托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解

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托福阅读陷阱

托福阅读陷阱

托福阅读陷阱:辨别信息真伪托福iBT阅读考查的一个重点是理解基本信息及合理推断的能力,要能够辨别信息的真伪以及是否在原文中出现过,这就为我们分析选项提供了思路,大家熟知的选项设置包括有悖原意(讲错了)和无中生有(没讲的)。

事实上,多数小盆友往往忽略了另外一种选项设置,即和题干不相关的选项。

这是托福阅读比较特别的地方,不仅追求选项的正确性,也追求选项和题干的关联。

换句话说,一个选项,如果在原文定位区间内讲了,也讲对了,但答非所问,对不起,这个选项是错误的。

我们来举个例子:例如:The hind leg of Basilosaurus was a significant find because it showed that Basilosaurus○ Lived later than Ambulocetus natans○ Lived at the same time as Pakicetus○ Was able to swim well○ Could not have walked on landAnother major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs. An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans (“the walking whale that swam”) lived in the Tethys Sea 49 mi llion years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus….这是一道事实信息题,根据题干中的关键词hind leg和Basilosaurus,本着“快、准、狠”的原则,找到定位句Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. (这样的后肢太小了以至于不能支撑Basilosaurus在陆地上活动),和选项做一个对照,发现D是对定位句的同义改写,这样就可以直接选出正确答案D。

雅思托福考研四六级英语阅读理解快速排除错误选项法 via安格英语

雅思托福考研四六级英语阅读理解快速排除错误选项法 via安格英语

英语口语如何提高,语言环境很重要英语口语训练营免费体验:/web/recent_curriculum雅思托福考研四六级英语阅读理解快速排除错误选项法安格英语导读:英语考试中,无论是托福雅思、考研职称还是英语四六级甚至是日常的英语考试,阅读理解都是占分大项,所以也往往最费时间。

虽然许多学生掌握了顺序法、定位法等答题技巧,但是对于单独题目答案的排除法却没有什么研究。

今天安格英语老师就来教大家如何快速排除错误选项,找出阅读理解中的陷阱。

在英语阅读理解中我们都知道遇到难题先跳过,但是可能跳着跳着这一大题就都被跳过了,所以还是要回过来扎扎实实地从问题下手,在阅读理解中考官为考生设下的陷阱往往有三个:1.偷换概念;2.比较错误;3.范围不当。

下面我们就用三个例子来看看考官们的“阴险”之处吧!1.偷换概念例:In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.分析:是不是看到[D]选项的Cooperation就忍不住想选啦?这里是一个非常典型的偷换概念的题目。

托福阅读失分:变化措辞题解析

托福阅读失分:变化措辞题解析

托福阅读失分:变化措辞题解析1.基本介绍:iBT变化措辞题是使用自己的语言改写文章中的句子或段落,以不同方式重新陈述另一句话,保留其内容,不改变其意。

改写或换词在托福考试种非常重要,不能改变句子原意,也不能包括句中所有信息。

2.出题位置:托福阅读考试有三篇文章,每篇可涉及0至1道此类问题,一次考试总共有2至3题。

3.解题技巧:方案一:“改写”有效的改写要求使用同义词,变换词形和用不同的语法结构。

方案二:“集中”做这类题时,注意力要集中在重要信息,即作者表达意图所需要的基本观点上。

方案三:“使用”正确答案的语序,结构可能不同;使用同义词或其他方式表达原句中的意思;可能以指代物替代代词。

4.案例:Smart marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert markerter.Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A: a marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.B: It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. It is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.C: Marketers should focus on the factors that account for differences rather than the differences themselves.D: Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.5.分析:选项C正确. 这里关键词是factors. 其中be concerned with 以同义词 focus on 有效地代替.选项A犯了逻辑上错误, 聪明的营销人员应该少在意欧美消费者是否相似并不代表不聪明的营销人员应该在意欧美消费者是否相似.选项B用强调句式进行改写, 但主要关键词factors 没有抓住.选项D扰作用在于它用了variety这个词和food 连在一起, 省略factor 而改变了原义.在做iBT阅读变换措辞题的时候要多多注意一些干扰选项, 他们往往改变原意,省略重要信息,增加原文没有的信息,与原文信息不符等等。

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路托福阅读的题型种类很多,而不同题型需要的解题思路技巧也各有差异。

其中推理题作为难度较高简洁出错的题型,我整理了一些应对推理题的小攻略,下面我就和大家共享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路托福阅读备考的一个重点就是学习阅读10大题型各自的应对解题技巧。

许多同学之所以阅读解题效率低下正确率不高,问题就出在没有根据题型的特点来优化解题思路。

下面我就来为大家实例讲解托福阅读推理题的应对技巧和解题思路。

托福阅读推理题题型介绍托福阅读推理题可分为两类:有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。

根据关键词回原文定位,然后进行推理。

一般来说,大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。

对于无共性的推理题,也就是题干中无线索,一般使用排除法,即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位,通过排除法得出正确答案。

返回原文找信息点,接受排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

托福阅读推理题解题信息点讲解托福阅读解题需要留意这些信息点: 1. 日期和数字 2. 各类关键词表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词:may, can , could…;表示过去的:used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的:not only ,not exclusively等。

托福阅读推理题3种具体解题思路分析1、一般对比推理:根据两个事情的对比特征,问其中一个事物的特征,只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否认掉就可以。

2、时间对比推理:在这种推理中,一般有两个形成对比的时间段,它们所具有的特征一般相反。

当题干问一个时间段的特征时,只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否认掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理:一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比,两者之间存在着互补性关系,也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的削减。

托福阅读答题小贴士:当心否定事实信息题中的“陷阱”

托福阅读答题小贴士:当心否定事实信息题中的“陷阱”

托福阅读答题小贴士:当心否定事实信息题中的“陷阱”Negative Factual Information Questions,一般译作否定事实信息题,有时也被称为反向事实信息题、排除列举题或选非题,在阅读十大题型中出错率一直较高。

出错的原因,往往被简单归结于“粗心大意”。

诚然,在其他题型的解答过程中,同学们往往都是在努力寻找与原文说法最为接近的选项,而遇到否定事实信息题,由于思维惯性,在看到与原文说法基本一致但本该被排除的选项的时候,往往会忘记题目中那个大大的EXCEPT或NOT,导致错选。

但是,只是说不要“粗心大意”并没有什么用,就像在穿越雷区的时候只是说“要当心哦”并没有太多实际的帮助。

只有当我们了解到哪里可能埋雷,哪里可能会有陷阱,才更有可能避开危险,安全抵达目的地。

而在否定事实信息题的解答过程中,对题型认知不够准确是一些题目错误率居高不下的主要原因。

而且这锅还真得由ETS(即托福考试出题人)来背。

在其出版的《托福考试官方指南》中,关于否定事实信息题的介绍如下:Negative Factual Information QuestionsThese questions ask you to verify what information is true and what information is NOT true or not included in the passage based on information that is explicitly stated in the passage. To answer this kind of question, first locate the relevant information in the passage. Then verify that three of the four answer choices are true and that the remaining choice is false. Remember, for this type of question, the correct answer is the one that is NOT true.简单翻译就是,这类题型要求你根据文章中所明确给出的信息判断哪些选项的说法是正确的,哪些是不正确或文章中未提及的。

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”托福阅读考试中陷阱重重,我们必须做好全面的准备才能顺利过关。

了解了ETS在设计题目时所使用的小陷阱,我们才可以很好地做到事半功倍。

下面跟小编一起看看怎样解决托福阅读的陷阱吧。

揭露托福阅读的隐藏陷阱培养做题的“感觉”新托福阅读考试中绝大部分题目都是对应具体段落的,这会为考生节省很多时间。

但是也不排除有少量题目的范围比较大或比较模糊,考生在寻找答案时难免一头雾水,费时费力。

其实这些看似没有明确定位方向的题目都是暗藏玄机的。

Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4,what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.这个题目的题干涉及到三个段落,而事实上考生根本不需要去看第一段的内容,因为答案依据的是第三、四段的信息,但是这两个段落如果都看的话内容也不少,从应试的角度来说太费时间。

【实例解析】如何找到托福阅读陷阱?两大重点切勿忽视

【实例解析】如何找到托福阅读陷阱?两大重点切勿忽视

【实例解析】如何找到托福阅读陷阱?两大重点切勿忽视在托福阅读备考过程中,很多学生经常会会遇到这样的情况,无论是词汇的多少,阅读成绩总还是忽上忽下很难保持稳定。

那么,在托福阅读的过程中,我们究竟存在着一些怎样的问题呢?应该如何去避免这样的一些误区呢?陷阱一:细节题考查精确定位托福阅读中的细节题其实不难,但前提是定位的点要对,比如下面这个例题:Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of WashingtonState in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, alowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now themost common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earliertimes was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low,marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-taileddeer of Puget Sound?A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than toother types of deer.C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it onceoccupied.这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择PugetSound作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。

托福听力中常见的陷阱有哪些

托福听力中常见的陷阱有哪些

托福听力中常见的陷阱有哪些在托福考试中,听力部分对于很多考生来说是一个具有挑战性的环节。

在听力过程中,出题者常常设置各种陷阱,稍不留意就可能导致答题错误。

接下来,让我们一起探讨托福听力中常见的一些陷阱。

首先,“偷换概念”是常见的陷阱之一。

在听力材料中,可能会先提到某个概念或观点,然后在后续的表述中悄悄进行替换或修改。

比如,一开始提到“某种动物的生存主要依赖于 A 因素”,但在后面的描述中却强调“实际上,该动物的生存更取决于 B 因素”。

如果考生没有敏锐地捕捉到这种概念的转变,就容易在相关题目上出错。

其次,“以偏概全”的陷阱也不少见。

听力内容可能会列举一些个别的例子来支持某个观点,但这些例子并不能完全代表整体情况。

例如,讲述一个地区的某些工厂通过采用新技术提高了生产效率,然后得出整个地区的工业都发展良好的结论。

然而,其他未提及的工厂可能并没有这样的改进,不能仅仅根据所给的几个例子就得出普遍的结论。

“混淆时间”也是容易让考生陷入误区的陷阱。

听力材料中可能会提到不同时间点的事件或情况,但表述较为模糊或者语速较快,导致考生难以准确区分。

比如,先提到“去年这个项目的进展很顺利”,接着又说“今年由于某些原因遇到了困难”,如果考生没有清晰地记住时间节点,就可能在回答关于项目状态的问题时出错。

“答非所问”的陷阱也需要警惕。

有时候题目问的是一个方面的问题,但听力材料中给出的却是另一个看似相关但实际上不对应的回答。

比如,问题是“这个活动的目的是什么”,而听力内容却是在详细描述活动的过程和参与人员的感受,并没有直接回答目的。

还有“极端词汇”的陷阱。

听力中可能会出现一些绝对化的词汇,如“all”“never”“always”等,但实际情况往往并非如此绝对。

例如,“所有人都认为这个方案不可行”,然而实际上可能只是大部分人有这样的看法,并非所有人。

“无中生有”也是常见的一种陷阱。

选项中可能会出现一些在听力材料中完全没有提及的内容,考生如果没有仔细辨别,可能会被这些看似合理但实则不存在的信息所误导。

【阅读提分】详解托福阅读中常见的陷阱

【阅读提分】详解托福阅读中常见的陷阱

【阅读提分】详解托福阅读中常见的陷阱
作为考生在托福中的强项,托福阅读也往往会有被人忽视了一面。

很多功底好的考生,在自己的备考计划中对于托福阅读也就安排了比较少的备考时间,而对于托福阅读中所存在的“陷阱”也就有了忽视。

下面就为大家整理一些,希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

在托福阅读的备考中词汇题是大家一种比较熟悉的题型,也就是我们常说的“熟词僻义”,这样类似的题目在每篇文章中出现频率较高,一般是3-5题左右,主要是要求考生在选项选出一个单词或短语词义相符的答案。

看似简单,但是其中却藏有陷阱。

主要是因为在选择答案是考生大多会是这个单词或短语本身词义的影响挑选答案,没有回归原文正确理解,导致了答案的错误选择。

另外,想要提到的一点就是,考生在答题中的细节问题。

有时题干中的陷阱主要出现在否定排除题,也就是题干中往往会出现一些类似“NOT”,“EXCEPT”,比如:According
to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of …?
如果,在考试时候没有看清题目,那么本来已经唾手可得的分数,却又是拱手相让了。

所以,建议考生在考试过程中对于这些题目一定要自己看清,特别是对于题中的大写字母要特别注意,考试中要保持住镇定心态。

大连托福培训之深度揭露托福阅读陷阱面面观

大连托福培训之深度揭露托福阅读陷阱面面观

大连托福培训之深度揭露托福阅读陷阱面面观在托福考试备考过程中,不少考生把托福阅读视为可以拿高分的项目,但是,任何事物必有两极分化,托福考试中阅读题的陷阱也无处不在,不少考生也心存疑惑,如何规避这些陷阱可以顺利拿下高分呢?为此,小编特为托福考生总结了攻克托福阅读陷阱的阅读技巧,带您深度揭露托福阅读陷阱面面观。

深度揭露托福阅读陷阱面面观(1)陷阱一:熟词僻义词汇类问题(Vocabulary Questions)是新托福阅读考试每次必考题型,而且题量较多,每篇文章通常出现3-5题,它要求考生确定文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思(一个单词可能有多个意思,但在给定选项中只有一个选项与该单词在阅读文章中的意思相符)。

这种题型总的来说还是比较简单的,但这种题型中的“陷阱”即“熟词僻义”让考生们头痛不已。

所谓“熟词僻义”也就是词汇题中所考查的单词尽管考生比较熟悉,对其常用含义也了解,但恰恰题目中考查的是该单词在阅读文章中的意思,而该意思是考生所不熟的。

而往往考生们受该单词常用含义的影响,导致选错答案。

比如“calling”一词的常用含义为“呼喊、召唤”,而新托福阅读中则可能考到该词的“职业、天职”的含义。

欲应对此“陷阱”,建议考生们在备考中扩大自己词汇量的同时,掌握猜测单词意思的技巧(利用上下文、构词法等),同时注意这种题型主要考查单词在文章里面的意思,建议考生们在选出答案后把答案放回原文进行检验。

陷阱二:选项中陷阱重重这也是给托福提高成绩造成最大麻烦的地方。

直接事实题中,有的选项重复文章中的信息,但并没有回答问题。

这样的选项最容易迷惑考生。

对此,建议考生们在做直接事实题时直接排除那些本身就矛盾的选项,同时千万不要因为某个选项内容在文章中出现过就选择该选项,一定要回答问题。

句子简化题中有的选项内容和原文相符,但忽略了原文重要信息,这样的选项最容易误导考生。

建议考生在做题时要仔细研读文章中所标识的句子,根据标点和关联词把句子按照义群拆分为几个部分,学会长句短读,迅速找出句子的主句,也就是主谓宾或者主系表。

事业单位考试——片段阅读解题技巧:细节判断陷阱偷换概念

事业单位考试——片段阅读解题技巧:细节判断陷阱偷换概念

广西中公事业单位官方微信 :gxsydw
广西中公事业单位考试网:/guangxi/
片段阅读解题技巧:细节判断陷阱偷换概念
偷换概念是指命题人将题干中的词语偷换成一些相似的词语,改变了概念的修饰语、适用范围、所指对象等具体内涵的一种设错方式。

【例题】在英国,视网膜母细胞瘤的病例占婴儿出生第一年所患癌症病例的11%,患这种疾病的儿童中,差不多有半数患者通过父母体内的基因遗传。

专家表示虽然95%的视网膜母细胞瘤早期发现后可通过治疗消除。

但包括化疗和手术在内的治疗手段经常会导致患者失明。

以下表述正确的是( )。

A.视网膜的母细胞瘤早期发现的治疗效果也不理想
B.患视网膜的细胞瘤的人约一半源于基因遗传
C.化疗和手术等治疗手段令绝大多数患者失明
D.在英国约10%的婴儿在出生第一年患有视网膜母细胞瘤
【中公教育解析】选项B 偷换概念,题干说“忠这种疾病的儿童中,差不多有半数患者通过父母体内的基因遗传”,而不是B 中的“患视网膜的细胞瘤的人”,排除B ;C 项过度推断,“经常会导致患者失明”不能等同于“令绝大多数患者失明”,排除C ;D 项亦偷换了概念,约10%是视网膜母细胞瘤的病例占婴儿出生第一年所患癌症病例的比例,而不是患有视网膜母细胞瘤的婴儿在全部婴儿中所占的比例。

所以这题答案为A 。

托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解

托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解

托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解托福阅读中常有考生遇到这种情况,一道题目明明看懂了对应的*内容,选择时却还是出现了错误,今天给大家来托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解托福阅读偷换概念陷阱题实例讲解托福阅读想要取得高分,我们一定要警惕其中的陷阱题型,比如偷换概念题。

下面我们一起来看一道题:例题:Paragraph 5: Even the kind ofstability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated withmaximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is oftenfound inmid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwoodforest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individualsgrowing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, doesnot ensure stability. Mathematicalmodels of ecosystems likewise suggest thatdiversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. Amore complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system tobreak down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than achild’s tricycle.Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 5 about redwood forests?A. They become less stable as theymature.B. They support many species when theyreach climax.C. They are found in temperate zones.D. They have reduced diversity duringmid-successional stages.思路解析:推断题(inference question)和事实信息题、否定信息题一样,以“找关键词+定位”为切入点。

托福听力4类高频出题陷阱盘点讲解

托福听力4类高频出题陷阱盘点讲解

托福听力4类高频出题陷阱盘点讲解托福听力4类高频出题陷阱盘点讲解主旨题中的单复数陷阱这类陷阱选项在托福听力的主旨题中出现频率相当高,主要表现为听力素材本身只是讲了一个人或者某个观点,但在提问文章主旨的题目选项中却会出现一些涉及到一群人或者某一类观点的题目.考生如果没能仔细听清楚文章内容,搞清楚两者之间的区别,就会被这种故意混淆了主旨单复数的陷阱给误导.举例来说,托福听力有篇内容讲的是一位美国女作家的生平事迹,但问主旨的问题选项中却出现了一个描述美国女作家群体对文学影响的选项.很多同学没有仔细看题,把这种明显是存在单复数问题,以偏概全的选项当成了正确选项,最后出现了错误.因此,大家对于托福听力中的主旨题,一定要分清楚讨论的具体内容,选项中的这类单复数陷阱需要额外注意.故意凸出单个关键词的陷阱托福听力中常会出现一些讨论生僻话题或是特定事物的素材文章,这类文章大家可能听得一知半解,只记住了其中某些重复出现的关键词,然后在做题时遇到吃不准的题目,又看到题目里某个选项包含有那个让自己印象深刻的关键词,就毫无犹豫的选择了它.这种情况其实就属于踩中了关键词陷阱.在一些讨论生物特征或者科学现象的听力文章中,这种陷阱是非常容易出现的,而考生的应对策略除了提升听力水平和理解力外,还需要做好审题工作,把每个选项都仔细看清,之后再结合听到的内容来做出正确选择.反套路类型陷阱大家可能都知道,一道选择题中一旦出现某些特别绝对或是主观的词汇,往往都代表着这个选项存在问题,有很大几率是错误选项.这种套路其实很多同学都是心照不宣的.但托福听力中也有一些题目反过来利用了这种思维套路给考生设置了陷阱,反而坑到了不少同学.比如托福听力中有时候会问素材里某个人的看法或者观点,而这个人的看法可能会比较极端,在听力中表现得也很明显.这种时候大家在做选择时反而应该选择那些包含有极端主观词汇的选项,因为你要做的是选择符合听力素材原文中人物意思的选项,而不是自己做出判断.所以选择极端选项反而才是正确的做法.对于这种反套路类型的陷阱,大家也需要多加留意才行.选项错位类陷阱这种陷阱其实也是托福阅读中比较常见的陷阱,专门为文本内容较多的听力和阅读题所设置.许多听力材料其实也是分段落的,比如一个观点之后分开讨论3个分论点等等,考生可以明显区分出不同段落所讲内容的区别.而有些题目问的是某个段落里的分论点,却会把其它分论点中提到的内容也加到选项当中.考生自己如果没有很准确地分辨段落的能力,就会觉得似乎都提到了,从而无法做出正确选择.由于这类选项错位化的陷阱在听力素材篇幅较长的题目中出现几率很高,小编建议大家在做听力记录时也能养成列提纲分段落记录的习惯,明确不同分论点到底讲了什么,从而避免这种陷阱可能造成的扣分威胁.托福听力中的4类高频出题陷阱小编就为大家介绍到这里.各位同学在备考托福听力时不仅要关注好听力记录信息的能力培养,对于这些题目中的陷阱也需要有所了解,如此才能进一步提升托福听力的得分冲刺更好的成绩.托福听力主旨题答题技巧新托福听力考试总共有六大技巧的测试与考核.与这六大技巧相对,ETS有六大题型的测试,分别是:主旨题.细节题.句子功能题.态度题.结构题和推论题.而托福官方指南将这六大考题细归类为B,P, C三部分(Basic Comprehension Question, Pragmatic Comprehension Question,Connecting Information Question).B部分包括:主旨题和细节题;P部分包括句子功能题和态度题;C部分又包括结构题和推论题.在这六大题型中,出镜率.几乎每篇文章(我们知道托福听力考试涉及的文章有两种:conversation和lecture)都会涉及到的题目就是主旨题.把握好主旨题同样又是解答其他题目的关键.什么是主旨题呢?ETS官方给出的解释是:对话和讲座的大概意思,即文章主要涉及的是什么内容!关于主旨题,其实很多学生发现它是所有题型中简单的一道题目.可是往往我们如果不掌握一定的解题技巧和关键策略的话这道题同样可能丢分.所以,把握好主旨题是解题的重中之重.下面我就如何解答主旨题做一下总结与点评:1.主旨题在原文和题目中的位置首先,大家要明确托福听力考试的一大特色就是题目顺序与文章的行文顺序相一致.所以,同学们要明确的是主旨题出现在文章的开头部分,不会出现在文章的中间部分.其中需要注意的一点是,在结尾部分同样可能会出现帮助解答主旨题的解题内容.因为老师很可能对文章内容进行概括和总结.那么,结尾部分就可能出现主旨题的答案!但是,这种情况比较少见!所以按照文章的行文顺序,主旨题题目一般只会出现于道题.所以通常,不管是conversation还是lecture,主旨题都会出现于首道题目.明确了题目的位置之后,我们来看一下主旨题的分类.2.主旨题题型分类及典型问法主旨题分为目的主旨和内容主旨.目的主旨: 考查对话目的而非内容,即两个说话者的对话目的和教授讲这篇文章的目的.目的主旨一般出现于conversation中.目的主旨典型问法:Why does the student visit the professor?Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?Why did the professor ask to see the student?Why does the professor e_plain _?内容主旨: 要求考生理解讲座或对话的主旨大意.材料有时会明确提出主旨,有时会很含蓄. 要求学生对听到的信息进行归纳总结.内容主旨典型问法:What problem does the man have?What are the speakers talking about?What is the main ideaof the lecture?What aspect of _ does the professor mainly discuss?3.主旨题解题技巧关于解题技巧大家应该首先注意的是这两种题型与大家词汇量的多少无关.也就是说,词汇量即使很少也不会给这两种题型的解题造成障碍.首先要听准开头;特别是开头句型,之后找出对话目的;如果开头没有把握准,那么要注意全文重复词汇;后要听准关键词并对实义词(名词.动词.形容词)足够敏感.那么,如何听准开头呢?在conversation和lecture的开头中,有的文章会出现寒暄部分.比如,在conversation中两个说话者的在开头部分都会出现互相问好的寒暄语:e.g.1 A : Hey, how is everything going?B: Well, everything is going fine.e.g.2 A: Hi, are you Paula?B: Oh, hi, Jim. Nice to see you!在这些寒暄之后说话人A说Do you need some tutoring in English? 说话人B说:yes, I am takingEnglish composition and my English is not very good.这才是文章的真正内容,也就是文章的主旨!所以选项的相应部分选择的是:She needs a tutoring appointment!在lecture中,有时教授上来不会直接切入正题,而是先会寒暄几句.例1: 有个教授上来先说I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longerto grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper ne_t class. Today, I wantto continue our topic about Renaissance. 所以〝I am sorry that I didn’t bring yourpaper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paperne_t class.〞这句话都是在说与文章主旨无关紧要的话.而真正与文章主旨有关的是以today开头的这句话!所以,显而易见,这篇文章的主要内容就是Renaissance(文艺复兴).例2: In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history. But today, I amgoing to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么很显然,In the last class,we discussed the Jazz music history.这是上节课讲的内容.在强转折but之后,老师紧接着说I am going to talkabout the development of the jazz music. 那么,文章的主旨也就很明确了.在了解了如何在文章的开头抓主旨以后,我们再来看一下引导文章主旨的信号标志词,以便我们更好地定位选项.4.主旨题的信号标志词Lecture引导主旨题信号标志词总结1) 总结口语词后的动词词组:? today we will talk about...? today we will discuss...? today we will look at...? today we will tell...2) 旧托福:? today we will spend several minutes in...? today we will focus on...? today we will concentrate on...3) 动词时态? ve, -ed? will, be going to4) 介词 :? about注意点:在第三条中,动词过去式和过去分词后面引导的都是上节课涉及到的内容,所以即使大家听到了discuss这个词也可以放弃这部分内容.而只要听好并把握准today后面要讲的内容即可,也就是begoing to/will后面引导的内容!那么,about就是一个经常引导主要内容的一个介词.这个词很关键,要求听准其后面的宾语是什么!因为这个宾语就是解题的关键.Conversation 引导主旨题信号标志词总结1. wonder (e.g. I was wondering,…)2. think (e.g. I am thinking, I was thinking,….)3. hope (I was hoping,…)4. need (Do you need, I need….)5. figure out, work out, sort out,conversation的主要内容,一般情况下都是以上的这些词引导的.常用句型已在后面括号中标注出来.托福听力怎样避免无效信息首先,你其实记下来的东西基本都是无效信息.你并没有在大脑中经过过滤和分析,只是茫然的听到什么记什么.其次,你在做笔记的时候肯定记得很乱.所以即使想回原文定位也找不到.你需要锻炼自己抓取核心信息的能力.比如一句话你要抓住主句.也就是主谓宾.而不是一些小的信息点比如时间之类的.其次,对于笔记来说,你需要锻炼把笔记记得比较清楚.比如说可以分层次记.不同的意群之间可以拿横线划开.如果你能听的懂大部分,再加上笔记的帮助,就能克服一些.但是如果你听不懂,也记不下什么,就很容易这样啦.所以还是去练习基本功吧,词汇+精听+总结.问:怎么记笔记,以及确定出题点,我自己基本能听懂,也能判断一些出题点,但是还是有漏的情况,打错.答: 讲座以后做题后要分析文章结构,比如考艺术家:style-works-events-professor attitude笔记对话像小说三要素,人物,情节,地点.结构是问题原因建议问:每句就是它说完我默写那样吗?它说的快边听记不下来.答:对,不过我们要听一句,不管是否打全.也逼自己听下一句.不能一句反复听.这样一句一句听写完再从头听写一共5遍.对答案,查生词,跟读.控制在30分钟答:考试碰到怪怪的学术词汇,练就听音写词能力.然后几乎都考题干或正选,打字听写还能帮打字慢的同学提高速度问:如果听力基本都可以听的很流畅需要记笔记么.尤其是lectires.答:讲座有的是有结构,平常总结,比如一个科学家出现留意他的理论-实验-结论-教授对他态度.还有些常考点,比如问答,举例等.你应该有所总结.托福听力。

托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析

托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析

托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析原来词汇题可以这么做托福阅读词汇题可用代入法推断这种方法相当于万无一失的万金油了.不论你遇到什么情况,把四个选项带入到原文中看是否语义通顺符合逻辑.是个正确率比较高的方法.代入法解题思路实例讲解原题实例the deserts, which already occupy appro_imately a forth of theearth s landsurface, have in recent decades been increasingly at an alarmingpace. thee_pansion of desert--like conditions into areas where they did notpreviouslye_ist is called desertification. it has been estimated that anadditionalone-fourth of the earth s land surface is threatened by this process.the word threatened in the passage is closet in meaning to ----A.restrictedB.endangeredC.preventedD.rejected.思路解析这道题目问的是threatened这个单词的意思.大部分背了单词的同学都知道是威胁的意思,很容易的就可以选择b答案.但是如果你不认识这个单词呢,我们来看下单词所在这个句子,〝估计另外的四分之一的土地被这种进程所-------.〞那么这个进程讲的就是前面所提到的沙漠化的进程.我们来看下四个选项,A受限制的,B被威胁的,C被阻止的,D被拒绝的.把这四个单词带入的话,我们得出b 被威胁的这个选项是最合适的.托福阅读撩题必备技能——后置定语常见的后置定语表现形式:The leaders (present at the meeting) are very famousHis lover (for his country) is very greatThe kid (running on the ground) is cuteThe girl (punished by the teacher) criedShe has a meeting (to attend)Ilike the chocolate (that you bought for me yesterday)Paragraph4: Forehead rubbing by male deer on buckrubs presumably sends agreat deal of information to other members of the samespecies. First, thechemicals deposited on the rub provide information on the individual identity ofan animal; no two mammals produce the same scent. For instance, as we all know,dogs recognize each other via smell. Second,because only male deer rub, the buckrub and its associated chemicals indicate the se_ of the deer producing the rub.Third, older more dominant bucks produce more buck rubs and probably depositmore glandular secretions on a given rub. Thus, the presence of many well-markedrubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinityrather than simply being a crudemeasure of relative deer abundance in a givenarea. The information conveyed by the olfactorysignals on a buck rub makes itthe social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such astrumpeting by bull elk.What can be inferred fromparagraph 4 about the trumpeting of bull elk?○Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to othermembers of their species.○Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to conveyinformation about their identity.○Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in theirvicinity.○Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area thanbuck rubs do.这是一道推断题,较有难度,根据题干定位后发现解题区间在原文的最后2句话,都是长难句,我们来逐一分析一下;根据trumpeting先是定位到最后一句,这个句子包含了后置定语conveyedby the olfactory signals on a buck rub,读到这里发现并不是句子重心,后面的makes it socialequivalent才是句子重心,由此能感觉到作者意在做类比,非常符合推断题的解题思路哦,比较对象分别是通过olfactory (rub)传达的信号和通过auditory(trumpeting)传达的信号,这两种信号具有相同的社会功能;上一句依然包含了后置定语,being in the general vicinity ........in a givenarea,所以句子重心在前,讲的是rub的出现代表着周围有older, higher-status的buck最后我们尝试联系一下这2句话,得出的结论是:olfactory(rub)→higher status buck=auditory(trumpe ting)→higher status bull elk,选择AThe numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since theentry of Europeansinto Puget Sound country. The early e_plorers and settlerstold of abundant deerin the early _00s and yet almost in the same breath be moaned the lack of thissucculent game animal. Famous e_plorers of the north American frontier, Lewisand Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia Riveron November _, __, innearly starved circumstances. They had e_perienced great difficulty finding gamewest of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill theirfirst elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter,they consumed appro_imately _0elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, thee_pedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later onin the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became theheadquarters of the Hudson s Bay Company, deer populations continued tofluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical e_plorer of the _30s, found adisturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period betweenhis first visit in _25 and his final contact with the fort in _32. A recentDouglas biographer states: The deer which once pictures quely dotted themeadows around the fort were gone in _32, hunted to e_termination in order toprotect the crops.According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time DavidDouglas returned in _32?○The fort had become the headquarters fo r the Hudson s Bay Company.○Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.○Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.○Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased.这是一道细节题,解题策略会相对更简单粗暴一些,根据题干_32我们定位到and his final contact with the fort in_32,这里读一下发现并没有回答题目,那下一句应该继续再讲_32年之后的故事,由此往下看是一个长难句,出现了后置定语which oncepicturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort,并不是句子重心,句子重心在were gone,表示这些鹿都消失了,以此为线索可以确定包含destroyed的选项C为同义改写选项The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of thePacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigationskills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants andgardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory offishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed that theseprerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian languages (a groupof several hundredrelated languages) and began to emerge in Southeast Asia byabout 5000 B.C.E.The culture of that time, based on archaeology and linguisticreconstruction,is assumed to have had a broad inventory of cultivated plantsincluding taro,yarns, banana, sugarcane, breadfruit, coconut, sago, and rice.Just as important, the culture also possessed the basic foundation for aneffective maritime adaptation, including outrigger canoes and a variety offishing techniques that could be effective for overseas voyaging.All of the following are mentioned inparagraph 3 as required for successfulcolonization of the Pacific islands E_CEPT○ knowledge of various Austronesian languages○ avariety of fishing techniques○ navigational skills○ knowledge of plant cultivation这是一道排除题,几个正确选项在第一句话里都分别有提及,而错误选项A并非完全没有提到,它的位置在第二句话的前半个分句,这里依然出现后置定语speakingAustronesian languages,用以修饰people,而不是A选项提到的中心词knowledge,所以选A■There is a danger, of course, that playmay be misinterpreted or notrecognized as play by others, potentially leadingto aggression. This isespecially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predatorbehaviors.■Thus, many species have evolved clear signalsto delineateplayfulness.■Dogs, for e_ample, will wag their tails,get down their front legs,and stick their behinds in the air to indicate 〝what follows is just forplay.〞■With messages such as those, evendogsthat are strangers to each other canbe playing within a few minutes再看一道插入题,插入题我们一般会关注插入句中的逻辑词比如这里有even,那我们换个角度看一下,这里发现了后置定语that are strangersto eachother用以修饰前面的dogs,所以插入句中提到的狗不是泛泛而指的狗哦,而是互相不认识的狗.回到原文发现最后一句话开始提到Dogs,是泛指,插入句中的dogs被后置定语限定过,是特指,特指放在泛指后面,选DThe raising of live stock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands,where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. Theconsequences of an e_cessive number of livestock grazing in an area arethereduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of thesoil. This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and acceleratederosion.○Grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation insemiaridlands.最后这是一道段落小结题,该段落第一句话为段落主题句,同时出现了后置定语where grasses aregenerally the dominanttype of natural vegetation,句子重心在前,强调家畜的饲养为主要经济活动,中心词是the raising oflivestock,后面的内容也是围绕着这个词展开的,讲的是这种活动对于该地区产生的影响,不再涉及后置定语中有关grass的讨论;所以这个选项就自然排除啦.托福阅读:寻找题干能力对于highlighted sentences解题过程的重要性Which of the sentences below best e_presses the essential information inthehighlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.在这里要注意,highlightedsentences的题目是直接给出明确的做题指导的,那就是错误的句子会1)漏掉句子中的重要信息.2)曲解句子的意思.在现实做题备考过程中,学生们往往很容易看出曲解句子意思选项,知道不可以选,但容易在一些信息全对的选项上犹豫.这几个选项的信息原文句子都有提到,那我究竟应该选择哪一个选项呢?其实在托福考试的highlighted sentences题型中,其实有一条〝潜规则〞,那就是:那句highlightedsentence的主干其实就是句子的重要信息.所以,在这个时候,分析句子题干就成为了一个至关重要的能力.就让我们先一起看一道例题吧!Paragraph3: The West had plenty of attractions: thealluvial river bottoms,the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairieswere tempting to New England farmers working their rocky,sterile land and tosoutheastern farmers plagued with soil depletion and erosion. In _20 under anew land law, a farm could be bought for$100. The continued proliferation ofbanks made it easier for those without cash to negotiate loans in papermoney.Western Farmers borrowed with the confident e_pectation that the e_pandingeconomy would keep farm prices high, thus making it easy to repay loans whenthey fell due.5.Which of the sentences below best e_presses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.O Because the West had more rivers and forests than the East, its soil wasmore productive.O The fertile soils ofthe West drew farmers from regions with barrensoils.O Farmers living in western areas of the United States were more affectedby soil erosion than farmers living in eastern areas.O The soil in western areas of the United States was richer than soil ineastern areas.这是TPO 20-1 Westward Migration 的 highlighted sentences题,初看这道题,很多单词量不够大的学生是很有压力的,所以他们会觉得这道题很难做出来的原因是因为太多单词看不懂,比如alluvial,fecund, loam,prairies, sterile, depletion……但对于很多单词量大的同学,也很容易选择A或者D这两个选项,然后在我提示他们答案并不是A的时候表示惊讶:啊?那剩下还有别的选项能选吗?其实,出现这两种情况的原因都是因为同学们没有从找题干的角度分析这道题.于是现在,就让我们先暂时不看选项,而是单独看这个highlightedsentence,找寻一下这个句子的主干.其实,这个句子虽然复杂,但静下心里看,主干还是很明显的.这个句子的冒号前后是两句话,重点是冒号后面的那一句,仔细看的话,会发现the alluvialriver bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams ofthe prairies这一群很复杂的词组组成了主语,were tempting to… and to… 构成了谓语,New England farmersworking their rocky, sterile land和southeastern farmers plagued with soildepletion and erosion.构成了宾语,所以整个句子的结构就非常清晰了,那就是: ._ were tempting to ._ and ._.翻译成中文就是:._ 正在引诱._.所以,这个句子的主干,是一定包含了._正在引诱._这个意思的,如果选项中没有包含了这个意思,就不是正确选项.那么这时候,同学们再来看一看这道题,应该选择什么呢?A选项虽然包含了很多句子中的信息,但它唯独没有._正在引诱._的意思,所以不是正确答案.B选项虽然是最短的选项,语言也非常概括,但它是麻雀虽小,五脏俱全.其中的drew就有吸引的意思,所以其实这是一个可以选择的选项.C选项整个意思倒过来了,不是西部农民,而是东南部农民更容易被soilerosion所影响.D选项的信息也没有错,但跟A选项一样,它也不包含主干内容.所以最后我们的答案是B选项.这个让大家都觉得太短了,信息太少的选项反而是正确答案,就因为它是唯一一个信息没错误又包含了句子主干内容的选项.所以,其实从某种意义上来说,就算同学们不认识那些生词,只要找到主干,知道temptto的意思,就也能运用我们的分析主干技巧来顺利选出B选项.现在,同学们是不是已经掌握了托福的highlighted sentences主干就是句子的重要信息的〝潜规则〞了?有了这样的技巧,大家就再来试一道题吧!The frequency with which certain simplemotifs appear in these oldest siteshas led rock-art researchers to adopt adescriptive term—the Panaramitee style—alabel which takes its name from thee_tensive rock pavements at Panaramitee Northin desert South Australia, whichare covered with motifs pecked into thesurface.6.Which of the sentences below best e_presses the essential information inthehighlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave ways or leave out essential information.○ The oldest roc k art sites have simpler motifs than the best known sitesof Panaramitee North.○ Because motifs primarily associated with the Panaramitee region arecommon in the oldest sites, the term Panaramitee style has become the generalterm for rock art of this type.○ Because the Pan aramitee style is socommon in the older sites, researchershave described it most e_tensively.○ The motifs carved in the rocky surface of the Panaramitee region make upthe oldest form of rock art discovered in Australia.这道题的答案是...B因为原句的主干是._ has led researchers to adopt aterm.所以正确选项里面一定要包含._让研究人员采用一个term的信息.纵观4个选项,A,D都没有这个信息,其实C选项也没有,described itmost e_tensively并不是采用一个term,更何况e_tensive(ly)在原文中并不是修饰describe而是修饰rockpavements,所以这里还出现了信息错误.最后再让我们来看B选项,B选项虽然没提到researchers,但它包含了一个term被采纳的信息.所以B选项是毫无疑问的正确答案.大家这道题都做对了吗?我相信有了找主干分析句子重点信息的能力,同学们应该很轻松就选出来了吧!所以,寻找题干这个能力能力对于highlightedsentences的解题过程是至关重要的,大家一定要好好记住这一点技巧.托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析。

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托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解托福阅读中常有考生遇到这种情况,一道题目明明看懂了对应的*内容,选择时却还是出现了错误,今天给大家来托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福阅读陷阱类偷换概念题解题思路实例讲解托福阅读偷换概念陷阱题实例讲解托福阅读想要取得高分,我们一定要警惕其中的陷阱题型,比如偷换概念题。

下面我们一起来看一道题:例题:Paragraph 5: Even the kind ofstability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated withmaximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is oftenfound inmid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwoodforest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individualsgrowing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, doesnot ensure stability. Mathematicalmodels of ecosystems likewise suggest thatdiversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. Amore complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system tobreak down. A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than achild’s tricycle.Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 5 about redwood forests?A. They become less stable as theymature.B. They support many species when theyreach climax.C. They are found in temperate zones.D. They have reduced diversity duringmid-successional stages.思路解析:推断题(inference question)和事实信息题、否定信息题一样,以“找关键词+定位”为切入点。

本题的关键词是redwood forest, 回到原文定位到第三句:Once a redwoodforest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individualsgrowing on the forest floor are reduced. 这句话的意思是:例如,红杉树林一旦成熟,其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少。

看懂了这句话的我们立即迫不及待的去搜索选项,却发现这句话的内容是无法与任何选项匹配的。

于是,我们意识到,只阅读这句话的信息量是不够的,我们需要关注推断题定位范围的放大现象。

关注到本句中有个关键词:for example, 意味着本句是例子,一定和前句的内容相关。

所以我们来看前句:At least intemperate zones, maximum diversity is often found inmid-successional stages,not in the climax community. 至少在温带地区,会经常在演替过程中发现最多物种,而不是在顶极群落中。

发现三个选项中关键词climax,temperate, mid-successional stages 在原文中都可以找到对应,并且B,D选项都与这句话所叙述内容相反可以很容易排除。

接下来我们来看C选项:They are foundin temperate zones. 有很多同学就卡在这里了,他们认为原文说在温带地区,最多物种是在演替过程中,而不是在顶级群落,说明物种多样性和温带地区相关,没有证据表明redwood forest和温带地区相关,于是很多同学在纠结之后选到了A选项:They become lessstable as they mature. 当它们成熟的时候它们变得更不稳定了。

这类同学认为Once a redwood forest matures, forexample, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on theforest floor are reduced.红杉树林一旦成熟,其中的物种数量以及单个物种的数量都会减少,然后想当然的认为物种减少就代表稳定性降低,但是我们仔细读第一句:Even the kindof stability defined as simplelack of change is not always associated withmaximum diversity. 即使是这种被定义为简单地缺乏变化的稳定性并非总是与最多样的物种联系起来。

简单来说,本句表达的含义是:稳定性和最大多样性是没有关联的,所以不能选A。

实际上这道题是典型的主题+例证类推理题,例子是来说明主题的,所以例子的特征应该是与主题中所描述的特征一致的,即redwoodforests are found in temperate zones.所以,同学们一定要警惕片面的追求选项和原文间信息的匹配,忽略了“选项首先对问题负责”这一基本的答题态度,最终导致学生根本无法识别ETS命题组精心编织的偷换概念类的选项特征。

托福阅读材料:十大热门求婚地点Traditional marriage proposals could soon be consigned to the history books – with almost half of them now happening at home in front of the TV.传统的求婚方式可能很快就只在历史书里出现了,现在几乎有一半的求婚是在家里看电视的时候完成的。

A study of newlyweds has found modern men are ditching age-old traditional proposal custom in favour of a more lacklustre approach.一项针对新婚夫妇的调查发现,现代人渐渐地不再遵循传统的求婚习俗,而更倾向于没有惊喜的平凡求婚方式。

The study found only a third of men now go down on one knee to pop the question as their fathers and grandfathers’ generations would have done.研究发现,只有三分之一的男性现在还会像他们的父辈和祖辈那样单膝下跪求婚。

And the age-old tradition of asking the bride’s father for her hand in marriage is also on the verge of dying out with 63% of recently married males claiming they “didn’t bother”.而另一项古老的传统——就结婚事宜请求新娘父亲的首肯——也在慢慢消失,有63%的新婚男性说他们不再“这么费事了”。

Even the idea of picking a romantic location to propose hasfal len by the wayside, with the typical ‘Will you marry me?’ now most likely to take place at home.连选一个浪漫求婚地点的想法也乏人问津了。

那句经典的“你愿意嫁给我么?”大多是在家里说出来的。

十大热门求婚地点猜猜第一名是哪里?Only six percent bothered to take their partner abroad on holiday – but the same number of men proposed in the local pub –and 5.5% popped the question in the car.只有6%的人会花心思把他们的伴侣带到国外度假然后求婚,但是也有6%的男性在当地酒吧就求了婚,还有5.5%在汽车上求婚。

The study also found the average amount of time in a relationship before a proposal is now three years – so British women are taking matters into their own hands in a bid to get a proposal.研究还发现求婚前平均恋爱时间是三年,所以英国女性们都会自己想办法让他们的伴侣向他们求婚。

Almost a third of women 29% now end up choosing their own ring, rather than letting their partner decide.约有三分之一(29%)的女性现在连戒指都是自己选,而不是让他们的伴侣选。

The typical bride-to-be will also enlist the help of at least one friend to help speed up a proposal – as well as dropping two major engagement hints to encourage their partner to pop the question.一般准新娘也会至少让一个朋友帮忙推进求婚的进程,比如抛出两个重要的关于订婚的暗示来鼓动伴侣早些求婚。

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