2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案(4)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案(2)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案（2）Stress at Work and Still HealthyThe term could yet become the word of the year： stress is on everyone's lips these days and everywhere.Not onlymanagers,officials and teachers are complainingnowadays,housewives,children and pensioners now also havetheir own problems.They too sacrifice themselves forothers,feel under- or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance.Irritation,tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow.-But that is only the negative aspect.Stress,after all,is alsolinked to positive terms such as joy of life,tension andvitality （活力）。
"Firstly,stress is healthy," says Wolfgang Stehling fromEltvelle.The doctor and management consultant says： "It occurs when the body loses its inner balance,but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance." Thusstress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the bodyto pressure.It is unavoidable as part of our nature： "There is no such thing as a stress-free life."But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or .totenseness of the muscles depends on the duration （持续时间）,its cause or causes and the sufferer's personalsituation.People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from badmoods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world andwill take every little strife as negativestress.Others,people who feel refreshed at every new turn,arerelaxed and successful,will view a difficult round ofnegotiations or competition at work more as a positivechallenge than a cross to bear.Exercise,healthy eating and relaxation are thus the threepillars by which stress can be conquered almost everytime.These factors form a unit,explains Marita Voelker-Albert,spokeswoman for the government's Nutrition AdviceCenter in Cologne.Its campaign "Gut Drauf' （Feeling Good）is targeted at young people.The government agency's researchsuggests that three out of four adolescents feeltired,overtaxed （负担过重） and under stress.Eatingdisorders and complaints such as migraines （偏头痛） and indigestion （消化不良）,nervousness and concentrationproblems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.But even the best solutions don't work if they are notput into practice,says Stehling.Anybody who goes joggingregularly,practices yoga （瑜伽功） and prescribes goodliterature as a cure for negative stress,may well end upunder more pressure as he tries to find the time for itall.Sometimes,says the consultant,it helps to take time outto reduce stress levels over a weekend.6 Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress？A Stress has both positive and negative aspects.B Stress is only a positive reaction of the body topressure.C Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.D Stress only leads to serious problems.7 A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feelA fit and healthy.B under-or overworked.C irritated,tired and exhausted.D relaxed and happy.8 Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress？A Those who are in good moods.B Those who suffer from the flu.C Those who are successful.D Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.9 All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECTA painful headache.B indigestion.C loss of memory.D nervousness and concentration problems.10 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress？A Reading good literature.B Practicing yoga.C Working overtime.D Having a healthy diet.[参考答案]6.D 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C。
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习(4)
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习（4）"Own" Your Children's Education"Helping them isn't about showing your kids how to do the work.It's about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they're learning,''says J.Gary Knowles,a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education,part of the University of Toronto.Rozon has a slew of suggestions for how to get more,-involved."Get to know the teacher.Discuss ways to tailor the assignments to your child's learning style.Spend time in the classroom.Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find supplementary materials at the library or through videos.Read your child's textbooks：If you work a few pages ahead,you'llbe able to help them with problems they encounter.''Reading is another must,says Rozon."Even after yourchildren can read themselves,hearing somebody else read aloudis important.We nearly always have a book on the go1;we readfor at least a half hour before bedtime.The more engaged a parent is,the more the child benefits，adds Bruce Ami."The evidence is clear：Parental involvementis One of the most important factors in school success.Arai cites the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth，sponsored by Human Resources Development Canada（HRDC）,whichis measuring all aspects of child development."The hours children spend in class are but2 one element of theireducation'',states HDC,which says parental support,along with teacher support and a positive attitude towards school.all contribute to academic success."I see every moment of every day as a learning experience." says Goforth."The most satisfying part of it is seeing the,love of learning continued.I'm not squelching my children's desire to learn by insisting they learn. They learn because they want to."Adds Jeanne Lambert,mother of Carey Graham："Make the time3,take the time4,guide,lead,and encourage.If nothing else,your children learn you care,and that's the most important lesson you can give them."词汇：Slew [非正式用语] 很多squelch 压制，压服must 必须做的事注释：1、on the go：处在……过程中。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解精选试题Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they comein the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch （RPS）1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel healt h. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistantstarch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）。
关于职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读题「附答案」
关于XX年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读题「附答案」Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack out economic plants: forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled, on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every. chestnut tree in North American. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it wasestimated that one million people died of starvation and related aliments.Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.1. How many diseases are known to attack wheat?A) Around 30,000B) Around 140C) Around 29,960D) Around 402. Aording to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked?A) A world war.B) Border conflicts.C) Rations of grain and meat.D) Social upheavals.3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A) Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have asusceptibility to them.B) The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing condition change.C) A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North American.D) A blight may be a national infection.4. Aording to the passage, some plant diseases can be prevented byA) killing parasites.B) inoculationC) Killing insectsD) improving growing conditions5. Which of the following statements is not true?A) Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria.B) Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens.C) Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus.D) Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.Keys: DDABD。
2023年职称英语卫生类级考试真题及答案
年度全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。
1 For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclearB obviousC majorD minor2 The sea turtle's natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3 I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4 It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle5 The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6 Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energeticB happyC aloneD busy8 Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumpingD shouting9 A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedC praisedD caught10 I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11 At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12 Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13 He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15 She always finds fault with everything.A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题3
2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题3 2020职称英语考试《卫生类》A级阅读判断练习题（3）SmokingSince 1939，numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics，it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body.Smoke is a mixture of gases，vaporized chemicals，minute particles of ash and other solids.There is also nicotine，which is powerful poison，and black tar.As smoke is breathed in，all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs.One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides.Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer，but they can only slightly reduce，not eliminate the hazards.练习：1、It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned2、Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned3、Smoking may induce lung cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned4、There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned5、Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned6、Nicotine is poisonous.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned7、Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe；A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned答案与题解：1.B 该题说的是：判断抽烟对健康是否有危害是容易的。
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method；the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period oftime. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar （an analog）。
2020年职称英语《卫生A》补全短文真题及答案
2020年职称英语《卫生A》补全短文真题及答案SaunaCeremonial(仪式性的)bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath._____(46)Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours._____(47)Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis(关节炎)may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation(炎症). Asthma(气喘)patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion(阻塞)arid speed recovery time._____(48)The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying "feed a cold, starve a fever". The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes._____(49)Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to takesaunas._____(50)Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.46.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】C【解析】47.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】F【解析】48.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】D【解析】49.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】B【解析】50.【题干】_____【选项】A.an extra large sauna and steam room can be used for players to relax in.B.The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange.C.The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals.D.The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever.E.Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months.F.A few people today say that the smoke sauna, "savusauna", is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke.【答案】E。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级真题及答案
2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级真题及答案一、词汇选项1.The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.A. pollutedB. treatedC. testedD. corrupted2.Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard3.The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct4.She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. producedD. removed5.They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. Situation6.The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume7.The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. consideredD. approved8.The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private9.Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent10.Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. spreadC. hearD. confirm11.Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.A. argueB. claimC. wishD. compete12.The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable13.The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. simpleB. reliableC. effectiveD. alternativee out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. breakD. beat15.This species has nearly died out because its habitatis being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct参考答案：ACAAB BDBAB DCACD第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)In Your FaceWhy is this man so angry? We don't know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face. Whatever culture you come from, you can expressing.Forty years ago, psychologist Paul Ekman of theUniversity of California, San Francisco, became interested in how people's faces show their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but theyeasily understood Americans' expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise.Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans, and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did more research in Japan, Brazil, and Argentina, and got the same results.According to Ekman, these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains. They developed to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggers are universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feel fear, because it might be dangerous. But most emotional triggers are learned. For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One person spent wonderful summers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The other person remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.Once we make an emotional asssociation in our brain,it is diffficult,and sometiomes impossible,to change it.”Emotions is the least changeable part of the brain,”says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can。
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题库：A级阅读理解
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题库：A级阅读理解Viral and Bacterial Bronchitis Revealing The DifferencesDiseases affect the lives of people in an adverse way. Therefore, it is necessary to develop healthy habits in order to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Diseases are caused by both virus and bacteria； however, in certain cases, environmental conditions also play a major role in causing certain ailments. For instance, bronchitis, an ailment of the respiratory system, is both viral and bacterial bronchitis.Not many people can tell the difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis. Only a medical practitioner will beable to point out the differences between viral and bacterial bronchitis after a careful examination of the patient and the results of laboratory tests.Commonly, viruses cause bronchitis. People with viral bronchitis suffer from difficulties in breathing, headache, pain, wheezing, and other symptoms, such as low-grade fever. Patients will have a persistent, nonproductive cough and will not feel that ill. Bacterial bronchitis, on the other hand,is a more dangerous condition. You will suffer from a high fever and a persistent, productive cough with dark, discolored, and thick mucus.Just as there is a difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis, there is also a difference between the treatments of these conditions. Viral bronchitis does not really require any treatment. Home remedies can successfully heal a person from this condition. However, it cannot and should not be neglected.Care should be taken during the healing process. You need to take a lot of rest and increase your fluid intake. Taking more liquids such as fruit juices, water, and soup helps liquefy the phlegm and makes it easier for the body to expel it. In case of muscle pains, take acetaminophen. If the symptoms cause a great deal of distress, take cough suppressants or expectorants in order to liquefy the mucus. Taking a warm shower or a hot bath also facilitates the expulsion of mucus.In case of bacterial bronchitis, your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics such as tetracycline, amoxicillin, and erythromycin. The antibiotic to be taken depends on thestrain of the bacteria infecting your bronchial tubes. When you are on antibiotic therapy, you may have side effects characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Some bacteria are drug resistant, and recently, the FDA approved the use of a drug called gemiflaoxacin mesylate for such bacteria. It comes in the form of an oral tablet that has to be taken daily for five days. The side effects of this drug are diarrhea, skin rashes, and nausea.It is not possible to treat a viral infection with antibiotics； attempts to do so will worsen your condition. Before using any drug, consult your doctor and find out if it is safe for you to use that drug. Cardio respiratory exercises help to regain normal lung function and to expel any excess mucus after the completion of the healing process36.Bronchitis isA.viral only.B.bacterial only.C.both viral and bacterial.D.neither viral nor bacterial准确答案：C37.Which of the followings is NOT a symptom of viral bronchitisA.Difficulties in breathing and wheezing.B.Headache and pain.C.A low-grade fever.D.A persistent, productive cough准确答案：D38.What can be done to relieve the symptoms during the healing processA.Taking more dry solid food helps to liquefy the mucus.B.Taking a warm shower or a hot bath facilitates the expulsion of mucus.C.Taking acetaminophen help liquefy the mucus.D.Taking cough suppressants or expectorants controls muscle pain准确答案：B39.The side effects of antibiotic therapy includes the following EXCEPTA.abdominal pain, , and nausea.。
2020年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案
2020年职称英语综合类A级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A heard ofB rubbed outC looked atD spoken out2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.A exhaustedB scaredC worriedD frightened3 The woman living next door is extremely slender.A slimB tallC weakD pale4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almostB probablyC evidentlyD completely5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking aboutB took advantage ofC paid no attention toD cared nothing about6 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A lateB suddenC unfriendlyD untold7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A decisionB mistakeC promiseD plan8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believedA predictB thinkC suggestD argue9 My room is really very cosy.A coolB coldC cleanD comfortable10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.A curiousB courteousC quietD shy11 He never grumbled about working overtime.A complainedB talkedC wroteD spoke12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A heldB embracedC kissedD patted13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A sentencesB commentsC theoriesD conclusions14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A courageousB angryC greedyD glorious15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A attendB celebrateC chairD prepare第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2020年职称英语卫生类A级模拟题及答案(4)
2020年职称英语卫生类A级模拟题及答案（4）20、Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the PoorNanotechnology uses matter at the level of molecules and atoms. Researchers are finding different uses for particles with a length of one nanometer, or one-billionth of a meter, These include things like beauty products1 and dirt-resistant clothing. But one area where many experts believe nanotechnology holds great promise is medicine.Last week, speakers at a program in Washington discussed using nanotechnology to improve health care in developing countries. The program took place at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Peter Singer at the University of Toronto says a nanotechnology called quantum dots2 could be used to confirm cases of malaria. He says it could offer a better way than the traditional process of looking at a person’s bl ood under a microscope.In poor countries, this process is often not followed. As a result, sick people may get treated for malaria even if they do not have it. Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance. Quantum dots are particles that give off3 light when activated. Researchers are studying ways to program them to identify diseases by lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule. 4Experts say nanotechnology shows promise not just for diagnosing diseases, but also for treating them. Piotr Grodzinski of the National Institutes of Health5 talked abouthow nanotechnology could make drugs more effective. He talked about cancer drugs already developed with nanotechnology. He says if a drug can target a cancer locally in the body, then much less of it might be needed, and that means lower side effects.6Andrew Maynard is chief scientist for the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies at the Woodrow Wilson Center. He noted that Brazil, India, China and South Africa arecurrently doing nanotechnology research that could help poor countries. But he also noted that there is some risk in using nano-materials. He says nanometer-sized particles behave differently in the body and the environment compared tolarger particles7. Experts say more investment in research is needed to better understand these risks.词汇：nanotechnology/5nAnEutek7nlEdZI/n 纳米技术 matter/5mAtE/n.物质molecule/5mClikju：l, 5mEu-/n.分子atom/5AtEm/n.原子nanometer/5neinE7mi：tE/n.纳米，毫微米 (长度单位，=10-9m)one-billionth n.十亿分之一dirt-resistant adj，防尘的，防污的promise/5prCmis/n.希望，前途program/5prEu^rAm/(=programme)n.节目，节目单vt.为……编制程序scholar/5skClE/n.学者quantum/5kwCntEm/n.量;量子.dot/dCt/n.(小)点，圆点confirm/kEn5fE：m/vt.确认;证实case/keis/n.病症;病例; malaria/mE5lZEriE/n.疟(疾)misuse/5mis5ju：z/n.误用，滥用 particle/5pB：tikl/n.颗粒.微粒：粒子activate/5Aktiveit/vt.使激活 identify/ai5dentifai/v.辨认diagnose/5daiE^nEuz/vt.诊断(疾病)Brazil/brE5zil/n.巴西nano-material n.纳米材料investment/ in5vestmEnt / n.投资;投资额练习：1. Which of the following uses of nanotechnology is NOT mentioned in the passage?A To make beauty products and dirt-resistant clothing.B To produce better and lighter building materials.C To help more accurately diagnose diseases.D To help more effectively treat diseases.2. How can quantum dots be used to confirm diseases?A By traditionally looking at a person’s blood under a microscope.B By letting a person take some kind of medicine.C By lighting up in the presence of a targeted molecule.D By subjecting a person to an X-ray examination.3. How can nanotechnology be used to make a drug more effective?A By making a drug target the focus of a disease.B By changing the structure of the body cells.C By lowering the side effects caused by a drug.D By letting a patient take a dose as large as possible.4. The following developing countries are doing very well scientific research on nanotechnology EXCEPT______.A ChinaB BrazilC IranD India5. Which of the following is the possible risk in using nano-materials mentioned in the passage?A They may cause some damage to the body cells.B They are harmful materials themselves.C They may store in the body.D They may behave differently in the body and the environment.1、 A B C D2、 A B C D3、 A B C D4、 A B C D5、 A B C D标准答案： B,C,A,C,D21、Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant WomenA recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization1 estimates that every year twenty millionbabies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten ofthem are born in developing countries.The new study took place in Dares Salaam. 4, 200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with2 vitamins C and E. Theyalso contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet.The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. Areport by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. 3 Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health4 led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with5 HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body’s immunity against infection.The new study in pregnant women who were not infectedwith the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dyingwhile still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.词汇：multivitamin/7mQlti5vaitEmin/adj.多种维生素的 urge/E：dV/v.促动/v.极力主张;强烈要求;敦促 pregnant/5pre^nEnt/adj.怀孕的，妊娠的Tanzania/7tAnzE5ni：E/n.坦桑尼亚(非洲国家)diabetes/7daiE5bi：ti：z, -ti：s/n.糖尿病，多尿症 Dar es Salaam/5dB：r es sE5lB：m/n.达累斯萨拉姆(坦桑尼亚首都)folate/5fEuleit/n.叶酸盐 mineral/5minErEl/n.矿物质;无机盐adj.矿物质的;无机的 fetal/5fi：tl/adj.胎儿的, 胎的lymphocyte/5limfEsait/n.淋巴球, 淋巴细胞immunity/i5mju：niti/n..免疫力;免疫性 infection/in5fekFEn/n.传染，感染;传染病placebo/plE5si：bEu/n.安慰剂;安慰剂治疗 inactive/in5Aktiv/adj.无作用的 pill/pil/n.药丸，丸剂fetus/5fi：tEs/n.胎，胎儿练习：1. How many babies are born with low birth weight in the developed countries every year according to WHO?A 20,000,000.B 18,000,000.C 2,000,000.D 38,000,000.2. A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPTA all vitamins in theB group.B vitaminsC and E.C much iron and folate.D antiviral substances.3. Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?A To reduce the rate of babies born too early.B To reduce the risk of low birth weight.C To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HIV.D To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers’ blood.4. What a role do lymphocytes play in the human body?A To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.B To raise the body’s immunity against infection.C To help prevent the development of heart disease.D To help prevent the development of diabetes.5. How many percent of babies were born with low birth weight to women who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?A Less than8%.B About 9.5%.C 1.5%.D 17.5%.1、 A B C D2、 A B C D3、 A B C D4、 A B C D5、 A B C D标准答案： C,D,A,B,A。
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解
2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解2020年卫生类职称英语考试试题：A级阅读理解Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method；the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degree today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degree tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, suing the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period oftime. if they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change direction, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over man years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for new York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. if the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fail.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar （an analog）。
2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案
2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案2020年职称英语卫生A阅读理解真题及答案Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化)The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(热带大草原)of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semi-arid(半干旱)lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Overgrazing-keeping too many farm animals on the land-means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation-trying to grow too many crops on poor land-results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion(侵蚀)follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together,to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for otherplants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management off or rest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的)agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.36.【题干】The Sahel zone is an area which _____.【选项】A.is covered with sad and grassB.has a long historyC.occupies much of South NigeriaD.belongs to Sudan【答案】A【解析】37. 【题干】What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?【选项】A.The deserts are replaced with grasslandsB.The deserts are expandingC.the deserts are moving northwardsD.the deserts are being deserted【答案】B【解析】38. 【题干】The word "deteriorated" in paragraph2 means _____.【选项】A.deepenedB.sufferedC.slippedD.worsened【答案】D【解析】39. 【题干】What is the root cause of desertification?【选项】A.poor farmingB.overpopulationC.radical climate changeD.disappearance of rare plant species。
20__年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习(4)-卫生职称英语报名时间
20__年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习（4）:卫生职称英语报名时间<i>职称英语网权威发布20__年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习（4），更多20__年职称英语卫生类阅读判断练习（4）相关信息请访问职称英语考试网。
Some sleep drugs do more than make you sleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday， the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food， eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year， a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident.Patrick Kennedy， a representative from Rhode Island，3 crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness.The Food and Drug Administration did not say inits announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented. However， the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But， he also said there areprobably more cases than are reported.5 He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.词汇：disorder n. 障碍；紊乱；疾病allergic adj. 变应性的，过敏性的incident n. 偶发事件，小事件representative n. 代表crash v. （使）碰撞lawmaker n. 立法者，制定法律者（尤指立法委员或议员）sickness n. 疾病；恶心，呕吐stomach n. 胃sleepiness n. 昏昏欲睡document vt. 根据…事实材料制作注释：1.United States Food and Drug Administration （FDA）XX食品及药品管理局2.United States Congress：XX国会3.Rhode Island：罗得岛（XX州名）4.New York Times：纽约时报5.But， he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. 不过，他也说道，可能实际病例要比报导的多。
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2020年职称英语考试卫生类A级阅读理解练习及答案
（4）
Chronic Diseases：The World's Leading Killer
Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the
world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the
most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart
disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes（糖尿病）and lung disorders.
The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead
to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United
Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million
people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It
says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in
developing nations.
The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be
almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic
diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer
countries than in wealthier ones.
The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China
alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the
next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical
treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also
expected to face huge economic losses.
Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the st ween in
Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.
The report details the latest findings from nine
countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.
Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic（寄生的）diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia
and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major
cause of death in most countries.
Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing
of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.
UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save
thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in
Asia and the Pacific.
36.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2020？
A.More than 17 million.
B.More than 380 million.
C.More than 304 million.
D.More than 25 million.
37.Due to chronic diseases China will have to face
A.great pressure from other countries.
B.a limited economic market.
C.a shortage of the labor force.
D.huge economic losses.
38.Which can NOT be learned from the passage？
A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.
B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.
C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.
D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.
39.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the
Pacific have been
A.economic gains.
B.lost productivity.
C.chronic diseases.
D.infectious and parasitic diseases.
40.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths？
A.Timely medical treatment.
B.Healthy eating.
C.More physical activity.
D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.答案：36.C37.D38.C39.D40.A。