英国文学史上个大名家

1 William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry
VIII
②Four Comedies:<As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A
Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼
斯商人
③Four Tragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王;
<Macbeth>麦克白
④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic
pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
2. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。

）
①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园
<Paradise Regained>复乐园
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③<Areopagitica>论出版自由
<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩
④<On His Blindness>我的失明
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of
Italian sonnet.
Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can
endure the suffering best.
3. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。

与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。

）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:<The Pilgrim’s Progress>天路历程
4. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
①Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
②Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:<Forbidding Mourning>
5 Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。

）
①<Gulliver’s Travels>格列佛游记(fictional work)
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛
<A Modest Proposal>一个小小的建议
②<The Battle of Books>书战
③<A Tale of a Tub>木桶的故事
④ <The Drapper’s Letters>一个麻布商的书信
6 Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。

）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure
and style.
①novels:
<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling>弃婴汤姆•琼斯
<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews>约瑟夫•安德鲁
<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great>大诗人江奈生•威尔德
<Amelia>爱米利亚
②plays:
<The Historical Register for 1736>一七三六年历史记事
<Don Quixote in England>堂吉柯德在英国
7 William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。

The Lake Poets）
① <Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
②<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud>
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It
is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he
is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In
the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a
vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s
philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.
③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
② <The Prelude>序曲
8 George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。

内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。

恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。

）
“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.
①<Don Juan>唐•璜
<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记
<Cain>该隐
②<When We Two Parted>当初我们俩分别
<She Walks In Beauty>
9 Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
①<Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情
<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见(chapter I)
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice
dissolved
【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step
if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of
aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships
unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic
characters
<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园
<Emma>爱玛
<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺
<Persuasion>劝导
10. Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
① <The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club>匹克威克外传
② <Oliver Twist>奥利弗•特维斯特（雾都孤儿）
③ <The Old Curiosity Shop>老古玩店
④<A Christmas Carol>圣诞颂歌
⑤ <Dombey and Son>董贝父子
⑥ <David Copperfield>大卫•科波菲尔
⑦ <Bleak House>荒凉山庄
<Hard Times>艰难时世
⑧ <A Tale of Two Cities>双城记(London & Paris)
⑨ <Great Expectations>远大前程
⑩ <Our Mutual Friend>我们共同的朋友
是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。

他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。

11 Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855
① <Jane Eyre>简•爱
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at
Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those middle-class working women struggling for
recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.
② <Shirley>雪莉
③ <Professor>教师
12 Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854
① < Wuthering Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.
【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the daughter
Catherine, Heathcliff
【The Linton Family】Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella
② < Old Stoic>
13 Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）
① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
② < Break, Break, Break>
③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
14 Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。

Wessex novels; novels of character and environment）
⑪Novels
① <Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not as to duration
② < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德
③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下
④ < Far From The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣
⑤ < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥ < The Return of the Native>还乡
⑫ Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
15 Thomas Gray(托马斯.格雷)1716~1771
Quadruple Alliance（四国联盟，英俄奥地利普鲁士）
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌
Ode on Spring 春之颂
Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College
Hymn to Adversity逆境颂。