(英语)高考英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高考英语阅读理解(教育文化)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
1．阅读理解
New Jersey Middle School Makes Students Go Phone-Free
A middle school in Union County, New Jersey, is forcing its students to stay disconnected in class, by prohibiting cellphones. Maxson Middle School Principal Kevin Stansbury put forward the phone ban last week after he noticed some major issues in the school. "Our test scores were down, discipline was up," he says. According to him, students were too focused on their phones to pay attention to their lessons. So, he purchased Yondr pouches for the school.
Yondr pouch
When students come into class each morning, they place their phones in the pouch, which is then locked up tight. It can only be opened using a special device at the end of the day. The ban on mobile devices applies not just during class time but during breaks, with the only exceptions being in times of emergency or in cases of students who need such devices to help with disabilities.
Eighth-graders who spoke with News 12 New Jersey say that they noticed a change in a matter of hours. "It's just better for everyone because you'll understand how it feels to get more work done instead of paying attention to the phone," says student Charlene V. "I'm usually listening to music, but today I got to communicate with all my friends," says student Desiree Duncan.
The program was originally met with resistance from students and parents, so the process was not that smooth. But teachers and administrators say that the program will have a major impact. "Students were talking and laughing and there were no cellphones other than being carried in the pouches," Stansbury says.
Teacher Nia Cummings says she even noticed students bouncing ideas off each other in class. She says students used to give up quickly and just look for answers on their phones. She says they now try to figure it out themselves. "Everyone is socializing and eating lunch together. That's what I wasn't seeing enough of when phone usage was at its worst," she adds.
Maxson Middle School is currently the only one in the district to use these pouches. Kevin Stansbury also called on all the schools in the community that it's worth paying close attention to cellphone issues at secondary schools and taking actions when necessary.
（1）Maxson Middle School put forward the phone ban because students _____.
A.weren't focused on school work
B.were always listening to music
ed phones to cheat on exams
D.stopped talking with others
（2）What did the two eighth-graders tell the newspaper?
A.Opposition from students.
B.Teamwork with friends.
C.Daily routine at school.
D.Effect of the program.
（3）According to Nia Cummings, what change has the phone ban brought?
A.Students discuss more in class.
B.Students finish their work on time.
C.Students guess the answers themselves.
D.Students check messages during the break.
（4）It can be inferred from the passage that the phone ban _____.
A.has brought little change to teaching and learning
B.has gained support from every student and parent
C.might be carried out in other schools in the community
D.might have good influence on students'health conditions
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新泽西高中实行“手机禁止”措施，以保证学生们正常的课业学习效率。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中“According to him, students were too focused on their phones to pay attention to their lessons.”可知学生们太过于关注手机了以至于上课时无法专注，因此Maxson中学推行手机禁止计划是因为学生们无法专注学业。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Eighth-graders who spoke with News 12 New Jersey say that they notic ed a change in a matter of hours.”可知两位八年级的同学告诉报社说，实施一段时间后他们注意到发生了改变，意在表明两位同学对报社表达了这个项目所带来的影响。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中“Teacher Nia Cummings says she even noticed students bouncing ideas off each other in class.”可知，Nia Cummings老师甚至留意到了学生们在课堂上互相探讨想法，因此根据Nia Cummings说的，禁止手使用机带来的好处是同学们在课堂上讨论的更多了。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中“Kevin Stansbury also called on all the schools in the community that it's worth paying close attention to cellphone issues at secondary schools and taking actions when necessary.”可知，Kevin Stansbury号召本社区内的其他学校，手机使用的问题是值得关注的，有必要的时候可以采取措施。

意在表明在社区内的其他学校也可能实施手机禁止的办法。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Limiting kids' recreational(消遣的) screen time to less than two hours a day, along with enough sleep and physical activity, is associated with improved cognition(认知), according to a study published in The Lancet Child&Adolescent Health.
The study included about 4,500 US children aged 8 to 11 and measured their habits against the Canadian24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth. It found that 51% of the children got the recommended(建议) nine to eleven hours of uninterrupted sleep per night, 37% met the recreational screen time limit of two hours or less per day, while 18% met the physical activity recommendation of at least 60 minutes of accumulated physical activity a day. Only 5% of the children in the study met all three recommendations; 30% met none at all.
The researchers found that as each recommendation was met by a participant, there was a positive association with global cognition, which includes memory, attention, processing speed and language. Those who met all three had the most "superior" global cognition, followed by those meeting the sleep and screen time recommendation and finally the screen time recommendation alone, according to the study.
Other organizations, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics have guidelines in place to help with the management of children's screen time. The organization suggests putting realistic rules or limits in place for how long your children are on their screens, knowing who they are talking to and what they are doing. The amount of recommended screen time depends on the age of the child. Besides, parents should also make sure to encourage physical activity and have bedroom rules such as creating "tech-free zones".
（1）Who are the target readers of this passage?
A.Researchers.
B.Teachers.
C.Parents.
D.Children.
（2）What is the main idea of this passage?
A.A study on children's screen time is published.
B.The US children fail to meet movement guidelines.
anizations are concerned about children's cognition.
D.Limitation on children's screen time is linked to better cognition.
（3）According to the passage, which of the following might contribute least to cognition?
A.The screen time limit.
B.Sleep hours.
C.The physical activity time.
D.Sleep hours and the screen time limit.
（4）Why does the American organization suggest creating "tech-free zones"?
A.To make sure children have enough physical playtime.
B.To make sure children have enough sleep time.
C.To make sure children have recreational time.
D.To protect children against radiation.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，因为这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Limiting kids' rec reational(消遣的) screen time to less than two hours a day, along with enough sleep and physical activity, is associated with improved cognition(认知), according to a study published in The Lancet Child&Adolescent Health.”可知，本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。

所以本文的目标读者是父母们，而不是研究人员、老师或儿童。

故选C。

（2）考查主旨大意。

本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼。

根据第三段中的“Those who met all three had the most 'superior' global cognition…”告诉父母们如果他们这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Those who met all t hree had the most 'superior' global cognition, followed by those meeting the sleep and screen time recommendation and finally the screen time recommendation alone, according to the study.”可知，满足三个要求的人认知能力最好，接下来是满足睡眠时间以及屏幕消遣限制时间，最后是满足屏幕消遣限制时间。

据此推断，体育锻炼对认知能力影响最小。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Besides, parents should also make sure to encourage physical activity and have bedroom rules such as creating 'tech-free zones'.”可知,the American Academy of Pediatrics建议父母们给孩子设立睡眠规则，例如“tech-free zones”，目的是确保孩子在卧室里有足够的睡眠时间。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
As a Fulbright（富布莱特法案基金）scholar at Yale, I wanted very much to get some individual help from some famous professors, but their office-hours were only once a week and there were always students waiting outside. At first, I was too polite to get their help. Then I realized that Chinese politeness does not work in this society. I needed to be aggressive to get what I wanted. I also noticed that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.
I was impressed by the role of the professor in the class. The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic feature of his interacting with his students was that he used
many modal verbs-far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said: "this
is my personal opinion and it could be wrong. It would be a good idea if you could read the book I mentioned the other day." Or," You may find the book I recommended helpful." Or, "You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting." When making comments on students' performances, the professor usually said:" It might have been much clearer if you had taken in some of the ideas we discussed earlier this semester."
In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question. I still remember how annoyed they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than those of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it. That is why they make far more certain statement than American students. That is why Chinese students find it difficult to use modal verbs because the function of modal verbs is to provide room for negotiation and different ideas.（1）The American professors use many modal verbs because they want to______.
A. argue with their students
B. be more sure about their answers
C. express their ideas more clearly
D. develop their students' own way of thinking
（2）Which of the following statements best expresses the author's idea?
A. Chinese professors can always give correct answer to the question.
B. American professors are not responsible since they don't give students answers.
C. American education produces aggressive students.
D. Education in China is not helpful in developing students' creativity.
（3）Which of the following methods did the author mainly employ in developing the article?
A. Comparison and contrast.
B. Cause and effect.
C. Giving examples.
D. Description.
（4）What is the author's attitude towards education in U.S.?
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Neutral
D. Unsure
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章描述中西方不同的文化背景下，学生的学习方式和表达方式的不同。

（1）推理判断题。

根据第二段的内容The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students.教
授并不作为权威，给出最后答案，而是作为研究者，和学生一起寻找问题的答案。

下句说
到他们和学生交流的语言特征是使用很多的情态动词，并举了很多例句，因此可推断美国
教授这样做是为了发展学生自己的思维方式。

故选D。

（2）推理判断题。

根据最后一段中作者的描述，中国学生总是期待教授给出问题的答案，他们对权威的期待比美国学生高的多，一旦中国学生得到答案，他们就很确定。

可推
断中国教育对发展学生的创造力是没有帮助的。

故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

通读全文可知，文章通过比较和对比来说明中西方学生的学习方式和
教育方式的不同。

故选A。

（4）细节理解题。

作者只是通过比较和对比来描述中西方学生的学习方式和教育方式的不同，并没有对美国教育加以评论，故作者对美国教育的态度是中立的。

故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，涉及推理判断题和细节理解题。

推理判断题要注意联系上下文，推断出所需信息；细节理解题要注意仔细阅读文章，从文中找出所需答案。

4．阅读理解
It is hard to say the first day of school in the United States because when the first day of school is and what happens on the first day of school usually are different by districts(地区).
The first day of school for many school districts in different states is on the day after the first Monday in September. In some other school districts, school begins in mid-to-late August. For example, the Denver, Colorado schools go back in mid-August and schools in Cleveland, Ohio start back usually one week before the first Monday in September. The Boston, Chicago, New York City and San Diego schools start back on the Tuesday or Wednesday after the first Monday in September.
Schools in Cleveland, Ohio used to start the school year on the day after the first Monday in September, but in the 1976-1977 and 1977-1978 academic years, the school year was affected by several bad snowstorms, extreme cold. In the 1978-1979 school year, the Ohio Department of Education moved the start of the year to late August, one week before the first Monday in September. This went into effect in the 1980-1981 school year.
In most school districts in Utah, the school year starts between August 25 and August 30, and goes until the last week of May or the first week in June next year.
In American high schools, the freshmen class usually goes back one or two days before the rest of the school body for an orientation(迎新)period. An orientation period helps the freshmen get familiar with their new school, its rules, and surroundings.
In some schools, the freshmen classes have their photographs taken for identification purposes. Some high schools have tried to make the first week of school fun for incoming freshmen.
（1）According to the passage, which schools start their school year the earliest?
A. Schools in Denver.
B. Schools in Cleveland.
C. Schools in New York City.
D. Schools in Boston.
（2）Why did the Ohio Department of Education change the start of the school year?
A. Because of some political events.
B. Because of the entrance examinations.
C. Because of the increasing number of students.
D. Because of the extreme weather.
（3）How many months does the school year last in schools in Utah?
A. About seven months.
B. About eight months.
C. About nine months.
D. About ten months.
（4）The article is probably taken from ________.
A. a book about one's life story
B. an official website of education
C. an advertisement in a newspaper
D. a sports magazine
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国开学第一天的日期没有明文规定，因地区而异。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的”For example, the Denver, Colorado schools go bac k in mid-August and schools in Cleveland, …Monday in September.“ 可知，丹佛的学校在八月中旬开学,克里夫兰的学校通常在9月的第一个星期一之前开始。

波士顿，芝加哥，纽约和圣地亚哥的学校在9月的第一个星期一之后的周二或周三开始。

综上所述，丹佛的学校开学最早。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"but in the 1976-1977 and 1977-1978 academic years，the school year was affected by several bad snowstorms，extreme cold"可知俄亥俄州的学校受到暴风雪的影响，因而开学日发生了变化。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”In most school districts in Utah, the school year starts …next year.“可知犹太州学年从8月25日到8月30日开始，一直持续到5月的最后一周或明年6月的第一周，持续时间为九个月左右，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了美国学校开学第一天的日期的内容，应属教育类，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary. But this question never happens about their mother tongue, and yet, it was a foreign language once. However, among all the questions that new parents ask, no doctor has ever heard: "Will my baby be able to learn my language?" Be honest, do you know all the words of your mother tongue? The answer is: "no".
New words, and new ways of using old words, appear every day. Twenty years ago, who could have been able to understand a sentence like this: "Click here to download your digital book."? Nobody. You never stop learning new vocabulary and you never know how long you will need it. Sometimes, you have the word on the tip of your tongue...and it sticks there! But you do know this phenomenon(现象) and don't think that it is because of a bad memory. You should not give this phenomenon more importance in the language you are learning than in your mother tongue. You need to learn only 2000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need. You can't avoid some work in order to learn these necessary words and all the more if you want to learn quickly. And before you consider buying into any method, be sure it is right for you. It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics(记忆群). The first few words seem very easy to learn, so you buy the course, but then you discover quickly, though too late, that a dozen words later, it is all the more difficult to learn a new word when you have also to learn the trick to memorize it.
（1）From the first paragraph, we can infer that ______.
A. there is no need to know all the words of a foreign language
B. it is honest to answer "no" to a question you don't know
C. a baby can know all the new words of its mother tongue
D. people find it hard to memorize vocabulary of their language
（2）To learn a foreign language, the author advises you ______.
A.to remember new words appearing every day
B.to keep up with new ways of using old words
C.to learn at least 2,000 necessary words
D.to pay more attention to your bad memory
（3）The author's attitude to mnemonics is________.
A.supportive
B.neutral
C.opponent
D.indifferent
（4）The passage is mainly about ______.
ing old words in a new way
B.learning new words from the context
C.finding a method to memorize vocabulary
D.learning vocabulary of a foreign language
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，很多学习外语的人都有一个困惑是否要记忆足够多的单词，作者的回答是"不"，文章告诉人们应该掌握多少个基本单词，且不能为了学习这些必要的单词而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助记法的方法都是不明智的。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“To be honest，do you know all the words of your mother tongue？The answer is‘No’．“说实话，你知道你母语的所有单词吗?"答案是:"不"。

可知，一个人既然连自己的母语的词汇都不可能全部认识，那么在学习外语时，也就没有必要记住所有的词汇。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“You need to learn only 2，000 or so basic words to be able to create any phrase you need.”你只需要学习2000个左右的基本单词就能创造出任何你需要的短语。

可知为了学习一门外语，作者建议你至少学习2000个必要的单词。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“It is not wise to depend on any method based upon mnemonics.”依靠任何基于记忆术的方法都是不明智的。

可知作者对记忆术的态度是反对的。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“When it comes to learning a foreign language, many people wonder if they will be able to memorize enough vocabulary.”当谈到学习一门外语时，许多人想知道他们是否能记住足够的词汇。

以及文章主要内容围绕学习外语时的词汇量问
题，所以短文主要是关于学习一门外语的词汇量。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
A story posted by The New York Post Monday tells the tale of Katrina Holte, a Hillsboro woman who quit her job to cosplay a 1950s housewife.
Let me start by expressing admiration to Holte for using her 2019 freedoms to follow her 1950s dreams. Everyone should be so lucky as to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.
But as much fun as I am sure she is having living a vintage (复古的) life, which literally includes watching shows like "I Love Lucy" and listening to vinyl recordings (刻录碟片), I think it's important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.
For example, once I called my grandma and asked her for her recipe for Cloud Biscuits, these delicious biscuits she used to make that we would cover with butter and homemade raspberry jam on Thanksgiving.
"Why would you want that?" she said. "Go to the store. Go to the freezer section. Buy some pre-made biscuits and put them in the oven."
She straight-up refused to give me the recipe, because it was hard and took a long time to make. In her mind, it was a waste of time.
Getting off the phone, it occurred to me that spending every day of your life serving a husband and five children wasn't fun at all. And then there are the grandchildren who eventually come along demanding Cloud Biscuits, a whole new expanded set of people to feed.
She was basically a slave to those hungry mouths, cooking scratch meals three times a day. When she wasn't trapped in the kitchen, she had to keep the house clean, make sure she looked good enough to be socially acceptable, and make sure her kids and husband looked good enough to be socially acceptable. And she had no days off.
I know my grandma loves her kids and her grandkids, her husband and the life she led, but man, it must have been a lot of thankless, mindless labor.
No wonder everyone went all-in on processed foods when they came around. Imagine the nice break something like a microwave dinner would give a woman working, unpaid, for her family every single day?
I also had another grandma. She was a scholar who helped found the Center for the Study of Women in Society at University of Oregon. She was a pioneering second-wave feminist who wrote books, gave lectures and traveled the world.
But, she did all of that after divorcing my grandpa, when most of her kids were out of the house. Back then, in the 1950s and the 1960s, there was no illusion about women "having it all". How could that even possibly happen? If you were taking care of a family, waiting on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream.
A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.
And of course, these women I am talking about are upper-middle-class white women. Romanticizing the 1950s is especially disgusting when you think about how women of color and poor women were treated back then, and the lack of education and choices available to them.
Because the women in this country demanded something approaching equality, Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.
We still don't have pay equality and in many states, we still don't have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.
And while it's getting better, women are still expected to be responsible for the emotional labor of running a household and raising the children.
But at least we can get jobs. At least we don't have to sew our own clothes, wear a full face of makeup every day and spend hours making Cloud Biscuits some ungrateful kid will wolf down, barely remembering to say thank you.
（1）According to the author, what is the future our foremothers fought for?
A. Watching shows like "I Love Lucy" and listening to vinyl recordings.
B. Having the freedom to make choices in their daily life.
C. Making Cloud Biscuits for their kids and husbands.
D. Making sure their kids and husbands socially acceptable.
（2）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 13 refer to?
A. Writing books, giving lectures and traveling the world.
B. Divorcing husband when kids were out of house.
C. Taking care of a family and waiting on husband.
D. Women's illusion about "having it all".
（3）What does the "Stockholm Syndrome" in paragraph 14 really mean in the passage?
A. Women have been used to the unfair treatment at home
B. Women nowadays like the way of life in the 1950s.
C. Victims end up sympathizing with the abusers.
D. Women have the chance to live out their dreams.
（4）The author thinks of the life of a 1950s housewife as ________.
A. fantastic
B. admirable
C. awful
D. unforgettable
（5）What can we learn from the passage?
A. It was a waste of time to give grandchildren the recipe.
B. All women are not lucky to follow their own dreams in America now.
C. Housewives received recognition for their efforts from family members.
D. The upper-middle-class white women did a better job in running the household.
（6）What is the author's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show great appreciation to her grandmas.
B. To call on housewives to claim the pay for the housework they undertake.
C. To draw readers' attention to the situations women face, especially those poor and of color.
D. To arouse women's awareness of equal pay at work.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
（5）B
（6）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来，同时想让读者注意到女性所面临的处境，尤其是那些贫穷的有色人种。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Everyone should be so lucky a s to get to decide what they wear and how they spend their time. That's the future our foremothers fought for.”每个人都应该很幸运，能够决定自己穿什么，如何度过时间。

这就是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来，可知，作者认为在日常生活中拥有选择的自由是我们的祖先为之奋斗的未来。

故选B。

（2）考查代词指代。

根据第十三段中的“If you were taking care of a family, waitin g on your husband, you had no time to follow your dreams, unless you made that your dream.”如果你要照顾一个家庭，服侍你的丈夫，你就没有时间去追求你的梦想，除非你把它当成你的梦想，可知，that指代的其实是前面的内容，也就是taking care of a family, waiting on your husband。

故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第十四段中的“A lot of women took that approach. We call it Stockholm Syndrome now.”很多女性采取了这种方式。

我们现在称之为Stockholm Syndrome，可知，我们现在把1950s很多女性接受了这个方式生活下去的这个现象称作Stockholm Syndrome。

根据上文可知，1950s很多女性的生活方式则是——照顾家庭、服侍丈夫、没有时间去追求自己的梦想，这对女性来讲是不公平的，故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“I think it's important to remember that being a 1950s housewife was actually totally awful, and something our grandmothers and mothers fought against.”我认为重要的是要记住，作为一个50年代的家庭主妇实际上是非常糟糕的，这是我们的祖母和母亲所反对的。

可知，作者认为20世纪50年代家庭主妇的生活很糟糕。

故选C。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第四段中的“ Holte has the chance to live out her fantasy. Not every woman in America is so lucky.”霍尔特有机会实现她的梦想。

不是每个美国女人都这么幸运。

可推知，在美国，并不是所有的女性都有机会追逐自己的梦想。

故选B。

（6）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段“We still don't have pay equality and in many states, we still don't have autonomy over our own bodies. Poor women and women of color still lack the opportunities of their wealthy and white peers.”我们仍然没有薪酬平等，在许多州，我们仍然没有对自己身体的自主权。

贫困妇女和有色人种妇女仍然缺乏与富裕和白人妇女同等的机会。

由可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是让读者注意到女性所面临的情况，尤其是那些贫穷和有色人种的情况。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，词义猜测和推理判断四个题型的考查，是一
篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Physical education, or PE, isn't required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn't offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly "yes".
Today many people don't do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.
High school isn't that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student's studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school.
The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don't get teens to move around, such as video games and computer activities, means many teens don't get their required exercise. PE classes act as a public health measure to encourage physical activities and help teens have healthy weights.
Not doing sports increases teens' risk of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes toward treating medical conditions that can be hindered by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine.
According to the President's Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.
（1）According to Paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean?
A.Making teens attach importance to exercise later.
B.Removing the stress faced by teens at school.
C.Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise.
D.Helping teens learn to make good plans.
（2）What does the underlined word "hindered" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.measured.
B.prevented.
C.shown.
D.caused.
（3）According to the PCFSN, doing sports .
A.means making students choose between sports and studies
B.helps students make good use of all their time。