英语八年级知识点句型总结

英语八年级知识点句型总结
1. Simple Present Tense
- We use the simple present tense to talk about regular actions or events in the present. e.g. She eats breakfast every morning.
- We also use the simple present to talk about general truths, facts or habits.
e.g. The sun rises in the east.
2. Present Continuous Tense
- We use the present continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the present time.
e.g. I am studying for my exams.
- We also use the present continuous to talk about future plans or arrangements.
e.g. They are meeting at the park tomorrow.
3. Simple Past Tense
- We use the simple past tense to talk about actions or events that happened in the past.
e.g. He lived in Paris for 5 years.
- We also use the simple past tense to talk about past habits or states.
e.g. When I was a child, I played with dolls.
4. Past Continuous Tense
- We use the past continuous tense to talk about actions that were happening at a specific time in the past.
e.g. She was cooking dinner when the phone rang.
- We also use the past continuous to talk about longer actions in the past that were interrupted.
e.g. They were watching a movie when the power went out.
5. Future Tenses
- We use 'will' + base verb to talk about future actions that we decide to do at the time of speaking.
e.g. I will go to the mall after school.
- We also use 'be going to' + base verb to talk about future plans or intentions.
e.g. We are going to have a picnic next weekend.
Unit 2: Adjectives and Adverbs
1. Adjectives
- Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns (people, places, things, and ideas). e.g. She has a beautiful dress.
- Adjectives can be used at the beginning of a sentence to describe the noun that follows.
e.g. Hungry, they ate quickly.
2. Adverbs
- Adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
e.g. He walks slowly.
- Adverbs can be used to show manner, place, time, frequency, or degree.
e.g. She carefully examined the painting.
3. Comparative and Superlative
- We use the comparative form of adjectives when comparing two things or people.
e.g. The car is faster than the bike.
- We use the superlative form of adjectives when comparing three or more things or people.
e.g. She is the tallest girl in the class.
4. Irregular Adjectives and Adverbs
- Some adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms.
e.g. good - better - best
- These forms do not follow the regular pattern of adding -er or -est.
Unit 3: Prepositions
1. Time Prepositions
- We use time prepositions to indicate when something happens.
e.g. He arrived at 3 o'clock.
- Common time prepositions include at, on, in, and during.
2. Place Prepositions
- We use place prepositions to indicate where something is located or in which direction something is moving.
e.g. The cat is on the table.
- Common place prepositions include in, on, at, under, over, between, and among.
3. Direction Prepositions
- We use direction prepositions to indicate the movement of something from one place to another.
e.g. The train is going towards London.
- Common direction prepositions include to, from, into, and out of.
4. Prepositional Phrases
- Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and a noun or pronoun, and they act as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.
e.g. The book is on the shel
f.
Unit 4: Gerunds and Infinitives
1. Gerunds
- A gerund is a verb form that acts as a noun in a sentence, ending in -ing.
e.g. Swimming is her favorite hobby.
- Gerunds can be the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb or preposition, or part of a compound noun.
2. Infinitives
- An infinitive is a verb form that is used with 'to' and functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb in a sentence.
e.g. She likes to read books.
- Infinitives can be used as subjects, objects, complements, or modifiers.
3. Verbs Followed by Gerunds or Infinitives
- Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive, with a change in meaning.
e.g. I remembered locking the door. (I locked the door and then remembered it.)
I remembered to lock the door. (I remembered that I had to lock the door, and I did it.) Unit 5: Reported Speech
1. Reporting Verbs
- Reporting verbs are used to report what someone else has said, thought, or felt.
e.g. She said, "I am going to the party." (direct speech)
She said that she was going to the party. (reported speech)
2. Tense Changes
- When changing direct speech to reported speech, there are changes in the tense of the verbs, pronouns, and time expressions.
e.g. "I am reading a book," she said. (direct speech)
She said that she was reading a book. (reported speech)
3. Pronoun Changes
- Pronouns also change from the first person to the third person when reporting speech.
e.g. "I will come with you," he said. (direct speech)
He said that he would come with me. (reported speech)
4. Reporting Questions
- Reported questions are introduced by question words (who, what, when, where, why, how), and the question structure changes to a statement structure.
e.g. "Where are you going?" she asked. (direct speech)
She asked where he was going. (reported speech)
Unit 6: Passive Voice
1. Passive Voice Structure
- The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action and the subject becomes less important.
e.g. The ball was kicked by the boy.
- The structure of the passive voice is:
be + past participle (verb form)
e.g. The report will be submitted by Friday.
2. When to Use the Passive Voice
- We use the passive voice when we want to emphasize the action or the object of the action, rather than the person or thing that performs the action.
e.g. The cake was eaten by the children. (emphasizing the action)
- We also use the passive when we do not know the subject or when it is not important.
e.g. My car was stolen last night.
3. Changing Active to Passive
- To change an active sentence to passive, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
e.g. They will elect a new president. (active)
A new president will be elected by them. (passive)
4. Passive with Modals
- Modals (can, could, may, might, must, should, etc.) are used in the passive voice to show the possibility, necessity, or permission of an action.
e.g. This document should be signed by the director.
Unit 7: Conditionals
1. First Conditional
- The first conditional is used to talk about possible future situations, real events, or actions.
e.g. If it rains, I will bring an umbrella.
- The structure of the first conditional is: if + present simple, will + base verb.
2. Second Conditional
- The second conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present or future, or situations that are unlikely to happen.
e.g. If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
- The structure of the second conditional is: if + past simple, would + base verb.
3. Third Conditional
- The third conditional is used to talk about imaginary situations in the past, situations that did not happen.
e.g. If she had studied harder, she would have passed the test.
- The structure of the third conditional is: if + past perfect, would have + past participle. 4. Mixed Conditionals
- Mixed conditionals combine elements of the second and third conditionals to show a connection between a past condition and a present or future result.
e.g. If I had known you were coming, I would not have made other plans.
Unit 8: Reported Questions
1. Changing Direct to Reported Questions
- When changing direct questions to reported questions, question words (who, what, when, where, why, how) are used to form the reported question.
e.g. Direct question: "Where are you going?"
Reported question: She asked where I was going.
2. Tense Changes
- The tense of the reported question depends on the tense of the direct question.
e.g. Direct question in present simple: "Do you like ice cream?"
Reported question in past simple: She asked if I liked ice cream.
3. Reporting Verbs
- Reporting verbs such as asked, wondered, and wanted to know are used to introduce reported questions.
e.g. He asked where she had been.
4. Yes/No Questions and Wh- Questions
- Yes/no questions are reported using if or whether, and wh- questions are reported with the appropriate question word.
e.g. Direct yes/no question: "Are you coming?"
Reported yes/no question: She asked if I was coming.
Direct wh- question: "When did you arrive?"
Reported wh- question: He asked when I had arrived.
By reviewing and understanding these sentence structures and grammar rules, you will be better equipped to communicate effectively in English. Practice using these structures in your writing and speaking, and you will see improvement in your language skills. Good luck!。