年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
考研英语阅读翻译1

ase to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”现在,该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利,因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。
在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中,美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛的复审。
密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说,“正如人们所知道的那样,Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化,因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。
年考研英语一阅读理解全文翻译及解析

Text 1①Ofall the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapersduringthe past quarter-century, perhapsthe most far-reaching has been the inexorabledecline in the scope and seriousnessof theirart scoverage.①It is difficulttothe point ofimpossibilityfortheaverage reader u nder the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be foundin mostbig-citynewspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of themost significant collections of criticism published inthe20th century consisted in largepartof newspaper reviews. ③To read such books todayis tomarvel atthefact that their learnedcontents were once deemed suitable for publication ingeneral-circulation dailies.① Weare even fartherremoved fromthe unfocused newspaperreviews published inEngland between theturnof the20thcentury and theeve ofWorldWar 2,at a time when newsprintwasdirt-cheap and stylish arts criticismwasconsideredanornamentto thepublications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days,it was takenfo rgranted that the critics ofmajor papers would writein detail and at length about theeventstheycovered. ③Theirswas aserious business. andeven thosereviews who wore their learninglightly, like George BernardShawand Ernest Newman, couldbetrusted toknowwhatthey were about.④These menbelieved in journalism as a ca lling,and were proud to be publishedin thedaily press. ⑤So fewauthors have brains enough or literary giftenough tokeeptheir own endup inournalism,Newmanwrote, "thatI am temptedto define "journalism" as "a termofcontempt applied by writers who arenotread to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these criticsarevirtuallyforgotten. ②Neville Cardus, whowrote forthe Manchester Guardian from 1917until shortly before his death in 1975,is nowknownsolely as awriter of essays on thegame of cricket.③During his lifetime, though, he wasalso one o fEngland's foremost classical-musiccritics,andastylistso wi dely admired that hisAutobiography (1947)became a best-seller.④He was knighted in 1967,the firstmusic criticto beso honored.⑤Yet only oneof his booksisnow inprint,and his vast body ofwritingson music isunknownsave to specialists.①Is there anychancethat Cardus's criticismwill enjoyarevival? ②The prospect seemsremote.③Journalistictasteshad changed long beforehisdeath, and postmodern readershave little usefor the richly uphosteredVicwardian prose in whichhe specialized.④Moreover,the amateur traditioninmusic criticism has been inheadlong retreat.全文翻译:在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中,影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了,而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译

2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”,英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心,注册在线求职并开始找工作,才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we k now they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
考研英语阅读全文翻译

考研英语阅读全文翻译考研英语阅读全文翻译阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度,理解程度以及记忆能力等。
要想获得满意的考研英语成绩,最根本的方法就是提高词汇量,加强阅读训练,下面就是店铺给大家准备的考研英语的阅读真题及全文翻译,欢迎大家阅读参考!Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenthcentury, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.1. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry2. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation andprofessionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones3. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs4. The direct reason for specialisation is ________.[A] the development in communication [B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge [D] the splitting up of academic societies>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<重点词汇:1.specialisation(专业化)即special+is(e)+ation,special(特别的;额外的),-ise动词后缀(specialise即v.专业化),-ation名词后缀;specialist(专家;专科医生)←special+ist后缀表“人”。
考研英语真题阅读理解解析翻译

考研英语真题阅读理解解析翻译由于阅读在考研英语试卷中所占的分值最高,所以在考研英语圈子里一向有得阅读者得天下一说。
下面就是给大家整理的考研英语真题阅读理解解析翻译,希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings."Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal," writes McNutt in an editorial.Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE).Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians toreview these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said:"The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group.He says he expects the board to "play primarily an advisory role."He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is "a most welcome step forward" and "long overdue.""Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish.I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review," he says.But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist.Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, "engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process".Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit,but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify 'the papers that need scrutiny' in the first place".考研英语阅读翻译总主编马西娅;麦克娜特今天宣布:《科学》杂志在同行评阅之外又增加一轮数据审查。
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版career

考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版Growing up, I was in an ice-skating club, and my friends and I did lots of competitions.When I was 18, I entered a big one in Italy, and I came first. The prize was a job as an ice dancer in a big show. That’s how my career started.One of the things I love about the shows is the beautiful clothes. The only trouble is that sometimes they’re heavy and I get very hot. Also, I have to change lots of times in one show. The people who make the clothes are very clever —it’s amazing how quickly they work!Before the show starts, we get dressed, put our skates on, and wish each other good luck. Then, while I’m waiting to go on, I like to sit quietly by myself and think about what I’m going to do. The other skaters chat together or listen to music.In the shows, we have to dance, sing, and also speak. For me, ice dancing is fine, but I’m not an actor. I’m always abit scared because I sometimes won’t remember the words. I’m not bothered about falling —it doesn’t usually happen. And I really enjoy joining in with all the songs.People always ask me if I’m tired when each show finishes. I love skating, so I never feel that way. I love listening to the people who came to watch —so excited as they leave, talking about what they have seen. That’s when I’m really happy I chose ice dancing as a career.在成长过程中,我参加了一个滑冰俱乐部,我和我的朋友们参加了很多比赛。
202考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译-

英语二T e x t 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎,但最近几年来,家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是,洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策:除了高等课程,家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual(绝对)[C] is not required for advanced courses(正反)[D] is gaining more preferences(正反)2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案(七绝俗手版)2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥,从那时起一直到现在,这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。
退一步说,从总体上看,反应还是不错的。
如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写:从长时间来看,这次委命是英明的。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。
考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译

英语二T e x t 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎,但最近几年来,家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是,洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策:除了高等课程,家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual(绝对)[C] is not required for advanced courses(正反)[D] is gaining more preferences(正反)2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
考研英语真题阅读翻译全文

考研英语真题阅读翻译全文很多时候,考研英语阅读文章乍看上去与四、六级的形式相似,不少考生一开始便想当然地认为,只要掌握了考研英语大纲所指定词汇,考研阅读就可轻松拿下。
殊不知,考研英语阅读理解题中还有很多玄机下面就是给大家整理的考研英语真题阅读翻译全文,希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions".Integrity had collapsed, she argued,because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market.But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit".Driving her point home, she continued:"It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or businesscould become one of the most dangerous own goals forcapitalism and freedom."This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes;finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge;the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value,business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World under Rupert Murdoch was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions abouthow her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions, gave no instructions;nor received traceable, recorded answers.考研英语阅读翻译两年前,鲁伯特;默多克之女伊丽莎白曾说“太多的新闻机构有令人不安的正直缺失。
考研英语阅读真题翻译

考研英语阅读真题翻译When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we mustuse many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it isa little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--- and then to find that theline consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers:` Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole questionis really this: have we essentially changed?9. This passage is mainly____ .[A]a survey of new approaches to art [B]a review of Futurist poetry[C]about merits of the Futurist movement [D]about laws and requirements of literature10. When a novel literary idea appears, people should tryto_____ .[A]determine its purposes [B]ignore its flaws[C]follow the new fashions[D]accept the principles11. Futurists claim that we must____ .[A]increase the production of literature [B]use poetry torelieve modern stress[C]develop new modes of expression [D]avoid using adjectives and verbs12. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____ .[A]based on reasonable principles[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people[C]indicative of basic change in human nature[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature>>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<重点词汇:1.farfetched (牵强的)即far+fetch+ed,far远的,fetch拿来,-ed形容词后缀,叫别人到很远(far)的地方去把东西拿回来(fetch),这个要求是很“牵强的”(fartetched)。
考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.习惯是件有趣的事情。
我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。
“这并非选择,而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉•华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时说的话。
在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。
因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。
But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。
考研英语历年阅读真题翻译

考研英语历年阅读真题翻译近年来,考研英语试卷中的阅读理解部分一直是考生们备战过程中的重点和难点。
历年来的真题不仅是考生们检验自己英语能力的有力材料,同时也是他们在备考过程中不可或缺的练习资源。
本文将通过对历年考研英语阅读理解真题的翻译和分析,帮助考生更好地应对考试。
第一篇阅读文章是关于环境保护的,题目为“Protecting the Environment”。
文章主要讲述了人们在环境问题上应该采取的行动。
翻译:题目:保护环境人们对环境问题的关注不断增加,人们认识到需要采取紧急行动来保护我们的地球。
许多人已经意识到环境问题的严重性,他们开始采取各种措施来减少环境污染。
首先,我们应该节约能源。
通过使用节能灯和关闭不需要使用的电器,我们可以降低能源消耗。
此外,我们还应该鼓励使用可再生能源,如太阳能和风能。
其次,减少车辆的使用也是保护环境的重要举措。
随着汽车数量的不断增加,尾气排放和交通拥堵等问题日益严重。
因此,我们应该鼓励人们使用公共交通工具和步行或骑自行车代替短途驾车。
此外,人们还应该注意环境保护的意识。
我们应该减少对一次性使用的塑料制品的依赖,如塑料袋和塑料瓶。
取而代之的是,使用环保材料和可回收的包装。
最后,教育对于环境保护同样重要。
学校和社区应该加强环保教育,让人们意识到环境问题的紧迫性和重要性。
只有通过教育,我们才能真正改变人们的行为习惯,实现可持续发展。
总之,保护环境是每个人的责任。
通过采取上述措施,我们可以共同努力,创造一个更美好的环境。
每个人都应该行动起来,为保护地球贡献自己的一份力量。
第二篇阅读文章是关于人工智能的,题目为“Artificial Intelligence”。
文章主要探讨了人工智能的发展和应用。
翻译:题目:人工智能随着科技的进步,人工智能在各个领域的应用日益普遍。
人工智能是一种模拟人类智能的技术,能够执行各种复杂任务。
首先,人工智能在医疗领域的应用已经取得了显著的成果。
通过分析大量的医学数据和病例,人工智能可以辅助医生进行诊断和治疗。
考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译

考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】英语二 Text 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has beenparticularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎,但最近几年来,家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是,洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策:除了高等课程,家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadayshomework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual(绝对)[C] is not required for advanced courses(正反)[D] is gaining more preferences(正反)2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
(完整)考研英语阅读全文翻译

Text 1为了“让生活更美好”,减少“家庭的扶养",英国财政部大臣George Osborn,提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书,并且开始找工作,那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周.还有什么能比这个更合理?下面是更明显的合理性.下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作,而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作.”帮助?真的吗?第一次听到这时,这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”,以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平"的热情—-保护纳税人,控制支出,以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的:你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景,并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬,你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的;为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是,养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题,那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字:工作.但是在奥斯博岛,你的第一本能反应是被扶养-—如果你能做到,那么是永久的扶养,被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革,并且没有福利管理体系.现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”,意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
确实,这些要求者得到了有期限的“津贴”,条件是积极地找工作;这是欧盟中最不慷慨的一个体系,一周71,70英镑,没有补贴没有保险。
考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版

考研英语阅读理解典型范文含译文翻译版In a modern world where time is money, how have our reading habits been influenced? Are we reading more quickly or do we prefer to read short passages? The answer perhaps lies in the kind of text you're reading.When we're reading online, we read quickly to search what we want. Does this mean that as readers we now have farless patience than we used to? Not necessarily. Much ofthis activity is actually skimming or scanning to check whether something is useful or interesting and whether we want to read on. We'll slowdown and take a bit longer to properly read the text if the headline catches our eyes.For those writing for an online environment, this means finding more useful ways of catching the readers' eyes. For example, putting the key information at the very beginning makes it more likely that the time-poor website visitors will find what they want.But what about when we're reading literature , are the rules still the same? The average reader works their way through a piece of an article at no more than about 250-300 words perminute, which is generally a page of text. If you try to read through a novel more quickly, then you start to lose a lot of what makes literature such a pleasure. When we read for pleasure, we are much less focused on picking out useful information or key words. Instead, the language itself is as important as the information mentioned. The longer you spend reading a passage, the more vivid a picture you create in your mind.Sometimes an escape from the fast-moving Internet Age is just what we need, so maybe it's time to slow down and lose yourself in a good book.在一个时间就是金钱的现代世界,我们的阅读习惯是如何受到影响的?我们是读得更快还是更喜欢读短文?答案也许取决于你所阅读的文本类型。
2020年考研英语一阅读译文

2020年考研英语一阅读译文考研英语一阅读理解是考研英语重要的一部分,对于备考的同学来说,掌握阅读技巧和提升翻译能力至关重要。
以下是一篇2020年考研英语一阅读理解的译文。
Passage 1While researchers have studied farmers' markets for the past 20 years, studying not-for-profit food hubs is fairly new. For 15 years, the Food Hub Management Program at Michigan State University has helped organizations start and operate food hubs. Dr. Rich Pirog, who directs the program, has just edited a book on food hubs."The interest in local food systems is driving the increased attention to food hubs," says Pirog, who began studying farmers markets in the late 1990s. "Food hubs are about bringing agriculture back to cities and more populated areas."Pirog points to the huge amount of economic power of food sales in this country - $650 billion a year - and says, "A little bit of that localizes food to smaller areas. Ten percent is $65 billion. How do we get there?"To answer this question, he has begun a three-year project funded by the US Department of Agriculture, looking at the impact of food hubs, compared to farmers markets and conventional intermediaries, on the local economy.Food hubs are a fairly new concept. Some are for-profit, like Bon Appetit Management Company, which brings local food to collegecampuses like MSU. Some are not-for-profit, like Twin Cities-based The Good Acre, which focuses on serving low-income people who can't get to farmers markets.Food hubs can be both physical and virtual. They can be big, like the Chicago South Water Market, which has hundreds of farmers, sells $2 billion a year and has a physical connection to residential, retail and restaurant sectors. Or they can be small physical spaces like the MSU Student Organic Farm, which only sells a portion of its food.Pirog has ended the first phase of the project, which focused on synthesizing research on local food. Michigan State University researchers found that food hubs can create jobs and impact regional economies. They also found that they carry food that meets consumer demand and improves access to healthy food.Pirog and his team spent the past year reaching out to food hubs around the country to collect sales, employment and other data. They're studying 50 food hubs, in total. This summer, the team is entering the second phase of the project, looking at consumer behavior and attitudes about local food and food systems.译文如下:第一篇虽然研究人员在过去20年里一直在研究农民市场,但对于非营利性食品中心的研究还是相对较新的。
考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2008 Text 1Paragraph 11、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性,但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域,女性似乎走在了男性的前面。
1.1 sphere英/sfɪə/ 美/sfɪr/n. 范围;球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围;放入球内;使…成球形1.2 appear to be好像是;仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/ 美/,ʌndɪ'zaɪərəbl/n. 不良分子;不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的;不受欢迎的;不合需要的1.4 category英/'kætɪg(ə)rɪ/ 美/'kætəɡɔri/n. 种类,分类;[数] 范畴2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说,"与男性相比,女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。
"2.1 susceptible英/sə'septɪb(ə)l/ 美/sə'sɛptəbl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的;易感动的;容许…的2.2 depression英/dɪ'preʃ(ə)n/ 美/dɪ'prɛʃən/n. 沮丧;忧愁;抑郁症;洼地;不景气;低气压区2.3 disorders英美/dɪs'ɔrdɚ/n. 无秩序,混乱;小病(disorder的复数形式)v. [电子] 扰乱(disorder 的单三形式)anxiety disorders焦虑症;焦虑性障碍2.4 psychiatrist英/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/ 美/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n. 精神病学家,精神病医生2.5 veteran英/'vet(ə)r(ə)n/美/'vɛtərən/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人;老运动员adj. 经验丰富的;老兵的2.6 administration英/ədmɪnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/əd,mɪnɪ'streʃən/n. 管理;行政;实施;行政机构Paragraph 21、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应,在同样状况下,处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。
考研英语阅读真题全文翻译

考研英语阅读真题全文翻译考研英语阅读理解你复习如何?能够在这一般快拿到高分吗?下面就是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题全文翻译,希望对你有用!考研英语阅读原文For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever."It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air."Hill's pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them.Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip.After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowded country.Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative;the corruptedlandscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.考研英语阅读翻译与乡村人口相比,人类历史上第一次有更多的人居住在城镇。
考研英语一阅读翻译完整版

考研英语一阅读翻译集团标准化办公室:[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]T e x t1为了“让生活更美好”,减少“家庭的扶养”,英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn,提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书,并且开始找工作,那么他们有资格得到福利,然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理?下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作,而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助真的吗第一次听到这时,这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好,和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”,以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人,控制支出,以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的:你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心,有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景,并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖,心理的尴尬,你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的;为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是,养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题,那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字:工作。
但是在奥斯博岛,你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到,那么是永久的扶养,被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革,并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”,意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2010年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中,影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了,而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲,让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。
然而,在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中,人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。
现在,如果读到这些集子,人们肯定会惊诧,当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。
从20世纪早期到二战以前,当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛,包罗万象,我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。
当时的报纸极其便宜,人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。
在那些遥远的年代,各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情,这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。
他们的写作是件严肃的事情,人们相信:甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家,比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么(即他们的文章会高调出现在报纸上)。
这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业,并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。
“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”,Newman曾写道,“我倾向于把‘新闻写作’定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个‘轻蔑之词’”不幸的是,这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。
从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus,如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。
但是,在他的一生当中,他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。
他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家,所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。
1967年他被授予爵士称号,也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。
然而,他的书现在只有一本可以在市面上买到。
他大量的音乐批评,除了专门研究音乐评论的人以外,已鲜为人知。
Cardus的评论有没有机会重新流行?前景似乎渺茫。
在他去世之前,新闻业的品味早已改变很长时间了,而且他所擅长的措词华丽的维多利亚爱德华时期的散文风格对后现代的读者没有什么用处。
何况,由业余爱好者作音乐批评的传统早已经成为昨日黄花了。
21. 第一段和第二段指出A 文艺评论已经从大城市的报纸上消失了B 英文报纸过去常刊登更多文艺评论方面的文章C 优质报纸能保留大量的读者。
D 年轻的读者怀疑评论文章是否适合刊登在日报上22. 二战之前,英国报纸评论的主要特点是A 自由的主题。
B 风格随意C 布局精心D 观点激进23. Shaw和Newsman最有可能同意下列哪种说法A 实现新闻业的目标是作家的责任B 作家成为新闻工作者是鄙视的C 作家可能被吸引到新闻工作中去D 并不是所有作家都能胜任新闻工作24. 从最后两端可以获知Cardus的那些信息A 他的音乐评论也许不再吸引现在的读者B 他作为音乐评论家的声誉一致备受争议C 他的风格主要迎合现代专业人士的口味D 他的作品未能跟上业余传统25. 本文最好的标题是A 过去美好时光中的报纸B 报纸中消失的视角C 新闻界令人悲哀的衰退D 记忆中的杰出评论家Text 2在过去的十年中,成千上万的商业方法被授予了专利权。
亚马逊网站获得的专利是在线“单击”付费系统。
美林公司的资产分配方案得到了法律保护。
有个发明者的提箱技巧也获得了专利。
现在,该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利,因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。
在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中,美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛的复审。
密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说,“正如人们所知道的那样,Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。
对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化,因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。
那是在1998年,对于所谓的美国道富银行的案件中,联邦巡回法院做出了判决,批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。
这一裁决使得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加,起初只是一些新兴的网络公司对于某些特定类型的在线交易系统试图争取独家专有权。
后来,更多的公司竞相添加这样的专利权,希望这样一个防御性的行为可以先下手为强。
2005年,IBM公司在一份法院报告中声称:尽管怀疑这种专利授权的法律基础,但它已经申请了300多份商业方法专利。
同样,当一些华尔街投资公司出席某些反对其金融产品的法庭案件时,他们会给其各类金融产品申请专利来作为自己的维权武器。
前面提到的Bilski案例牵扯到一份已申请的方法专利,即关于能源市场的风险规避方法(注:也可译为“套期保值或对冲风险”)。
上诉法院罕见地裁定,该案件将不由三位法官听审,而是由全部十二名法官共同进行。
另外,上诉法院还宣布,它想探讨的另一件事情是是否应该“重审”道富银行的裁决。
联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。
最高法院最近做出了一系列的判决,缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。
例如,去年四月,法官们认定太多的专利授予了一些显而易见的“发明”。
乔治华盛顿大学法律学院的专利法律师Harold C. Wegner教授表示,“联邦巡回法院的法官们正在对最高法院的反专利动态做出反应”。
26. 商业方法专利权最近备受关注因为A 他们对商业的价值有限B 他们与资产配置有关系C 他们的授予可能受到限制D 他们的获批引起争议27. 下面对于“美国道富银行案”的叙述中,哪一项是正确的A 对该案件的裁决与法院的决议一致B 该案件涉及一笔很大的商业交易C 该案件已经被联邦巡回法院驳回D 该案件有可能改变美国的法律惯例28. “about-face”(第三段第一行)的意思最有可能是A 善意缺失B 敌意增加C 态度改变D 尊严提升29. 由最后两段我们可以知道,商业方法专利权A 不会受到法律挑战的影响B 经常没必要的签发C 降低对专利持有人的尊重D 增加风险发生率30. 下列哪一个选项可以作为本文的额标题A 商业方法专利权的一个潜在威胁B 对商业方法专利权持有人的保护C 关于商业方法专利权的一起法律案件D 反对商业方法专利权的流行趋势Text 3在《引爆流行》这本书中,作者Malcolm Gladwell认为社会流行潮流在很大程度上是由一小部分特殊个体的行为引起的,这些人就是人们常说的影响者。
他们异乎寻常的博闻多识,能言善辩,人脉广泛。
从直觉上讲,Malcolm Gladwell 的理论似乎很有说服力,但是它没有解释流行观念的实际传播过程。
人们之所以认为影响者很重要,是因为受到了“两级传播”理论的影响,即信息先从媒体流向影响者,然后再从影响者流向其他人。
这一理论看似合理,但未经验证。
营销人员接受两级传播理论是因为该理论认为,如果他们能够找到影响者,并对他们施加影响,这些精英们就会替他们完成大部分的营销传播工作。
这一理论似乎还可以解释某些装扮、品牌或社区为何会突然受到出乎意料的追捧。
对于许多诸如此类的情况,如果只是走马观花地寻找原因,你会发现总是有一小群人开风气之先,率先穿上、宣传和开发人们此前从未留意的东西。
这种事实证据与该观点正好一拍即合——只有一些特别的人才能引领潮流。
但是,在最近的研究中,一些研究人员发现,影响者对社会流行潮流的影响力远比人们认为的要小。
事实上,他们似乎根本就是无关紧要。
研究者的观点源于对社会影响力的简单观察:除了少数像Oprah Winfrey 这样的名人之外(她强大的人气影响力主要来自媒体影响力,而非她与观众互动的人际影响力),即使人群中最有影响力的人也无法与那么多的“其他人”互动,从而引领潮流。
然而,根据两级传播理论,正是这些非名人影响者直接影响了他们的朋友和同事,从而推动了社会流行潮流。
但是,要让一种社会流行潮流真正发生,每个受影响的人还必须影响他的熟人,而他的熟人又必须影响其他熟人,依此类推;但是会有多少人去关注这些熟人中的每个人,与最初的影响者几乎没有关系。
举个例子来说,在这个人际影响的网络中,如果第一个影响者受到两次抵制,那么他的连锁影响范围就不会继续扩大,或者说影响的人不会很多。
基于这一人际影响力的基本事实,研究者们研究了社会影响的动力机制。
我们对不同人群进行了成千上万次计算机模拟,不断调整人们影响他人和受他人影响的各种变量。
他们发现,人们所说的“全球连锁反应”——影响力通过(人际)网络进行广泛传播——发生的主要前提,并不取决于是否存在着那么几个影响者,而主要取决于易受影响的人们是否达到了临界数量。
31. 通过引用《引爆点》一书,作者意在A 分析社会风尚流行的后果B 讨论有影响力的人物在传播观点中发挥的作用C 例证人们对社会潮流的直觉反应D 描述有影响力的人的本质特征32. 作者认为“两极流动传播论”A 是解决营销问题的方法之一B 帮助解释了某些流行趋势C 已经赢得了有影响力的人物的支持D 需要可靠的证据来验证其正确性33. 研究人员最近观察到额现象表明A 影响力伴随着社会交往而产生B 人际关系可以通过媒体加强C 有影响力的人物拥有更多的渠道来接触大众D 大多数名人受到媒体的广泛关注34. 第四段中加下划线的短语”these people”是指()那些人A 远离社会影响的网络B 与影响源接触很少C 受到他人的影响,继而又影响他人D 受到最初的有影响力的人物影响35. 在社会影响的动力中,什么是最重要的因素A 获得接纳的渴望B 影响别人的冲动C 受别人影响的意愿D 依赖别人的倾向Text 4台面上,银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎于己身,台面下,他们一直把目标对准他人:会计准则制定者。
银行业抱怨会计规则迫使他们报告巨大损失,认为这不公平。
规则规定他们必须以第三方付出价格来评估部分资产的价值,而非按照管理者和监管者期望该资产能够获得的价格。
不幸的是,银行的游说活动看来已显成效。
其中细节可能无法获知,但是准则制定者在独立性方面——这正是资产市场正常运行的关键——已经做出妥协了。
银行如果不以能够吸引买家的价格计量有毒资产,银行系统的复苏将会非常困难。
美国FASB(财务会计准则委员会)在与国会激烈摩擦之后,匆匆通过了规则的修改。
这些修改使得银行在使用模型评估非流动资产方面用有更大的自由,同时使得它们确认收益表中长期资产损失时更为灵活。
FASB主席Bob Herz大声反对那些“怀疑我们的动机”的人们。
然而银行股票上涨了,这些修改强化了“管理层使用理性判断”的说法,这种说法是一个游说团的客气之言。