00096外刊经贸知识选读201104-真题+参考答案
历年自考外刊经贸知识选读试题
全国2012年7月外刊经贸知识选读试题(课程代码：00096)一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences.（每小题2分，共30分）1. The company resumes its service in this region. （）A. continues B. consumes C. assumes D. presumes2. The latest figures should neutralize the fears of inflation. （） A. middle B. stop C. increase D. unclear3. His door was opened on the first summon; and he appeared in person, unarmed, and in a peculiarly defenseless condition.（）A. concernB. serviceC. summaryD. call4. It is the legitimacy of American power and American global leadership that has come to be doubted by a majority of Europeans. （） A. fair B. justification C. right D. possibility5. The proposed compromise would increase tobacco taxes to help pay for expansion of the child health program. （）A. policyB. regulationsC. concessionD. plan6. Asia’s affectionate love with real estate has been prompted by easy money and accommodative local government polic ies. （）A. helpfulB. preparatoryC. extensiveD. compositional7. The deposits in credit institutions have reached enormous figures, and this plethora has caused disastrous results.（）A. decreaseB. reductionC. excessD. exaggeration8. To the administration, Tokyo appears more “results-oriented”, prompting hopes that bargains can be reached with Japan to ease frictions on a range of issues. （）A. low prices B. great deals C. arrangements D. conclusions9. The effect is amplified, MITI argues, because 35% of American exports to Japan are industrial commodities, whi ch are highly sensitive to the business cycle. （） A. intended B. simplified C. exaggerated D. diversified10. Sometimes the problem isn’t that we lack sufficient information. We have a precise picture of ourselves or a situation, but we capitulate the first time someone challenges us.（） A. accustom B. succumb C. capture D. control11. There are occasions in some big cities, when ingenuous questions out of the mouths of children can sometimes puzzle the experts. （） A. innocent B. tough C. generous D. gentle12. The current U.S. administration is adamant about restricting travel and exports to Cuba.（）A. permanentB. unyieldingC. franticD. adverse13. Great ideas can languish in our mind if we don’t spend time reflecting and digesting the messages we got during the past projects. （） A. be neglected B. be disappeared C. be prospered D. be flourished14. The emergence of Feminine Economy promotes the development of feminine tourist market. （）A. emergencyB. contributionC. appearanceD. merger15. One official who is well aware of the confusion afflicting both local authorities and foreign investors is Jing Shuping, president of China International Economic Consultants Inc.（）A. bothering B. affecting C. worsening D. deadening二、Put the following phases into Chinese（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）16．Dollar-denominated 17．client state18．packing list 19．generalized system of preferences20．debt service 21．tax-cut-induced boom22．barrier-free market 23.fiscal packages24．holiday fliers 25．fledgling industries三、Put the following phases into English（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26．保税仓库27. 进口配额28. 商务顾问29. 国际品牌30. 报复性制裁31．国内需求32．硬通货33. 政府采购34. 特许经营权35. 反倾销四、Read the following passages and answer the questions in English（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）1Passage 1Oil prices were flat Wednesday, ahead of a weekly report expected to show a rise in crude supplies over the past week.At 9∶45 a.m., U.S. light crude for March delivery rose 3 cents to $41.61 a barrel. It touched a session high of $42.45 a barrel and a session low of $41.02. Concerns about oversupply helped push oil lower Tuesday. Oil tumbled $4.15 to $41.58 a barrel. The oil market was likely bouncing off a stock market rebound and a weaker U.S. dollar Wednesday. U.S. crude oil price has rebounded from below $33 a barrel over the past week as an economic stimulus package makes it way through Congress. The Energy Information Administration releases its weekly inventory data at 10∶30 a.m. Analysts surveyed by Platts expect an increase of 3.4 million barrels in U.S. crude stockpiles for the week ended Jan. 23.Oil’s supply-demand picture remains weak, with a large stock build in the United States and extremely weak demand in China, the world’s second-largest energy consumer. Oil supplies in the U.S. have gone up significantly in the past several weeks. Last week, the Energy Department reported supplies of crude increased by 6.1 million barrels in the week ended Jan. 16, when analysts had been expecting an increase of only 1.9 million barrels. Crude prices have dropped more than $100 from a record peak above $147 a barrel in July last year, sunk by plummeting demand amid the recession.Demand is dependent on the ongoing economic uncertainty and whether the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which produces about 40% of the world’s oil, will meet its pledge to cut output by 2.2 million barrels a day this month.36. Why is the oil’s supply-demand picture still weak?37. What helped to prevent the price of oil increase on Tuesday?38. What has been the highest oil price in the United States last year?Passage 2American hopes that pressure from the U. S. will force Japan to suddenly dismantle its trade barriers are almost certain to evaporate in disappointment.The fact is that Washington faces an obstacle far more formidable than a few power brokers in To kyo’s government offices. It must buck centuries-old, deeply ingrained Japanese customs. To move the Japanese government, Washington must move an entire nation.So far, the U.S. has had only limited success despite congressional threats to retaliate. In an April 9 nationwide broadcast, Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone urged the Japanese to buy more imported goods and unveiled a long-awaited three-year plan to ease import restrictions. But this program was far short of what Washington hoped to see. White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan said the Japanese offered “few new or immediate measures.” While the plan did promise fewer curbs on imports of telecommunications gear, medicine and medical equipment, it offered no relief for American forest products—which are among the most contentious trade issues.Nakasone gives every sign of being secure in his desire to reduce a Japanese surplus in trade with the U.S. that hit 36.8 billion dollars in 1984 and could soon top 50 billion. Yet to rely on any one Japanese political leader, no matter how popular he is at home, to reverse trade policies is to underestimate the culture and traditions that weigh heavily against a breakthrough.Big business and dozens of anonymous bureaucrats have as much power as Japan’s top elected leaders.“The whole concept that we can turn this around right now is patently ridiculous,” says an American trader who has lived and worked here since 1952. “The vested interests are being shaken and slowly moved, but at a pace too slow for the eye to follow.”39. What of the Japanese government is meant to be “moved”?240. Does the underlined word “top” in the fourth paragraph mean “increase by as much as” 50 billion?41. Please paraphrase “a pace too slow for the eye to follow” in the last paragraph.五、Read the following passages and decide whether the statements are true or false（每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1The global economy is set for a year of recession and then low growth until 2012, economists at the World Economic Forum inDavos have saiD. They also warned that the downturn could persuade politicians to introduce trade barriers and steer investments only into their own economies. This would harm developing countries mostly. Meanwhile, there are growing calls for better financial sec tor regulation. Speaking at a panel taking stock of the state of the economy, Stephen Roach, Chairman of Morgan Stanley Asia and long-time prophet of the economic downturn, said one could not “overestimate the dangers the world economy faces in 2009”.The global economy was likely to shrink this year for the first time since World War II, he said, and nobody on the panel or in the audience was prepared to contradict him. The general gloom was echoed by the IMF, which has predicted that world economic growth will fall to just 0.5% this year, its lowest rate for 60 years. Justin Yifu Lin, senior vice president at the World Bank, said there were “lots of downside risks; the current projection is a protracted recession and we have not reached the bottom yet”.Demand from U.S. consumers, for many years the main driver of global growth, was in steep decline, and while on the supply-side China had seen its economy shrink during the last quarter of 2008. Indeed, wherever one goes in the congress centre in Davos, pessimism pervades all conversation—although one participant counseled that “irrational exuberance has been replaced by irrational despair”.The biggest concern of all panelists, however, was the risk that the downturn could herald a return to protectionism. T his being Davos, the majority of participants are proponents of free trade, but it was striking that the representatives from developing and emerging economies were particularly worried about rising trade barriers. Panelists warned not just about the threat to free trade, but also the danger that Western governments could steer their nationalized or recapitalized banks towards investing only at home.However, government spending alone was not enough to solve the problem.Monetary policy and a coordinated global regulatory framework were keys to getting the global economy back on track.42. It is probably that the economic recession could result in trade protectionism and barriers among different countries.（）43. Panelists and audience in the Worl d Economic Forum in Davos don’t agree that the year 2009 shrinks for the first time since World War II.（）44. According to Justin Yifu Lin, senior vice president at the World Bank, the economic recession has reached the bottom.（）45. The demand from U.S. consumers has been the engine for the global growth for a long time.（）46. Though it is a hard time, the participants in World Economic Forum in Davos are optimistic.（）47. Most participants in World Economic Forum in Davos support free trade.（）Passage 2The job of the drug industry is to provide relief from ailments, and it usually does so with its medicines. The news on Monday January 26th that Pfizer, the world’s biggest drugmaker, is bidding for Wyeth, a large American rival, should p rovide a welcome tonic for some. The legion of lawyers and bankers who specialize in mergers and acquisitions, for example, may at last have something to do. Pfizer is offering $68 billion for its rival, belying the current economic gloom. The financial crisis and recession have put a brake on most deals, other than mergers between crumbling banks, as credit has dried up and confidence has shriveled.The giant American drug company will finance the deal with a mixture of its shares, which have held up reasonably well asmarkets have dived, cash from reserves and bank loans. Pharmaceutical companies are in a happier position than firms in other3industries. They are known for large and reliable cash flows, even when economic misery is growing. Otherwise nervous bankers should not be too fearful of extending credit to Pfizer.And yet, as the recession takes hold in America, which is by far the most important market for drug giants, growth appears to be slowing. Even drug sales may be hit in a recession if financially squeezed patients who lack insurance, or with less comprehensive health plans, cut back on their medicines. Pfizer is not insulated from the economic chill: it says that it will lay off 10% of its workers, several thousand people, and close five of its 46 factories around the world, in an effort to cut costs by $2 billion by 2011.Nonetheles s, taking over Wyeth would cement Pfizer’s position as the world’s leading drugmaker. Pfizer’s revenues in 2008 were just over $48 billion. These would be boosted to over $71 billion in a combination with Wyeth. Pfizer clearly reckons that greater scale is an answer not only to the slower growth in the industry but also to the particular problems that it faces. “Big pharma” has long felt the competitive breath of generic drug companies. In the next couple of years the threat will intensify as billions of dollars worth of branded drugs are set to lose patent protection.48. The news that Pfizer is bidding for Wyeth is not welcomed by lawyers and bankers who specialize in mergers and acquisitions. （）49. Pfizer will finance the buying of Wyeth with cash borrowed from the banks.（）50. Pfizer is able to buy Wyeth because it was not affected by the financial recession.（）51. After the merger, Pfizer will become the largest drug maker in the world.（）六、Translate the following passage into Chinese（本大题12分）52.Women make better business leaders than men in all but two areas of management, according to an Australian survey released on Monday. But men have the upper hand when it comes to focusing on the bottom line. Data collected from 1,800 Australian female and male chief executive officers and managers found women exhibit more strategic drive, risk taking, people skills and innovation, and equaled men in the area of emotional stability. But men came out on top when it came to command and control of management operations and focusing on financial returns. The survey found women were more likely to take a chance with their ideas and challenge the status quo.全国2011年4月自考外刊经贸知识选读试题一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
2020年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案
34. Gross Domestic Product 35. barter 四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,共 10 分。 36. 独家经销合同 37. 双重税 38. 证券及房地产市场 39. 反通货膨胀政策 40. 招标 41. 财政一揽子计划( 方案) 42. 最惠国待遇 43. 人均收入 44. 期货 45. 贸易逆差
27. market share
28. technology transfer
29. discount rate
30. convertible currency 31. countervailing duty 32. joint venture
33. foreign鄄exchange reserves
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2020 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案
外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案【篇一：全国2011年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案】s=txt>外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. the authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the)a. speeding upb. speeding onc. speeding offd. speeding down)a. scratchedb. renovatedc. stimulatedoffice buildings and hotels. ()a. tremendousb. numerousa. determinatingb. toleratingc. improvingof the free-trade agreement. ()a. hugb. embarrassmentc. acceptancechallenges. ()a. increasedb. declinedc. sky-rocketedd. tasted7. at the summit meeting, america insisted that japan should would enable it to meet new import targets. ()a. bring forthb. come acrossc. put offd. reach out8. fearful that rapidly modernizing korean japan has fought to keep the koreans from appropriating its technologies. ()a. competitorsb. representativesd. introduced 3. now zhangjiagang is china’ d. worsening 5. balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in latin america to mr. clinton’ d. balance 6. as europe’s economy has free-market ideas that are new to much of europe face newc. negotiatorsand harder. () d. dealers a. luxurious b. lubricativec. penetratived. profitable)a. possessb. presentc. provided. purchase11. with barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing)a. loanersb. borrowersc. ownerstake the products. ()a. dissuadingb. persistingc. encouragingd. discouraging)a. communicateb. subsidizec. graded. ease14. you can use credit cards but it’s best to take some)a. couponb. moneyc. coind. dime15. lead values moved up to their best level since april last year a settlement ataustralia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines. ()a. withoutb. withc. as二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract 17. preferred status18. spot market19. bank for international settlements20. means of production 21. punitive import tariff22. gdp 23. trade reprisal24. fledgling industries25. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 双边条约 27. 试销市场 28. 原材料d. throughd. believers 29. 收盘价 30. 最惠国待遇31. 技术转让32. 高工资经济 33. 人均收入 34. 经济特区35. 自由贸易区四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）passage 1the us dollar value of chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from us $1.4 billion in 1981 to us $4.4 billion in 1982 and us$3.7 billion in 1983. exports grew much faster thanimports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by china’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years——and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.36. what do “per annum” and “approximately” mean?37. why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on china’s nationaleconomy?38. what is “a net grain exporter”? does it mean one who has never done any import?passage 2korea, once known as the “is plainly on the move. as with “japan, inc.” before it, the new label “korea, inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword. but south korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using the might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize the country’s banks and industrial infrastructure. the heady dreams of actually rivaling japan may never come within reach; korea’s economy, while large by asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island neighbor. and it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending. still, the comparisons with japan, inc. are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal korea’s 39. what is a “hermit kingdom”?40. what are the disadvantages of korea’s economy when compared with japan’s?41. what does “gathering clout” mean in the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）passage 1in order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. many firms need to order components or equipment to their ownspecifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. firms need reliable suppliers who must be:stable. firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.able. the purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. this may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.clear. what is required will usually be made clear in aspec ification. the specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. the supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.an important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. by using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. and delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. the suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too. 42. being “stable” means sticking to the same supplier with reliable financial background. ( )43. supplying firms with rich experience, good equipment and staff expertise can only be found inspecialist magazines. ()44. a “clear” supplying firm must initially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exacttechnical detail. ()45. having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ()46. according to the passage, there exist different opinions whether or not a purchasing companyshould use more or fewer suppliers for large orders. ()passage 2donegal is located in the windswept wilderness. it might seem an odd place to find one of europe’s most dynamic companies. but a small assembly unit making a muscular stimulation product for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. bmr teoranta—the company title in irish—has quietly established a market for itself, making products for muscular therapy and body toning using the brand name slendertone which it bought in 1989.mr. kevin mcdonnell, the chairman, chief executive and owner of 95 per cent of the company, is a little vague about the source of his success. part of it, he says, must be the strong work ethic in the area. he points out that half his employees are from galswegian families with their scottish attitudes of thrift and industry. mr. mcdonnell bought the company for $300,000 and bmr sales are now growing at around 50-60 per cent a year.the medical products business, where growth is less dramatic, but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of the company’s future earnings. in the us alone, the market for muscular stimulation products has jumped from $88m to more than $200m this year.many bmr products are not available over the counter but through catalogues. the company is looking at special advertising on video shopping channels. in the us companies like bmr are prohibited from selling medical products over the counter. in europe this situation is slightly different. bmr, for example, is starting to sell its consumer range in carrefour superstores in france and its range is available in pharmacies. however, under a european union ruling similar to us laws, companies that sell such products will have to reequip their factories to meet new health standards. “i know it sounds a bit smart, but our products have always been seen as industry standard,” says mr. kevin mcdonnell.the company spends ￡1,000,000 a year on research and development, quite a large sum for a company of its size.47. a big company would normally set its manufacturing site in a more prosperous area than donegal.()48. the brand name of this product for muscular therapy is bmr teoranta in irish. ()49. mr. mcdonnell attributed the success of his company to his management and industry.()50. it can be inferred that us laws for selling health products are stricter than the corresponding lawsin europe. ()51. if you want to buy a bmr product in france, you may go to the pharmacies. ()六、翻译题（本大题12分）yet in its current dour mood, europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history’s bloodiest wars. moreover, a fai lure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with european integration could lead to an uaveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.【篇二：00096外刊经贸知识选读全国2013年7月自考试题】s=txt>外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。
全国2011年4月外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案
全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years as means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology. ( )A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down2. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped. ( )A. scratchedB. renovatedC. stimulatedD. introduced3. Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels. ( )A. tremendousB. numerousC. noisyD. orderly4. Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991 was especially noteworthy. ( )A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening5. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free-trade agreement. ( )A. hugB. embarrassmentC. acceptanceD. balance6. As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges. ( )A. increasedB. declinedC. sky-rocketedD. tasted7. At the summit meeting, America insisted that Japan should come up with specific measures that would enable it to meet new import targets. ( )A. bring forthB. come acrossC. put offD. reach out8. Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rivals will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies. ( )A. competitorsB. representativesC. negotiatorsD. dealers9. International consultants who want to secure definite projects at lucrative fees are finding it harder and harder. ( )A. luxuriousB. lubricativeC. penetrativeD. profitable10. A separate, long-running dispute over oilseeds does still pose a threat. ( )A. possessB. presentC. provideD. purchase11. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealingexport earnings from creditors. ( )A. loanersB. borrowersC. ownersD. believers12. However, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nation totake the products. ( )A. dissuadingB. persistingC. encouragingD. discouraging13. Tractors and other agricultural machines greatly facilitate farming. ( )A. communicateB. subsidizeC. gradeD. ease14. You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well. ( )A. couponB. moneyC. coinD. dime15. Lead values moved up to their best level since April last year in the absence of a settlement atAustralia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines. ( )A. withoutB. withC. asD. through二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract 17. preferred status18. spot market 19. Bank for International Settlements20. means of production 21. punitive import tariff22. GDP 23. trade reprisal24. fledgling industries 25. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 双边条约27. 试销市场28. 原材料29. 收盘价30. 最惠国待遇31. 技术转让32. 高工资经济33. 人均收入34. 经济特区35. 自由贸易区四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent per annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US $1.4 billion in 1981 to US $4.4 billion in 1982 and US$3.7 billion in 1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years—China became a net grain exporter in 1984—and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.36. What do “per annum” and “approximately” mean?37. Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China’s nationaleconomy?38. What is “a net grain exporter”? Does it mean one who has never done any import?Passage 2Korea, once known as the “Hermit Kingdom”, is plainly on the move. As with “Japan, Inc.” before it, the new label “Korea, Inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword. But South Korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using the might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize the country’s banks and industrial infrastructure. The heady dreams of actually rivaling Japan may never come within reach; Korea’s economy, while large by Asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island neighbor. And it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending. Still, the comparisons with Japan, Inc. are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal Korea’s gathering clout.39. What is a “Hermit Kingdom”?40. What are the disadvantages of Korea’s economy when compared with Japan’s?41. What d oes “gathering clout” mean in the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1In order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. Many firms need to order components or equipment to their own specifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. Firms need reliable suppliers who must be: Stable. Firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. Thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.Able. The purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. This may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. Some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. Trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.Clear.What is required will usually be made clear in a specification. The specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. The supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.An important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. By using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. And delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. Arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. The suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too.42. Being “stable” means sticking to the same supplier with reliable financial background. ( )43. Supplying firms with rich experience, good equipment and staff expertise can only be found inspecialist magazines. ( )44. A “clear” supplying firm must initially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exacttechnical detail. ( )45. Having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ( )46. According to the passage, there exist different opinions whether or not a purchasing companyshould use more or fewer suppliers for large orders. ( )Passage 2Donegal is located in the windswept wilderness. It might seem an odd place to find one of Europe’s most dynamic companies. But a small assembly unit making a muscular stimulation product for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. BMR Teoranta—the company title in Irish—has quietly established a market for itself, making products for muscular therapy and body toning using the brand name Slendertone which it bought in 1989.Mr. Kevin McDonnell, the chairman, chief executive and owner of 95 per cent of the company, is a little vague about the source of his success. Part of it, he says, must be the strong work ethic in the area. He points out that half his employees are from Galswegian families with their Scottish attitudes of thrift and industry. Mr. McDonnell bought the company for $300,000 and BMR sales are now growing at around 50-60 per cent a year.The medical products business, where growth is less dramatic, but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of the company’s future earnings. In the US alone, the market for muscular stimulation products has jumped from $88m to more than $200m this year.Many BMR products are not available over the counter but through catalogues. The company is looking at special advertising on video shopping channels. In the US companies like BMR are prohibited from selling medical products over the counter. In Europe this situation is slightly different. BMR, for example, is starting to sell its consumer range in Carrefour superstores in France and its range is available in pharmacies. However, under a European Union ruling similar to US laws, companies that sell such products will have to reequip their factories to meet new health standards. “I know it sounds a bit smart, but our products have always been seen as industry standard,” says Mr. Kevin McDonnell.The company spends ￡1,000,000 a year on research and development, quite a large sum for a company of its size.47. A big company would normally set its manufacturing site in a more prosperous area than Donegal.( )48. The brand name of this product for muscular therapy is BMR Teoranta in Irish. ( )49. Mr. McDonnell attributed the success of his company to his management and industry.( )50. It can be inferred that US laws for selling health products are stricter than the corresponding lawsin Europe. ( )51. If you want to buy a BMR product in France, you may go to the pharmacies. ( )六、翻译题（本大题12分）Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have le d to some of history’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.。
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读考前密卷00096(含答案)一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
第1题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第2题 .【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第3题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第5题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第6题 .【正确答案】 A 此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第8题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第9题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第11题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第12题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第14题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第15题 .【正确答案】 D二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题 trade sanctions第2题 intellectual property right【正确答案】知识产权第3题 conglomerate【正确答案】跨行业公司第4题 exclusive contract【正确答案】独家经销合约第5题 trade reprisal【正确答案】贸易报复第6题 sovereignty dispute【正确答案】主权争端第7题 allocation of resources【正确答案】资源配置第8题 auction【正确答案】拍卖第9题 tough policy【正确答案】强硬的政策第10题 surplus labour【正确答案】剩余劳动力三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题现货市场【正确答案】 spot market第2题反垄断【正确答案】 anti—trust第3题合资企业【正确答案】 joint venture第4题试销【正确答案】 test marketing第5题反补贴税【正确答案】 countervailing duty第6题国民生产总值【正确答案】 Gross National Product(GNP)第7题高增长率【正确答案】 high rates of growth第8题通货紧缩【正确答案】 deflation第9题中央银行【正确答案】 central bank第10题试销市场【正确答案】 test market四、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题9分，共18分〕The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer b rown eggs over white. In fact, 90 per cent or more of the fresh eggs c onsumed are brown. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food shops.Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes. Chinesestyle restaurants also f ind that brown eggs are more popular with customers.Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage , depending on the consumer.To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg〞 and isan important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs. The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food outlets.第1题How many per cent do the Chinese constitute of Hong Kong’s popula tion【正确答案】 Chinese constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population.第2题 What kinds of eggs are more popular with customers【正确答案】 Fresh eggs with brown color.第3题What is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hote ls【正确答案】The odor is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels.Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears tactical, intended topressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negot iations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to tur n up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same welltrod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement thatwould provide only small gains for US companies. The same political pressur es from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now beari ng down on the Clinton team.第1题Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading part ners【正确答案】The Clinton administration has made up its mind to force its trading part ners to offer concessions so that it can resume negotiations with them on several fronts.第2题What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared t o see【正确答案】They are prepared to see US trade relations with its trading partners goi ng from bad to worse.第3题Please paraphrase “Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the s ame welltrod path as the Bush administration.〞【正确答案】Mr. Clinton and his advisers are adopting the same tough trade policies as the Bush administration.五、正误推断题〔本大题共10个题，每题2分，共20分〕如果正确，请写“T〞；如果错误，请写“F〞。
7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。
浙江7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096Ⅰ.常用词语的英译汉(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into Chinese.1.trade fairs and exhibitions2.intellectual property right3.trade procedure4.export quota5.(government)procurement6.European integration7.Export Commodity Fair8.countervailing duty9.fledgling industries10.deinflationary policiesⅡ.常用词语的汉译英(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into English.1.外商独资2.自然资源3.国内生产总值4.供需5.市场导向6.商业周期7.质量证书8.贸易逆差9.市场力量10.经常项目Ⅲ.正误判断题(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and decide whether the satements are ture or false.What Is MarketThe world market is used in a number of ways.There is a stock market and an automobile market,a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture.One person may be going to the market;another may plan to market a product.What,then is market?A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet,goods or services are offered for sale,and transfers of ownership occur.A market may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for a good or service.For instance,there is a farm marker for petroleum(石油)products.The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably;they may also be used jointly as market demand.These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here.For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants(needs) to satisfy,money to spend, and the willingness to spend it.Thus in the market demand for any given product or service,there are three factors to consider—people or organizations with wants(needs),their purchasing power,and theirbuying behavior.We shall employ the dictionary definition of needs:the lack of anything that is required,desired,or useful.We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological(生理的)requirements of food,clothing and shelter essential for survival.In our discussion the words needs and wants are used synonymously and interchangeably.In strict interpretation,however,needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food,clothing,and shelter,while wants would be nonbasic preferences.However,in our affluent society,little is to be gained by trying to differentiate between the two.Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food,clothing,and sheltter. 1.According to the passage,the word“market”can be used in different occasions and thereforeacquire different meanings.( )2.The sentence“…there is a farm market for petroleum products.”indicates that “market”and“demand”are sometimes synonyms.( )3.In the commercial field,the concept of market involves only people with wants.( )4.The words “needs”and “wants”can be used synonymously and interchangeably because theyboth suggest the lack of something.( )5.The passage is mainly about why people are confused with needs and wants.( )Ⅳ.单项选择题(每题2分，共20分)Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part or what is required in the following statements.1.In April,the EC imposed a ban on livestock,meat,and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia.( )A.levied a high tariffB.adopted quota systemC.limited the import volumeD.shut out imports2.Hire a commission buying agent who finds sources abroad on behalf of the principal.( )A.head of an educational institutionB.person who commits a crimeC.main actor or performerD.one who employs another to act as his agent3.An in-ouse service gives managers direct contact with foreign suppliers, an advantage to a firm that has a large volume of overseas purchasing.( )A.a business carried on in shelter,not in openB.a deal concluded in one's own countryC.an entertainments given to suppliersD.a negotiation with the supplier in one's own company4.But it often allows the purchaser a say in product specifications.( )A.revision to his requirementsB.room for bargainingC.right to decideD.presentation of complaint5.It is also the only way to ensure product exclusivity.( )A.right of only sale of a product,not shared by othersB.a competitive edge in sale of a productC.an advantage over other firms in sale of a productD.a small number of a product only6.Direct buying enables companies to do a better job of product development with key vendors.( )A.producersB.sellersC.consumersD.buyers7.Officials on both sides were optimistic that a deal on farming,which would unlock the rest of the round,was within reach.( )A.solveB.openC.tightenD.close8.Sony had to shrink 2,000 components into a space one quarter the size they occupy in a conventional camcorder.( )A.condenseB.add up toC.leave offD.make lighter9.With a target to aim at,the coverers know that the innovation is at least technically feasible.( )A.strongB.stableC.advancedD.possible10.Tourists enterprises and any other service industry outside the zone are not entitled to any special status.( )A.have no power toB.are not interested inC.have no right toD.are not obliged toⅤ.英译汉(每题4分，共40分)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.We will also implement the “going out”strategy,encouraging viable enterprises to invest abroad.This will enable us to take advantage of both the domestic and international markets.2.After China joins the WTO,consumers on the mainland will start to find more choices in their shops,including many new items from overseas.3.International marketing is important because the world has become globalized.International marketing takes place all around us every day, and has a major effect on our lives.4.Technology transfer is the transfer of systematic knowledge for the manufacture of a product,for the application of a process,or for the rendering of a service.The elements of the transfer are “human ware”,“soft ware”and “hard w\are”.5.Foreign direct investment tends to transfer assets from the developed world to the developing world.But the pattern is not entirely simple.6.We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world of competition.7.Hong Kong and Korea didn't invent new or more efficient manufacturing techniques.They simply bought market share with low wages.8.Globalisation has aroused worries in many rich countries that free trade with much poorer countries threatens jobs and prosperity.This was plain in last year's debate in the United States over expanding the North American Free Trade Agreement.9.The world economy has sneezed,the mainland's export sector has caught a cold,and Hong Kong is suffering from influenza.There is no quick cure medication.10.The company's new formula was designed partly to keep Coke's sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans,who guzzle more soda than water,the rest of world is still in the sipping stage.Ⅵ.短文提问(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and answer the questions in English.Given the stakes involved,it's not surprising that the issue has become politically volatile.The outspoken opposition leaders of the National Assembly routinely criticize the government forgranting special tax breaks to the chaebol,which they argue have impeded the growth of small businesses and stymied entrepreneurship.1.What does “given”mean here?2.What is “the stakes”?3.Why was the government criticized by the outspoken opposition leaders?4.Give one synonym for “businesses”.5.What is the meaning of “involved”here?。
全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题
全国自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试历年真题全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题Ⅰ.Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Unlike cereals and other farm goods, which the Uruguay round aimed to bring within the GATT’s jurisdiction for the first time, oilseeds already fall within it.（）A. justificationB. authorityC. justiceD. announcement2.Speculators profited handsomely from the price fluctuation of the 1990s.（）A. stabilityB. flexibilityC. volatilityD. regulation3.In this project everybody does his own share of the work.（）A. participationB. portionC. promotionD. production4.The treaty stipulates a member’s obligations and benefits.（）A. privilegeB. dutyC. abilityD. action5. Facing the challenge of cheap American corn in the 1870s, Danish farmers developed a lucrative market exporting butter, eggs, and bacon to the UK.（）A. smoothB. profitableC. substantialD. sophisticated6.It is not a blueprint for how the single market will actually work.（）A. detailed planB. blue colorC. legal frameworkD. blue printer7.In this area, some foreign investors can enjoy tax breaks.（）A. intervalsB. preferential gapsC. restsD. preferential policies8.The foreign company locates an agent in Shanghai.（）A. situatesB. securesC. placesD. flourishes9.The store discounted all clothing for the sale.（）A. expanded on scaleB. extended to some degreeC. put to an endD. reduced in price10.Major suppliers to the Hong Kong egg market are making greater efforts to increase thecompetitiveness of their products.（）A. capability of competitionB. possibility of competitionC. probability of competitionD. competitor11.There is a rigid export quota in that country.（）A. flexibleB. stupidC. rapidD. stiff12.Foreign trade plays a major role in the Four Modernizations program.（）A. partB. ruleC. partnerD. roll13. Businessmen battled with bureaucracy in an effort to fulfill their hopes.（）A. turn outB. fill outC. carry outD. come out14.Some Western experts are predicting that China could become the world’s dominant economy in the near future.（）A. directingB. proceedingC. indicatingD. foretelling15.There were no breakthroughs in the Uruguay Round ofGATT negotiations on key elements.（）A. achievementsB. failuresC. accommodationsD. sluggishnessⅡ.Translate the following phrases into Chinese:(10%)16.trade fairs and exhibitions17.preferential tax rate18.vested interests21.European integration22.bilateral pacts23.countervailing duty24.fledgling industries25.deinflationary policiesⅢ.Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁Ⅳ.Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)passage 1The company’s new formula was designed partly to keep Coke’s sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans, whoguzzle more soda than water, the rest of world is still in the sipping stage. Coca-Cola’s goal is to kick up its slowing growth rate outside the U.S. from about 3% a year to 10%. Company executives think a less filling, more “guzzleable” new Coke will help.Domestically, sales of soft drinks have been bubbling a long nicely. They grew 6% last year, vs. 2% to 3% a few years ago. But the cola makers may experience more growing pains, at least with the high-calorie colas that account for half of all sales (diet colas hold about 12%). Baby-boomers are showing a strong preference for healthier, less fattening drinks as they age-every-thing from diet soda to bottled water to fruit juice.36.What is the difference between “guzzle” and “ sip” in meaning?37.What doe s “less filling” mean?38.Could you tell the reason why there is a slow increase of high-calorie-cola sales?Passage 2Zhangjiagang is a commercial hub of Jiangsu, the fastest-growing province in China. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. Its boom radiates from Guangdong, its richest province, but it has spread as far west as Xingjiang, where foreign investors are searching for oil and other natural resources. It is creeping inland, from Jiangsu to the cities of Congqing and Wu-han, where businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan are starting to spend billions of dollars to build factories. And it has penetrated the northeast, where the city of Shengyan, long a moribund center of state industry, is bustling with new private business, from trading companies to prostitution. Back in Beijing, officials at China’s state council, or cabinet, are giddy withexcite-ment-and exhaustion. “We don’t have people, we don’t have time,” says one. “Things are moving too fast.”economy early in the 21st century.39.What do the phrases “dynamic economy” and “the world’s dominant economy” mean?40.What is the meaning of “We don’t have people” in the underlined sentence?41.What are some Western experts predicting?Ⅴ.Read the following two passages and decide wheth er the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given:(20%)Passage 1In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia. Hungarian Foreign Minister Geza Jeszenszky told EC leaders that the “entirely unwarranted (move) smacks of a most regrettable survival of the notion of an Eastern bloc.”The EC followed with antidumping duties and “voluntary”export restraints on cert ain steel products from Hungary and Poland. And just days after signing the EFTA free trade agreement in early April, Austria introduced import quotas on chemicals, cement agricultural machinery, and steel from Eastern Europe. West Europeans claim that their eastern neighbors have an unfair advantage because of low wages, state subsidies and low environmental standards.Although the EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on most industrial goods over 10 years, most agricultural products are not included in the agreements. This is critical for Hungary, with its extensive farm sector.“The EC is never going to let Hungary achieve its potential output,” says Iowa David Andres, who has studied Hungarian agriculture firsthand ,” They’re already afraid of Hungary.”Statements:42. “In April, the EC imposed a ban on livestock, meat, and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth, disease in Croatia.” Here imposed a ban means shut out imports. ( )43. With the EC and EFTA agreements, there will hardly be any improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s agricultural products. ( )44.The EC and EFTA agreements will let Hungary achieve its agricultural potential output.45.There will be a lot of improvement in exports of Eastern Europe’s products except agricultural products. ( )46.The EC and EFTA agreements are supposed to lift tariffs and trade barriers on all the products over 10 years. ( ) Passage 2It is time to junk much conventional wisdom about the US economy. Until recently, most analysts assumed the recovery from recession would remain abnormally weak. And looking further ahead they assume that the US would continue to decline economically relative to other industrial countries, principally Japan and a more unified European Community.Both assumptions are now looking shaky. A clutch of much stronger than expected data suggests the US recovery is finally beginning to take off. Output per hour increased 2.7percent last year-the fastest productivity growth in 20 years.With productivity increases translating into impressive gains in corporate profits, US share prices are hitting record high andthe dollar is beginning to climb relative to other leading currencies. For internationally mobile capital, the attractions of the US economy are enhanced by worse than expected performance just about everywhere else. Growth throughout Europe is being held back by the strains imposed by German unification andencouraging inflation outlook for a generation. Consumer prices are expected to rise by only about 2.5% to 3% this year and next.Mr. Clinton, however, in his State of Union address on February 17, is expected to announce an economic stimulus worth about US $ 30 billion, or 0.5 percent of GDP. He will also announce longer term plans to tackle the familiar budget deficit, now running at about $ 300 billion but expected nearly to double within a decade because of runaway growth of spending on health care and other ‘entitlement’ programs.Statements:47.The conventional wisdom about the US economy assumed that the recovery would remain abnormally weak.( )48.The US economy recovery becomes more attractive for internationally mobile capital because the US recovery is abnormally strong.( )49.Both assumptions are now looking right.( )50.Mr. Clinton will make effort to slash the familiar budget deficit.( )51. The budget deficit of US is expected to be worse in the next ten years.( )Ⅵ.Translate the following passage into Chinese:(12%)The local Arabic press has given full coverage to the council’s debates and to a series of informal majlis discussionsheld weekly during Ramadan. In the latter, the issues of youth unemployment, drugs, the role of women and the size of the immigrant population were freely discussed. However, observers say Western-style democracy is not on the political agenda as the majlis system enjoys legitimacy and appears well-suited to the tribal traditions of Gulf society.全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题1. After the president’s speech, the stock pr ice slumped by10 percent yesterday.（）A. increasedB. droppedC. wavedD. showed2. Jack finally reached a bargain with the antique dealer over the vase.（）A. a sanctionB. an approachC. a traditionD. an agreement3. The following year, a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.（）A. draftedB. issuedC. broadcastD. proposed4. Sales forecasts are outside my province —you should discuss them with the manager.（）A. problemB. programC. fieldD. task5. These eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the consumer.（）A. an onlyB. a pleasantC. a desirableD. an unusual6. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,”says the Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line for retaliation.”（）A. revengeB. recoveryC. reflectionD. inflation7. We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world competition.（）A. instanceB. resistanceC. momentD. background8. If companies can’t get their products distributed nationwide, marketing them will be more expensive.（）A. spreadB. spentC. contributedD. attributed9. The real estate has increasingly become vulnerable to business setbacks and changes of economic climate.（）A. strongly resistant toB. gradually accustomed toC. more adapted toD. easily attacked by10. At five o’clock in the afternoon the city streets are a series of bottlenecks.（）A. bottling chambersB. narrow parts of bottlesC. bottlenosesD. traffic jams11.We had a dispute about how much money he owes me.（）A. disposeB. discountC. quarrelD. quota12. The bilateral surplus with America is also growing rapidly.（）A. one-edgedB. two-edgedC. one-sidedD. two-sided13. There were several rounds of negotiation before China entered WTO.（）A. mistakesB. sensesC. circlesD. sessions14. The economic crisis has seriously affected French exports.（）A. effectedB. reflectedA. influencedB. bargainedC. offendedD. balanced第二部分非选择题(共70分)II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.unfair trade17.exclusive contract18.per capita income19.long-term strategy20.GATT21.financial crisis22.trade representative23.physical market24.financial deregulation25.sovereignty disputeIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1In the past few days differences between the United States and the European Community on farm trade have narrowed almost to nothing. As a result the world is now close to concluding the Uruguay round of GATT talks. That deal is admittedly far from perfect, a series of messy compromises. The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight. Never mind. On a conservative estimate the Uruguay round would permanently raise global welfare by more than $100 billion a year, spur economic growth everywhere and extend competition to hitherto sheltered, and therefore backward, parts of all economies. By any standards, it would be a hugely valuable achievement.36.Why does the passage say that the Uruguay round is close to conclusion?37.What do “far from” and “sheltered” mean?38.How can the Uruguay round be described by a non-conservative estimate?Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all But counter trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39.What are the advantage and disadvantage of barter?40.What does “global firms” refer to?41.Why do countries with strong foreign exchange positionneed counter trade?V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1Holst and Company, a member of the Northwest Holst Group, has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. It claims to be the first UK construction company to do this. The three-month trial period is being conducted with the approval of the overwhelming majority of the head offices. All 150 employees must be at their job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, less a one-our lunch break. They may choose arrival and departure times from 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm. 150 hours have to be put in over each four week period. Credit or debit time of up to 7 and 1/2 hours may be carried forward to the next four-week period. Hengstler Flextime recording equipment is being used for the trial. The managing director of Holst, Mr Colin Cashmore, commented, “This is an exercise in responsibility. We regard our staff as very responsible people and it is only on this basis that the flexible working hours system can succeed.”He emphasized that if after the trial a majority of the staff was opposed to the system, it would not be continued. If, on the other hand, it proved successful, the company would consider extending Flextime to its other offices throughout the country.Statements:42. The Northwest Holst Group has introduced flexible working hours for all its staff at its head office. （）43. Every employee must be at his or her job during the “core time”from 10 am to 4 pm, including a one-hour lunchbreak.（）44. All 150 employees are free to choose their arrival and departure times during the day.（）45. If all the staff of Holst and Company were not responsible, the flexible working hours system could not succeed.（）46. Holst and Company has decided to carry out the flexible working hours system even if the majority of the staff is opposed to it.（）Passage 2Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. The optimists have predicted that the powerhouse economy is suffering only a temporary slowdown. Yet virtually every key indicator continues to deteriorate. The much-vaunted “soft landing”is cleaning not in the cards. Recovery is further away than many people imagine, and it will be slow and erratic when it does come.Alarmed at the rapid asset-price inflation of the mid-1980s, bureaucrats intervened to head off a crash.Japan dipped decidedly into recession as GDP fell 0.2％in the second quarter of 1992, 0.4% in the third and 0.3% in the fourth. Industrial output shrank 6.1% last year. Now we’re starting to see bankruptcies by industrial and service companies. The recession is no longer confined to the bubble economy-it has entered the real economy.Japanese companies do have an impressive track record of responding to crisis situations. They rebounded very quickly from the oil-price shock in 1973 and more recently offset the rising Yen by boosting productivity and shifting operations overseas.This time around, however, they face a much harder andlonger road to recovery. Recession is going to be very difficult for Japan.The restructuring trend may itself exacerbate the problem. To try to shore up faltering profits, companies will slash capital investment and employee benefits. This in turn will further damage consumer confidence. Around 20% of Japan’s GNP comes from business investment, with a whopping 60% from consumer spending.Consumer confidence has also been hurt by layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses. For a long time there have been more new job offers than there were seekers, but this has fallen recently. For most Japanese this is an extraordinary occurrence.Statements:47. Japan’s economy is in the most wrenching adjustment since the oil-price shock of the early 1970s. Here“the most wrenching adjustment”means“the most painless adjustment”.（）48. As GNP fell successively and there are bankruptcies in some companies, we can say for certain that the economy is undoubtedly in recession.（）49. Japanese industries were known to be remarkably flexible in adjusting to economic crisis. This time it’s going to be very difficult for them to emerge from recession. （）50. Consumer c onfidence is vitally important to Japan’s economy, because employee benefits were slashed.（）51. The recent occurrence of layoffs and cuts in overtime pay and bonuses is quite unusual to most Japanese, as fora long time there have been more job offers than seekers. （）VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations. International trade was supposed to be freed from bartering’s constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attended the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题I. Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following statements or best completes them:(30%)1.Farmers bartered rice for machinery.A. exportedB. importedC. exchangedD. charged2. Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.A. procedureB. stimulusC. potentialD. section3. For China’s newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region — thanks largely to low wages.A. productsB. salesC. bonusesD. returns4. The workers demanded the same wage and the same treatment! There must be no discrimination.A. distributionB. prejudiceC. agreementD. performance5. Victims of the world’s largest industrial accident got $470 million compensation.A. conversationB. paymentC. preparationD. competition6. South Korea needs only some degree of sweat and some degree of technological sophistication.A. effortB. waterC. feverD. sweet7. Experts predict that the stock market will remain buoyant.A. buyingB. risingC. decliningD. descending8. International conditions for growth in developing countries deteriorated in 1991.A. betteredB. determinedC. worsenedD. damaged9. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.A. pointB. pressureC. pullD. priority10. Measures to reduce costs are beginning to take effect.A. affect all sidesB. produce desired resultsC. impact costD. have influence11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment.A. spreadB. spoilC. stimulateD. spill12. I wanted to go out, but I had no money. I had no alternative but to stay at home.A. alternateB. chooseC. alertD. choice13. A key element of his economic program is the promotion of free trade and investment.A. encouragementB. protectionC. excitementD. innovation14. Speculators deserted the security and big yields afforded by the equity and money markets.A. stockB. assetC. equalityD. salesC. localD. abroadII. Translate the following phrases into Chinese: (10%)16.most-favored nation treatment17.trade surplus18.hard currency19.merger of banks20.liquid assets21.a hermit nation22.trade negotiation23.at a rough estimate24.Chinese Export Commodities Fair25.foreign exchange reservesIII. Translate the following phrases into English:(10%)26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期IV. Read the following passages and answer the following questions in English:(18%)Passage 1A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of itsbamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business.For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1.3 billion consumers no longer seems like a pipedream. The Chinese－in particular the rural population－are getting richer and now want visible improvements to their standard of living: they aspire to own colour TV sets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing. Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.36.Please paraphrase “has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain” in Line 1.37.What is implied by using the word “better”? Does it refer merely to the quality of goods here or something more?38.What do “having access to” and “sales” mean?Passage 2Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets (which it deems to be closed) by setting import targets－an approach to trade policy that supporters call “result-oriented”. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead toa trans-Pacific confrontation.39.Please give a synonym to the expression “give in” and explain the meaning of “draw the line”.40.What would Japan do in the past when foreign countriesput pressure on its international trade policy?41.Plea se paraphrase the underlined sentence “No longer, it seems”.V. Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given: (20%)Passage 1China is now reaching for the next rung on the economic ladder. Last fall Beijing agreed to open its markets to more U.S. goods, including everything from Polaroid film to automobiles. In return, Washington would support China’s membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Membership in this club, which includes all the world’s leading economies, could provide a huge boost for a low-wage export economy. Already though, China’s commercial strength is starting to worry competitors. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics. Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most -favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No.1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we’ll be first in line f or retaliation.”Statements:42. China’s trade surplus, mainly from exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, decreased last year.43. The strategy of opening markets to more U.S. goods is adopted by Chinese leaders in the hope of obtainingWashi ngton’s support in winning back China’s membership in GATT.44. China became the country which held the largest trade surplus with the U.S. last year.45. In the past, the trade imbalance was regarded as the more important source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China than human rights.46. Officials in Beijing attach much importance to the trade surplus.Passage 2Nike is the world’s largest supplier of athletic footwear and among the most successful consumer-products companies to have emerged in the past 20 years. Part of that success has come about by paying rock-bottom wages to the workers who make the shoes. All but 1% of the 90 million shoes Nike makes each year are manufactured in Asia.Nike is as American as Coca-cola. Part of its appeal to the millions of people around the world who buy its athletic shoes is that Nike is selling a sense of freedom. “Just do it!” exult Nike’s advertisements.But there is a rough side to this dream: the ruthlessness with which Nike pares its costs. The company is forfactories; 20 have closed in the past five years or so and another 35 have opened.Nike may look like an all-American enterprise, but its success relies on its ability to harness Asia’s spectacular manufacturing expertise. “We’re always looking fo r new manufacturing sources,”says Nike’s vice-president for production. “People ask why we don’t produce more in Eastern Europe, but we’ve concluded that the most capable manufacturers are in Asia.”The organization of Nike is simple and effective. All the production risk is taken by contractors. “We don’t know the first thing about manufacturing,” says Nike’s vice-president for Asia-Pacific. “We are marketers and designers.”There are the areas on which it concentrates its resources. Yet it retains the advantages of firms which produce in-house, namely a high degree of control over quality and the ability to respond rapidly to changing tastes.Until recently, almost all Nike’s shoes were made in South Korea and Taiwan, but as labor costs there have soared, the firm’s contractors in these two areas have moved much of their production to cheaper sites in Indonesia and Thailand.Statements:47. The most important ingredient of Nike’s success is giving people a sense of freedom.48. The quantity of shoes Nike manufactures in Asia each year is about 90 million.49. As all the production risk is taken by contractors, Nike’s main concentration is on marketing and designing.50.Nike prefers to produce in Asia rather than in Eastern Europe because they think the Asian market is bigger than Eastern Europe’s.51. To keep costs low, Nike’s most important strategy is to produce in countries where labor costs are still low.VI. Translate the following passage into Chinese: (12%)52.In matters relating to the environment, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held in June 1992, produced an “Earth Charter,” or declaration of basic principles for the conduct of nations and peoples with respect to environment and development; agreements on specific legal。
(全新整理)4月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. His employer transferred him to another office.A. renovatedB. changedC. aspiredD. exchanged2. The Chinese government plans to speed up rural development.A. distributeB. contributeC. moderateD. accelerate3. This boom in adult education, in turn, helps to raise the intellectual standard of the whole country.A. growthB. measureC. bonusD. behemoth4. Companies like IBM and Dell are starting to offer comparable packages for open source solutions.A. similarB. reliableC. cyclicalD. considerable5. As a consequence of something which happens in the game, a player must do something silly.A. conversationB. paymentC. competitionD. result6. EU takes steps to remove an obstruction from Chinese textile imports held up at EU frontiers.A. unlockB. unloadC. unblockD. unbind17. It requires the return of excess revenue to taxpayers when state revenue exceeds the amount forecast at the start of a budget period by more than 2 percent.A. expensiveB. surplusC. extensiveD. rough8. The recent statement of the president forecast a change in the situation.A. diminishedB. capitulatedC. concentratedD. foreshadowed9. The factory must aim at developing new models of machines.A. targetB. outstripC. justifyD. enforce10. The appointment of an experienced UAE diplomat will add weight to the UAE’s voice in the organization.A. heightB. importanceC. widthD. appearance11. Record oil prices in the international market pose no threat to the Swiss economy at the moment.A. proposeB. possessC. presentD. protect12. Northrop Corporation located a purchaser for Swiss elevators in Egypt.A. pulledB. foundC. pushedD. chose13. The Audit Techniques Guides (ATGs) focus on developing highly trained examiners for a particular market segment.A. divisionB. protectionC. examinationD. innovation14. More than Microsoft, Google is more likely to monopolize the Internet with their probable GNet and Google.2A. constituteB. promoteC. stabilizeD. dominate15. The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government.A. yieldingB. successiveC. followingD. speculative二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. most-favored nation treatment17. trade surplus18. hard currency19. merger of banks20. liquid assets21. a hermit nation22. trade negotiation23. at a rough estimate24. Chinese Export Commodities Fair25. foreign exchange reserves三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 国民收入27. 国际收支28. 收盘价29. 惩罚性进口关税30. 证券投资31. 商品市场32. 自由市场（无壁垒市场）33. 智囊团/ 顾问班子34. 产地证明书35. 对等价值3四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1Coca-Cola’s advance into orange soda is bad news for Sunkist, which holds a 1.5% share of the soft drink market, and Crush (around 1%) Coca-Cola began testing Minute Maid Orange Soda in Canada last summer. Some analysts think it will quickly challenge Sunkist as the top-selling orange drink.The sleeper among the products might turn out to be Cherry Coke, which contains no fruit juice at all. Emanuel Goldman, a beverage analyst with Montgomery Securities in San Francisco, says Cherry Coke has captured shares of 4% to 8% in test markets. The drink probably won’t do as well when it is rolled out nationally, since consumer coupons and price promotions have been helping it along. But Goldman believes Cherry Coke could eventually displace Dr Pepper as the nation’s fifth-best-selling soft drink.36. Why is Cherry Coke described as the “sleeper”?37. What is a test market? How do you understand “price promotions” here?38. Which brand occupies the fifth place on the soft drink list at present?Passage 2The most visible result of this buoyant market in both centres is a plethora of new multi-storey commercial and residential buildings. In Abu Dhabi, these projects are let through the Khalifah committee or the Department of Social Services to local consultants, but in Dubai there is more of an international spread.Building work apart, consultants predict a fairly wide spread of projects. “We expect the market to remain buoyant for the next couple of years. There is a fair bit of work at Mina Zayed coming up, a fair bit of road-working on the island and the hinterland, and we expect some airport development to rear its head in the not too distant future,”says one long-established Abu Dhabi-based consultant.39. Who are renting the multi-storey commercial buildings in Abu Dhabi and Dubai?40. What is the prospect of new building projects?441. Please explain “rear its head” and “Abu Dhabi-based” in the last sentence.五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Specifications are detailed descriptions of the goods to be sold. They include the composition, content, purity, strength, size, etc. of the goods.The same kind of goods might also be classified into different grades, such as large, medium, or small; Grade A, Grade B, or Grade C. Every grade has its own specifications. These grades are given by commercial chambers or relevant government departments or informally by the producers or the traders themselves. There are no uniform international grades for goods, and they are not so formal as standards.Standards are the specifications or grades officially recognized by the governmental department or commercial organizations of a country. They have legal effects and hence are binding upon the traders. If the goods do not conform with the requirements demanded by the standards, they are not to be marketed.Different countries have different standards. Also, most countries make alterations and amendments to their standards and it is therefore necessary to state the quoted publications of the standard in a contract.In the trading of agricultural products, F.A.Q. (fair average quality) is often employed to indicate the quality of the goods. F.A.Q. is rather sweeping. From a technical point of view, it indicates the average quality of the current crop. Besides F.A.Q., specifications are still necessary unless the transaction is done between regular trading partners.To be different from F.A.Q., the term “selected” is sometimes empl oyed. With this term, the seller needs to state the specifications of the goods to show how selected it is.For the trading of wood and aquatic products, G.M.Q. (good merchantable quality) is employed to indicate the quality of goods. G.M.Q. means the goods is free from defects and is good enough for use or consumption. G.M.Q. is usually not supplemented with specifications and when disputes arise because of the quality of the goods, exporters will have to be invited to make5the arbitration.42. Grades have more detailed descriptions of goods than specifications.43. One major difference between standards, grades and specifications is that standards are official.44. It is important for export goods to meet the standards of their target countries.45. The difference between F.A.Q. and “selected” is that the latter involves less general specifications.46. Goods with G.M.Q. are usually better in quality than products with F.A.Q.Passage 2Let me touch on a few areas where progress in the Doha Development Agenda will help poorer countries reap further gains from trade and enhance their potential for sustainable development.Agriculture is and has always been a fundamental sector for many developing countries. Agriculture is critical to the successful conclusion of the negotiations. Ambitious liberalization in this sector can offer big potential gains for all countries, particularly developing countries. WTO members are committed to comprehensive negotiations aimed at addressing market access, export subsidies and trade distorting domestic support. More than 50 developing countries depend on agriculture for over one-third of their merchandise export earnings. The eventual elimination of trade distorting measures which affect agricultural trade will be a tremendous boost for sustainable development. The World Bank has estimated that phasing out restrictions on agriculture could lead to higher income in developing countries of some US$400 billion by 2015. The gains from this are several times larger than all the debt relief granted to developing countries so far.Tariff peaks and tariff escalation: after many rounds of trade negotiations, average tariffs on non-agricultural products have been significantly reduced. But relatively high tariffs still remain on some products in which developing countries are competitive and tariffs go up as the level of processing increases. Tariff escalation prevents developing countries from moving away from dependence on a few commodities. Tariff peaks and tariff escalation must be brought down by the6negotiations, if developing countries are to be able to meaningfully gain from world merchandise trade.47. The speaker discusses the reason of why Doha Development Agenda has been a great success.48. Progress in the agriculture negotiations alone contributes substantially to this development agenda.49. Most of the export earnings of Africa come from agricultural products.50. Doing away with trade barriers in agriculture means exempting developing countries from debts.51. Because developed countries set a limit on tariffs, developing countries are exporting a broader range of competitive commodities.六、翻译题（本大题12分）52.During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities has been to reduce the proportion of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communications.7。
外刊经贸知识选读试题答案
自考外刊经贸知识选读真题答案课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分)在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
1. There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s being elected as Congressman. ( )A. abilityB. possibilityC. capabilityD. specialty2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $356 million for project financing and trade operations. ( )A. disburseB. displayC. demonstrateD. distribute3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. ( )A. motiveB. passiveC. activeD. massive4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world largest economy in 202X. ( )A. expendB. extendC. expandD. exceed5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease. ( )A. vigorousB. excessiveC. moderateD. lackluster6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry.( )A. flashB. clashC. brushD. crash7. It is evident that China’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. ( )A. cleanB. flatC. clearD. dour8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents. ( )A. excessB. exitC. extraD. entry9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office. ( )A. filteredB. rivetedC. formedD. delved10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy tax proposals in the US and the EC. ( )A. introductionsB. destinationsC. accommodationsD. suggestions11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s. ( )A. diminishB. deliverC. destroyD. detatch12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances. ( )A. tendB. guideC. endureD. strain13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you need it for your lifestyle. ( )A. segmentB. trademarkC. reformulationD. commercial14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white. ( )A. composeB. competeC. combineD. compile15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. ( )A. grimB. strictC. rawD. severe二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1 分，共10分〕16. exclusive contract 17. current account18. clearing agreement 19. per capita income20. barrier-free market 21. carbon tax22. real estate 23. test market24. intellectual property right 25. business cycle三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. 供给过剩 27. 收盘价28. 初级产品 29. 市场份额30. 双边条约 31. 产地证明书32. 中国出口商品交易会 33. 资本货物34. 优先权 35. 直接投资四、简答题〔本大题共6小题，共18分〕Passage 1In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country’s fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world’s suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea has sizzled along at an 8 per cent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 per cent, a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.36. What do “hover〞and “ba re-bones〞 mean in the passage37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 95 per cent38. In what sense is the underlined word “sophistication〞 used here What might it refer to specifically and what does it have to do with energyPassage 2International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, “To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells.〞Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. “It can help one group and hurt another,〞 he says.On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertradeprovides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.39. What is the meaning of “barter〞 in its traditional form40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade五、正误推断题〔本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分〕Passage 1The term “quality〞 is one of the most misused in the business world. What exactly does it mean Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that.In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked the questions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company’s executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest inthe world. Why all these detailed questions about numbersRolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old-style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.The US fast foods group McDonald’s, for instance, talks of its ‘high quality food’. But at 99c or 99p, its hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed world could desire. They are alsohighly consistent. Eat a McDonald’s anywhere around the world and the results will be roughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald’s is also a long way from quality in its original sense.42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced. ( )43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price. ( )44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Rolls Royce.( )45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces. ( )46. The writer thinks that McDonald’s hamburgers a re not worth the money. ( )Passage 2The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among the world’s 12 largest economies. High-profile Asian businesses like Toyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middle class created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth. Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion. Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.Greater wealth has brought a down side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combined with stress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day. ( )48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different. ( )49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. ( )50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces. ( )51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth. ( )六、翻译题〔本大题12分〕52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented〞. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this newthrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.外刊经贸知识选读真题答案及评分参考一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕1. B2. A3. C4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9.A 10. D 11. C 12.B 13. D 14. A 15. C二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕16. 独家经销合约 17. 经常工程 18. 清算协议 19. 人均收入 20. 无壁垒市场 21. 双重税22. 房地产 23. 试销市场 24. 知识产权 25. 商业周期三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. glut of supplies 27. closing level/closing price 28.soft commodity 29. market share30. bilateral pacts 31. certificate of origin 32. Chinese Export Commodity Fair 33. capital goods34. preferred status 35. direct investment四、简答题〔本大题共 6小题，共 18分〕36.“Hover〞means “stay〞. “Bare-bones〞means “very low〞 or “inadequate〞. (2分)37. Only a few of the most advanced Western nations. (2分)38. In the given context, it means the advancement of technology. (2分)It refers specifically to their (technically) modernized municipal facilities, which helps give people the impression that it’s a place full of “energy〞. (3分)39. It means the direct exchanging of goods of equivalent value rather than using money. (3分)40. Countertrade involves conditional buying or allows no free choice in importing. That’s both against competition and free trade. (3分)41. It provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system. / I can relieve the massive debts of developing countries. (3分)五、正误推断题。
2011年4月自学考试00096《外刊经贸知识选读》真题试卷及参考答案
全国2011年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years as means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology. ( )A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down2. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped. ( )A. scratchedB. renovatedC. stimulatedD. introduced3. Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels. ( )A. tremendousB. numerousC. noisyD. orderly4. Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991 was especially noteworthy. ( )A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening5. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free-trade agreement. ( )A. hugB. embarrassmentC. acceptanceD. balance6. As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges. ( )A. increasedB. declinedC. sky-rocketedD. tasted7. At the summit meeting, America insisted that Japan should come up with specific measures that would enable it to meet new import targets. ( )A. bring forthB. come acrossC. put offD. reach out8. Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rivals will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies. ( )A. competitorsB. representativesC. negotiatorsD. dealers9. International consultants who want to secure definite projects at lucrative fees are finding it harder and harder. ( )A. luxuriousB. lubricativeC. penetrativeD. profitable10. A separate, long-running dispute over oilseeds does still pose a threat. ( )A. possessB. presentC. provideD. purchase11. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors. ( )A. loanersB. borrowersC. ownersD. believers12. However, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nation to take the products. ( )A. dissuadingB. persistingC. encouragingD. discouraging13. Tractors and other agricultural machines greatly facilitate farming. ( )A. communicateB. subsidizeC. gradeD. ease14. You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well. ( )A. couponB. moneyC. coinD. dime15. Lead values moved up to their best level since April last year in the absence of a settlement at Australia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines. ( )A. withoutB. withC. asD. through二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract17. preferred status18. spot market19. Bank for International Settlements20. means of production21. punitive import tariff22. GDP23. trade reprisal24. fledgling industries25. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 双边条约27. 试销市场28. 原材料29. 收盘价30. 最惠国待遇31. 技术转让32. 高工资经济33. 人均收入34. 经济特区35. 自由贸易区四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent per annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US $1.4 billion in 1981 to US $4.4 billion in 1982 and US$3.7 billion in 1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years—China became a net grain exporter in 1984—and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.36. What do “per annum” and “approximately” mean?37. Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on China’s national economy?38. What is “a net grain exporter”? Does it mean one who has never done any import?Passage 2Korea, once known as the “Hermit Kingdom”, is plainly on the move. As with “Japan, Inc.” before it, the new label “Korea, Inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword. But South Korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using the might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize the country’s banks and industrial infrastructure. The heady dreams of actually rivaling Japan may never come within reach; Korea’s economy, while large by Asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island neighbor. And it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending. Still, the comparisons with Japan, Inc. are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal Korea’s gathering clout.39. What is a “Hermit Kingdom”?40. What are the disadvantages of Korea’s economy when compared with Japan’s?41. What does “gathering clout” mean in the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1In order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. Many firms need to order components or equipment to their own specifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. Firms need reliable suppliers who must be:Stable. Firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. Thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.Able. The purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. This may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. Some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. Trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.Clear. What is required will usually be made clear in a specification. The specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. The supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.An important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. By using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. And delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. Arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. The suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too.42. Being “stable” means sticking to the same supplier with reliable financial background.( )43. Supplying firms with rich experience, good equipment and staff expertise can only be found in specialist magazines. ( )44. A “clear” supplying firm must initially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exact technical detail. ( )45. Having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ( )46. According to the passage, there exist different opinions whether or not a purchasing company should use more or fewer suppliers for large orders. ( )Passage 2Donegal is located in the windswept wilderness. It might seem an odd place to find one of Europe’s most dynamic companies. But a small assembly unit making a muscular stimulation product for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. BMR Teoranta—the company title in Irish—has quietly established a market for itself, making products for muscular therapy and body toning using the brand name Slendertone which it bought in 1989.Mr. Kevin McDonnell, the chairman, chief executive and owner of 95 per cent of the company, is a little vagueabout the source of his success. Part of it, he says, must be the strong work ethic in the area. He points out that half his employees are from Galswegian families with their Scottish attitudes of thrift and industry. Mr. McDonnell bought the company for $300,000 and BMR sales are now growing at around 50-60 per cent a year.The medical products business, where growth is less dramatic, but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of the company’s future earnings. In the US alone, the market for muscular stimulation products has jumped from $88m to more than $200m this year.Many BMR products are not available over the counter but through catalogues. The company is looking at special advertising on video shopping channels. In the US companies like BMR are prohibited from selling medical products over the counter. In Europe this situation is slightly different. BMR, for example, is starting to sell its consumer range in Carrefour superstores in France and its range is available in pharmacies. However, under a European Union ruling similar to US laws, companies that sell such products will have to reequip their factories to meet new health standards. “I know it sounds a bit smart, but our products have always been seen as industry standard,” says Mr. Kevin McDonnell.The company spends ￡1,000,000 a year on research and development, quite a large sum for a company of its size.47. A big company would normally set its manufacturing site in a more prosperous area than Donegal. ( )48. The brand name of this product for muscular therapy is BMR Teoranta in Irish. ( )49. Mr. McDonnell attributed the success of his company to his management and industry.( )50. It can be inferred that US laws for selling health products are stricter than the corresponding laws in Europe. ( )51. If you want to buy a BMR product in France, you may go to the pharmacies. ( )六、翻译题（本大题12分）Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centuries, economic battles have led to some of history’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.。
外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
34. I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?
4. His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.
A.added up B.added up in C. added up to D.was added up ABCD 正确答案： C
5. Are you _________ your classmates well?
A.hopes B.suggests C.advises D.lets ABCD 正确答案： C
27. The two main popular__________ of Easter are the Easter bunny and the Easter egg.
A.signs B. symbols C. marks D.signals ABCD 正确答案： B
A.anyone ’s B.anyone ’ s else C.anyone else ’s D.anyone else ABCD 正确答案： C
33. The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.
14. I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do. A.advices B.piece of advices C.advice D.advise ABCD 正确答案： C
4月外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案
4月外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案全国2022年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences. （本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. Owing to the financial crisis, economic problems were exacerbated all over the world.A. deterioratedB. improvedC. enlargedD. transformed2. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years.A. run awayB. reductionC. enhancementD. downward3. Figures show that the bulk of our foreign obligationsconsist of non-bank trade-related credits.A. investmentsB. profitsC. revenuesD. debts4. Foreign investors want to enjoy the same tax status as the domestic ones.A. treatmentB. declineC. supportD. objection5. More than a decade of fast growth makes China to supplant Japan as West’s main trade worry in Asia.A. exceedB. replaceC. agreeD. defeat6. Many governments have promised to take measures to help the unemployed.A. actionB. sizeC. degreeD. care7. Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is prohibited by WTO.A. equalityB. fairnessC. different treatmentD. strict policy8. America’s embrace of the free-trade agreements balanced all the criticism from the developing countries.A. suggestionB. insistenceC. oppositionD. acceptance9. Because of the mutual benefits no one would take a breach of those law lightly.A. offenceB. obedienceC. strikeD. rest10. Economists reckon Japanese bilateral trade surplus with America is also growing rapidly.A. recognizeB. calculateC. predictD. suggest11. Korea’s ambitious plans include a wholesale revamping of the country’s basic ind ustries.A. reconstructingB. retractingC. releasingD. reverting12. Even the well established consultants are finding it hard to secure definitive lucrative projects.A. profitableB. reasonableC. safeD. risky13. Japanese managers act more like western managers, putting profits before their firm’s market share.A. opportunityB. prospectC. protectionD. part14. In the U.S. soft drink industry is dominated by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.A. competedB. balanced外刊经贸知识选读试题真题答案C. madeD. controlled15. Investment funds have moved out of commodities and into liquid assets.A. in the form of waterB. movingC. easily changed into cashD. clear二、Put the following phrases into English.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
7月全国外刊经贸知识选读自考试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共30分）Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of each of the following statements or best completes them.1. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand thatcould lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation. （）A. point of viewB. pressureC. prospectD. area2. The value of exports increased by 10 percent, but imports jumped 38 percent at the same time.（）A. decline sharplyB. decline slowlyC. increase sharplyD. increase slowly3. Soon, $2,000 million in financing will have to be arranged for the next phase of development.（）A. planB. departmentC. stageD. career4. The four SEZs have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investors.（）A. measuresB. stimulusC. taxesD. laws5. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, western-style restaurants and fast food shops.（）A. channelsB. suppliersC. customersD. outings6. China has the most dynamic economy in the world. （）A. vigorousB. interestingC. hugeD. flexible7. Agricultural productivity has grown rapidly across the board. （）A. across the worldB. comprehensivelyC. worldwideD. greatly8. The decline was partly caused by India’s reining in of its budget deficit. （）A. slackeningB. rainingC. easingD. controlling9. “1992 is a set of laws, and because of the mutual stakes no one would take a breach of those1laws lightly. ”（）A. branchesB. risksC. benefitD. cooperation10. In tea and sugar, it is already taking its toll in the form of reduced purchases by cash-strappedoil producing states. （）A. enjoying popularityB. getting unwelcomingC. suffering lossesD. succeeding11. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. （）A. every yearB. every personC. per monthD. per week12. Particular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.（）A. freedomB. exampleC. exceptionD. compensation13. Re-exports to Kuwait have seesawed from Dh 183 million in 1990 to Dh 1,161 million in1991 and Dh 757 million in 1992. （）A. changedB. fluctuatedC. been seenD. soared14. It’s too early to tell how the reincarnated Coke is selling, since many bottlers are still workingoff old inventories. （）A. producingB. continuingC. providingD. dealing with15. What foreign businessmen find encouraging is that ideology is no longer in the driver’s seatand replaced by entrepreneurship. （）A. permanentB. dominantC. usefulD. successful二、Translate the following phrases into Chinese.（每小题1分，共10分）16. visible trade accounts17. assembly manufacturing18. cooperative enterprises19. securities and real estate market20. nominal dollar terms21. government procurement22. fiscal packages23. risk-weighted assets24. carbon tax25. austerity program三、Translate the following phrases into English.（每小题2分，共20分）226. 贴现率27. 补偿贸易协定28. 新兴工业29. 贸易制裁30. 无壁垒市场31. 惩罚性进口关税32. 外汇储备33. 经常项目34. 技术转让35. 市场多样化四、Read the following passages and answer the questions in English. （共18分）Passage 1“Sweat”: In this sense, South Korea is treading a path not taken by Japan. While Japanese interests span the globe, few foreign firms have successfully penetrated Japan’s home turf. Korea, too, has a legacy of xenophobia; and the Koreans are clearly wary of opening their markets to high-powered western competitors. But they are tentatively doing just that, so far with a momentum unmatched by Japan. The aim is to defuse the protectionist pressures that have hobbled U. S. -Japanese trade relations and, in time, to enter the ranks of the world’s developed nations. That’s no small order, but the Koreans think it can be filled fairly simply. At bottom, says Nam Duc Woo, chairman of the Korea Traders Association, South Korea needs only “some degree of sweet and some degree of technological sophistication”And that’s precisely what has already lifted Korea, Inc. into contention.36. What is compared to an order in the given context?(2分)37. 1)What does the writer mean by the word “sweat”?(2分)2)What does “technological sophistication”refer to? (2分)38. Can you explain “…lifted Korea, Inc. into contention”?(3分)Passage 2Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all their export earnings to debt service, leaving themselves with virtually no surplus to pay for imports. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.But counter-trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on counter-trade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter-trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”39. What is “debt service”?(1分)40. 1)What does “global firms”refer to?(2分)32)What does the network of a so-called “global firms”usually consist of?(5分)41. What’s meant by “tap the networks of global firms”?(1分)五、Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false.Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given.（每小题1分，共10分）Passage 1Many countries are envious of Silicon Valley, the world center of the computer, software, and Internet industries. Silicon Valley started in the 1950s with a modest plan by Federick Terman, a far-sighted dean of Stanford’s Engineering School, to create an industrial park on unused Stanford land. A few companies accepted the offer, but the area was still sleepy and unimpressive when I first visited it in the early 60s.The region took off in the 1970s with the development of the personal computers by Apple Computer Inc. and others, and it has exploded since then with the creation of the Internet and the enormous demand for software. Silicon Valley now employs more than 1 million people, almost 40% of whom have at least a bachelor’s degree, and more than a third are foreign-born. They are attracted by the good jobs and by the early access to frontier developments in the high-tech field.Whatever got Silicon V alley going, its advantages in attracting quality labor venture capital multiplied as the region grew. A large pool of engineers, scientists, and software experts are available to both new and old companies. Talented individuals flock to the region not only because of generous stock options and decent pay, but also because they know they can find good jobs there if their employers fail. So while job changes are common, unemployment rates are extremely low.Innovations and other new developments spread rapidly in Silicon Valley, in part by employees who change jobs. As Alfred Marshall, a great British economist of the late 19th century, recognized, when companies in related industries locate near each other, “the mysteries of the trade become no mysteries; but are as it were in the air.”This makes it difficult to keep secrets, but companies do get access to innovations by neighbors.42. After ten years’development, Silicon Valley has grown up into an industrial cluster like today.（）43. With the creation of Internet, Silicon Valley faced a boom. （）44. Silicon Valley developed wholly by government support. （）45. Unemployment rates are low because workers prefer stay in a company. （）46. Competition makes companies in this area grow faster by innovation. （）Passage 2Market prices move up or down (or remain the same) in response to a host of factors causing shifts in supply (the whole supply curve) or demand (the whole demand curve) or both together.Bad weather makes prices go up ——not just the price of agricultural, but of a great many other ranging from steel to nightgowns ——because of interruption of production, breakdown in transportation, power failure, etc.4Changes in technology cause shifts in supply curves, a more efficient way of making transistors brings down the prices of calculators, computers, radios, television sets, record players, recorders. Increase in the scale of production , as we have seen, often bring down certain product prices.Shrinking oil and mineral reserves contract supply, and prices move up. “Diseconomies”resulting from shrinking scales of production, as when the market for handmade pocketbooks, horse-drawn carriages, grandfather clocks, custom tailoring, and handmade furniture contracts, push up the price of such products not only absolutely, but relatively far above what they were in the old days, when skilled labor was cheaper and more abundant.47. A wide variety of goods are affected by the bad weather. （）48. Improvement in technology will decrease product prices. （）49. Increase in the scale of production means “diseconomy”. （）50. Oil prices are greatly affected by its storage. （）51. Few are being made and so are more expensive to make—handmade furniture is an example.（）六、Translate the following passage into Chinese.（共12分）52. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles andconsumer electronics, Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,”says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we will be first in line for retaliation. ”5。
2021年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案含评分标准
绝密★启用前2021年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考(课程代码 00096)一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C 11.B12.A13.B14.C15.D二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂16.B17.A18.B19.B20.A 21.A22.B23.A24.A25.B三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.national income27.profit remittance28.fair29.futures trade30.quota31.supermarket32.market forces33.trade sanctions34.distributor35.executive四㊁将下列英语单词或词组译中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.最惠国待遇自考押题vx344647公众号顺通考试资料37.外汇储备38.贴现率39.强权行为,高压行为40.税额优惠,减税41.产地证明书42.基准尺度43.服务贸易44.独家经销合同45.推销商品外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第1页(共2页)五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂46. better”implies that they had already had things like radios,but expected to have betterones(like those with new function)47.In the given context the meaning of sales is quantities to be sold.48.If Gu Mu’s statement is understood in the word⁃for⁃word way.49.The other problems of the round.50.To adjudicate(to make an official decision about who is right in a disagreement between twogroups or organizations)51.To consider fully.六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52.中国贸易的商品细分显示,1982年燃料占出口总额的24%,食品占13%,纺织纤维和矿物矿石占7%,制成品(最重要的产品是纺织品㊁化学品和机械和运输设备)占55%㊂自中华人民共和国成立以来,为了加强工业部门,大力强调进口资本设备㊂但1982年进口的主要类别是食品,占总进口的22%,轻工业品占20%,机械和运输设备占17%㊂ 可以肯定的是,中国的贸易扩张并不顺利㊂今年(1995年),北京通过解决版权和专利保护纠纷,避免了美国的制裁㊂中国将不会加入世贸组织,除非它进一步开放市场以达到全球标准㊂外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第2页(共2页)。
外刊经贸知识选读习题集及答案
《外刊经贸知识选读》习题集I. INTERNA TIONAL TRADE一、翻译-中译英1. 一个国家贸易规模的相对大小经常通过该国的出口金额占其国内生产总值的比例来衡量。
2. 最重要的海运单据是提单。
它首先是发货人与船公司之间的一种合约；其次是收到货物的收据；第三是所有权单证。
3. 典型的信用证可能要求以下单证：发票、提单、海运保险单、装箱单、磅码单、检验证书及产地证。
4. 国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。
5. 海关同中央银行紧密地合作，以确保货物只能按照现行的管理条例进口或出口。
二、翻译-英译中1. The issuing bank examines the draft and documents upon receipt, to ensure that the documents conform to the letter of credit. If anything is wrong, the discrepancies are subject to acceptance by the buyer.2. Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. They confirm the ex works cost of a consignment.3. “Ex works” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named p lace not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle.4. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.5. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.6. “Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination.三、阅读-归纳Passage 1Chinese trade officials remain alarmed at the extent of the abuse of trade compensatory measures against China, although the number of anti-dumping investigations involving China has actually dropped. China remains the world’s largest vic tim of the abuse of anti-dumping measures with 27 investigations having been started into its exports in the latter half of last year, according to latest data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). The large number was partly because China’s exports grew extraordinarily quickly last year against the backdrop of gloomy world economic outlook, said Chinese trade officials. The abuse of anti-dumping measures against China has started to fall as the number was down from 29 investigations into Chinese exports in the latter of 2001, indicated WTO data. Chinese trade officials said China’s WTO membership helped deter foreign countries from discriminatory actions against China. The decrease was also a result of the hard work of the Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export under the Ministry of Commerce, they said. The bureau, set up immediately after China’s WTO entry in late 2001, has done a lot inhelping domestic companies respond to foreign anti-dumping charges and refraining from vicious price competitions in international market. Officials with the bureau had expected the number of anti-dumping cases involving China would rapidly increase this year, with regard to big growth in Chinese exports last year and reviving international trade protectionism.1. Make a brief summary on the present situation of anti-dumping measures against China.2. Make a brief summary on the reasons which cause the large number of anti-dumping measures against China.3. Make a brief summary on the reasons which lead to the decreased number of anti-dumping measures against China.4. Make a brief summary on the function of Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export in respond to risk of exportation.Passage 2In January, the United States imported more than $1.2 billion in textiles and apparel from China, up from about $701 million a year ago. Imports of major apparel products from China jumped 546 percent. Last January, for example, China shipped 941,000 cotton knit shirts, which were limited by quotas; this January, it shipped 18.2 million, a 1,836 percent increase. Imports of cotton knit trousers were up 1,332 percent from a year ago. These figures may be understated because China ships a large part of its goods through Hong Kong, and those shipments are not included. Fears that China is going to flood the world market with cheap textile exports have already inflamed tensions between Washington and Beijing because of worries about American manufacturing plants being closed and thousands of jobs being lost. Already, in January, the first month after global quotas were lifted, 12,200 jobs were lost in the United States apparel and textile industries, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some analysts have predicted that China could capture as much as 70 percent of the American market in the next two years. Before the end of quotas, about 16 percent of apparel sold in the United States came from China. Last year, the United States trade deficit with China set a record of $162 billion, making it the largest trade imbalance ever recorded by the United States with a single country. To be sure, some textile importers say this phenomenon may be a one-time surge. Companies, for instance, may have put off shipping goods at the end of last year to avoid the quotas.5. Make a brief summary on the development of textiles imports to the United States from China after the end of quota.6. Make a brief summary on the connection between the end of quota and unemployment in the United States.7. Make a brief summary on the impact of the end of quota on the economy and society of United States.Passage 3International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to alesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010 suggested that international trade was increased when a country hosted a network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country.8. Make a brief summary on the definition of international trade.9. Make a brief summary on the difference between international trade and domestic trade.10. Make a brief summary on the reason that the United States imports labor-intensive goodsfrom China.四、阅读-答问A standard, commercial letter of credit (LC) is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.The letter of credit can also be payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit pays an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases, the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies (UCP 600 being the latest version).The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros and Traveler's cheques. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a commercial invoice, bill of lading, and documents proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit.Letters of credit (LC) deal in documents, not goods. An LC can be irrevocable or revocable. An irrevocable LC cannot be changed unless both buyer and seller agree. With a revoca ble LC, changes can be made without the consent of the beneficiary.A sight LC means that payment is made immediately to the beneficiary/seller/exporter upon presentation of the correct documents in the required time frame. A time or date LC will specify when payment will be made at a future date and upon presentation of the required documents. Negotiation means the giving of value for draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate, viz the nominated bank. Mere examination of the documents and forwarding the same to the letter of credit issuing bank for reimbursement, without giving of value / agreed to give, does not constitute a negotiation.To receive payment, an exporter or shipper must present the documents required by the letter of credit. Typically, the payee presents a document proving the goods were sent instead of showing the actual goods. The Original Bill of Lading (OBL) is normally the document accepted by banks as proof that goods have been shipped. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin or place.One of the primary peculiarities of the documentary credit is that the payment obligation is abstract and independent from the underlying contract of sale or any other contract in the transaction. Thus the bank’s obligation is defined by the terms of the credit alone, and the sale contract is irre levant. The defensive of the buyer arising out of the sale contract do not concern the bank and in no way affect its liability. Article 4(a) UCP states this principle clearly. Article 5 the UCP further states that banks deal with documents only, they are not concerned with the goods (facts). Accordingly, if the documents tendered by the beneficiary, or his or her agent, appear to be in order, then in general the bank is obliged to pay without further qualifications.All the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit, negotiation of documents, reimbursements and other charges like courier are to the account of applicant or as per the terms and conditions of the Letter of credit. If the letter of credit is silent on charges, then they are to the account of the Applicant. The description of charges and who would be bearing them would be indicated in the field 71B in the Letter of Credit.1. What is the major function of letter of credit in international trade?2. What does UCP stand for?3. Which institution is the one that issued UCP 600?4. How should the exporter and the importer be called as parties of a letter of credit?5. What is the major function of issuing bank in a letter of credit business?6. What is the connection between the advising bank and the beneficiary?7. What is the major feature of an irrevocable LC?8. Under which circumstance can an irrevocable LC be amended?9. Which kind of LC does the exporter prefer to use, the revocable ones or irrevocable ones?10. As far as the time of payment is concerned, what are the two types of LC?11. Under which circumstances will the bank pay to the exporter?12. Which document is a title document?13. How to understand “the bank’s obligation is independent from sales contract”?14. Will the banks inspect the goods before making payment? Why?15. Usually, who is responsible for the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit?II. INTERNA TIONAL ECONOMIC RELA TIONS AND COOPERA TION一、翻译-中译英1. 工业化或发达国家是指那些除具有先进的农业和原料采掘技术外，还具有相当水平的制造业和服务业的国家。
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2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years as means of accelerating the introduction of foreign technology. ( )A. speeding upB. speeding onC. speeding offD. speeding down2. Another 20% worked well, but the remaining 60% should have been scrapped. ( )A. scratchedB. renovatedC. stimulatedD. introduced3. Now Zhangjiagang is China’s seventh largest port and a tumultuous construction zone of half-built office buildings and hotels. ( )A. tremendousB. numerousC. noisyD. orderly4. Against this deteriorating global background, the improvement in economic performance in a few developing regions in 1991 was especially noteworthy. ( )A. determinatingB. toleratingC. improvingD. worsening5. Balanced against that criticism is the positive reaction in Latin America to Mr. Clinton’s embrace of the free-trade agreement. ( )A. hugB. embarrassmentC. acceptanceD. balance6. As Europe’s economy has soured, free-market ideas that are new to much of Europe face new challenges. ( )A. increasedB. declinedC. sky-rocketedD. tasted7. At the summit meeting, America insisted that Japan should come up with specific measures that would enable it to meet new import targets. ( )A. bring forthB. come acrossC. put offD. reach out8. Fearful that rapidly modernizing Korean rivals will intrude on its foreign and domestic markets, Japan has fought to keep the Koreans from appropriating its technologies. ( )A. competitorsB. representativesC. negotiatorsD. dealers9. International consultants who want to secure definite projects at lucrative fees are finding it harder and harder. ( )A. luxuriousB. lubricativeC. penetrativeD. profitable10. A separate, long-running dispute over oilseeds does still pose a threat. ( )A. possessB. presentC. provideD. purchase11. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealingexport earnings from creditors. ( )A. loanersB. borrowersC. ownersD. believers12. However, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo still face a struggle in persuading bottlers across the nationto take the products. ( )A. dissuadingB. persistingC. encouragingD. discouraging13. Tractors and other agricultural machines greatly facilitate farming. ( )A. communicateB. subsidizeC. gradeD. ease14. You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well. ( )A. couponB. moneyC. coinD. dime15. Lead values moved up to their best level since April last year in the absence of a settlement atAustralia’s broken hill lead-zinc-silver mines. ( )A. withoutB. withC. asD. through二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. exclusive contract17. preferred status18. spot market19. Bank for International Settlements20. means of production21. punitive import tariff22. GDP23. trade reprisal24. fledgling industries25. countervailing duty三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 双边条约27. 试销市场28. 原材料29. 收盘价30. 最惠国待遇31. 技术转让32. 高工资经济33. 人均收入34. 经济特区35. 自由贸易区四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1The US dollar value of Chinese exports increased at an average rate of almost 18 per cent per annum between 1978 and 1983, while imports increased by approximately 11 per cent per annum. As a result, the visible trade surplus rose sharply from US $1.4 billion in 1981 to US $4.4 billion in 1982 and US$3.7 billion in 1983. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China’s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernising the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain on the national economy. Grain imports have fallen sharply over the past few years—China became a net grain exporter in 1984—and in 1983 the country started to export soyabeans and cotton.36. What do “per annum” and “approximately” mean?37. Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue str ain on China’s nationaleconomy?38. What is “a net grain exporter”? Does it mean one who has never done any import?Passage 2Korea, once known as the “Hermit Kingdom”, is plainly on the move. As with “Japan, Inc.” before it, the new label “Korea, Inc.” may be no more than a trendy buzzword. But South Korea aims to forge just such a national economic machine, using the might of its established giants backed by centralized planners who can mobilize the country’s banks and industrial infrastructure. The heady dreams of actually rivaling Japan may never come within reach; Korea’s economy, while large by Asian standards, is barely one-fifteenth the size of its island neighbor. And it faces a gantlet of other obstacles, ranging from an unwieldy bureaucracy and a volatile political climate to a chronic shortage of investment capital and heavy commitments to military spending. Still, the comparisons with Japan, Inc. are more than empty flattery; in fact, they signal Korea’s gathering clout.39. What is a “Hermit Kingdom”?40. What are the disadvantages of Korea’s economy when compared with Japan’s?41. What does “gathering clout” mean in the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1In order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. Many firms need to order components or equipment to their own specifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. Firms need reliable suppliers who must be: Stable. Firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. Thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.Able. The purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make t he goods required. This may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. Some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. Trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.Clear. What is required will usually be made clear in a specification. The specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. The supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.An important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. By using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. And delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. Arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive,and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. The suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too.42. Being “stable” means sticking to the same supplier with reliable financial background.( ) 43. Supplying firms with rich experience, good equipment and staff expertise can only be found inspecialist magazines. ( )44. A “clear” supplying firm must ini tially give the purchaser its specifications clearly and in exacttechnical detail. ( )45. Having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ( )46. According to the passage, there exist different opinions whether or not a purchasing companyshould use more or fewer suppliers for large orders. ( )Passage 2Donegal is located in the windswept wilderness. It might seem an odd place to find one of Europe’s most dynamic companies. But a sm all assembly unit making a muscular stimulation product for leisure and healthcare is blazing a trail. BMR Teoranta—the company title in Irish—has quietly established a market for itself, making products for muscular therapy and body toning using the brand name Slendertone which it bought in 1989.Mr. Kevin McDonnell, the chairman, chief executive and owner of 95 per cent of the company, is a little vague about the source of his success. Part of it, he says, must be the strong work ethic in the area. He points out that half his employees are from Galswegian families with their Scottish attitudes of thrift and industry. Mr. McDonnell bought the company for $300,000 and BMR sales are now growing at around 50-60 per cent a year.The medical products business, where growth is less dramatic, but margins are attractive, is seen as the source of the company’s future earnings. In the US alone, the market for muscular stimulation products has jumped from $88m to more than $200m this year.Many BMR products are not available over the counter but through catalogues. The company is looking at special advertising on video shopping channels. In the US companies like BMR are prohibited from selling medical products over the counter. In Europe this situation is slightly different. BMR, for example, is starting to sell its consumer range in Carrefour superstores in France and its range is available in pharmacies. However, under a European Union ruling similar to US laws, companies that sell such products will have to reequip their factories to meet new health standards. “I know it sounds a bit smart, but our products have always been seen as industrystandard,” says Mr. Kevin McDonnell.The company spends ￡1,000,000 a year on research and development, quite a large sum fora company of its size.47. A big company would normally set its manufacturing site in a more prosperous area thanDonegal. ( )48. The brand name of this product for muscular therapy is BMR Teoranta in Irish. ( )49. Mr. McDonnell attributed the success of his company to his management andindustry.( )50. It can be inferred that US laws for selling health products are stricter than the correspondinglaws in Europe. ( )51. If you want to buy a BMR product in France, you may go to the pharmacies. ( )六、翻译题（本大题12分）Yet in its current dour mood, Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world’s largest and wealthiest barrier-free market—and on a continent where, for centu ries, economic battles have led to some of history’s bloodiest wars. Moreover, a failure to reinforce the single market by pushing forward with European integration could lead to an unraveling of what the internal market program has achieved, some observers say.。