高中定语从句课件-绝对经典系列
合集下载
高中英语定语从句课件(共55张PPT)
Jenny, with whom I played table tennis yesterday, lives in my next room.
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句
先行 叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫
词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导
关系词 定语从句的词被称为
。
定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。
定
指人 who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who is smiling is Tom.
(主语)
The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who has a round face is Tom.
e.g. The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮 助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语，不可 省略）
e.g. She know the nurse (who/whom/ that) we met yesterday.他认识我们昨天见到的那 位护士。（作宾语，可省略）
下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。
1.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用 that. e.g. What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
高中定语从句课件PPT(条理清晰)
需要了解的概念
先行词： 定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词 通常是由名词或代词充当 They are the boys who you like to play with. Friends are those who make you smile, always share your happiness and sorrows. 关系词： 用来引导定语从句，为避免先行词的重复出现用来代替先 行词的词。分关系代词和关系副词。 常见关系词：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, as
二：在非限定性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意 义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任 何解释。 The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow . 太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。 The most important form of energy is electrical energy, which is widely used in our daily life. 最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们 的日常生活之中。
• 2）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意 义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如： • Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常 一无所成。 • In our class, we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan. 我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
高中定语从句课件PPT(条理清晰)
关系词： 用来引导定语从句，为避免先行词的重复出现用来代替先 行词的词。分关系代词和关系副词。
常见关系词：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, as
先行词与关系词的联系
• 1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关 系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说， 关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从 句中来起作用。例如：
二：先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before. 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success . 那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
Do you know the man whom you just spoke to? 错误：I have no idea about the man whom wrote the article.
• 关系代词whose ：用于代替"表示人或物意义"的 先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名 词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。 Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：
• 2）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意 义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如：
• Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
常见关系词：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, as
先行词与关系词的联系
• 1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关 系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说， 关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从 句中来起作用。例如：
二：先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：
This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before. 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success . 那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
Do you know the man whom you just spoke to? 错误：I have no idea about the man whom wrote the article.
• 关系代词whose ：用于代替"表示人或物意义"的 先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名 词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。 Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：
• 2）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意 义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如：
• Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
高中定语从句课件PPT(条理清晰)
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
• 2 ）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意义 ，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如：
• Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人 , 在其他领域常 常一无所成。
于一个后置定语，如： They are the boys who you like to play with.
二：非限制性定语从句 定语从句前有逗号分隔，主要起补充说明
作用，如： Mr. Brown has a son, who joined the army 3 years ago.
需要了解的概念
工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交 付给联邦政府。 Who is the girl to that you talked just now? （错误）
关系代词的省略
• 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 ; 如果关 系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如： This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading. 我不喜欢你看的这本小说。 Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
• 2 ）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意义 ，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如：
• Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人 , 在其他领域常 常一无所成。
于一个后置定语，如： They are the boys who you like to play with.
二：非限制性定语从句 定语从句前有逗号分隔，主要起补充说明
作用，如： Mr. Brown has a son, who joined the army 3 years ago.
需要了解的概念
工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交 付给联邦政府。 Who is the girl to that you talked just now? （错误）
关系代词的省略
• 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 ; 如果关 系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如： This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading. 我不喜欢你看的这本小说。 Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？
高中定语从句课件PPT(条理清晰)
定语从句的分类
一：限制性定语从句 先行词与关系代词之间无逗号分隔，相当
于一个后置定语，如： They are the boys who you like to play with.
二：非限制性定语从句 定语从句前有逗号分隔，主要起补充说明
作用，如： Mr. Brown has a son, who joined the army 3 years ago.
关系代词的单复数问题
• 定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的 单复数。例如： Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon. 请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行 体检。 This is the magazine which was sent to me by post. 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志 。
沸点在摄氏 100 度的水无色、无味。
关系代词 which: 用于代替 " 表示事物意义 " 的先行词 ，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：
Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept. ( 做主语 )
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受 。
• 有许多声音有意义但不是词。 • Tell him to go to the classroom where we
often have our English class. • 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： • tell him to go to the classroom. We often
高中英语复习定语从句精品课件(共41张PPT)
1. 除了代替先行词外， 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。
（把主句和从句连起来）
说明如下
The building
is our school.+The building stands by the
river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my
mother.
(主句) The woman is my mother
{主语是单数}
(从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.
The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are
famous scientists.
(主句)The women are famous scientists.{主语是复数}
关系词判(从断句步)T骤he:women are speaking at the meeting.
首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先 is the bike which my father bought for me.
先行词＝关系词
bike
关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。
2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?
（把主句和从句连起来）
说明如下
The building
is our school.+The building stands by the
river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my
mother.
(主句) The woman is my mother
{主语是单数}
(从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.
The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are
famous scientists.
(主句)The women are famous scientists.{主语是复数}
关系词判(从断句步)T骤he:women are speaking at the meeting.
首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that
先行词和关系词
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先 is the bike which my father bought for me.
先行词＝关系词
bike
关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。
2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?
高中英语定语从句 (共43张PPT)
1 定语从句（二）
一、只使用that的情况：
7. 先行词为数词时。 Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday. 瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
a brave boya boy with Nhomakorabealasses
a boy who is brave and wearing glasses
3 定语从句
2. 什么成分可以作定语？
1.My brother likes playing basketball. 我兄弟喜欢打篮球。（代词作前置定语）
2.There are few women workers in the factory. 这个工厂女工很少。（形容词、名词作前置定语）
1
定语从句（二）
1 定语从句（二）
一、只使用that的情况：
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。 We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals. 我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。 There is much that I want to tell you. 我有很多想要告诉你的话。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗？
5.先行词指人或物且在定语从句中作定语，用whose或of whom/of which引导。 This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. = This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known. = This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known. This is the house whose window broke last night. = This is the house, of which the window broke last night. = This is the house, the window of which broke last night.
高中定语从句课件PPT(条理清晰)
工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交 付给联邦政府。 Who is the girl to that you talked just now? （错误）
关系代词的省略
• 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 ; 如果关 系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如： This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading. 我不喜欢你看的这本小说。 Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？
• 2 ）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意义 ，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如：
• Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人 , 在其他领域常 常一无所成。
二：先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或 the last, the only 等作定语时，例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before. 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success . 那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。 • 如： • I have no idea about the man who wrote the
关系代词的省略
• 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 ; 如果关 系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如： This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading. 我不喜欢你看的这本小说。 Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？
• 2 ）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关 系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意义 ，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如：
• Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人 , 在其他领域常 常一无所成。
二：先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或 the last, the only 等作定语时，例如： This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before. 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。
That is the only way that leads to your success . 那是通向你成功的唯一之路。
的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。 • 如： • I have no idea about the man who wrote the
高中英语语法定语从句(23张PPT)-经典通用课件资料
It blows away.
Love is like a gust of wind which/that blows away.
2021/10/10
3
有一个美丽的小女孩，她的名字叫做小薇
There is a beautiful girl. The girl’s name is Xiao Wei.
There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao Wei.
7
☆ Love is like a gust of wind which/that blows away. ☆ There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao wei. ☆ Liyuan Peng is a very famous singer who is also Chairmn xi’s wife. ☆ Janeiro is a marvelous city where Olympics Games will be held. ☆ The airplane 370 lost contact on March 8th when is the Women’s day.
☆ Love is like a gust of wind which/that blows away. ☆ There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao wei. ☆ Liyuan Peng is a very famous singer who is also Chairmn xi’s wife. ☆ Janeiro is a marvelous city where Olympics Games will be held. ☆ The airplane 370 lost contact on March 8th when is the Women’s day.
Love is like a gust of wind which/that blows away.
2021/10/10
3
有一个美丽的小女孩，她的名字叫做小薇
There is a beautiful girl. The girl’s name is Xiao Wei.
There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao Wei.
7
☆ Love is like a gust of wind which/that blows away. ☆ There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao wei. ☆ Liyuan Peng is a very famous singer who is also Chairmn xi’s wife. ☆ Janeiro is a marvelous city where Olympics Games will be held. ☆ The airplane 370 lost contact on March 8th when is the Women’s day.
☆ Love is like a gust of wind which/that blows away. ☆ There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiao wei. ☆ Liyuan Peng is a very famous singer who is also Chairmn xi’s wife. ☆ Janeiro is a marvelous city where Olympics Games will be held. ☆ The airplane 370 lost contact on March 8th when is the Women’s day.
高中定语从句ppt课件
先行词是all, much, something, one
总结词
当先行词是 "all","much","something","one"等表示 泛指或总称的词汇时，从句的引导词通 常使用that。
Hale Waihona Puke VS详细描述例如，在句子"All that glitters is not gold."中，先行词"all"表示泛指，因此从 句的引导词使用了"that"。
先行词被形容词最高级，only, last, just修饰时，引导词用that。
先行词在从句中作补语时，引导 词用that。
先行词为all, much, something, nothing, this, that时，引导词用 that。
先行词既有人又有物时，引导词 用that。
先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰 时，引导词用that。
影响句子的完整性。
用法
通常用逗号与主句隔开，用关系代 词（which、whom、whose等） 或关系副词（when、where、 why等）引导。
例句
My sister, who is a doctor, often works late at night.（我的姐姐是 一名医生，经常工作到深夜。）
which的用法
01
02
03
04
在非限定定语从句中，先行词 指人时，引导词用who或 which。指物时，引导词用 which。
在限定定语从句中，先行词指 人时，引导词用that或who。
指物时，引导词用which。
在从句中缺主语、宾语、表语 或定语时，引导词用which。
高中定语从句课件PPT(条理清晰)
2020/12/30
• 关系代词whom：只做宾语。 如： Do you know the man whom you just spoke to? 错误：I have no idea about the man whom wrote the article.
2020/12/30
•关系代词whose ：用于代替"表示人或物意义" 的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰 的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成 分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例 如：
I've got a novel which you may like to read. 我有一本你或许想看的小说。(做动词read的 宾语)
• 有许多声音有意义但不是词。 • Tell him to go to the classroom where we often
have our English class. • 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： • tell him to go to the classroom. We often have our
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .
他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很 容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字 吗？
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
• 关系代词whom：只做宾语。 如： Do you know the man whom you just spoke to? 错误：I have no idea about the man whom wrote the article.
2020/12/30
•关系代词whose ：用于代替"表示人或物意义" 的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰 的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成 分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例 如：
I've got a novel which you may like to read. 我有一本你或许想看的小说。(做动词read的 宾语)
• 有许多声音有意义但不是词。 • Tell him to go to the classroom where we often
have our English class. • 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： • tell him to go to the classroom. We often have our
They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .
他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很 容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。
Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?
你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字 吗？
Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯， 请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
1) The book ___o_f_w_h_i_c_h_ I heard was written 20 years ago.
2) The people ___to__w_h_o_m__ the man spoke weren’t listening.
名词/代词 + 定语从句
1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who, whom(作宾语成分）, whose, that, which
关系副词：when（时间）, where（地点）,why （原因）
关系代词
关系副词
起连词作用，本
即起连接作用，
身又作从句中的主语、 本身又在从句中作时
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
四.限制和非限制性定语从句: restrictive attributive clause(无逗号) non- restrictive attributive clause(有逗号)
. Xi hua who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.
Xi hua ,who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.
五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但 有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开 来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句.
Why/ for which
3) The reason ______ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
4) I remember the day _W_h_e_n_/o_n wmhyichfather died. I was only ten years old at that time.
六、由as引导的定语从句
as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。
1. such … as…“像……一样的”，“像……之 类”
the same…as…“和……同样的
在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中 such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代 词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词， as在从句中担任主、宾、表。
This is the cara_b_o_u_twhich we talked .
This is the car _o_f__which the window was broken
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯 搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which I’m not familiar.
❖ 所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现, 也不用其他词代替
Bill is a boy who I teach him.
引导词
关
who
系
whom
代
which
词
that
whose
(=of whom/which)
关
where
系
(=介词+which)
副
when
词
(=介词+ which)
why (= for which)
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
This is year.
the
car /____which
I
bought
last
This is the car _f_o_r_which I paid 100$.
This is the car _o_n__which I spent 100$. This is the car _i_n__which I go to work every day.
例如：This is the same thing as we are in need of.
2. …such as… such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰 先行词such。 例如：This book is not such as I hope.
3. the same…as… “和…同样的 “ the same… that… “同一个” 来引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省 去谓语时必须用as.
1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party.
2.She won’t forget the days (that )she spent on the island. She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
1、引导作用 2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Eg: 1.Those who want to go please should be ready.
2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions.
❖ 关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先 行词在 定语从句中充当的成分
6) The gun _b_y_w__h_ic_h___ he was shot was never found.
三.Whose引起从句可转换为“ of +关系代词” 型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
一.that和which
This is the carw__it_h_o_u_t which I can’t go to work. This is the car _b_y__which the old man was knocked down This is the car _a_t__which a boy threw a stone.
基本结构
He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall. 还原
主句: He was holding onto a tree. 从句：A tree grew against the wall.
定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该 名词或代词。
the Party. 2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten
years ago. 3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
I know the reason why(for which) she was so
angry.
关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使 用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使 用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两 点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语 从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。
3) The film ___in_w__h_ic_h__ I fell asleep was very boring.
4) The pen __w_it_h_w_h_i_c_h_ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.
5) The little creature _in__w_h_ic_h____ scientists are interested is known as ET.
用关系副词和关系代词
（1）This is the factory __B______ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory ___A____ I worked last year. （3）This is the factory ___B____ produces all kinds of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose
宾语、表语或定语 间、地点或原因状语
who,whom(…的人） when(…的时候，修
whose(某人的…） 饰的时间名词)
which(…东西t(…的人或物，指 饰场所、方位等名词)
物或人）
why(…原因；…理
as(象…那样的，和… 由)
相同，正如)
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
知识准备
什么是定语： 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
.
4.定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代 词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不 定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。
a kind girl, a book on the desk I have homework to finish. the fallen leaves the boy who is very smart
5) Please give me the reason _w_h_y___ you were late this time.
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
1) The book ___o_f_w_h_i_c_h_ I heard was written 20 years ago.
2) The people ___to__w_h_o_m__ the man spoke weren’t listening.
名词/代词 + 定语从句
1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who, whom(作宾语成分）, whose, that, which
关系副词：when（时间）, where（地点）,why （原因）
关系代词
关系副词
起连词作用，本
即起连接作用，
身又作从句中的主语、 本身又在从句中作时
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
四.限制和非限制性定语从句: restrictive attributive clause(无逗号) non- restrictive attributive clause(有逗号)
. Xi hua who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.
Xi hua ,who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.
五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但 有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开 来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句.
Why/ for which
3) The reason ______ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
4) I remember the day _W_h_e_n_/o_n wmhyichfather died. I was only ten years old at that time.
六、由as引导的定语从句
as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。
1. such … as…“像……一样的”，“像……之 类”
the same…as…“和……同样的
在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中 such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代 词，这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词， as在从句中担任主、宾、表。
This is the cara_b_o_u_twhich we talked .
This is the car _o_f__which the window was broken
2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯 搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which I’m not familiar.
❖ 所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现, 也不用其他词代替
Bill is a boy who I teach him.
引导词
关
who
系
whom
代
which
词
that
whose
(=of whom/which)
关
where
系
(=介词+which)
副
when
词
(=介词+ which)
why (= for which)
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
This is year.
the
car /____which
I
bought
last
This is the car _f_o_r_which I paid 100$.
This is the car _o_n__which I spent 100$. This is the car _i_n__which I go to work every day.
例如：This is the same thing as we are in need of.
2. …such as… such为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰 先行词such。 例如：This book is not such as I hope.
3. the same…as… “和…同样的 “ the same… that… “同一个” 来引导定语从句。意思几乎相同。但从句中省 去谓语时必须用as.
1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party.
2.She won’t forget the days (that )she spent on the island. She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.
1、引导作用 2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Eg: 1.Those who want to go please should be ready.
2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions.
❖ 关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先 行词在 定语从句中充当的成分
6) The gun _b_y_w__h_ic_h___ he was shot was never found.
三.Whose引起从句可转换为“ of +关系代词” 型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
一.that和which
This is the carw__it_h_o_u_t which I can’t go to work. This is the car _b_y__which the old man was knocked down This is the car _a_t__which a boy threw a stone.
基本结构
He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall. 还原
主句: He was holding onto a tree. 从句：A tree grew against the wall.
定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该 名词或代词。
the Party. 2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten
years ago. 3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
I know the reason why(for which) she was so
angry.
关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使 用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使 用when， 有时使用that/which。这主要看两 点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语 从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。
3) The film ___in_w__h_ic_h__ I fell asleep was very boring.
4) The pen __w_it_h_w_h_i_c_h_ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.
5) The little creature _in__w_h_ic_h____ scientists are interested is known as ET.
用关系副词和关系代词
（1）This is the factory __B______ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory ___A____ I worked last year. （3）This is the factory ___B____ produces all kinds of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose
宾语、表语或定语 间、地点或原因状语
who,whom(…的人） when(…的时候，修
whose(某人的…） 饰的时间名词)
which(…东西t(…的人或物，指 饰场所、方位等名词)
物或人）
why(…原因；…理
as(象…那样的，和… 由)
相同，正如)
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
定语从句
The Attributive Clause
知识准备
什么是定语： 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
.
4.定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代 词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不 定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。
a kind girl, a book on the desk I have homework to finish. the fallen leaves the boy who is very smart
5) Please give me the reason _w_h_y___ you were late this time.