专业八级-727

专业八级-727
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
三、The American Tax System(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
（分数：10.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：compulsory）
解析：[听力原文]1-10
The American Tax System
Government budgets deal not only with expenditures, but with revenues. Governments raise revenues through taxation.
A tax is a compulsory payment to government.
Taxes can be levied and classified in may ways. In the United States and many other Western countries there are three principal types of taxes: taxes on income, taxes on wealth and taxes on activities.
Taxes on Income
Income taxes are based on net income what remains after certain items are deducted from gross income. The items that can be deducted and the tax rates that are applied are specified by law and differ between the personal income tax and the corporation income tax.
Personal Income Tax
Every year in April, millions of American taxpayers begin to sort their previous year's income and expense records in order to prepare individual income tax returns. This is the first step that must be completed to determine the personal income tax.
In calculating this tax you would be allowed to take specific types of deductions and exemptions. For instance, some deductions that may be made (within limits) from your income are donations to the Red Cross, to your alma mater, and to various other nonprofit organizations. You may also deduct some payments for doctors' bills, X rays, and medicine taxes paid to state and local governments; interest paid on loans; and various other outlays. In addition, tax allowances or exemptions are permitted for support of yourself, your family, and your dependents. In this way the government acknowledges the fact that larger families require more funds than smaller ones to meet their living costs.
The amount of income tax you would have to pay at a given income level depends on several things. These include whether you are single or married and what the particular tax rates happen to be at the time. The rates are usually revised by Washington every few years. Nevertheless, certain features of a tax-rate schedule never change.
Corporation Income Tax
The federal government's second largest source of revenue is the corporate income tax. (Many states also tax corporate incomes, but at lower rates. ) The corporate income tax is simple to calculate because it is based on the difference between a company's total income and its total expenses—its net recent decades it has averaged close to 50 percent.
Taxes on Wealth
Property taxes are levied primarily on land and buildings. The taxes vary from low rates in some rural areas where services are minor to high rates in localities with good streets, schools, and public safety facilities.
Death taxes are levied on estates by the federal government and on inheritances by some state
governments. The rates depend on values and amounts. Like income taxes, death taxes exempt small estates and inheritances but tax the unexempt portions at progressive rates. Many wealthy people would try to avoid these taxes by distributing most of their property before death. Therefore, gift taxes are imposed on the transfer of assets beyond certain values. However, various legal devices, such as trust funds and family foundations, have enabled many wealthier individuals to lighten the weight of these taxes.
Taxes on Activities
Sales taxes are imposed by many state and local governments. These taxes are flat percentage levied on the retail prices of items. In some states or cities such commodities as food, medicine, and services are exempt. In other places they are not. The federal government imposes no "general" sales tax on the final sale of goods. However, it does impose special sales taxes, called excise taxes, on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of liquor, gasoline, and other products. From time to time, in order to raise more money, political and economic efforts are exerted to introduce a value-added tax (VAT). This is a type of national sales tax paid by manufacturers and merchants on the value contributed to a product at each stage of its production and distribution. However, this form of tax, although common in Europe, has not yet gained sufficiently wide acceptance for adoption in the United States.
Social security taxes are payroll taxes levied by the federal government. The taxes finance our compulsory social insurance program covering old-age and unemployment benefits. The contributions come from both employees and employers and are based on the incomes of the former. Social security tax should not be confused with the income tax which is also a tax on earnings. Social security taxes are used for a specific purpose. Income taxes are used for many purposes.
Now, you have 2 minutes to check your notes , and then complete the gap-filling task on Answer Sheet One in ten minutes.
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：transfer）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：returns）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：exemptions）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：alma mater）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：nonprofit）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：buildings）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：estates）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：retail）
解析：
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：payroll）
解析：
四、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
五、Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
(总题数：1，分数：5.00)
（分数：5.00）
A.agrees
B.disapproves √
C.hopes
D.doubts
解析：[听力原文]1-5
INTERVIEWER: On the matter of careers, a lot of the jobs that people go into are sort of lifetime careers. What about baseball? Is it a full life-time career?
MIKE: It's been—I mean, it's been my life so far, you know. I know someday—could be tomorrow—that I'm going to be out of it.
INTERVIEWER: But how long can you really expect to... to play, let's say, actively?
MIKE: Well, I think I've set goals, and I made my first goal, which was to make it to the big leagues. And now, my next goal is to make it through four years... to get my pension. And after that, everything is...
INTERVIEWER: But how many years can you expect to play professional ball?
MIKE: It's...I'm a pitcher, and it's difficult, as a pitcher to really say how many years... because you never know whether you're going to have a sore arm, whether it's going to go on you or what the problem may be. But as a pitcher, I guess the prime—I'm 24 years old now, and this is my sixth year—and the prime time for a pitcher is 27 to 30.
INTERVIEWER: Well, is there any problem with a sort of feeling of insecurity?
MIKE: Yeah, there is, especially, like I said—my first year. I disciplined myself, and I worked hard—and that's what got me here. And I realize that I have to work hard to stay here. And there is the insecurity.
INTERVIEWER: You're under contract?
MIKE: Right, I'm under contract. But that doesn't necessarily—I mean, they could send me down tomorrow. They could do whatever they wanted with me.
INTERVIEWER: What does it take to play professionally? I'm thinking about the skill. Is it something that you just work hard to get, or is there a natural sort of ability?
MIKE: Well, there's people that have the natural ability, you know. I feel like I didn't have. INTERVIEWER: So, you think there is something natural... a natural ability.
MIKE: There's a natural ability.
INTERVIEWER: I mean, just working hard isn't enough.
MIKE: I think that's what got me here. I really do. I know there was bad times and then— at one time in this organization, I was a suspect instead of a prospect. And I was told that. INTERVIEWER: Well, what about the... on the personal side? What's the schedule like for a... for a professional baseball player? Is it full time around the year, or... ?
MIKE: No.
INTERVIEWER: Are there some seasons... ?
MIKE: Well, it depends. Like last winter, after the season was over, I got a phone call from a team in Obregon, Mexico, and they asked me if I wanted to go down and play winter ball down there. So, I...
INTERVIEWER: Hmm.
MIKE: I thought, well it'd be a good chance because there's a lot of big league ball players down there, and I'll get a chance to face big league hitting, so I decided to go down there. And I think it helped me.
INTERVIEWER: How long does the season last here?
on whether or not you're going to be in the playoffs, and then it runs till, like, October sixteenth, or something like that.
INTERVIEWER: So, you then went to Mexico.
MIKE: Right.
INTERVIEWER: Well, when kids play baseball, it's kind of mostly for fun. Is it still the same when you're a professional?
MIKE: It's always fun when you're winning, and right now, you know, we're having our tough time, but I mean, I still enjoy going out every day, and running, and throwing. INTERVIEWER: What's the main attraction, would you say? Uh... because you're doing exactly what you want to do? MIKE: I think that's the big thing.
INTERVIEWER: About the game... baseball itself, and professional baseball—it's a spectator sport, obviously. People pay money to come and watch the game. When you go into play, how aware are you of the spectators, or the audience, uh all those people out there?
MIKE: I'm very aware of it, especially when the crowds are big. I mean, like, my first game that I ever pitched in the big leagues, I went into relief in Los Angeles, and there was 48, 000 people there.
INTERVIEWER: But, do you
MIKE: I was nervous. ‘course that was my first time, and it just really pumps you up. INTERVIEWER: So, it's kind of stage fright thing?
MIKE: Yeah. Almost-
INTERVIEWER: Almost like an actor going on the stage, maybe...
MIKE: Really! I know that there's people there—I mean, a lot of people—and the times when I'm not concentrating, you can hear those people. But when you are concentrating, you're not... you're not thinking about them.
INTERVIEWER: But does the response of the crowd really affect you? Uh, I mean, you get cheers, but you also get boos.
MIKE: Right.
INTERVIEWER: Does it affect you? Does it shake you up ?
MIKE: Well, it affects you when there's cheer—I mean, like, when there's cheers, it just makes you want to do that much better. But when there's boos, you know
INTERVIEWER: But the response--the cheering and so forth—does have a sort of stimulating effect. MIKE: Yeah, I think it does. As far as the whole team goes, I think the team just gets really going—
A.24
B.27
C.18 √
D.20
解析：
A.it helped him earn extra money
B.his season was over
C.he needed more experience
D.he could improve his skills √
解析：
A.6 √
B.8
C.10
D.11
解析：
A.It is a spectator sport.
B.It is fun to win.
C.It is what he exactly likes. √
D.It is a professional sport.
解析：
六、SECTION C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
七、Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.
Now listen to the news.
(总题数：1，分数：3.00)
（分数：3.00）
A.duration
B.momentum √
C.prospect
D.future
解析：[听力原文]6-8
Americans' income growth effectively stalled in June, and consumer spending plunged at the steepest monthly rate since September 2001, the government reported yesterday, fueling new concerns about the strength of the U.S. economic expansion.
Overall personal income was flat in June after adjusting for inflation and taxes, the Commerce Department said. Consumer spending dropped 0. 7 percent in June, reinforcing other signs that the U. S. economic expansion lost momentum in the spring with rising inflation, higher interest rates and a slowing pace of job creation.
The report comes as President Bush and Sen. John Kerry, the Democratic presidential nominee, continue to spar over the effectiveness of the administration's economic policies. A series of tax cuts and Federal Reserve interest rate cuts helped boost economic growth for much of the past three years, but many analysts had expected stronger employment growth and income gains to fuel a more vibrant recovery by now.
The June results "raise increasingly serious questions about the strength and sustainability of the economy in the months ahead," said Charles W. McMillion, president and chief economist of MBG Information Services.
Stock prices fell and bond prices rose yesterday as many investors concluded that the economy may continue to cool, which would both reduce profit growth and ease inflation pressures. Federal Chairman Alan Greenspan said last month on Capitol Hill that the economy had hit temporary a "soft patch," but that it should not hinder an expansion that appeared to Be broadening and gaining momentum. And he signaled that the Fed would likely raise rates gradually to keep inflation under control.
A.2
B.3 √
C.4
D.5
解析：
A.general pessimism about
B.some doubt about
C.different interpretations of √
D.much optimism about
解析：
八、Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.
Now listen to the news.
(总题数：1，分数：2.00)
（分数：2.00）
A.one √
B.two
C.four
D.six
解析：[听力原文]9-10
SINGAPORE—Singapore said on Tuesday it would organize a contest to find the tech- savvy
city-state's best computer hacker.
Six pairs will compete in the Aug. 20 "Black OPS: Hack Attack Challenge 2004," organized by the government-funded National Infocomm Competency Center, said its marketing manager Yvonne Choo. They will "penetrate, exploit, gain access and obtain privileged information from the other teams' servers, for the purpose of corporate espionage," the center said on its Web site.
Teams will also have to defend their organization's networks against hacking from other teams in the daylong event, it added.
Choo said he hoped the contest would help shed light on ways to prevent actual computer attacks. The prize for the best hacker will be a DVD burner and free computer classes.
Asia has been the root of some of the worst attacks by hackers in recent years.
In May 2000, the so-called Love Bug virus, released in the Philippines, overwhelmed e mail systems worldwide and caused tens of millions of dollars in damage.
Close to 80 percent of Singapore's 4 million citizens own personal computers and the island is largely considered to be the most technologically advanced in Southeast Asia.
Hackers can be jailed for up to three years or fined up to S ＄ 10,000 (US ＄ 5,810) under the city-state's Computer Misuse Act.
A.make computer users aware of hacking
B.train hacking experts
C.enlighten people on how to prevent computer attacks √
D.display the harms of hacking
解析：
九、PART Ⅱ PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
十、Conversationalists will, as a rule, be relaxed and not worrying ______ about the impression they are creating—unlike the lecturer or the
person undergoes an interview.(总题数：10，分数：10.00)
1.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：worrying—worry）
2.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：person ∧ undergoes—who; undergoes—undergoing）解析：
3.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：form ∧ expected—an）
解析：
4.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：welcomed—welcome）
解析：
5.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：as—like）
解析：
6.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：careless—carelessness）
解析：
7.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：circumstances ∧ which—in）
解析：
8.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：about ∧ people—the）
解析：
9.
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：ally—allied）
解析：
（分数：1.00）
填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：predictable—unpredictable）
解析：
十一、PART Ⅲ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
十二、SECTION A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
十三、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：2.00)
11."Yucca" (in the second paragraph) is most probably ______.
（分数：1.00）
A.a paint
B.a brush used in painting
C.an object with a pointed end
D.a plant √
解析：
12.The water jar mentioned in the second paragraph can NOT be described as ______.
（分数：1.00）
A.light in weight
B.made by a Native American
C.an example of fine art √
D.an object to be used
解析：
十四、TEXT B(总题数：3，分数：3.00)
13.The author focuses primarily on ______.
（分数：1.00）
A.two competing scientific models concerning the sun's magnetic field
B.an overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physics
C.the reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solved
D.the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial climate with solar activity √
解析：
14.On which of the following assumptions is based the belief, that tree-ring thicknesses show links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate?
（分数：1.00）
A.Solar-activity cycle existed m its present form during the period in question.
B.Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to species.
C.Tree-ring thickness varies with changes in terrestrial climate. √
D.Both terrestrial climate and solar-activity cycle randomly affect tree-ring thickness. 解析：
15.According to the passage, for which of the following reasons are the late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records important?
（分数：1.00）
A.They contradict the theory of the Maunder minimum. √
B.They suggest that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climate.
C.They verify the existence of a span of unusual cold worldwide during the Maunder minimum.
D.They show that the European observations are of dubious statistical significanc
解析：
十五、TEXT C(总题数：3，分数：3.00)
16.The author seems to imply that ______.
（分数：1.00）
A.humans are responsible for the problem √
B.hunting limits and regulations should be lifted
C.the birds have a strong capability to survive
D.the Canada geese are a better species than the snow geese
解析：
17.The sharp rise of the snow geese population is mainly caused by______.
（分数：1.00）
ck of natural enemies
B.great care of wildlife preservationists
C.favorable conditions in their winter habitat √
D.changes in their migration patterns
解析：
18.According to the author, if the marshes are destroyed,______.
（分数：1.00）
A.the snow geese will be in danger
B.the agriculture of the area will suffer
C.the Canada geese will replace the snow geese
D.the snow geese may move to breed in Minnesota √
解析：
十六、TEXT D(总题数：3，分数：3.00)
19.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
（分数：1.00）
A.Mechanization of work has little changed the conditions of women. √
B.Mechanization revolutionizes a society's traditional values and customary roles of its members.
C.Mechanization of work creates new jobs that did not exist previously.
D.Women's work has changed considerably in the past 200 years.
20.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the 20th century was NOT due to______.
（分数：1.00）
A.their economic necessity
B.more women employers √
C.shortage of single women workers
D.high marriage rates
解析：
21.It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, most women worked in______.
（分数：1.00）
A.textile mills
B.private households √
C.Offices
D.schools
解析：
十七、TEXT E(总题数：2，分数：2.00)
22.Which of the following does NOT pertain to the "support services" mentioned in the passage?
（分数：1.00）
A.Telecommunications systems.
B.Universities for training business administrators.
C.Sources of industrial tools.
D.Reservoir of labor forc √
解析：
23.It can be inferred from the passage that countries currently industrializing ______.
（分数：1.00）
A.have to find untapped foreign markets
B.are mainly poorer countries of Asia
C.must grapple with more difficulties than today's developed countries used to face √
D.have to train large numbers of managers, accountants, ere
解析：
十八、TEXT F(总题数：2，分数：2.00)
24.We get the impression that the author seems ______ Hardy's impulses as a writer.
（分数：1.00）
A.amazed at
B.critical of √
C.fed up with
D.interested in
25.The most appropriate title for the passage could be ______.
（分数：1.00）
A.Under the Greenwood Tree: Hardy's Ambiguous Triumph
B.The Real and the Strange: The Novelist's Shifting Realms
C.Hardy's Novelistic Impulses: The Problem of Control √
D.Divergent Impulses: The Issue of Unity in the Novel
解析：
十九、SECTION B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二十、TEXT G(总题数：1，分数：1.00)
26.Leopards are NOT likely to be found in______.
（分数：1.00）
A.Europe
tin America √
D.Africa
解析：
二十一、TEXT H(总题数：3，分数：3.00)
27.Which of the following organizations is partly responsible for the increase of gun-related crimes?______
（分数：1.00）
A.NRA. √
B.MAAD.
C.SAA
D.D. FRB.
解析：
28.Hijacking of cargo is a(n)______.
（分数：1.00）
A.professional crime √
anized crime
C.index crime
D.white-collar crime
解析：
29.According to the passage, prostitution falls into the category of______.
（分数：1.00）
A.index crime
B.professional crime
C.white-collar crime
D.victimless crime √
解析：
二十二、TEXI I(总题数：2，分数：2.00)
30.In 1991, New York was the world's ______urban are
（分数：1.00）
A.A. largest
B. second largest
C. third largest
D. fourth largest
解析：
31.According to the passage, which is the real reason for people to move from rural to urban areas?
（分数：1.00）
A.Adequate job opportunities.
B.Better public facilities.
C.Very poor economic conditions in rural settlements. √
D.An increase in rural population.
解析：
二十三、TEXT J(总题数：3，分数：3.00)
32.An example of "soft" energy mentioned in this passage is ______.
（分数：1.00）
A.solar energy √
B.wind
C.natural gas
D.gasoline
解析：
33.According to the passage, highway building______.
（分数：1.00）
A.has quickened
B.has been discouraged √
C.should be encouraged
D.has been taxed at a lower rate
解析：
34.What has NOT been controlled at all as regards water pollution?
（分数：1.00）
A.Industrial polluters.
B.Sewage.
C.Rain runoff. √
D.Toxic substances.
解析：
二十四、TEXT K(总题数：1，分数：1.00)
35.Which of the following authors is NOT on the list?
（分数：1.00）
A.E. M. Forster.
B.Toni Morrison.
C.J.B. Priestley. √
D.Albert Camus.
解析：
二十五、PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二十六、SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
36.运用幽默的至高技艺要求我们保持冷静的头脑，临场应变，从容镇定，不慌不忙。

如此才能妙语惊人，产生具有生命力的幽默。

事事都求自然，幽默也是如此。

有准备的幽默当然能应付一些场合，但难免有人
工斧凿之嫌；临场发挥的幽默才更为技巧，更见风致。

临场发挥是一种技巧，更是一种智慧，它需要冷静
和睿智。

在各种晚会、文艺演出中，许多主持人和演员临场应变、妙语惊人，给晚会的欢乐气氛推波助澜，也赢得了观众的掌声和喜爱。

（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：(The top art of using humor requires us to keep cool- headed, so that we remain calm and composed, ready to cope with all contingencies. Only then can we come up with witty remarks and be truly humorous. Everything, if it is good, should be natural, and so is humor. We may prepare ourselves to behave humorously on certain occasions, but this will inevitably appear artificial; offhand humor, on the other hand, will display more skillfulness and gracefulness. To be humorous as occasion demands is an art and, moreover, is a wisdom that requires calmness and intelligence. It is this kind of humor that many hosts and actors make use of to add mirth and delight to the pleasant atmosphere of parties and performances, and to win the applause and love from the audiences.)
解析：
二十七、SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
37.Ever since the ancient Romans imposed their language on neighboring barbarians, the teaching of Latin has been inseparable from cultural politics. In the Middle Ages, Latin was the preserve of the Church, whose leaders believed that the language was inherently holier than the vernacular, and who used Latin as a means of establishing a distance between priests and their parishioners. In the Renaissance, the classics were seen as a beneficial source of eternal, universal truths—"From Cicero I've learned to be myself," an Italian humanist announced—and such a belief persisted well into the nineteenth century. The argument for the improving qualities of Latin is still made by the American Classical League, which points to studies showing that schoolchildren who have studied Latin achieve higher standardized test scores than their non- Latinist peers.
（分数：10.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案：(从古罗马人强迫相邻的野蛮人学习拉丁语开始，教授拉丁语就一直和文化政策密切相关。

中世纪时代，拉丁语是教会的专利。

教会领袖们认为，拉丁语比方言神圣，他们用拉丁语来拉开牧师和教民之
间的距离。

文艺复兴时代，古典作品被视作永恒的普遍真理的来源—“从西塞罗那里我学会了成为我自己”，一位意大利人文主义者如是说—而且这样一种观点一直持续到19世纪。

现在美国古典联盟仍在坚持拉丁语有益的观点。

它指出，调查显示，学过拉丁语的小学生比其他小学生在标准化测试中成绩更好。

)
解析：
二十八、PART Ⅴ WRITING(总题数：1，分数：25.00)
38.
College Students Should (Not) Take Part-time Jobs
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
（分数：25.00）
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(
If I Were President of the University
Hu Guoyin
If I were President of the university, I would do three things. I would encourage academic research, enroll high quality students and have the library enlarged.
If I were President of the university, I would encourage our faculty to do academic research. As one of the key institutions of higher learning, the PLA Foreign Languages University is not doing well enough in academic research. Obviously, the school authorities are somehow responsible. If I were President of the university, I would do everything possible to change the present situation. I would relate the achievements in academic research to the faculty's housing, bonus and title of professional posts.
If I were President of the University, I would make sure that more students of high quality are enrolled. And I would reduce the number of students that are not up to standard. As it is now, we have so many unqualified students that they are competing with the qualified cadets for the limited resources, such as the swimming pool and the sports ground. This situation would adversely affect training of the cadets. Besides, in the long run, the poor quality of such students would eventually stain the reputation of the university.
If I were President of the university, I would also have the library enlarged. The present library is so small that it cannot meet the needs of the faculty and students, and the books in the library are simply not enough. There are too many literary works and too few books on other branches of learning. The library is inadequate for teachers to do academic research and for students to expand their knowledge sphere.
If I were President of the university, I would see to it that our cadets are more qualified, our teachers more conscientious, and our university an altogether better place for training future army officers.)
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