应对区爱护学校高考英语阅读理解基础(12)

应对区爱护学校2014高考英语阅读理解基础全程训
练（12）及答案
较难题目特训：科普知识类
People who are taking aspirin regularly to thin their blood and are about to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery (冠状动脉旁路搭桥术) are usually to stop the aspirin a week before the operation – but they could be better off if they keep taking it.
Taking aspirin up to the day coronary artery bypass grafting (移植) is performed seems to speed lung function recovery afterwards, without increasing the risk of bleeding significantly, according to a report from Israel.
Release of a substance called thromboxane (血栓素) is associated with lung injury after heart bypass grafting, Dr Rabin Gerrah at Assuta Medical Center in Tel Aviv and his colleagues explained in the medical journal Chest. Aspirin is believed to inhibit release of thromboxane, so Gerrah’s group theorized that the administration of aspirin until the day of the surgery could improve outcomes.
They therefore followed 14 patients who took 100 milligrams of aspirin daily until the day of the surgery and 18 who stopped taking aspirin at least 7 days before the surgery.
Those who continued with their aspirin had significantly lower thromboxane in fluid around the heart, better oxygen levels in their blood and spent less time on a ventilator(呼吸器) than the group who discontinued taking aspirin.
On the other hand, the need for blood transfusions was no different between the groups, indicating that bleeding complications were no worse with aspirin.
The researchers had excluded patients who had suffered a heart attack and those with heart failure because patients like these have a higher level of thrombaxane. “They will probably benefit even more than its inhibition.”
Based on their findings, Gerrah’s team recommends that aspirin therapy(治疗) not be discontinued before coronary artery bypass surgery.
55. From the passage we know that_______.
A. doctors usually get people who will have coronary artery bypass surgery to stop taking aspirin
7 days before the operation
B. aspirin is believed to increase release of thromboxane
C. taking aspirin up to the day coronary artery bypass grafting is performed seems to slow lung function recovery afterwards
D. patients suffering a heart attack have a lower level of thromboxane
56. The purpose of the passage is to introduce to us that _________.
A. aspirin can make for release of thromboxane
B. aspirin is useful for patients suffering a heart attack
C. different ways turn out to be the same result
D. aspirin may improve recovery after heart bypass
57. According to Dr Rabin Gerrah, patients who will have heart bypass surgery should _______.
A. stop taking aspirin before the surgery
B. take aspirin as much as they like until the day of the surgery
C. be allowed to take 100 milligrams of aspirin daily until the day of the surgery
D. take aspirin after the heart bypass operation
58. What does the underlined word “inhibit” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. to become larger or better than normal
B. to make something happen more slowly than normal
C. to cause to be nervous or embarrassed
D. to improve something in poor condition
【参考答案】4.55-58 ADCB
阅读理解-----A
Many people eventually get round to trading in their first car. But not Mike Harrison. He loves his 1931 black Bentley sports car so much that he’s still driving it – 54 years after
be bought it.
Mr Harrison was 20 when he paid £150 (about £3,000 now) for the car after passing his test in 1956. It had already done 85,000 miles and he has since driven it a further 100,000, yet the car still runs like clockwork.
It is now one of only three left in t he country and is worth £250,000. Despite its value, Mr Harrison, 74, says he would never sell the car “which has been my best friend and part of my family all my life”.
Mr Harrison courted his wife Jenny in it during the early sixties and it was their family car when children Caroline, now 46, and Ben, 42, came along. Even when he took a job as an advertising executive which came with the company car of his choice, Mr Harrison kept the Bentley.
He said: 'How many people still have their first car these days when everything is so disposable? But it is a real eye-catcher. It has something that modern cars just don't have - style and character. 'I still drive it most days, even though it only does about 15 miles to the gallon!' Petrol was just six shillings (30p) a gallon when Mr Harrison bought the Bentley, which had a top speed of 120mph.
He has spent thousands of pounds on repairs over the years but has kept the bodywork in good condition himself, hand-painting the underneath and spraying the black panels of the bodywork.
For decades the Bentley was a regular sight on the roads near Mr Harrison's home in Hampton Court, Surrey. He now uses it as a runaround after retiring to Whitney-on-Wye, Herefordshire.
Mrs Harrison, 71, said: “It was a nuisance(累赘) keeping it in tip-top order with me helping out with the repairs by passing Mike the spanners the whole time. But I wouldn't have changed any of it --- I feel like a Queen every time I'm in it.”
1. When Mike Harrison bought his black Bentley sports car, it was .
A. a hand – made car
B. a second – hand car
C. one of only three left
D. unique in style
答案解析：答案为B。

本题为细节推理题。

由文章第二段第二句话“It had already done 85,000 miles …”可知，Mike Harrison 买车的时候，车已经跑了85,000 miles，可以推断, Bentley sports car是二手车。

故答案为B。

2. Mike Harrison would never sell the car mainly because .
A. it has witnessed his life and his family
B. it is very eye – catching
C. it has save much oil
D. it runs very fast
答案解析：答案为A。

本题为推理题。

由第三段“Mr Harrison, 74, says he would never sell t he car ‘which has been my best friend and part of my family all my life’”.和第四段的进一步解释可知，这辆车一直陪伴着他和他的家庭，故答案为A。

3. It can be concluded from the passage that the car .
A. has cost more for repairs than it is worth
B. has almost been retired
C. has caused much trouble to Mrs. Harrison.
D. is priceless to the family
答案解析：答案为D。

本题为文章主旨推理题。

通读全文可知，尽管Mike Harrison 的车现在已经速度减慢，需要经常修理，但是它见证了Mike Harrison和他的家庭生活，所以这辆车在他们的心中是无价的。

故答案为D。

由第三段“It is now one of only three left in the country and is worth £250,000.”和第六段“He has spent thousands of pounds on repairs over the years …”可知，车的修理费
是几千镑，但是价值是250,000镑，故A选项错误。

由最后一段最后一句话“But I wouldn't have changed any of it --- I feel like a Queen every time I'm in it.”可知，这辆车还是在使用，并没退休，故B选项错误。

C选项未提及。

4. What’s the main purpose of this writing?
A. To show that an old car is better than a new one.
B. To share Mike Harrison’s story of his first car.
C. To ask people to treasure old things.
D. To describe the quality of a black Bentley.
答案解析：答案为B。

本题考查文章的写作目的，结合前面的问题可知，全文都是在围绕Mike Harrison 和他的车展开，故答案为B。

社会生活类
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before. But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing—they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. That’s why a new study of French workers is welcome news.
Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue (疲劳) in people after they got tired while they were still employed.
The scientists followed the employees of the French national gas and electric company for 14 years. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement. The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.
Clearly, said Westerlund, much of these decrease in physical and mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work. The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions (养老金) that French workers enjoy. Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries.
“The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important,”Westerlund says. “We don’t know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. But no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comfortable, then we won’t see the improvements we did.”However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may affect retirees’ health after they leave their jobs—with less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS. )
1. According to some recent studies, retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases like .
2. Westerlund’s group found that in the year just after the retirement most retired French workers felt much less tired both .
3. The word “improvements”in paragraph 5 refer to .
4. Retirement may make people happier with .
【参考答案】22、【参考答案】
1. heart disease and high blood pressure
2. mentally and physically
3. the decrease of fatigue and depressive symptoms
4. more of a financial safety net
阅读理解-----B
America’s population was booming and spreading west in the early 1800’s. Westward expansion came mostly at the expense of the Indians who were often forced to move from their native lands.
In the state of Georgia, the population increased 600 percent in the matter of 40 years. As a result, many of its native tribes(部落) were pushed out. The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828. In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized (批准) the Indian Removal Act. The Cherokees fought the law, and it was overturned by chief justice John Marshall two years later.
Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed. The "Treaty" was not authorized by the Cherokee Nation, but rather, a small group of Cherokee radicals led
by John Ridge. Under the "Treaty", the Cherokee were to leave Georgia and the government would compensate them at a price determined to be about 5 percent of the value of the land. The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the "Treaty", but the U.S. government ratified it anyway. John Ridge was thus seen as a traitor by the Cherokees - and would later pay with his life. The Georgia government then staged a "land lottery" in which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions. They were sold to anyone who had $4.00 and who had won a chance to own land. In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Cherokee land. Men, women, and children were forced to walk westward from Georgia nearly 1,000 miles with minimal facilities and food, to reservations set up for them in Oklahoma. Cherokee chief John Ross, eventually was able to convince Winfield Scott that his people should lead the tribe west. Scott agreed and Ross divided the people into smaller groups so they could forage for food on their own. Although Ross may have save countless lives, nearly 4,000 Indians died walking this Trail of Tears.
1. Which of the following happened first?
A. Cherokees’ walk to Oklahoma.
B. The Indian Removal Act.
C. The Treaty of New Echota.
D. The Georgia “Land Lottery”.
答案解析：答案为B。

本题为细节题。

由文章第二段倒数第二句话“In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized the Indian Removal Act.”可知，B选项发生在1830年；由第三段第一句话“Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed.”可知，C选项发生在1835年；由第三段倒数第二句话“The Georgia government then staged a‘land lottery’ in which Cherokee lan d was divided into 160 equal portions.”可知，D选项发生在Treaty of New Echota后; 由最后一段前两句话“ In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Cherokee land. …set up for them in Oklahoma.”可知，A选项发生在最后。

故答案为B。

2. The underlined part “ratified it” (in Para. 3) can be replaced by “”.
A. made it official
B. signed it secretly
C. removed it
D. ignored it
答案解析：答案为A。

本题为语义推断题。

结合该短语出现的句子“The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the ‘Treaty’, but the U.S. government ratified it anyway.”, “ratified it”出现在“but”后面，可见该短语和前面的never had agreed to the “Treaty"
意思相反，故答案为A，使条约正式化。

3. Why was John Ridge viewed as a traitor by the Cherokees?
A. Because he sold his land to the ernment at a low price.
B. Because he represented the U.S. Govermment.
C. Because he signed an unfair treaty for the Cherokees.
D. Because he carried out a “land lottery” in Georgia.
答案解析：答案为C。

本题为推理题。

细读第三段，Treaty of New Echota被签署，但不是经过Cherokee 民族批准的，而是由John Ridge领导的一小群Cherokee极端分子干的，规定Cherokee民族离开Georgia，政府赔偿给他们原有土地的百分之五，大多数Cherokee 人并不同意该条约，但是政府最终还是批准了该条约，因此John Ridge被认为是Cherokee的民族叛徒。

故答案为C。

4. According to the passage, what is the key factor for the “Trail of Tears”?
A. The conflict between the Cherokees and the local government.
B. The increase of population in the state of Georgia.
C. The constant struggle for land between the native Americans and the settlers.
D. The discovery of gold in western Gerogia.
答案解析：答案为D。

本题为推理题。

文章的最后提到“nearly 4,000 Indians died walking this Trail
of Tears”，为什么会发生此事？本题实际考察现象背后的实质：Cherokee 印第安人为什么要移民？由文章第二段“The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828.”可知，western Georgia 发现了金子后，白人就觊觎此片土地淘金，发生了后来的移民事件，留下了Cherokee 印第安人的血和泪。

故答案为D。