2021年上海邦德四中高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析

2021年上海邦德四中高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
People in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands. Personal utensils (餐具) were mostly unheard of, especially forks. There were spoons to help serve, but only special guests would receive a knife from the host. Everyone else would be expected to bring their own. Of course, eating with one's hands can be quite a sticky situation, so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.
Still, dining was often a messy affair. At special occasions in the wealthiest households, women tended to dine alone, separate from the men. Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace. Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help! Once the men and women had finished their meals, they would come together to socialize.
Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness. The lightest and most easily digested foods, such as fruits and cheeses, were eaten first to help the digestive (消化) system get started. Once digestion was underway, greens and light meats, such as lettuce, cabbage and chicken, could be eaten. Last came the heavier vegetables and meats, such as carrots, beans, beef, pork, and mutton. This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.
The main and largest meal of the day was supper, and it was eaten at midday. Dinner was a light meal, and many of those in nobility (贵族) -the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether. Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work. Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way. Commoners, or the working class, were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.
1. What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table?
A. They cleaned hands before meals.
B. They used personal utensils.
C. They had to use knives at dinner.
D. They ate mostly with hands.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The order of eating foods.
B. The weight of various foods.
C. The principles of digesting foods.
D. The list of healthy foods.
3. Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast?
A. Breakfast was wasted for the nobility.
B. Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary.
C. Breakfast was considered as a light meal.
D. Breakfast was saved for commoners.
B
I was in the second year of my Ph. D. program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had an extra hour every day. Without much consideration, I said I would use it to help others. The question kept coming to my mind. Like many graduate students, I was overwhelmed (难以承受的) with research, teaching, coursework, and some attempt at a personal life. Still, I asked myself, "Do I really need a 25th hour to help other people-or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have?"
I needed something to help me return to my old self. After that conversation with my colleague, I googled (谷歌搜索) “volunteer opportunities near me”. A local organization that drives people to stores or appointments was looking for volunteers. Having grown up in a rural village where everyone knew oneanother and my grandparents were always close by, I thought serving senior citizens in my new hometown might be just what I needed.
A short time later, I started to volunteer for an organization that provides transportation for senior citizens and people with disabilities. To my surprise, adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to calm the confusion I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.
I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend, the time I otherwise would have wasted oversleeping or scrolling (滚屏) through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more rewarding. What they told me about their lives helped me realize that in every corner of the world, humans are connected with the languageof emotions. And seeing how eager my riders were to spend time out and about inspired me to think about how to spend my time, which used to slip away. My previously overwhelming schedule began to feel manageable.
I'm proud of who I have become, and I continue to reflect on how I'm using the most valuable thing in life: my time.
4. Why did the author ask himself the question in Paragraph 1?
A. He wanted to return to normal life.
B. He was busy but wanted to help others.
C. He couldn't bear too much school work.
D. He couldn't answer his colleague's question.
5. How did the author find the volunteer job?
A. A colleague recommended it.
B. A local organization offered it.
C. He got it from his grandparents.
D. He got it by surfing on the Internet.
6. What made the author feel his volunteer job was worth doing?
A. Communicating with his riders.
B. Improving his language learning.
C. Meeting his grandparents often.
D. Realizing his previous dream.
7. How did volunteering influence the author?
A. It helped himbecome confident and efficient.
B. He found a good way to live a free and quiet life.
C. He realized he had wasted too much time pursuing his Ph.
D.
D. It inspired him to spare more time to accompany his grandparents.
C
A male tiger was rescued in Mishan city, Northeast China's Heilongjiang province, on Friday. A tiger was recently seen on the Siner Russian border（边界），but there is no evidence to suggest this is the same tiger or that it had lost its way from Russia.
Wherever it may have come from, cross-border protection of endangered species is a problem. According to Ma Jianzhang, a senior wild animal researcher in China, tigers know no borders, which have been built to stop humans from illegally crossing over. However, these borders also stop the free movement of tigers, thus preventing their breeding（繁殖）and exchange of genes.
The Sino-Russian border alsocomes in the way ofprotecting tigers in the region. Data show about 500 to 550 Siberian tigers, or over 90 percent of the species, live in the wild in Russia; 27 live in the wild in China, and 50 inthe border region. Sometimes tigers lose their way across the border and that is hindering（妨碍）efforts to stop illegal hunting and protecting them.
Fortunately, both China and Russia have realized this problem and are working toward solving it. As early as 2010, the two countries established a cross-border protection network aimed at strengthening communication on protecting tigers in the northeast. The countries have also held anti-poaching（反偷猎）activities together. In 2019,
two national parks from the two countries signed a three-year deal to share research data on tigers, greatly improving the living conditions of Siberian tigers in the wild.
However, much more needs to be done to protect the species. It is necessary to combine the tiger protection areas in the two countries. That will require greater efforts from both sides and some difficulties might remain even then. Fortunately, both countries have been taking effective measures to provide the endangered species a better home.
8. What's the original purpose of setting up the Sino-Russian borders?
A. To ban people from illegal crossings.
B. To help protect tigers in the region.
C. To protect tigers from losing their way.
D. To stop tigers' breeding and exchange of genes.
9. What does the underlined phrase “comes in the way of” probably mean?
A. keeps from.
B. is on the way to
C. is aimed at
D. keeps up
10. What is the focus of Paragraph 4 ?
A. Recent studies and researches on tigers.
B. Joint efforts by China and Russia to protect tigers.
C. The possible effects of establishing a network
D. Reasons for improving the living conditions of tigers.
11. What's the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To inform the possible dangers of tiger protection.
B. To cover the news about a missing tiger on the border.
C. To put forward suggestions on finding the missing tiger.
D. To report the problems and measures of cross-border tiger protection.
D
Some of the oldest art in human history is being damaged, scientists say. And climate change may be speeding up its loss. Newresearch reports that ancient rock art in Indonesian caves is degrading over time, as bits of rock slowly break off from the walls. It's a huge loss for human history.
Salt crystals（结晶）building up on the walls are a key part of the problem, the study suggests. These salt crystals go into the cave walls, changing sizes as temperatures rise and fall. This process causes the rock to slowly break down.
Salt crystals may become larger when exposed to repeated changes between wet conditions and periods of drought. These kinds of changes are expected to become more obvious as the climate continues to warm.
In particular, the researchers say, climate change may cause more intense El Nino（厄尔尼诺）events in the future. These events can strengthen the kinds of conditions that help salt crystals form Scientists are still debating the exact influence of climate change on El Nino, a natural climate cycle that drives changing patterns of warming and cooling in thePacific Ocean.
The new study, led by Jillian Huntley, examined 11 ancient cave art sites in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The researchers found evidence of salt formation at all 11 sites. It's merely a small part There are more than 300 known eave art sites around the region. The researchers note that salt crystals may indeed be part of the problem, adding that climate change is a growing threat, one that deserves more attention.
12. What is the main cause of the rocks breaking off from the wall?
A. Weather patterns.
B. Salt crystals.
C. Wet conditions.
D. Drought Periods.
13. Which of the following may researchers agree with?
A. El Nino events prevent salt crystals forming.
B. Climate change makes little difference to El Nino.
C.Salt crystals may become much larger in wet conditions.
D. Constant warm weather may cause salt crystals to change size.
14. Which word best describes Huntley's attitude to climate change?
A. Worried.
B. Curious.
C. Doubtful.
D. Positive.
15. What can we learn from thelast paragraph?
A. The formation and patterns of salt crystals.
B. The impact of climate change on ancient rock arts.
C. The historical value of ancient rock art in cave sites.
D. The threats of human activities to ancient eave art sites.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项To limit the spread of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, health experts say people should practice social distancing.___16___
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, social distancing involves “avoiding mass
gatherings” and “maintaining distance” whenever possible. Even standing six feet apart from one another, people can spread the virus through droplets from coughs and sneezes.___17___
Dr. Susy Hota is an infectious-disease specialist at the University of Toronto, in Canada. “Social distancing is a very general term,” she says. “There are a bunch of different types of measures that can fall under it.”___18___They are also advised to cancel playdates and sports events. “All of these measures are trying to achieve the same thing,” Hota says.
Denise Rousseau is a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She says social distancing is a response to the idea that many people can’t stay home all the time, even during a disease outbreak.___19___“By keeping space between themselves and others, people can reduce the possibility that the virus can be spread,” she adds.
___20___For example, when people are on public transportation or elevators, it is hard to keep a certain distance from each other. Going to the bank or grocery store can also be hard. In these cases, social distancing means simply doing the best you can.
A. They recommend this practice.
B. But what does that really mean?
C. Social distancing limits the chances of that.
D. People have lives that they need to continue to live.
E. If kids don’t go to school, they can be protected from the virus.
F. For kids, these include learning from home instead of going to school.
G. Both Hota and Rousseau know it can be difficult to keep away from others in some situations.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项The Fall leaves are really starting to change now. It looks like the trees and mountains have become a canvas___21___by a loving artist. The bright, beautiful reds are___22___in the sunlight and the yellows are glittering(闪耀)like___23___. Some trees have only a few leaves changed, some are half-way and others have already completely___24___. Some of the leaves are falling to the ground to turning it into a color1 ful___25___. I am enjoying this so much becauseI am___26___ aware when winter arrives all of the trees will be___27___with the leaves down. It is always a little ___28___to see but I know it is the circle of life. Those dead leaves will become the soil that nourishes(滋养)the trees and___29___new life next spring.
Today I noticed a lovely little girl from our____30____picking up the fallen leaves from the ground. The
prettiest reds, yellows, and oranges were picked up and____31____in her arms. Soon she had quite a pile and____32____carried them over to her Mom and then with a smile gave them to her as if they were delicate flowers. Her Mom accepted them with a smile and together they____33____ them out on their porch and stared at them like the priceless____34____.
I watched this____35____from my living room window with a smile on my face as well. The world____36____a circle of love as well as a circle of life. And I am____37____that the former like the latter will never end. It will____38____all through this life and into the next. Take your place in the circle. Give love. Receive love. Live every day of your life to the____39____with love. And your ____40____will shine bright like the most beautiful tree in Autumn.
21. A. sought B. painted C. discovered D. praised
22. A. shining B. burning C. flashing D. shaking
23. A. pearl B. star C. gold D. dream
24. A. gone B. reserved C. allocated D. transformed
25. A. pad B. bed C. curtain D. carpet
26. A. completely B. finally C. casually D. partly
27. A. fruitful B. bare C. safe D. natural
28. A. relaxing B. strange C. sad D. boring
29. A. brings up B. brings about C. brings forward D. brings in
30. A. class B. club C. group D. community
31. A. held B. received C. admired D. searched
32. A. secretly B. carefully C. clumsily D. gradually
33. A. threw B. sent C. figured D. spread
34. A. potentials B. chances C. treasures D. exchanges
35. A. scene B. view C. story D. notice
36. A. directs B. shares C. stores D. creates
37. A. positive B. frustrated C. content D. doubtful
38. A. return B. break C. continue D. remain
39. A. fastest B. easiest C. coolest D. fullest
40. A. face B. soul C. appearance D. state
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Would you like____41.____（get）in touch with your friends? Do you send a text____42.____make a phone call? A new study in theJournal of Experimental Psychologysuggests that you____43.____（call）instead of____44.____（send）a text. Calling makes you feel more connected to your friends.
Scientists asked 200 people to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone. Many people____45.____（think）that a phone call would be more awkward. But____46.____（actual）, hearing someone's voice made the experience____47.____（good）.
According to the study, people like to text because they can have more control. They can think about their message before they send it, and they won't be cut off or interrupted while messaging.
But____48.____the other hand, texting can make____49.____hard to understand the true meaning of a conversation. Making a phone call is more natural. You don't need to overthink the possible meanings behind the words and punctuation____50.____can be useful in a text.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last week I notice a spider in my bathtub. I must admit its long legs were a little bit frightened. For the next few day, each time I was entered the bathroom, I would find it still in the bathtub. Then, it sudden occurred to me that the spider might have been trapped and unable to get out of the bathtub. So, I gathered my courage and was able to move them onto a small piece of string attached on my hairbrush. In end, I carried it safely to the window from that it made its way outside. I felt a great sense of joy in rescue the poor little fellow.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是红星中学学生李华，你想邀请你校外教Peter参加你校所举办的建党100周年庆祝活动。

请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.介绍活动安排；
3.期待回复。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.参考词汇：the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC建党一百周年庆祝活动。

Dear Peter,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. A 9. A 10. B 11. D
12. B 13. D 14. A 15. B
16. B 17. C 18. F 19. D 20. G
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32.
B 33. D 34.
C 35. A 36.
D 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. B
41. to get 42. or 43. (should) call 44. sending 45. thought 46. actually 47. better 48. on 49. it 50. that/which
51.(1).notice→noticed
(2).frightened→ frightening
(3).day→ days
(4). was 去掉
(5). sudden→suddenly
(6). them→it
(7). on→ to
(8).In end 之间加the
(9).that→which
(10). rescue→rescuing
52.略。