some of the brightest and best informed men and women in America are the librarians who specialize in providing reference help．But don’t waste the time of this expert by asking silly questions you ought to solve yourself．Save the reference librarian for the really big ones．
1．The nucleus of any public library is the card catalog．
2．Yesterday’s best sellers are still good for reading，which shouldn’t be overlooked．
3．The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong
4．The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read．
5．When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves．。