胸膜疾病英文1
医学常见疾病中英文名称对照表
医学常见疾病中英文名称对照表在医学领域中，了解疾病的中英文对照名称是非常重要的。
这有助于医务人员之间的沟通以及医疗文件的准确填写。
下面是一份医学常见疾病的中英文对照表，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用医学术语。
1.感冒 - Common Cold2.发烧 - Fever3.肺炎 - Pneumonia4.流感 - Influenza5.哮喘 - Asthma6.鼻炎 - Rhinitis7.咳嗽 - Cough8.胃炎 - Gastritis9.病毒性肝炎 - Viral Hepatitis10.糖尿病 - Diabetes11.高血压 - Hypertension12.心脏病 - Heart Disease13.中风 - Stroke14.肺癌 - Lung Cancer15.乳腺癌 - Breast Cancer16.糖尿病 - Diabetes17.结肠癌 - Colon Cancer18.肾炎 - Nephritis19.结石 - Kidney Stones20.脑炎 - Encephalitis21.关节炎 - Arthritis22.精神分裂症 - Schizophrenia23.抑郁症 - Depression24.帕金森氏综合症 - Parkinson's disease25.带状疱疹 - Shingles26.痔疮 - Hemorrhoids27.溃疡 - Ulcer28.白血病 - Leukemia29.贫血 - Anemia30.哮喘 - Asthma31.癫痫 - Epilepsy32.脑震荡 - Concussion33.鼻窦炎 - Sinusitis34.失眠 - Insomnia35.口腔溃疡 - Mouth Ulcer36.胰腺炎 - Pancreatitis37.食道炎 - Esophagitis38.乙肝 - Hepatitis B39.皮炎 - Dermatitis40.耳聋 - Hearing Loss41.近视 - Myopia42.视力矫正 - Vision Correction43.青光眼 - Glaucoma44.白内障 - Cataract45.斑秃 - Alopecia Areata46.牙龈炎 - Periodontitis47.口腔癌 - Oral Cancer48.食管癌 - Esophageal Cancer49.脑膜炎 - Meningitis50.心肌梗塞 - Myocardial Infarction51.胃溃疡 - Gastric Ulcer52.胆囊炎 - Cholecystitis53.甲状腺癌 - Thyroid Cancer54.乙状结肠炎 - Ulcerative Colitis55.脑瘤 - Brain Tumor56.胰腺癌 - Pancreatic Cancer57.子宫肌瘤 - Uterine Fibroids58.子宫内膜异位症 - Endometriosis59.前列腺炎 - Prostatitis60.尿道感染 - Urinary Tract Infection61.卵巢癌 - Ovarian Cancer62.霍奇金淋巴瘤 - Hodgkin's Lymphoma63.肺气肿 - Emphysema64.动脉硬化 - Arteriosclerosis65.心律失常 - Arrhythmia66.肾功能衰竭 - Renal Failure67.脂肪肝 - Fatty Liver68.颈椎病 - Cervical Spondylosis69.胆结石 - Gallstones70.乳腺纤维瘤 - Breast Fibroadenoma71.淋巴结炎 - Lymphadenitis72.胰腺瘤 - Pancreatic Tumor73.高血脂 - Hyperlipidemia74.直肠癌 - Rectal Cancer75.食管瘤 - Esophageal Tumor76.胰腺囊肿 - Pancreatic Cyst77.肝脏肿瘤 - Liver Tumor78.子宫颈炎 - Cervicitis79.子宫肌腺症 - Adenomyosis80.乳腺增生 - Breast Hyperplasia81.肠胃炎 - Gastroenteritis82.胰腺功能不全 - Pancreatic Insufficiency83.髋关节炎 - Hip Arthritis84.慢性阻塞性肺疾病 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)85.痤疮 - Acne86.甲状腺炎 - Thyroiditis87.脂溢性皮炎 - Seborrheic Dermatitis88.扁平苔藓 - Tinea Versicolor89.神经性斑秃 - Androgenic Alopecia90.子宫肌瘤 - Uterine Leiomyoma这是一份医学常见疾病的中英文名称对照表，仅供参考。
医学英语--诊断(疾病英文名称)[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]
![医学英语--诊断(疾病英文名称)[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3f07b61cfad6195f312ba6f7.png)
诊断（疾病名称）[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]•病因诊断[pathogenic diagnosis (diagnosis of etiology)]•病理解剖诊断[diagnosis of pathological anatomy]•病理生理诊断[diagnosis of pathological physiology]•并发症[complication]•合并症（伴发疾病）[accompanying diseases](1)心内科疾病[heart d iseases]•cardiac insufficiency (heart failure)[心功能不全（心衰）] •cardiogenic (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) shock[心原性（低血容量性，感染性，过敏性，神经原性）休克]•sinus tachycardia (bradycardia, arrhythmia, arrest)[窦性（心动过速，心动过缓，心律不齐，停搏）] •sinus rhythm[窦性心律]•sick si nus syndrome(SSS)[病窦综合征]•Adams –stokes syndrome[阿-斯综合征]•junctional (ventricular) escape beat[交界性（室性）逸搏]•escape rhythm[逸搏心律]•left atrial rhythm[左房心律]•chaotic atrial rhythm[房性紊乱心律]•wandering rhythm[游走心律]•premature atrial(ventricular, junctional) beats[房性（室性，交界性）早搏]•multifocal (multimorphic)[多源性（多形性）]•bigeminy (trigeminy)[二（三）联律]•paroxysmal atrial (supraventricular, ventricular) tachycardia[阵发性房性（室上性，室性）心动过速] •sustained ventricular tachycardia[持续性室速]•sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia[窦房结折返性心动过速]•To rsade de pointes (TDP)[尖端扭转型室速]•A-V(A-V nodal)reentrant tachycardia[房室（房室结）折返性心动过速]•atrial flutter (fibrillation)[房扑（颤）]•ventricular flutter (fibrillation)[室扑（颤）]•sino-auricular (intra-auricular, intra-ventricular)block[窦房（房内，室内）传导阻滞]•first (second, third) degree atrioventricular (A-V)block[I（II、III）度房室传导阻滞]•second degree, type I(II) A-V block[II度I（II）型房室传导阻滞]•Wenckebach phenomena[文氏现象]•Mobitz type I(II)[莫氏I（II）型]•complete (incomplete) left (right) bundle branch block[完全性（不完全性）左（右）束支传导阻滞] •advance d (high grade) A-V block[高度房室传导阻滞]•left anterior (posterior) fascicular block[左前（后）分支阻滞]•type A(B) wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (pre-excitation syndrome)[A（B）型预激（W-P-W）综合征] •Lown-Ganong-Levime (L-G-L) syndrome[L-G-L综合征（短P-R综合征）]•accelerated idioventri cular (idiojunctional) rhythm[加速性室性（交界性）自主心律]•ectopic (junctional, reciprocal) rhythm[异位（交界性，反复）心律]•ventricular hypertrophy[心室肥厚]•left(right) atrial enlargement[左（右）房扩大]•idiopathic[特发性]•interfering atrioventricular dissociation[干扰性房室分离]•Brugada syndr ome [Brugada 综合征]•cardiac arrest (sudden death)[心脏骤停（猝死）]•acute rheumatic fever [急性风湿热]•rheumatic carditis[风湿性心脏炎]•chorea[舞蹈病]•rheumatic heart disease[风湿性心脏病]•multivalve disease[多瓣膜病]•valvular heart disease[心瓣膜病]•mitral(aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) stenosis[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，肺动肪瓣，三尖瓣）狭窄] •mitral (aortic, tricuspid) regurgitation(insufficiency)[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，三尖瓣）反流（关闭不全）] •coronary artery (heart) disease[冠心病]•acute coronary syndrome [急性冠脉综合征]•acute (old) myocardial infarction (MI)[急性（陈旧性）心肌梗死]•Q wave (non-Q wave) MI[Q波（非Q波）心梗]•unstable (stable) angina pectoris[不稳定（稳定）型心绞痛]•cardiogenic sudden death[心源性猝死]•initial onset angina peotoris[初发型心绞痛]•angina decubitus[卧位型心绞痛]•variant angina pectoris[变异型心绞痛]•intermediate syndrome [中间综合症]•post-infarction angina pectoris[梗死后心绞痛]•congenital heart disease[先天性心脏病]•pulmonary (aortic) stenosis[肺（主）动脉狭窄]•coartation of aorta[主动脉缩窄]•idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension [原发性肺动脉高压]•persistent left superior vena cava[左侧上腔静脉永存]•superior vena caval obstruction syndrom e[上腔静脉阻塞综合征]•dextro cardia[右位心]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•marfan`s syndrome [马凡氏综合征]•atrial (ventricular) septal defect(ASD/VSD)[房（室）间隔缺损]•patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)[动脉导管未闭]•single atrium (ventricle)[单心房（室）]•endocardial cushion defect[心内膜垫缺损]•aortic sinus an eurysm[主动脉窦瘤]•coronary arteritis[冠状动脉炎]•coronary artery fistula[冠状动脉瘘]•malformation of coronary artery[冠状动脉畸形]•coronary arteriovenous fistula[冠状动静脉瘘]•tetralogy(trilogy) of Fallot[法乐氏四（三）联征]•complete (corrected) transposition of great vessels[完全性（纠正型）大血管转位]•double-outlet of right ventricle [右室双出口]•partial (complete) anomalous pulmonary venous drainage[部分（完全）性肺静脉畸形引流] •Eisenmenger (Ebstein) syndrome[艾生曼格综合征（埃勃斯坦畸形）]•persistent trumcus arteriosus[永存主动脉干]•congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula[先天性肺动静脉瘘]•primary (secondary) hypertension [原发（继发）性高血压]•hypertensive crisis (urgencies, emergencies)[高血压危象（急诊）]•hypertensive nephropathy (papillo-retinopathy, cerebral hemorrhage)[高血压性肾病（视乳头-视网膜病，脑出血）]•acute (subacute) becterial endocarditis[急（亚急）性细菌性心内膜炎]•infective endocarditis[感染性心内膜炎]•acute (chronic) cor pulmonale[急（慢）性肺原性心脏病]•chronic pulmonary heart disease[慢性肺心病]•acute (chronic) pericarditis [急（慢）性心包炎]•constrictive pericarditis[缩窄性心包炎]•purulent (tuberculous) pericarditis[化脓(结核)性心包炎]•syphilitic heart disease[梅毒性心脏病]•acute viral myocarditis [急性病毒性心肌炎]•primary (specific) cardiomyopathy[原发（特异）性心肌病]•dilated (hypertrophic, restrictive) cardiomyopathy[扩张（肥厚，限制）型心肌病]•hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)[肥厚型梗阻性心肌病]•arrhythmogenic right ven tricula dysplasia(ARVD)[致心律失常性右室发育不全]•tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy[心动过速性心肌病]•hypertensive(alcoholic,ischemic,diabetic,peripartum,hyperthyroid )cardio- myopathy[高血压（酒精，缺血，糖尿病，围生期，甲亢）性心肌病]•drug-induced cardiomyopathy[药物性心肌病]•keshan disease[克山病]•my xoma of left atrium[左房粘液瘤]•metastatic cardiac tumor[心脏转移性肿瘤]•cardiac neurosis[心脏神经官能症]•mitral prolapse syndrome[二尖瓣脱垂综合征]•long Q-T syndrome[长QT间期综合征]•aortic (dissecting) aneurysm[主动脉（夹层动脉）瘤]•multiple (primary) arteritis of aorta and main branches[多发性大动脉炎]•Takayasu arteritis [大动脉炎（高安动脉炎）]•Raynaud disease[雷诺氏病]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•thromboangitis obliterans[血栓闭塞性脉管炎]•deep vein thrombosis[深静脉血栓形成]•superficial thrombophlebitis[血栓性浅静脉炎]•syndrome X[X 综合征]•peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterat ion[闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化]•Churg-Strauss syndrome[变应性肉芽肿性血管炎]•radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)[射频消融术]•percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)[经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术]•transluminal extraction catheter(TEC)[经皮腔内切吸导管]•percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation(PTSMA)[经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术]•percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)[经皮腔内冠脉成形术]•acute left-sided heart failure [急性左心衰竭]•pulmonary (lung) edema[肺水肿]•chronic heart failure[慢性心衰]•systolic (diastolic) insufficiency heart failure[收缩（舒张）功能不全性心衰]•cardiac insufficiency (NYHA I-Ⅳ)[心功能不全（I~Ⅳ级）]•intractable heart failure[顽固性（难治性）心衰]•artificial cardiac pacing[人工心脏起搏]•subclavian steal syndrome[锁骨下动脉窃血综合征]•pulselessness disease[无脉症]•myocardial bridging[肌桥]•postpericardiostomy syndrome[心脏损伤后综合征]•cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)[心肺复苏]•aortic arch syndrome[主动脉弓综合征](2)呼吸内科疾病[lung diseases]•silicosis[矽肺]•acute (chronic) bronchitis[急（慢）性支气管炎]•tracheobronchitis[气管-支气管炎]•bronchial asthma[支气管哮喘]•status asthmatics[哮喘持续状态]•bronchiectasis[支气管扩张]•upper respiratory tract infection[上呼吸道感染]•lung fibrosis[肺纤维化]•allergic airway inflammation[变应反应性气道炎症]•bacterial (viral, mycoplasma, reckettsia, radiaton) pneumonia[细菌性（病毒性，支原体，立克次体，放射性）肺炎]•community acquited pneumonia(CAP)[社区获得性肺炎]•pneumococcal (sta phylococcal, streptococcal, gram-negative bacillus) pneumonia[肺炎球菌（葡萄球菌，链球菌，革兰氏阴性杆菌）肺炎]•influenza (common cold)[流行性（普遍）感冒]•pulmonary candidiasis (aspergillosis, mucormycosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, nocardiosis)[肺念球菌（曲菌、毛霉菌，组织胞浆菌，放线菌，奴长菌）病]•pulmo nary mycosis[肺真菌病]•cryptococcosis[肺隐球菌病]•lung abscess[肺脓肿]•anaphylactic pneumonia (Leoffer`s syndrome)[过敏性肺炎（吕弗琉综合征）]•extrinsic allergic alveolitis[外源性过敏性肺泡炎]•pulmonary eosinophia(eosinophilosis)[肺嗜酸粒细胞浸润症]•chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[慢性阻塞性肺病]•obstructive pulmonary emphysema[阻塞性肺气肿]•pulmonary embolism (PE)[肺栓塞]•pulmonary vascular thrombosis [肺血管血栓形成]•pulmonary edema[肺水肿]•respiratory failure (type I/II) [呼吸衰竭（I、II型）]•adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)[成人呼吸窘迫综合征]•lung (pul monary) tuberculosis[肺结核]•miliary TB [粟粒性肺结核]•endobronchial tuberculosis[支气管内膜结核]•pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[胞泡蛋白沉积症]•pulmonary encephalopathy[肺性脑病]•sleep apnea syndrome[睡眠呼吸暂停综合征]•respiratory alkalosis (acidosis)[呼吸性碱（酸）中毒]•acute lung injury[急性肺损伤]•interstitial lung disease[间质性肺病]•dry (exudative) tuberculosis pleuritis (pleurisy)[干性（渗出性）结核性胸膜炎] •empyema[脓胸]•pleural effusion [胸腔积液]•Legionella pneumonia(LP)[军团菌肺炎]•drug-induced lung disease[药物性肺病]•sarcoidosis[结节病]•pneumothorax[气胸]•lung eosi nophilic granuloma [肺嗜酸细胞肉芽肿]•primary mediastinal tumor[原发性纵隔肿瘤]•pleural mesothelioma[胸膜间皮瘤]•primary bronchogenic carcinoma[原发性支气管肺癌]•small cell lung cancer [小细胞肺癌]•metastatic tumor (carcinoma) of lung[肺结移瘤（癌）]•lung fibroma[肺纤维瘤]•undifferentiated ca rcinoma of lung[肺未分化癌]•paraneoplastio syndrome[副癌综合征]•bronchial adenoma[支气管腺瘤]•pulmonary hamartoma[肺错构瘤]•bronchogenic cyst [支气管囊肿]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•middle lobe syndrome [肺中叶综合征]•cor pulmonale[肺心病]•pueumosclerosis[肺硬化]•lober atelectasis[肺叶不张]•pu lmonary lobectomy[肺叶切除术]•pulmonary hypertension[肺高压]•angio-pneumography[肺血管造影术]•foreign body in lung[肺异物]•intratracheal foreign body[气管内异物]•hyaline membrane disease[肺透明膜病]•lung consolidation[肺实变]•lung sequestration[肺内隔离症]•tracheostomy (tracheotomy)[气管造口（切开）术]•endotracheal intubation[气管插管术](3)消化内科疾病[GI diseases]•stenosis of esophagus[食管狭窄]•esophageal atresia[食道闭锁]•esophageal and gastric varices (varicosis) [食管-胃静脉曲张]•hiatus hernia[食管裂孔疝]•diverticulum of esophagus[食管憩室]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•reflux esophagitis[反流性食管炎]•esophageal achalasia[食道贲门失弛缓症]•esophageal perforation[食管穿孔]•benign esophageal tumor[食管良性肿瘤]•esophageal mucosa erosion[食管粘膜糜烂]•esophageal polyp[食管息肉]•foreign body in esophagus[食管异物]•congenital esophageal anomaly[食管先天性畸形]•Barrett esophagus [Barrett 食管]•acute simple (corrosive, phlegmonous, hemorrhagic erosive) gastritis[急性单纯性（腐蚀性，化脓性，糜烂出血性）胃炎]•chronic superficial (atrophic,hypertrophic, erosive) gastritis[慢性浅表性（萎缩性，肥厚性，糜烂性）胃炎]•bile regurgitation gastritis[胆汁反流性胃炎]•peptic ulcer[消化性溃疡]医学全在线•gastric ulcer[胃溃疡]•prolapse of gastric mucosa[胃粘膜脱垂]•gastrinoma (zollinger-Ellison syndrome) [胃泌素瘤（卓-艾综合征）]•acute gastric dilation[急性胃扩张]•gastric retention[胃潴留]•postgastrectomy syndrome[胃切除术后综合征]•gastroduodenoscopy[胃十二指肠镜检查]•polyp of stomach (intestinal tract)[胃（肠道）息肉]•carcinoma (benign tumor, leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma) of stomach[胃癌（良性肿瘤，平滑肌肉瘤，恶性淋巴瘤）]•foreign body of stomach [胃内异物]•dumping syndrom e[倾倒综合征]•late postprandial hypoglycemia[餐后低血糖症]•stomal ulcer[吻合口溃疡]•syndrome of the gastric remnant[残胃综合征]•duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡]•duodenitis[十二指肠炎]•upper (lower) gastrointestinal bleeding[上（下）消化道出血]•crohn disease[克隆病]•intestinal tuberculosis[肠结核]•acute hemorrhage necrotizing enteritis[急性出血性坏死性肠炎]•intestinal malabsorption syndrome[小肠吸收不良综合征]•enteric volvulus[小肠扭转]•small intestinal (duodenal) stasis syndrome[小肠（十二指肠）淤滞综合征]•adhesion of small intestine[小肠粘连]•short bowel syndrome[短肠综合征]•malignant (benign) tumor of small intestine[小肠恶（良）性肿瘤]•carcinoid tumor (carcinoid syndrome)[类癌（类癌综合征）]•intestinal fibroma (sarcoma, diverticulum, diverticulitis)[小肠纤维瘤（肉瘤，憩室，憩室炎）] •enteritis[小肠炎]•ulcerative colitis[溃疡性结肠炎]•intestinal obstruction[肠梗阻]•carcinoma of the colon (rectum)[结（直）肠癌]•gastrointestinal neurosis[胃肠神经宫能症]•irritable bowel syndrome[肠易激综合征]•motility diarrhea [肠运动功能异常性腹泻]•functional constipation (gastrointestinal disorders)[功能性便秘（胃肠病）]•functional dyspepsia [功能性消化不良]•intestinal allergic purpu ra[小肠过敏性紫癜]•tuberculous peritonitis[结核性腹膜炎]•chronic diarrhea[慢性腹泻]•inflammatory bowel disease (diarrhea)[炎症性肠病（腹泻）]•spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)[自发性细菌性腹膜炎]•Helicobacter Pylori(HP)[幽门螺旋杆菌]•toxic magacolon [中毒性巨结肠]•acute (chronic) hepatitis[急（慢）性肝炎]•drug-induced liver disease[药物性肝病]•post hepatitis (schistosomal, alcoholic) cirrhosis[肝炎后（血吸虫性，酒精性）肝硬化] •nodular (biliary) cirrhosis[结节（胆汁）性肝硬化]•alcoholic liver disease [酒精性肝病]•primary carcinoma of the liver [原发性肝癌]•hepatocellular carcinoma[肝细胞癌]•hepatocellular jaundice[肝细胞性黄疸]•hepatic fibrosis[肝纤维化]•hepatic encephalopathy[肝性脑病]•hepatic cyst [肝囊肿]•carvernous hemangioma[海绵状血管瘤]•hepatic coma [肝性昏迷]•acute (chronic) hepatic failure [急（慢）性肝功能衰竭]•portal hypertension[门脉高压]•hepatorenal syndr ome[肝肾综合征]•liver parasitosis (abscess, aneurysm, hamartoma)[肝寄生虫病（脓肿，动脉瘤，错构瘤）] •cholecystitis[胆囊炎]•cholelithiasis[胆囊结石]•cholecystic carcinoma[胆囊癌]•cholangiohepatoma[胆管细胞癌]•cholestatic jaundice[胆汁淤积性黄疸]•pancreatic cyst(pseudocyst)[胰腺（假性）囊肿]•pancreati tis[胰腺炎]•acute necrotising (interstitial) pancreatitis[急性坏死（水肿）型胰腺炎] •pancreatic carcinoma[胰腺癌]•insulinoma (gastrinoma)[胰岛素（胃泌素）瘤]•retroperitoneal tumor(abscess)[后腹膜肿瘤（脓肿）] •hypersplenism [脾亢]•fatty liver[脂肪肝](4)神经内科疾病[neurological diseases]•optic neuritis[视神经炎]•trigeminal neuralgia[三叉神经痛]•facial neuritis[面神经炎]•meniere`s disease[美尼尔尼症]•polyneuritis[多发性神经炎]•sciatica(ischialgia)[坐骨神经痛]•garpal tunnel syndrome[腕管综合征]•acute (purulent) myelitis[急性（化脓性）脊髓炎]•syringomyelia[脊髓空洞症]•hereditary atexia[遗传性共济失调症]•compression of spinal cord[脊髓压迫症]•bifid spine[脊柱裂]•transverse injury of spinal cord[脊髓横贯性损伤]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•myelocyst[脊髓囊肿]•myelocele[脊髓膨出]•deformity of spine[脊柱畸形]•migraine[偏头痛]•vascular headache[血管性头痛]•headache due to muscular co ntraction[肌肉收缩性头痛] •traumatic headache[外伤性头痛]•epilepsy[癫痫]•focal seizure[局限性发作]•grand mal[大发作]•petit mal[小发作]•status epilepticus[癫痫持续状态]•transient ischemic attack(TIA)[短暂脑缺血发作]•cerebral embolism(infarction, hemorrhage)[脑栓塞（梗塞，出血）]•subarachnoid hem orrhage(SAH)[蛛网膜下腔出血]•encephalitis (encephalopathy)[脑炎（脑病）]•delayed neuropathy (encephalopathy)[迟发性神经病（脑病）]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•cerebral echinococcosis[脑包虫病]•cerebral aneurysm[脑动脉瘤]•hydrocephalus[脑积水]•cerebroma[脑瘤]•cerebromalacia[脑软化]•intracerebral he matoma[脑内血肿]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•postconcussion syndrome[脑震荡后综合征]•neuroglioma[神经胶质瘤]•meningioma[脑膜瘤]•neurofibroma [神经纤维瘤]•neurinoma[神经鞘瘤]•brain abscess[脑脓肿]•intracranial hypertension[颅内高压]•arkinson`s disease(paralysis agitans)[帕金森氏病（震颤麻痹）]•hepatolenticular degeneration [肝豆状核变性]•athetosis[手足徐动症]•spasmodic torticollis[痉挛性斜颈]•myasthenia gravis[重症肌无力]•periodic paralysis[周期性麻痹]•progressive muscular dys trophy[进行性肌营养不良症]•Bell paralysis[贝耳氏面瘫]•chorea minor (rheumatic caorea) [小舞蹈病]•polymyositis[多发性肌炎]•inclusion body myositis[包涵体肌炎]•dermatomositis[皮肌炎]•Hypothalamus syndrome[下丘脑综合征](5)血液科疾病[hematological diseases]•iron deficiency (megaloblastic, apl astic, hemolytic) anemia[缺铁性（巨幼细胞性，再生障碍性，溶血性）贫血]•pernicious (refeactory) anemia[恶性（难治性）贫血]•paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)[阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形细胞增多症]•favism[蚕豆病]医学全在线网站•thalassemia[地中海贫血]•sickle cell disease[镰刀细胞病]•methemoglobinemia[高铁血红蛋白血症]•hemolytic disease of newborn[新生儿溶血症]•autoimmune hemolytic anemia (ATH)[自身免疫性溶血性贫血]•post-hemorrhagic anemia[失血性贫血]•leukopenia (agranulocytosis)[白（粒）细胞减少（缺乏）症]•po lycythemia vera [真性红细胞增多症]•eosinophilia[嗜酸性粒细胞增多症]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形红细胞增多症]•acute (chronic) myelocytic (lymphocytic) leukemia [急（慢）性粒（淋巴）细胞性白血病] •acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)[急性非淋巴细胞性白血病]•acute monocytic leukemia [急性单核细胞性白血病]•acu te promyelocytic leukemia[急性早幼粒细胞性白血病]•chloroma[绿色瘤]•plasma-cell(megakaryocytic) leukemia[浆（巨核）细胞性白血病]•hairy cell leukemia[多毛细胞白血病]•preleukemia[白血病前期]•leukemoid reaction[类白血病反应]•myelofibrosis[骨髓纤维化]•McCune-Albright syndrome[多发性骨纤维营养不良]•primary thro mbocythemia[原发性血小板增多症]•Hodgkin disease[何杰金氏病]•non-Hodgkin lymphoma[非何杰金氏淋巴瘤]•multiple myeloma(MM)[多发性骨髓瘤]•eosinophilic granuloma[嗜酸性肉芽肿]•malignant histiocytosis[恶性组织细胞病]•hypersplenism[脾功能亢进症]•anaphylactoid (Henoch-Schonlein) purpura[过敏性紫癜]•idiopath ic (selondary) thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)[原发（继发）性血小板减少性紫癜] •hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张] •thrombasthenia (thrombopathia)[血小板无力症（病）]•von Willebrand disease (VWD)[血管性假血友病]•hereditary (acquired) hypofibrinogenemia[遗传性（获得性）纤维蛋白原缺乏症] •disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)[弥漫性血管内凝血]•myelodysplastic syndrome[骨髓增生异常综合征]•myeloproliferation disease[骨髓增生性疾病]•osteoporosis (OP) [骨质疏松症]•heterogenous (autologous) bone marrow transplantation[异体（自体）骨髓移位] •hemapoietic stem cell (cord bl ood) transplantation (HSCT)[造血干细胞（脐血）移植] •hypercoagulable states (hypercoagulability)[高凝状态](6)肾内科疾病[nephrological diseases]•multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)[多器官功能障碍综合征]•acute renal failure pre-renal (post-renal)[肾前（后）性急性肾衰]•（non）oliguric acute renal failure[（非）少尿型急性肾衰]•acute tublar necrosis[急性肾小管坏死]•chronic renal failure[慢性肾衰]•uremia[尿毒症]•azotemia[氮质血症]•acute(chronic)nephritis(glomerulonephritis)[急性(慢性)肾炎（肾小球肾炎）]•crescentric glomerulonephritis[新月体性肾炎]•pulmonary-renal (Goodpasture )syndrome[肺出血肾炎综合征]•latent (focal) glomerulonephritis[隐匿（局灶）性肾炎]•malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis[恶性肾小动脉硬化]•rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis[急进性肾小球肾炎]•proliferative (sclerosing) glomerulonephritis[增生性（硬化性）肾炎]•mesangial proliferative (capillary) glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性（毛细血管性）肾炎] •membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性肾炎]•hereditary nephritis[遗传性肾炎]•interstitial nephritis[间质性肾炎]•endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis[毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎]•tubulointerstitial nephritis[肾小管间质性肾炎]•membra nous nephropathy[膜性肾病]•nephrotic syndrome[肾病综合征]•renal artery stenosis (embolism)[肾动脉狭窄（栓塞）]•renal vein thrombosis[肾静脉血栓形成]•renal tubular acidosis[肾小管性酸中毒]•nephrogenic diabetes insipidus[肾性尿崩症]•yelonephritis [肾盂肾炎]•polycystic kidney[多囊肾]•nephrolithiasis[肾积石]•diabetic(hypertensive,lupus) nephropathy[糖尿病（高血压，狼疮）性肾病]•minimal change nephropathy[微小病变性肾病]•hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)[溶血性尿毒症综合征]（7）内分泌科疾病[endocrine diseases]•hypothalamus (empty sella) syndrome[下丘脑（空泡蝶鞍）综合征]•hypopituitarism[腺垂体功能减退症]•pituitary dwarfism[垂体性侏儒症]•hypothalamic-pituitary amenorrhea[下丘脑-垂体性闭经]•Simons (Sheenhan) disease[西蒙（席汉）氏病]•gigantism (acromegaly)[巨人（肢端肥大）症]•pituitary tumor[垂体瘤]•central diabetes insipidus[中枢性尿崩症]•adrenal crisis (acute adrenocortical hypofunction)[肾上腺危象（急性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）] •Addison’s disease(chronic adrenocortical hypofunction)[阿狄森氏病（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）] •congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)[先天性肾上腺皮质增生]•syndrome of i nappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)[抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征] •Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)[柯兴氏综合征（皮质醇增多症）]•primary (secondary) aldosteronism[原（继）发性醛固酮增多症]•pheochromocytoma[嗜铬细胞瘤]•hyperthyroidism(hypothyroidism)[甲亢（甲减）]•subclinical hype rthyroidism[亚临床甲亢]•simple (toxic diffuse, toxic multinodular) toiter[单纯性（毒性弥漫性，毒性多结节性）甲状腺肿] •autonomic hyperfunctional adenoma[自主性功能亢进性甲状腺瘤]•T3(T4)-thgrotoxicosis [T3 (T4)型甲亢]•acute (chronic lymphocytic, subacute) thyroiditis[急性（慢性淋巴细胞性，亚急性）甲状腺炎] •Hashi moto thyroiditis[桥本甲状腺炎]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma, nodule)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌，结节）]•hyper (hypo) thyroid heart disease[甲亢（减）性心脏病]•thyrotoxic myopathy (exophthalmos,encephalopathy)[甲状腺素毒性肌病（突眼，脑病）] •thyrotoxic (parathyroid) crisis[甲状（旁）腺危象]•hyperthyroidsim crisis[甲亢危象]•hypo-(hyper-) parathyroidism[甲状旁腺功能减退（亢进）]•total (subtotal, partial) thyroidectomy[甲状腺全部（次全，部分）切除术]•goitrous cretinism[甲状腺肿呆小症]•thyreoprival tetany[甲状腺切除后手足搐搦]•premenstrual tension[经前紧张症]•menopausal syndrome[绝经期综合征]•oophoritic (ovarian) poly cyst[卵巢多发性囊肿]•pinealoma (pinealocytoma)[松果体瘤]•gynaecomastia[男性乳房发育症]•diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)[糖尿病酮症酸中毒]•diabetic hyperosmotic coma[糖尿病高渗性昏迷]•nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma[糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷]•lactic acidosis[乳酸性酸中毒]•diabetic microangiopathy (macr oangiopathy, nephropathy)[糖尿病性微血管病变（大血管病变，肾病）] •hypoglycemia[低血糖症]•glucagonoma[胰高糖素瘤]•β-cell tumor of pancrease islet[胰岛β细胞瘤]•insulinoma [胰岛素瘤]•hepatogenous (alcoholic, reactive, drug-induced) hypoglycemia[肝源性（酒精性，反应性，药物性）低血糖]•insulin resistance syndr ome[胰岛素抵抗综合征]•obesity[肥胖症]•glycogen storage disease[糖原累积病]•xanthoma[黄色瘤]•gout (hyperuricemia) [痛风（高尿酸血症）]•porphyria [血卟啉病]•hemochromatosis[血色病]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•osteoporosis[骨质疏松]•hyperlipoproteinemia[高脂蛋白血症]•hypercholesterolemia[高胆固醇血症]•hyper triglyceridemia[高甘油三酯血症]•hyperlipemia[高脂血症]•rheumatoid arthritis[类风湿性关节炎]•still disease[幼年型类风关]•Felty (Reiter) syndrome[弗尔提（赖特尔）综合征]•systemic (discoid) lupus erythematosus (SLE/DLE)[系统性（盘型）红斑狼疮] •dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•Sjog ren`s syndrome [干燥综合征]•ankylosing spondylitis[强直性脊柱炎]•seronegative spondyloarthropathy[血清阴性脊柱关节病]•scleroderma[硬皮病]•polyarteritis[结节性多动脉炎]•Wegener`s granulomatosis[韦格纳肉芽肿]•candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome[念珠菌-内分泌病综合征] •abnormal glucose tolerance[糖耐量异常]•psoriatic arthritis[银屑病关节炎](8)精神病科疾病[psychosis]•mental disturbance[精神障碍]•general paralysis of insanity[麻痹性痴呆]•infective (toxic, physical) psychosis[感染性（中毒性，躯体性）精神病] •somopsychosis[躯体性精神病]•senile (presenile) dementia [老年性（老年前期）痴呆]•Traumatic ps ychosis [外伤性精神病]•schizophrenia[精神分裂症]•menic-depression (affective psychosis)[狂躁抑郁症（情感性精神病）] •involutional melancholia[更年期忧郁症]•menopausal syndrome[更年期综合征]•reactive (psychogenic) psychosis[反应性（心因性）精神病]•paranoid psychosis (paranoia, paranoid)[偏执性精神病（偏执狂，类偏执狂）] •neurosis (nervous exhausation) [神经官能症（神经衰弱）]•anxiety (obsession) [焦虑（强迫）症]•hysteria[癔症]医学全在线网站•mental retardation (obigophrenia)[精神发育不全]•offective disorder[情感障碍]•anorexia nervosa[神经性厌食]•anxious mania[焦虑性躁狂]•aquaphobia[恐水症]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•dilirious mania[谵妄性躁狂]•organic (inborn, traumatic) dementia[器质性（先天性，外伤性）痴呆]•fugue[神游症]•fetishism[恋物癖]•exhibitionism[露阴癖]•voyeurism[窥淫癖]•transvestism[易装癖]•pica[异食症]•schizoid pe rsonality[人格分裂](9)皮肤科疾病[skin diseases]•contact (autosensitive, allergic, seborreic, atopic, diaper, infections eczematoid, light sensitive) dermatitis[接触性（自身致敏性，过敏性，脂溢性，遗传过敏性，尿布，传染性湿疹样，光敏性）皮炎] •eczema[湿疹]•acute (chronic) urticaria[急（慢）性荨麻疹]•papular u rticaria[丘疹性荨麻疹]•cold (factitial, pressure, solar) urticaria[冷性（人工性，压迫性，日光性）荨麻疹] •dermatographism[皮肤划痕症]•angioedema[血管性水肿]•dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•discoid (systemic) lupus erythematosus[盘状（系统性）红斑狼疮]•foot and mouth disease[口蹄病]•drug eruption[药疹]•common warts (verruca planae, condyloma acuminata)[寻常（扁平，尖锐湿）疣]•herpes simplex[单纯疱疹]•herpes zoster[带状疱疹]•impetigo bullosa[大疱性脓疱疮]•impetigo vulgaris[寻常脓疱疮]•folliculitis[毛囊炎]•furuncle[疖]•leprosy[麻风病]•skin tuberculosis[皮肤结核]•erysipelas (erysipeloid) [（类）丹毒]•candidiasis[念珠菌病]•tinea capitis(corporis, cruris, manus, pedis, versicolor)[头（体，股，手，足，甲）癣]•primary (secondary, tertiary) syphilis[一（二、三）期梅毒]•acquired (congenital) syphilis[获得（先天）性梅毒]•scabies[疥疮]•bee sting[蜂螫]•mite dermatitis[螨皮炎]•gaterpillar derma titis[毛虫皮炎]•pruritus[瘙痒症]•neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•psoriasis [银屑病]•erythema multiform[多形性红斑]•lichen planus[扁平苔癣]•solar dermatitis[日光皮炎]•miliaria rubra[痱子]•pernio[冻疮]•clavus (callus)[鸡眼（胼胝）]•rhagadia manus et pedis[手足皲裂]•radiodermatitis[放射性皮炎]•ich thyosis[鱼鳞病]•keratoderma (keratosis)[角化病]•erythema nodosum[结节性红斑]•allergic purpura[过敏性紫癜]•circumscribed (diffuse) scleroderma[局限（弥漫）性硬皮病]•mixed connective tissue disease[混合性结缔组织病]•pemphigus (pemphigoid) [(类)天疱疮]•acne[痤疮]•rosacea[酒渣鼻]•anhidrosis (dyshidrosis, hyperhidrosis, bromidrosis)[无汗症（出汗不良，多汗症，腋臭）] •canities[白发]•alopecia areata (totalis)[斑（全）秃]•freckles (chloasma) [雀（黄褐）斑]•vitiligo [白癜疯]•nevus pigmentosus[色素痣]•mixed (intradermal) naevus [混合（皮内）痣]•hemangioma cavernosum[海锦状血管瘤]•leukoplak ia[粘膜白斑]•squamous cell carcinome in situ [原位癌]•aget`s disease[湿疹样癌]•basal cell carcinoma[基底细胞癌]•granuloma[肉芽肿]•squamous cell carcinoma[鳞状细胞癌]•allergic (nodula r, systemic) vasculitis[过敏（结节，系统）性血管炎]•ulcer [溃疡]医学全在.线提供•tuberous sclerosis[结节性硬化症]•thrush [鹅口疮]•Behcet`s syndrome[白塞（口-眼-生殖器）综合征]•sunburn[晒斑]•steatocystoma multiplex[多发性皮脂囊肿]•roseola[玫瑰疹]•pretibial myxedema[胫前粘液性水肿]•paronychia[甲沟炎]•melasma[黄褐斑]•lipoid proteinosis[类脂蛋白沉积症]•livedo reticularis[网状青斑]•hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症]•hirsutism (hypotrichosis)[多（少）毛症](10)传染科疾病[infectious diseases]•healthy (chronic, permanent, temporary) carrier[健康（慢性，终身，暂时）带菌者]•bacteremia (septicemia, pyemia, toxemia)[菌（败，脓毒，毒）血症]•septic shock [感染性休克]•upper respiratory infection (influenza, common cold)[上呼吸道感染（流感，普通感冒）]•viral myocarditis (pneumonia)[病毒性心肌炎（肺炎）]•double (cross, general) infection[双重（交叉，全身）感染]•chickenpox (varicella)[水痘]•r ubella (German mealses)[风疹]•measles[麻疹]•smallpox (variola)[天花]•herpes simplex (zoster)[单纯（带状）疱疹]•infectious lymphocytosis [传染性淋巴细胞增多症]•infectious mononucleosis[传染性单核细胞增多症]•acute viral (chronic persistent, fulminant, chronic, chronic active) hepatitis[急性病毒性（慢性迁延性，暴发性，慢性，慢性活动性）肝炎]•icteric (anicteric) hepatitis[（非）黄疸型肝炎]•viral hepatitis type A(B,C,D,E,non A and non B)[甲（乙，丙，丁，戊，非甲非乙）型肝炎] •Dengue (Dengue hemorrhagic, epidemic hemorrhagic) fever[登革（登革出血，流行性出血）热] •relapsing (rat-bite)fever[回归（鼠咬）热]•Q (ye llow, lassa ,scarlet) fever [Q （黄，拉沙，猩红）热]•rabbit fever (tularemia)[ 兔热病]•foot-mouth disease[口蹄病]•forest (influenzal) encephalitis[森林（流感性）脑炎]•panencephalitis[全脑炎]•epidemic encephalitis B[流行性乙脑]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•epidemic myalgia[流行性肌痛]•viral (human rotaviral) enteritis[病毒性（人轮状病毒性）肠炎]•epidemic parotitis (mumps)[流行性腮腺炎]•roseola infantum [婴儿玫瑰疹]•infantile diarrhea[婴儿腹泻]•rabies (hydrophobia) [狂犬病（恐水症）]•scrub typhus (tsatsugamushi disease)[恙虫病]•acute streptococcal tonsillitis[急性链球菌性扁桃体炎]•pertussis (whooping cough)[百日咳]•laryngeal (pharyngeal) diphtheria [喉（咽）白喉]•cholera[霍乱]•bacillary dysentery[菌痢]•anthrax[炭疽病]•anaerobic infection[厌氧菌感染]•kuru[库鲁病]•leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病]•mycoplasma pneumonia[支原体肺炎]•syphilis[梅毒]•Lyme diseas e[莱姆病]•rickettsia disease[立克次体病]•epidemic (endemic) typhus[流行（地方）性斑疹伤寒]•typhoid (paratyphoid) [伤寒（副伤寒）]•botulism[肉毒中毒]•bacterial food poisoning[细菌性食物中毒]•plague [ 鼠疫]•tetanus[破伤风]•leprosy[麻风]•trachoma [沙眼]•yaws[雅司]•pulmonary (bronchial, lymph nod e, intestinal, liver, renal, skin) tuberculosis[肺（支气管，淋巴结，肠，肝，肾，皮肤）结核]•tuberculous peritonitis (meningitis, pleurisy)[结核性腹膜（脑膜，胸膜）炎]•aspergillosis[曲霉菌病]•deep candidiasis[深部念珠菌病]•cryptococcosis[隐球菌病]•mucormycosis[毛霉菌病]•mycosis[真菌病]•tinea[癣]•actinomy cosis[放射菌病]•amebic liver abscess[阿米巴肝脓肿]•intestinal amebiasis[阿米巴肠病]•malaria[疟疾]•kala-azar[黑热病]•schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]•fasciolopsiasis[姜片虫病]•paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病]•taeniasis[绦虫病]•cysticercosis[囊虫病]•echinococciasis[包虫病]•filariasis[丝虫病]•ascariasis[蛔虫病]•enterobiasis[蛲虫病]•trichuriasis[鞭虫病](11)普外科疾病[surgical diseases]•furuncle (carbuncle)[疖（痈）]•cellulitis (abscess)[蜂窝织炎（脓肿）]•lymphangitis (lymphadenitis)[淋巴管（结）炎]•paronychia[甲沟（周）炎]•subungual abscess[甲下脓肿]•tenosynovitis[腱鞘炎]•dry (moist,gas) gan grene[干（湿，气）性坏疽]•necrosis (ulcer)[坏死（溃疡）]•sinus (fistula)[窦道（瘘）]•wart (cyst)[疣（囊肿）]•fibroma (neurofibrom)[（神经）纤维瘤]•imperforatus (atresia)[闭锁]•stenosis[狭窄]•dipoma (hemangioma)[脂肪（血管）瘤]•nevus (melanoma)[黑痣（黑色素瘤）]•thyroglossal cyst [甲状舌骨囊肿]•tubercul osis of cervical lymph node[颈淋巴结结核]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌）]•nodular goiter[结节性甲状腺肿]•tracheo-esophageal fistula[气管-食管瘘]•esophageal atresia (cicatricial stricture of esophagus) [食管闭锁（疤痕性狭窄）]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•esophageal adenoma (polyp,fibroma,leiomyoma)[食管腺瘤（息肉，纤维瘤，平滑肌瘤）]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•cyst of sebaceous gland[皮脂腺囊肿]•fibrosarcoma [纤维肉瘤]•adenocarcinoma[腺癌]•direct (indirect) inguinal herina[腹股沟直（斜）疝]•femoral (umbilical,incisional, internal)hernia[股（脐，切口，腹内）疝] •acute (tubercu lous) peritonitis[急性（结核性）腹膜炎]•subphrenic (pelvis) abscess[膈下（盆腔）脓肿]•retroperitoneal abscess(tumor)[后腹膜脓肿（肿瘤）]•abscess of iliac fossa[髂窝脓肿]•torsion of omentum [大网膜扭转]•gastric (duodenal) ulcer[胃（十二指肠）溃疡]•acute perforation (massive hemorrhage)[急性穿孔（大出血）]•pyloric obstruction[幽门梗阻]•polyp (adenoma, papilloma, carcinoma) of stomach[胃息肉（腺瘤，乳头状腺瘤，癌）]•gastric sarcoma[胃肉瘤]•acute dilatation of stomach [急性胃扩张]•ulcerative colitis [溃疡性结肠炎]•acute necrotizing enteritis [急性坏死性肠炎]•adhesive (adynamic, complete, incomplete, high ,low, mechanical,。
胸膜疾病ppt医学课件
渗出液:多呈草黄色,稍混浊,易有凝快,比重>1.018 血性胸水:为不同程度的洗肉水样或静脉血样 乳样胸水:多为乳糜胸 黑色胸液:可能为曲霉菌感染 巧克力色胸水:可能为阿米巴肝脓肿破溃入胸腔 黄绿色胸水:见于类风湿关节炎 胸水有臭味:厌氧菌感染
BP 正常；呼吸室内空气时， SaO2＞90%；两次呼吸间说话成 句。
➢ 不稳定性：不符合以上标准
胸部X线检查
➢ 是目前诊断气胸最重要方法。 ➢ 显示肺被压缩的程度、有无纵隔移位、胸腔
积液及胸膜粘连。 ➢ 典型气胸的X线为肺脏有一弧形外凸的阴影，
称为气胸线，线内为压缩的肺组织，线外为 无肺纹理的胸腔气体，透亮度增高。
➢ 蛋白质 漏出液:蛋白质含量<30g/L，以清蛋白为主， Rivalta试验(-)
渗出液:蛋白质含量>30g/L，胸液/血清蛋白 比值>0.5，Rivalta试验(+)
➢ 酶学检查
乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）: 反应胸膜的炎症程度，其值越高表明炎症越明显； 渗出液LDH>200IU/L，胸水/血清LDH/0.6； 恶性胸液LDH明显增高，如>500IU/L，常提示
➢ 张力性（高压性）气胸：破裂口形成单向 呈活瓣或活塞作用，吸气时活瓣开启，气 体进入胸膜腔，呼气时活瓣关闭胸膜腔内 气体不能排出，致使胸膜腔空气越集越多， 内压持续升高，使肺受压，纵隔移向健侧， 影响心脏血液回流。抽气后压力暂下降而 又很快复升。
临床表现
症状
➢ 诱因：持重物、屏气、剧烈体力活动等。 ➢ 症状的轻重与气胸的类型、与肺功能状态、与
恶性肿瘤或胸水并发细菌感染
腺苷脱氨酶ADA： ADA在淋巴细胞中含量较高，结核性胸膜炎时胸
各种疾病的英文
各种疾病的英文PART1:=各种疾病的英文=咳嗽coughing 肝炎hepatitis 癌症cancer 心脏病heart disease/attack Acidosis 酸中毒Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚—斯氏综合症alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒alkalosis 碱中毒anaphylaxis 过敏症anemia 贫血iron deficie ncy an emia 缺铁性贫血megaloblastic an emia 巨幼红细胞性贫血aplastic an emia 再生障碍性贫血an giitis脉管炎angina pectoris 心绞痛arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化apoplexy 中风auricular fibrillati on 心房纤颤auriculo-ve ntricular block 房室传导阻滞bron chial asthma 支气管哮喘bron chitis 支气管炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bron chop neum onia 支气管肺炎carcinoma 癌cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊舌L cardiac failure 心力衰竭cardiomyopathy 心肌病cirrhosis 肝硬化coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏病Crohn disease 克罗恩病Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合症diabetes 糖尿病diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血dyse ntery 痢疾enteritis 肠炎gastric ulcer 胃溃疡gastritis 胃炎gout 痛风hepatitis 肝炎Hodgkin's disease 霍奇金病hyperlipemia高脂血症，血脂过多hyperparathyroidism甲状旁腺功能亢进hypersple nism 脾功能亢进hypertension 高血压hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进hypoglycemia 低血糖hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退in fectiveen docarditis 感染性心内膜炎in flue nza 流感leukemia 白血病lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎lymphoma 淋巴瘤malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良measles 麻疹myeloma 骨髓瘤myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocarditis 心肌炎nephritis 肾炎nephritic syndrome 肾综合症obstructive pulm onary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿pancreatitis 胰腺炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡peritonitis 腹膜炎pleuritis 胸膜炎pneumonia 肺炎pneumothorax 气胸purpura 紫癜allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜thrombocytolytic purpura血小板减少性紫癜pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎renal failure肾功能衰竭rheumatic fever 风湿病rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症syphilis 梅毒tachycardia 心动过速tumour 肿瘤typhoid 伤寒ulcerativecolitis 溃疡性结肠炎upper gastr oin testi nal hemorrhage 上消化道血Neurology 神经科brain abscess 脑脓肿cerebral embolism 脑栓塞cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血con cussi on of brain脑震荡craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤epilepsy癫痫intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤in tracra nial hematoma 颅内血肿meningitis 脑膜炎migraine 偏头痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱neurosis 神经官能症paranoid psychosis 偏执性精神病Parki nso n's disease 帕金森综合症psychosis 精神病schizophrenia 精神分裂症Surgery 夕卜科abdominal externalhernia 腹外疝acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎acute pan creatitis A急性胰腺炎acute perforati on of gastro-duode nal ulcer 急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孑L acute pyel on ephritis急性肾盂肾炎anal fissure 肛裂analfistula 肛工痿anesthesia 麻醉angioma 血管瘤appendicitis 阑尾炎bleeding ofgastro-duode nal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血bone tumour 骨肿瘤breast adenoma 孚L 房腺瘤burn 烧伤cancer of breast 乳腺癌carbuncle 痈carcinoma of colon 结肠炎carc in oma of esophagus 食管癌carc in oma of gallbladder 胆囊癌carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌carcinoma of stomach 胃癌cholecystitis 胆囊炎cervical spondylosis颈椎病choledochitis胆管炎cholelithiasis 胆石症chondroma软骨瘤dislocation of joint 关节脱位erysipelas 丹毒fracture 骨折furuncle 疖hemorrhoid 痔hemothorax 血胸hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核lipoma 脂肪瘤lithangiuria 尿路结石liver abscess 肝脓肿melanoma 黑色素瘤osseous tuberculosis 骨结核osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤osteoporosis 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Paget's disease 佩吉特病perianorecrtal abscess 肛管直肠周围脓肿phlegmon 蜂窝织炎portal hyperte nsion 门静脉高压prostatitis 前列腺炎protrusion of in tervertebral disc 椎间盘突出purule ntarthritis 化脓性关节炎pyoge nic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎pyothorax 脓胸rectal polyp 直肠息肉rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎rupture of splee n脾破裂scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎tetanus 破伤风thromboa ngiitis 血栓性脉管炎thyroidade no care inoma 甲状腺腺癌thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trauma 创伤urinary infection 泌尿系感染varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张Paediatrics 丿儿科acute militarytuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核acute n ecrotic en teritis 急性坏死性结肠炎an aphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜ancylostomiasis 钩虫病ascariasis 蛔虫病asphyxia of the n ewbor n 新生儿窒息atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损birth injury 产伤cephalhematoma 头颅血肿cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈convulsion 惊厥Dow n's syn drome 唐氏综合症glomerul on ephritis 肾小球肾炎hemophilia 血友病infan tile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻intracranial hemorrhage of the n ewbor n 新生儿颅内出血in tussuscepti on肠套叠necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎neon atal jau ndice新生儿黄疸nu triti on al iron deficie ncyan emia 营养性缺铁性贫血n utritio nal megaloblastic an emia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血pate nt ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎prematureinfant 早产儿primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核progressive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌肉营养不良pulm onary ste no sis肺动脉狭窄purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎rickets 佝偻病sepsis of the n ewbor n 新生儿败血症teta nus of thenewborn 新生儿破伤风tetralogy of Fallot法洛四联症thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎varicella 水痘ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Gyn ecology and Obstetrics 妇，产科aborti on 流产ade no myosis 子宫内膜异位症amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Bartholin's cyst 巴氏腺囊肿carcinoma ofcervix 子宫颈癌carcinoma ofendometrium 子宫内膜癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cervicitis 宫颈炎chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿dystocia 难产eclampsia 子痫edema-protei nu ria-hyperte nsion syndrome 水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征（妊娠高血压综合征）en dometriosis 子宫内膜异位症extrauteri ne preg nancy 子宫外孕hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐in fertility 不育症irregular menstruation 月经失调lochia 恶露monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠myoma ofuterus 子宫肿瘤oligohydramnios 羊水过少ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎placentaprevia 前置胎盘placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离pregnancy-hypertension syn drome 妊娠高血压综合症prematurebirth 早产premature rupture of membrane 胎膜早破postpartumhemorrhage 产后出血puerperal infection产褥感染rupture of uterus 子宫破裂trichom onas vagi nitis 滴虫性阴道炎uteroplace ntal apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中vulvitis 夕卜阴炎Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科amblyopia弱视amygdalitis, tonsillitis 扁桃体炎astigmatism 散光carcinoma of nasopharynx 鼻咽癌carcinoma of larynx喉癌cataract 白内障tinnitus 耳鸣chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿colour blindness 色盲deflection of nasalseptum 鼻中隔偏曲deafness 聋furuncle of nasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖glaucoma 青光眼heterotropia 斜视hyperopia 远视injury of cornea 角膜损伤ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞iritis 虹膜炎keratitis 角膜炎labyrinthitis 迷路炎，内耳炎laryn gitis 喉炎PART2:=用英语描述疾病=⑴一般病情:He feels headache, n ausea and vomiti ng.（他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
呼吸科常用英文
呼吸科常用英文询问病史case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s health status, menorrhea (menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history (any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children)常用的症状symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum (dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise 不舒服myalgia 肌痛insomia 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia 发声困难常见的体征physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal and transversecurvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPa peripheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retentionasterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal spacetactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonancedullnessflatnesshyperresonancetympanylower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal spacerange of mobilityAuscultation:vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexia恶病质，cachectic恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退常做的检查examinations or laboratory findings(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)temperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature)sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood testBlood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytologyPulse oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncturePaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemiarespiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular (sedatives, myasthenia), structural (ankylosing spondylitis), pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节)coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)opacification浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):confluent shadowing and air bronchogramcollapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)segmental atelactasispleural effusionmediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysmChest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography)Abdominal ultrasoundskin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test : Spirometry 呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration)bronchoprovocation/challenge test 支气管激发试验：histamine or methacholine-inhalationbronchodilatation支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇fiberoptic bronchoscopy: biopsies, bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings)bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)protected specimen brush (PStransthoracic percutaneous needle aspirationpercutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)pulmonary angiographyDoppler USS thigh and pelvis (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感pharynigitis 咽炎acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic预防性, remedial治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂bronchodilatorB2-agonists: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱steroids inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德，beclomethasone倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamidecardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂albumin 白蛋白antitussive agents 镇咳药ammonium chloride 氯化铵ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae鼻导管，Venturi face-mask nebulizer喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-tight-fitting mask (non-invasive)intermittent positive-pressure ventilation ( IPPV)non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV)mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive(via intubation插管，tracheostomy 气管造口术，tracheotomy 气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic囊性的/varicose曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibiotics surgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural bleb ruputurelactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy ,esp. biopsy types: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex shift contralaterallyCXR: translucency +collapse: visible rim between lung and chest wall＞2 cm =＞50% lung volume lossaspiration吸引术，intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent: pleurodesis, pleurectomy, bulla stapling or laseringpleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L or pleura: serum protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .Exudate渗出液：capillary permeability increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus-shaped,rises towards axillaAppearance: clear ,straw-coloured: suggests transduateturbid, green: indicates exudates(pus cells) or empyema (bacterial infection)bloody( haemothorax血胸): tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis, traumawhite( chylothorax乳糜胸)：lymph ,blocked thoracic duct, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage (thoracocentesis)intrathoracic streptokinase via chest drain: to lyse fibrinous adhesionspleural adhesion: tetracycline. bleomycinlung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsydysphagiapancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ganglion resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathysuperior vena cava obstruction (SVCO): headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival edema, plethora, vein dilation, pericardial tamponade( JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine( ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaecomastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma),skin（dermatomyositis）immunocompromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia( PTH-rp secretion)adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes commonbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy ( etoposide + cisplatin)secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck(+colon if liver metastasis), melanoma, bone (sarcoma), thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells (O2↓,patient awakes from sleep), awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity( fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm),structural features of upper airway (nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical masses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis), smoking( exacerabates hypoxia), alcohol (acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone),neuromuscular or CNS diseases PSG( polysommography): overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)mandibular advancement device (MAD)adenoidectomy （curative in children）uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased compliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assemblyvancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesisamikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
胸膜疾病 PPT精品课件
1、胸腔积液 pleural effusion (hydrothorax )
2、自发性气胸 spontaneous pneumothorax
pleural effusion (hydrothorax )
概念 胸膜:脏层胸膜visceral pleura ; 壁层胸膜parietal
tomography) Biopsy of pleura 胸膜活检 BFS (bronchofibroscope)支气管镜 胸腔镜或开胸活检：thoracoscope or thoracic
biopsy
Laboratory findings and imaging
一、胸腔积液-----常规检查routine examination 1、外观： 漏出液transudates：透明清亮，比重<1.018 静置不凝固 渗出液exudates: 草黄色浑浊，比重> 1.018 静置凝固
34 cmH2O 胶体渗透压
（血浆）
液体再吸收压力梯度
34－（5＋8＋11）＝10cmH2O
脏层胸膜厚的动物
壁层胸膜
parietal pleura capillaries of systemic circulation
30 cmH2O 静水压
胸膜腔 pelural cavity 负压 5cmH2O
aetiology and pathogenesis (etiopathogenisis)
2、胸膜毛细血管通透性增加： exudates （渗出液）
胸膜炎（细菌性、结核性） 胸膜肿瘤 结缔组织病 等等
aetiology and pathogenesis (etiopathogenisis)
pleural disease 胸膜疾病
Zhou Liu Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center
Pleural Disease
• Epidemiology（流行病学）: 300/100,000 each year
Fig. 14 (A) A soft tissue mass in a MPD case. (B) A soft-tissue mass with circumferentially pleural involvement in a MPM case.
Malignant Pleural Thickening 恶性胸膜增厚
Fig. 8 Irregular pleural thickening with pleural rind appearance in a patient caused by pleural tuberculosis.
Empyema（脓胸）
C Fig.9 B. Increased subpleural fat tissue in a case with empyema C. CT showing empyema and “split pleura” sign（胸膜分离征）
Post-talc pleurodesis 滑石粉胸腔固定术后
“Sandwich”
Fig. 11 A: CT post-talc on left circumferential nodular pleural thickening involving the mediastinal surface with high density elements (white arrows). B: PET scan demonstrating activity post-talc pleurodesis (black arrow).
胸膜疾病的诊断与治疗
壁层胸膜
胸膜腔
脏层胸膜
静水压30
腔内负压 -5
24
胶体渗透压34 结果 35-29=6
胶体渗透压 +5 29-29=0
34
胸液循环与有关压力(cmH2O)关系示意图
根据胸腔积液的发病机制
胸膜毛细血管内静水压增高 胸膜毛细血管通透性增加 胸膜毛细血管胶体渗透压降低 胸膜淋巴引流障碍 损伤性 血胸、脓胸、乳糜胸 医源性
胸膜疾病
胸腔积液
(pleural effusions)
概述
胸膜腔是位于肺和胸壁之间的一个潜在 的腔隙。 正常情况下脏层胸膜和壁层胸膜表面上 有一层很薄的液体，起润滑作用。 胸腔内液体处于动态平衡。 任何因素使胸膜腔内液体形成过快或吸 收过缓，产生胸水。
胸膜腔示意图
概述
呼吸内科疾病25%－30%与胸膜病变有关 结核性胸腔积液是我国最常见的胸腔积液，恶 性胸腔积液居第二位 美国报道内科重症监护病房62%的患者伴有胸 腔积液 肺癌、乳腺癌和淋巴瘤是恶性胸腔积液最常见 的3大病因，分别占48.6%，20.6%和8.7%
胸腔镜检查：阳性率可达70%-90%
胸腔积液的诊断要点
⑴有无胸腔积液
①症状和体征 ②X线检查 ③超声波检查
⑵渗出液和漏出液的鉴别
胸穿抽液
漏出性胸腔积液 渗出性胸腔积液
Light标准： 胸液蛋白/血清蛋白 >0.5 胸液LDH>血清LDH上限 的2/3或>200 IU/L
血性胸腔积液
B超：定性、定量、定位
经皮胸膜活检：阳性率40%-75%
胸膜活检
1、鉴别有无肿瘤及判定胸膜肉芽肿病变， 必要时经胸腔镜活检； 2、结核病时，病理检查及结核菌培养； 3、脓胸或有出血倾向时不宜活检。
呼吸内科常用英文汇总
呼吸内科常用英文汇总询问病史case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s health status, menorrhea (menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history (any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children)常用的症状symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum (dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise 不舒服myalgia 肌痛insomia 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia 发声困难常见的体征physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal and transverse curvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retentionasterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal spacetactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonancedullnessflatnesshyperresonancetympanylower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal spacerange of mobilityAuscultation:vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexia恶病质，cachectic恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退常做的检查examinations or laboratory findings(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)temperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature)sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood testBlood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytologyPulse oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncture PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemiarespiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular (sedatives, myasthenia), structural (ankylosing spondylitis), pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节)coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)opacification浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):confluent shadowing and air bronchogramcollapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)segmental atelactasispleural effusionmediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysmChest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography)Abdominal ultrasoundskin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test : Spirometry 呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration)bronchoprovocation/challenge test 支气管激发试验：histamine or methacholine-inhalation bronchodilatation支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇fiberoptic bronchoscopy: biopsies, bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings)bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)protected specimen brush (PStransthoracic percutaneous needle aspirationpercutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)pulmonary angiographyDoppler USS thigh and pelvis (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感pharynigitis 咽炎acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic预防性, remedial治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂bronchodilatorB2-agonists: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱steroids inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德，beclomethasone倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamidecardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂albumin 白蛋白antitussive agents 镇咳药ammonium chloride 氯化铵ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae鼻导管，Venturi face-masknebulizer喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler (MDI)continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-tight-fitting mask (non-invasive)intermittent positive-pressure ventilation ( IPPV)non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV)mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive(via intubation插管，tracheostomy 气管造口术，tracheotomy气管切开术) synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic囊性的/varicose曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibioticssurgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural bleb ruputurelactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy ,esp. biopsytypes: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex shift contralaterallyCXR: translucency +collapse: visible rim between lung and chest wall＞2 cm =＞50% lung volume lossaspiration吸引术，intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent: pleurodesis, pleurectomy, bulla stapling or laseringpleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L or pleura: serum protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .Exudate渗出液：capillary permeability increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus-shaped,rises towards axillaAppearance: clear ,straw-coloured: suggests transduateturbid, green: indicates exudates(pus cells) or empyema (bacterial infection)bloody( haemothorax血胸): tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis, traumawhite( chylothorax乳糜胸)：lymph ,blocked thoracic duct, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage (thoracocentesis)intrathoracic streptokinase via chest drain: to lyse fibrinous adhesionspleural adhesion: tetracycline. bleomycinlung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsydysphagiapancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ganglion resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathysuperior vena cava obstruction (SVCO): headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival edema, plethora, vein dilation, pericardial tamponade( JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine( ACTH: Cushin g’s; B-HCG:gynaecomastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma),skin（dermatomyositis）immunocompromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia( PTH-rp secretion)adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes commonbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy ( etoposide + cisplatin)secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck(+colon if liver metastasis), melanoma, bone (sarcoma), thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells (O2↓,patient awakes from sleep), awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity( fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm),structural features of upper airway (nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical masses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis),smoking( exacerabates hypoxia), alcohol (acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone),neuromuscular or CNS diseasesPSG( polysommography): overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine position continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)mandibular advancement device (MAD)adenoidectomy （curative in children）uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased compliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assemblyvancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）V enereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒V aricella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
英文疾病诊断和手术名称
英文疾病诊断和手术名称病名Name of Disease基本外科General Surgery结节性甲状腺肿nodular goiter甲状腺腺瘤thyroid adenoma甲状腺癌thyroid carcinoma甲亢hyperthyroidism甲旁亢hyperparathyroidism甲状旁腺癌parathyroid carcinoma乳腺结节breast nodules乳腺癌breast cancer乳腺癌breast cancer胃癌gastric cancer十二指肠肿瘤duodenal tumor肝肿物hepatic tumor肝囊肿hepatic cyst肝癌Hepatic cancer肝转移瘤hepatic metastasis肝血管瘤hepatic hemangioma肝硬化cirrhosis胆管癌Cholangiocarcinoma胆囊炎cholecystitis肝内胆管结石calculus of intrahepatic duct 胆石症cholelithiasis胆囊息肉cholecystic polyp胆管囊肿cyst of bile duct胆囊癌cholecystic carcinoma门脉高压portal hypertension胰腺癌/梗黄/胰头/体癌pancreatic carcinoma/obstructivejaundice/pancreatic head/body cancer胰岛素瘤insulinoma胰腺假囊肿pancreatic pseudocyst脾大/脾亢splenomegaly/hypersplenism 小肠癌intestinal cancer结/直肠癌colon/rectal cancer结/直肠癌colon/rectal cancer乙状结肠癌sigmoid cancer结肠癌colon cancer腹膜后肿物retroperitoneal tumor腹水ascites切口疝incisional hernia痔hemorrhoid腹股沟疝（斜/直）inguinal hernia, indirect/direct阑尾炎appendicitis耳鼻喉与口腔科Otorhinolaryngology and Stomatology 腮腺肿物parotid tumor双侧颌下肿物bilateral submandibular mass鼻息肉nasal polyp鼻窦炎/上颌窦炎nasosinusitis/maxillary sinusitis鼻旁窦肿物paranasal sinus mass鼻中隔偏曲deviation of nasal septum中耳炎otitis media喉肿物laryngeal mass喉癌laryngocarcinoma喉癌laryngocarcinoma下咽癌(喉咽癌)laryngopharyngeal carcinoma咽癌pharyngeal carcinoma腺鳞癌adenosquamous carcinoma鼻旁肿物paranasal mass声带小结/息肉nodule/polyp of vocalcord声带白斑leukoplakia of vocal cord声带肿物polyp of vocal cord腺样体肥大adenoids扁桃体周围脓肿peritonsillar abscess会厌囊肿epiglottic cyst会厌炎epiglottitis舌根囊肿cyst of root of tongue舌癌carcinoma of tongue颈淋巴瘤cervical lymphangioma唇裂/腭裂cleft lip / cleft palate喉气管狭窄laryngotracheal stenosis阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征obstructive sleep apnea Hypopnea syndrome;OSAHS血管外科Vascular Surgery升/胸/腹主动脉瘤ascending/thoracic/abdominal aortic aneurysm主动脉夹层aortic dissection (dissecting aneurysm)主动脉夹层aortic dissection (dissecting aneurysm)下肢静脉曲张lower extremity varicosity血栓栓塞thromboembolism腘动脉血栓症thrombosis of the popliteal artery股动脉血栓症thrombosis of the femoral artery大隐静脉曲张varicosis of great saphenous vein髂动脉狭窄stenosis of iliac artery下肢缺血ischemia of lower extremity布加综合征Budd-Chiari syndrome颈静脉怒张distension of jugular vein颈动脉狭窄carotid artery stenosis心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery冠心病coronary artery disease (CAD)冠心病coronary artery disease (CAD)二尖瓣脱垂mitral valve prolapse主动脉瓣/肺动脉瓣狭窄aortic/pulmonary stenosis二尖瓣/三尖瓣关闭不全mitral/tricuspid insufficiency心房粘液瘤atrial myxoma心包积液pericardial effusion缩窄性心包炎constrictive pericarditis心脏填塞cardiac tamponade扩张型心肌病dilated cardiomyopathy肥厚型心肌病hypertrophic cardiomyopathy心房血栓atrial thrombus三房心cor triatriatum马凡综合征Morfan syn房/室间隔缺损atrial/ventricular septal defect胸腺瘤/重症肌无力thymoma/myasthenia gravis支气管扩张bronchiectasis气胸pneumothorax肺大疱pulmonary bulla胸壁结节nodule of chest wall乳糜胸chylothorax胸膜病变lesion of pleura肺气肿pulmonary emphysema肺癌lung cancer肺癌lung cancer肺部肿物或结节lung mass or nodule肺部肿物或结节lung mass or nodule肺泡蛋白沉积症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 纵隔肿物mediastinal mass纵隔肿物mediastinal mass食道癌esophageal carcinoma食道癌esophageal carcinoma食道癌esophageal carcinoma神经纤维瘤neurofibroma骨科Orthropediac surgery脊柱侧弯scoliosis脊柱前突lordosis脊柱后突kyphosis颈椎病cervical spondylopathy颈椎病cervical spondylopathy椎间盘突出症prolapsed intervertebral disc (disc herniation) 腰椎管狭窄lumbar spinal stenosis坐骨神经痛sciatica脊索瘤notochordoma强直性脊柱炎ankylosing spondylitis双膝骨关节炎osteoarthritis of bilateral kneejoints膝类风湿关节炎 rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint 膝类风湿关节炎rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint 膝类风湿关节炎rheumatoid arthritis of the knee joint前/后交叉韧带断裂ruptured (anterior, posterior) crusade ligament股骨颈骨折femoral neck fracture髋骨关节炎osteoarthritis of the hip joint 腰椎结核tuberculosis of lumbar spine腰椎滑脱lumber spondylolisthesis股骨头坏死femoral head necrosis踇外翻hallux valgus半月板囊肿/损伤meniscus cyst/injury马蹄内翻足equinovarus胫骨/胫腓骨骨折tibia/tibiofibula fracture骨软化病osteomalacia脑[脊]膜膨出meningocele脊髓空洞症syringomyelia妇产科Ob-Gyn腹腔妊娠abdominal pregnancy宫外孕extrauterine pregancy异位妊娠ectopic pregnancy早期妊娠early pregnancy宫内孕intrauterine pregnancy妊高征pregancy-induced hypertension（PIH）功能性子宫出血functional uterine bleeding宫颈上皮内瘤变cervical intraepithelial neoplasia，CIN子宫腺肌症adenomyosis绒癌choriocarcinoma子宫内膜癌endometrial carcinoma子宫内膜异位症endometriosis卵巢囊肿ovarian cyst卵巢囊肿ovarian cyst卵巢巧克力囊肿ovarian chocolate cyst不孕症infertility不孕症infertility子宫脱垂Uterine prolapse阴道畸形deformity of vagina子宫肌瘤myoma of uterus/hysteromyoma子宫肌瘤myoma of uterus/hysteromyoma膀胱膨出cystocele尿道膨出urethrocele成熟畸胎瘤mature teratoma卵巢癌ovarian cancer子宫内膜非典型增生atypical hyperplasia of endometrium子宫脱垂uterine prolapse/prolapsed uterus/hysteroptosis张力性尿失禁stress urinary incontinence/SUI子宫肉瘤sarcoma of uterus盆底器官膨出Pelvic Organ Prolapse, POP膀胱阴道瘘vesicovaginal fistula尿瘘urinary fistula泌尿外科Urology肾肿瘤tumor of kidney肾癌renal cell carcinoma膀胱息肉polyp of the bladder膀胱癌bladder cancer膀胱癌bladder cancer膀胱癌bladder cancer神经性膀胱nervous bladder膀胱炎cystitis膀胱结石cystolith良性前列腺增生症benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）肾积水hydronephrosis尿道旁肿物paraurethral tumor尿道中断disrupted urethra肾结石nephrolithiasis输尿管结石ureterolithiasis肾囊肿renal cyst肾囊肿renal cyst包皮过长excessive foreskin精索静脉曲张varicocele肾盂癌carcinoma of renal pelvis包皮过长redundant prepuce前列腺癌prostatic cancer睾丸扭转testicular torsion输尿管狭窄urethrostenosis急性尿潴留acute uroschesis肾衰renal failure肾上腺肿物adrenal tumor嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma皮质醇增多症，库欣综合症hyperadrenocorticism，Cushing's syndrome原发性醛固酮增多症primary aldosteronism眼科Ophthalmology白内障cataract斜视strabismus玻璃体出血hemorrhage of vitreous body视网膜脱离detachment of retina神经外科Neurosurgery星行细胞瘤astrocytoma胶质母细胞瘤glioblastoma脑膜瘤meningioma听神经瘤acoustic neuroma颅咽管瘤craniopharyngioma垂体腺瘤pituitary adenoma颅骨骨折skull fracture颅底骨折skull base fracture脑脊液漏cerebrospinal fluid leak脑脊液鼻漏cerebrospinal rhinorrhea硬膜外血肿extradural（epidural）hematoma 硬膜下血肿subdural hematoma癫痫epilepsy颞叶癫痫temporal lobe epilepsy脑室内出血intraventricular hemorrhage颅内动脉瘤intracranial aneurysm脑动静脉畸形arteriovenous malformation颅内压增高increased ICP脑疝brain herniation脊柱裂spinal bifida脊髓空洞症syringomyelia髓内肿瘤intramedullary tumor脑膜瘤meningioma/meningoma颅内转移癌intracranial metastatic tumor 室外麻醉Out operating room anesthesia胃部不适Stomach discomfort上腹部不适epigastric discomfort 吞咽困难dysphagia上下消化道出血hemorrage of upper/lower digestive tract结肠息肉colonic polyp 不孕症infertility 龋齿decayed tooth 心律不齐dysrrhythmia手术名Name of Procedure 次全甲状腺切除术subtotal thyroidectomy甲状腺部分切除术/甲状腺腺瘤切除术partial thyroidectomy/excision of adenoma甲状腺根治术radical thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术thyroidectomy甲状旁腺切除术parathyroidectomy甲状旁腺切除术parathyroidectomy活检术/肿块切除术biopsy/lumpectomy乳腺癌改良根治术modified radical mastectomy 乳腺切除术mastectomy根治性胃切除术radical gastrectomy切除术resection切除术Tumor resection腹腔镜下开窗术laparoscopic fenestration肝叶切除术segmentectomy, lobectomy肿瘤切除术Tumor resection切除术hemangioma resection肝移植术liver transplantation切除术resection胆囊切除术cholecystectomy胆管切开术cholangiotomy腹腔镜胆囊切除术laparoscopic cholecystectomy 腹腔镜胆囊切除术laparoscopic cholecystectomy 胆管肠造瘘术cholangioenterostomy胆囊癌根治术radical cholecystectomy门腔分流术(Transjugular Intrahepatic) Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)Whipple术whipple's procedure(cholecystectomy, duodenectomy,pancreatectomy, lymphnectomy, enterostomy) 胰岛素瘤切除术excision of insulinoma切除术resection脾切除术splenectomy剖腹探查exploratory laparotomy经腹切除anterior resection经腹会阴联合切除abdominal-perineal resection乙状结肠切除术sigmoidectomy结肠癌根治术radical colectomy, hemi-colectomy, etc.探查切除exploration & excision腹腔镜探查术diagnostic laparoscopy修补术repairPPH术Procedure For Prolapse and Hemorrhoids 疝修补术herniorrhaphy阑尾切除术appendectomy切除术Resection切除术excision切除术excision功能性内镜鼻窦手术functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS)切除术excision矫正术septalplasty鼓室成形术tympanoplasty支撑喉镜下切除术excision under suspension laryngoscopy 喉癌根治术radical laryngectomy颈淋巴结廓清cervical dissection and lymphadenectomy 根治术radical laryngopharyngectomy根治术radical pharyngectomy根治术、植皮radial procedure & skin graft切除术excision支撑喉镜下切除术excision under suspension laryngoscope 切除术excision支撑喉镜下切除术excision under suspension laryngoscopy 腺样体刮除术Curettage of adenoids脓肿引流incision and drainage (I & D)切除术excision切除术excision切除术excision舌癌根治术radical glossectomy切除术excision修复术plastic operation扩张术dilation悬雍垂腭咽成形术UPPP/uvulopalatopharyngoplasty动脉瘤切除术人工血管植入术aneurysm resection/aneurysm repair (open)修补术（支架术）aneurysm repair (endovascular, stent graft)主动脉弓置换术aortic arch replacement结扎剥脱术ligation and excision取栓术thrombectomy股-腘动脉人工血管旁路术femoral-popliteal bypass grafting 股-股动脉旁路术femoral-femoral bypass grafting高位结扎剥脱术high ligation and stripping球囊扩张支架植入balloon dilation and stent graft支架bypass grafting门体分流术portosystemic shunt结扎术ligation颈动脉内膜剥脱术carotid endarterectomy体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术on-pump coronary artery bypass graft 不停跳冠脉旁路移植术off-pump coronary artery bypass graft 瓣膜成形术valvuloplasty瓣膜切开术valvulotomy人工瓣膜置换术valve replacement粘液瘤切除术excision of myxoma心包切除术pericardial excision心包切除术pericardial excision心包切开术pericardial window心脏移植heart transplant心脏移植heart transplant血栓切除术thrombectomy矫治术orthomorphiabentall operation修补术repair胸腺瘤切除术thymectomy肺叶切除术lobectomy胸腔镜thoracoscopy胸腔镜thoracoscopy切除术resection胸导管结扎ligation of thoracic duct活检术biopsy肺叶切除术lobectomy单肺切除术pneumonectomy肺叶切除术lobectomy开胸活检术thoracotomy and biopsyVATS术VATS video-assisted thoroscopic surgery 肺泡灌洗alveolar lavage纵隔镜mediastinoscopy开胸切除术mediastinotomy and excision食道癌根治术radical procedure食道切除术 esophagectomy胃食管吻合esophagogastrostomy神经纤维瘤切除术neurofibroma excision矫正内固定术correction and internal fixation矫正内固定术correction and internal fixation矫正内固定术correction and internal fixation前路减压，内固定，植骨融合术anterior decompression, internal fixation, bone graft and fusion后路减压，内固定，植骨融合术posterior decompression, internal fixation, bone graft and fusion椎间盘切除术，减压，植骨融合diskectomy, bone graft and fusion 减压内固定decompression, internal fixation椎板切除术，减压，内固定laminectomy, decompression and internal fixation切除术excision脊柱融合术vertebral fusion人工膝关节置换术 artificial knee replacement人工膝关节置换术 artificial knee replacement关节镜检查arthroscopy关节腔清理trimming of the joint cavity交叉韧带重建术crusade ligament reconstruction 股骨头置换术femoral head replacement人工髋关节置换术artificial hip joint replacement 切除术resection减压术、内固定椎体融合decompression,internalfixation,posterior lumbar interbody fusion股骨头置换术femoral head replacement 矫形术orthomorphia 关节镜检查arthroscopy关节融合术joint fusion切开复位内固定术open reduction and internal fixation 肿瘤切除术tumor resection切除术excision减压术decompression,输卵管切开术（造口术）salpingostomy输卵管切开术（造口术）salpingostomy输卵管切开术（造口术）salpingostomy流产abortion人工流产induced abortion吸引流产suction abortion剖宫产Cesarean section终止妊娠termination of pregnancy刮宫(D&C Dilation and Curretage)锥切术conization经腹子宫切除术TAH (transabdominal hysterectomy)肿瘤细胞减灭术cytoreductive surgery/ CRS肿瘤细胞减灭术debulking（肿瘤大块切除可用debulking，肿瘤细胞减灭术也可用cytoreductive surgery）经腹子宫切除术TAH (transabdominal hysterectomy)囊肿切除术cystectomy卵巢切除术oophorectomy腹腔镜检查laparoscopy输卵管切除术salpingectomy腹腔镜与宫腔镜检查diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy 输卵管通液hydrotubation(dye test)经阴道子宫切除术TVH(transvaginal hysterectomy)阴道再造术reconstruction of vagina子宫肌瘤切除术myomectomy全宫双附件切除术hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy阴道前壁修补术anterior colporrhaphy 阴道后壁修补术posterior colporrhaphy 阴道修补repair of vaginal wall 开腹切除术abdominal excision卵巢癌根治术salpingoophorectomy with lymphadenectomy 经腹子宫切除术TAH (transabdominal hysterectomy)经阴道子宫切除术TVH(transvaginal hysterectomy)经闭孔悬吊TOT(transobturator tape)无张力带悬吊TVT(tensionfree vigina tape)腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术LAVH/Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy经腹子宫切除术TAH (transabdominal hysterectomy)经阴道吊带后路悬吊术Posterior Intravaginal slingplasty,PIVS 骶棘韧带固定术Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation, SSLF 子宫骶骨悬吊术Sacrak colpopexy修补术repair修补术repair同种异体肾移植术allograft renal transplantation肾癌根治术radical nephrectomy膀胱镜检查cystoscopy经尿道膀胱肿瘤烧切术transurethral resection of bladder tumor（TURBT）根治性膀胱切除术radical cystectomy膀胱全/部分切除术total/partial cystectomy 膀胱颈切开术cystotrachelotomy膀胱镜检查cystoscopy膀胱镜检查cystoscopy经尿道前列腺切除术transurethral resection of prostate （TURP）肾切除术nephrectomy切除术excision耻骨上膀胱造瘘术suprapubic cystostomy肾切开取石术nephrolithotomy经皮肾脏切石术和肾脏碎石percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL)输尿管切开取石术ureterolithotomy部份肾脏切除术partial nephrectomy肾囊肿去顶术unroofing of renal cyst包皮环切术circumcision精索静脉曲张结扎ligation of ISV肾盂癌根治术Nephroureterectomy包皮环切术circumcision短距离治疗Prostate Brachytherapy扭转复位术reduction of torsion输尿管镜/输尿管切开术ureteroscopy/urethrotomy膀胱镜检查cystoscopy肾移植kidney transplantation腹腔镜肾上腺切除术laparoscopic adrenalectomy切除术excision肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma of adrenal肾上腺切除术adrenalectomy人工晶体植入intraocular lens implantation斜视矫正术squint correction玻璃体切除术vitrectomy眼球摘除术enucleation颅内肿瘤切除术excision of intracranial tumor颅内肿瘤切除术excision of intracranial tumor颅内肿瘤切除术excision of intracranial tumor颅内肿瘤切除术excision of intracranial tumor颅内肿瘤切除术excision of intracranial tumor经蝶窦垂体肿瘤切除术transsphenoidal hypophysectomy脑脊液瘘修补术repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistula 脑脊液瘘修补术repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistula 钻孔引流Burr hole 颅内血肿清除术intracranial hematoma evacuation颞叶切除术temporal lobectomy颞叶切除术temporal lobectomy脑室引流ventriculostomy切除术clipping of intracranial aneurysm切除术resection脑脊液分流术ventricular (peritoneal, atrial) shunt 开颅减压术craniotomy and decompression修补术repair切除术resection颅内肿瘤切除术Resection of intracranial tumor颅骨切开术craniotomy胃镜检查gastroscopy胃镜检查gastroscopy胃镜检查gastroscopy结肠镜检查colonoscopy结肠镜检查colonoscopy取卵术ovum retrieval 拔牙tooth extraction 电复律electroversion。
医学英语--诊断(疾病英文名称)[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases
诊断（疾病名称）[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]•病因诊断[pathogenic diagnosis (diagnosis of etiology)]•病理解剖诊断[diagnosis of pathological anatomy]•病理生理诊断[diagnosis of pathological physiology]•并发症[complication]•合并症（伴发疾病）[accompanying diseases](1)心内科疾病[heart d iseases]•cardiac insufficiency (heart failure)[心功能不全（心衰）] •cardiogenic (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) shock[心原性（低血容量性，感染性，过敏性，神经原性）休克]•sinus tachycardia (bradycardia, arrhythmia, arrest)[窦性（心动过速，心动过缓，心律不齐，停搏）]•sinus rhythm[窦性心律]•sick si nus syndrome(SSS)[病窦综合征]•Adams –stokes syndrome[阿-斯综合征]•junctional (ventricular) escape beat[交界性（室性）逸搏]•escape rhythm[逸搏心律]•left atrial rhythm[左房心律]•chaotic atrial rhythm[房性紊乱心律]•wandering rhythm[游走心律]•premature atrial(ventricular, junctional) beats[房性（室性，交界性）早搏] •multifocal (multimorphic)[多源性（多形性）]•bigeminy (trigeminy)[二（三）联律]•paroxysmal atrial (supraventricular, ventricular) tachycardia[阵发性房性（室上性，室性）心动过速]•sustained ventricular tachycardia[持续性室速]•sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia[窦房结折返性心动过速]•To rsade de pointes (TDP)[尖端扭转型室速]•A-V(A-V nodal)reentrant tachycardia[房室（房室结）折返性心动过速]•atrial flutter (fibrillation)[房扑（颤）]•ventricular flutter (fibrillation)[室扑（颤）]•sino-auricular (intra-auricular, intra-ventricular)block[窦房（房内，室内）传导阻滞] •first (second, third) degree atrioventricular (A-V)block[I（II、III）度房室传导阻滞] •second degree, type I(II) A-V block[II度I（II）型房室传导阻滞]•Wenckebach phenomena[文氏现象]•Mobitz type I(II)[莫氏I（II）型]•complete (incomplete) left (right) bundle branch block[完全性（不完全性）左（右）束支传导阻滞]•advance d (high grade) A-V block[高度房室传导阻滞]•left anterior (posterior) fascicular block[左前（后）分支阻滞]•type A(B) wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (pre-excitation syndrome)[A（B）型预激（W-P-W）综合征]•Lown-Ganong-Levime (L-G-L) syndrome[L-G-L综合征（短P-R综合征）] •accelerated idioventri cular (idiojunctional) rhythm[加速性室性（交界性）自主心律] •ectopic (junctional, reciprocal) rhythm[异位（交界性，反复）心律]•ventricular hypertrophy[心室肥厚]•left(right) atrial enlargement[左（右）房扩大]•idiopathic[特发性]•interfering atrioventricular dissociation[干扰性房室分离]•Brugada syndr ome [Brugada 综合征]•cardiac arrest (sudden death)[心脏骤停（猝死）]•acute rheumatic fever [急性风湿热]•rheumatic carditis[风湿性心脏炎]•chorea[舞蹈病]•rheumatic heart disease[风湿性心脏病]•multivalve disease[多瓣膜病]•valvular heart disease[心瓣膜病]•mitral(aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) stenosis[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，肺动肪瓣，三尖瓣）狭窄] •mitral (aortic, tricuspid) regurgitation(insufficiency)[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，三尖瓣）反流（关闭不全）]•coronary artery (heart) disease[冠心病]•acute coronary syndrome [急性冠脉综合征]•acute (old) myocardial infarction (MI)[急性（陈旧性）心肌梗死]•Q wave (non-Q wave) MI[Q波（非Q波）心梗]•unstable (stable) angina pectoris[不稳定（稳定）型心绞痛]•cardiogenic sudden death[心源性猝死]•initial onset angina peotoris[初发型心绞痛]•angina decubitus[卧位型心绞痛]•variant angina pectoris[变异型心绞痛]•intermediate syndrome [中间综合症]•post-infarction angina pectoris[梗死后心绞痛]•congenital heart disease[先天性心脏病]•pulmonary (aortic) stenosis[肺（主）动脉狭窄]•coartation of aorta[主动脉缩窄]•idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension [原发性肺动脉高压]•persistent left superior vena cava[左侧上腔静脉永存]•superior vena caval obstruction syndrom e[上腔静脉阻塞综合征]•dextro cardia[右位心]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•marfan`s syndrome [马凡氏综合征]•atrial (ventricular) septal defect(ASD/VSD)[房（室）间隔缺损]•patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)[动脉导管未闭]•single atrium (ventricle)[单心房（室）]•endocardial cushion defect[心内膜垫缺损]•aortic sinus an eurysm[主动脉窦瘤]•coronary arteritis[冠状动脉炎]•coronary artery fistula[冠状动脉瘘]•malformation of coronary artery[冠状动脉畸形]•coronary arteriovenous fistula[冠状动静脉瘘]•tetralogy(trilogy) of Fallot[法乐氏四（三）联征]•complete (corrected) transposition of great vessels[完全性（纠正型）大血管转位]•double-outlet of right ventricle [右室双出口]•partial (complete) anomalous pulmonary venous drainage[部分（完全）性肺静脉畸形引流]•Eisenmenger (Ebstein) syndrome[艾生曼格综合征（埃勃斯坦畸形）]•persistent trumcus arteriosus[永存主动脉干]•congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula[先天性肺动静脉瘘]•primary (secondary) hypertension [原发（继发）性高血压]•hypertensive crisis (urgencies, emergencies)[高血压危象（急诊）]•hypertensive nephropathy (papillo-retinopathy, cerebral hemorrhage)[高血压性肾病（视乳头-视网膜病，脑出血）]•acute (subacute) becterial endocarditis[急（亚急）性细菌性心内膜炎]•infective endocarditis[感染性心内膜炎]•acute (chronic) cor pulmonale[急（慢）性肺原性心脏病]•chronic pulmonary heart disease[慢性肺心病]•acute (chronic) pericarditis [急（慢）性心包炎]•constrictive pericarditis[缩窄性心包炎]•purulent (tuberculous) pericarditis[化脓(结核)性心包炎]•syphilitic heart disease[梅毒性心脏病]•acute viral myocarditis [急性病毒性心肌炎]•primary (specific) cardiomyopathy[原发（特异）性心肌病]•dilated (hypertrophic, restrictive) cardiomyopathy[扩张（肥厚，限制）型心肌病] •hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)[肥厚型梗阻性心肌病] •arrhythmogenic right ven tricula dysplasia(ARVD)[致心律失常性右室发育不全] •tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy[心动过速性心肌病]•hypertensive(alcoholic,ischemic,diabetic,peripartum,hyperthyroid )cardio- myopathy[高血压（酒精，缺血，糖尿病，围生期，甲亢）性心肌病]•drug-induced cardiomyopathy[药物性心肌病]•keshan disease[克山病]•my xoma of left atrium[左房粘液瘤]•metastatic cardiac tumor[心脏转移性肿瘤]•cardiac neurosis[心脏神经官能症]•mitral prolapse syndrome[二尖瓣脱垂综合征]•long Q-T syndrome[长QT间期综合征]•aortic (dissecting) aneurysm[主动脉（夹层动脉）瘤]•multiple (primary) arteritis of aorta and main branches[多发性大动脉炎]•Takayasu arteritis [大动脉炎（高安动脉炎）]•Raynaud disease[雷诺氏病]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•thromboangitis obliterans[血栓闭塞性脉管炎]•deep vein thrombosis[深静脉血栓形成]•superficial thrombophlebitis[血栓性浅静脉炎]•syndrome X[X 综合征]•peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterat ion[闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化]•Churg-Strauss syndrome[变应性肉芽肿性血管炎]•radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)[射频消融术]•percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)[经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术] •transluminal extraction catheter(TEC)[经皮腔内切吸导管]•percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation(PTSMA)[经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术] •percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)[经皮腔内冠脉成形术]•acute left-sided heart failure [急性左心衰竭]•pulmonary (lung) edema[肺水肿]•chronic heart failure[慢性心衰]•systolic (diastolic) insufficiency heart failure[收缩（舒张）功能不全性心衰]•cardiac insufficiency (NYHA I-Ⅳ)[心功能不全（I~Ⅳ级）]•intractable heart failure[顽固性（难治性）心衰]•artificial cardiac pacing[人工心脏起搏]•subclavian steal syndrome[锁骨下动脉窃血综合征]•pulselessness disease[无脉症]•myocardial bridging[肌桥]•postpericardiostomy syndrome[心脏损伤后综合征]•cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)[心肺复苏]•aortic arch syndrome[主动脉弓综合征](2)呼吸内科疾病[lung diseases]•silicosis[矽肺]•acute (chronic) bronchitis[急（慢）性支气管炎]•tracheobronchitis[气管-支气管炎]•bronchial asthma[支气管哮喘]•status asthmatics[哮喘持续状态]•bronchiectasis[支气管扩张]•upper respiratory tract infection[上呼吸道感染]•lung fibrosis[肺纤维化]•allergic airway inflammation[变应反应性气道炎症]•bacterial (viral, mycoplasma, reckettsia, radiaton) pneumonia[细菌性（病毒性，支原体，立克次体，放射性）肺炎]•community acquited pneumonia(CAP)[社区获得性肺炎]•pneumococcal (sta phylococcal, streptococcal, gram-negative bacillus) pneumonia[肺炎球菌（葡萄球菌，链球菌，革兰氏阴性杆菌）肺炎]•influenza (common cold)[流行性（普遍）感冒]•pulmonary candidiasis (aspergillosis, mucormycosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, nocardiosis)[肺念球菌（曲菌、毛霉菌，组织胞浆菌，放线菌，奴长菌）病]•pulmo nary mycosis[肺真菌病]•cryptococcosis[肺隐球菌病]•lung abscess[肺脓肿]•anaphylactic pneumonia (Leoffer`s syndrome)[过敏性肺炎（吕弗琉综合征）] •extrinsic allergic alveolitis[外源性过敏性肺泡炎]•pulmonary eosinophia(eosinophilosis)[肺嗜酸粒细胞浸润症]•chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[慢性阻塞性肺病]•obstructive pulmonary emphysema[阻塞性肺气肿]•pulmonary embolism (PE)[肺栓塞]•pulmonary vascular thrombosis [肺血管血栓形成]•pulmonary edema[肺水肿]•respiratory failure (type I/II) [呼吸衰竭（I、II型）]•adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)[成人呼吸窘迫综合征]•lung (pul monary) tuberculosis[肺结核]•miliary TB [粟粒性肺结核]•endobronchial tuberculosis[支气管内膜结核]•pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[胞泡蛋白沉积症]•pulmonary encephalopathy[肺性脑病]•sleep apnea syndrome[睡眠呼吸暂停综合征]•respiratory alkalosis (acidosis)[呼吸性碱（酸）中毒]•acute lung injury[急性肺损伤]•interstitial lung disease[间质性肺病]•dry (exudative) tuberculosis pleuritis (pleurisy)[干性（渗出性）结核性胸膜炎] •empyema[脓胸]•pleural effusion [胸腔积液]•Legionella pneumonia(LP)[军团菌肺炎]•drug-induced lung disease[药物性肺病]•sarcoidosis[结节病]•pneumothorax[气胸]•lung eosi nophilic granuloma [肺嗜酸细胞肉芽肿]•primary mediastinal tumor[原发性纵隔肿瘤]•pleural mesothelioma[胸膜间皮瘤]•primary bronchogenic carcinoma[原发性支气管肺癌]•small cell lung cancer [小细胞肺癌]•metastatic tumor (carcinoma) of lung[肺结移瘤（癌）]•lung fibroma[肺纤维瘤]•undifferentiated ca rcinoma of lung[肺未分化癌]•paraneoplastio syndrome[副癌综合征]•bronchial adenoma[支气管腺瘤]•pulmonary hamartoma[肺错构瘤]•bronchogenic cyst [支气管囊肿]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•middle lobe syndrome [肺中叶综合征]•cor pulmonale[肺心病]•pueumosclerosis[肺硬化]•lober atelectasis[肺叶不张]•pu lmonary lobectomy[肺叶切除术]•pulmonary hypertension[肺高压]•angio-pneumography[肺血管造影术]•foreign body in lung[肺异物]•intratracheal foreign body[气管内异物]•hyaline membrane disease[肺透明膜病]•lung consolidation[肺实变]•lung sequestration[肺内隔离症]•tracheostomy (tracheotomy)[气管造口（切开）术] •endotracheal intubation[气管插管术](3)消化内科疾病[GI diseases]•stenosis of esophagus[食管狭窄] •esophageal atresia[食道闭锁]•esophageal and gastric varices (varicosis) [食管-胃静脉曲张] •hiatus hernia[食管裂孔疝]•diverticulum of esophagus[食管憩室]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•reflux esophagitis[反流性食管炎]•esophageal achalasia[食道贲门失弛缓症]•esophageal perforation[食管穿孔]•benign esophageal tumor[食管良性肿瘤]•esophageal mucosa erosion[食管粘膜糜烂]•esophageal polyp[食管息肉]•foreign body in esophagus[食管异物]•congenital esophageal anomaly[食管先天性畸形]•Barrett esophagus [Barrett 食管]•acute simple (corrosive, phlegmonous, hemorrhagic erosive) gastritis[急性单纯性（腐蚀性，化脓性，糜烂出血性）胃炎]•chronic superficial (atrophic,hypertrophic, erosive) gastritis[慢性浅表性（萎缩性，肥厚性，糜烂性）胃炎]•bile regurgitation gastritis[胆汁反流性胃炎]•peptic ulcer[消化性溃疡]医学全在线•gastric ulcer[胃溃疡]•prolapse of gastric mucosa[胃粘膜脱垂]•gastrinoma (zollinger-Ellison syndrome) [胃泌素瘤（卓-艾综合征）]•acute gastric dilation[急性胃扩张]•gastric retention[胃潴留]•postgastrectomy syndrome[胃切除术后综合征]•gastroduodenoscopy[胃十二指肠镜检查]•polyp of stomach (intestinal tract)[胃（肠道）息肉]•carcinoma (benign tumor, leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma) of stomach[胃癌（良性肿瘤，平滑肌肉瘤，恶性淋巴瘤）]•foreign body of stomach [胃内异物]•dumping syndrom e[倾倒综合征]•late postprandial hypoglycemia[餐后低血糖症]•stomal ulcer[吻合口溃疡]•syndrome of the gastric remnant[残胃综合征]•duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡]•duodenitis[十二指肠炎]•upper (lower) gastrointestinal bleeding[上（下）消化道出血]•crohn disease[克隆病]•intestinal tuberculosis[肠结核]•acute hemorrhage necrotizing enteritis[急性出血性坏死性肠炎]•intestinal malabsorption syndrome[小肠吸收不良综合征]•enteric volvulus[小肠扭转]•small intestinal (duodenal) stasis syndrome[小肠（十二指肠）淤滞综合征] •adhesion of small intestine[小肠粘连]•short bowel syndrome[短肠综合征]•malignant (benign) tumor of small intestine[小肠恶（良）性肿瘤]•carcinoid tumor (carcinoid syndrome)[类癌（类癌综合征）]•intestinal fibroma (sarcoma, diverticulum, diverticulitis)[小肠纤维瘤（肉瘤，憩室，憩室炎）]•enteritis[小肠炎]•ulcerative colitis[溃疡性结肠炎]•intestinal obstruction[肠梗阻]•carcinoma of the colon (rectum)[结（直）肠癌]•gastrointestinal neurosis[胃肠神经宫能症]•irritable bowel syndrome[肠易激综合征]•motility diarrhea [肠运动功能异常性腹泻]•functional constipation (gastrointestinal disorders)[功能性便秘（胃肠病）] •functional dyspepsia [功能性消化不良]•intestinal allergic purpu ra[小肠过敏性紫癜]•tuberculous peritonitis[结核性腹膜炎]•chronic diarrhea[慢性腹泻]•inflammatory bowel disease (diarrhea)[炎症性肠病（腹泻）]•spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)[自发性细菌性腹膜炎]•Helicobacter Pylori(HP)[幽门螺旋杆菌]•toxic magacolon [中毒性巨结肠]•acute (chronic) hepatitis[急（慢）性肝炎]•drug-induced liver disease[药物性肝病]•post hepatitis (schistosomal, alcoholic) cirrhosis[肝炎后（血吸虫性，酒精性）肝硬化]•nodular (biliary) cirrhosis[结节（胆汁）性肝硬化]•alcoholic liver disease [酒精性肝病]•primary carcinoma of the liver [原发性肝癌]•hepatocellular carcinoma[肝细胞癌]•hepatocellular jaundice[肝细胞性黄疸]•hepatic fibrosis[肝纤维化]•hepatic encephalopathy[肝性脑病]•hepatic cyst [肝囊肿]•carvernous hemangioma[海绵状血管瘤]•hepatic coma [肝性昏迷]•acute (chronic) hepatic failure [急（慢）性肝功能衰竭]•portal hypertension[门脉高压]•hepatorenal syndr ome[肝肾综合征]•liver parasitosis (abscess, aneurysm, hamartoma)[肝寄生虫病（脓肿，动脉瘤，错构瘤）] •cholecystitis[胆囊炎]•cholelithiasis[胆囊结石]•cholecystic carcinoma[胆囊癌]•cholangiohepatoma[胆管细胞癌]•cholestatic jaundice[胆汁淤积性黄疸]•pancreatic cyst(pseudocyst)[胰腺（假性）囊肿]•pancreati tis[胰腺炎]•acute necrotising (interstitial) pancreatitis[急性坏死（水肿）型胰腺炎]•pancreatic carcinoma[胰腺癌]•insulinoma (gastrinoma)[胰岛素（胃泌素）瘤]•retroperitoneal tumor(abscess)[后腹膜肿瘤（脓肿）]•hypersplenism [脾亢]•fatty liver[脂肪肝](4)神经内科疾病[neurological diseases]•optic neuritis[视神经炎]•trigeminal neuralgia[三叉神经痛]•facial neuritis[面神经炎]•meniere`s disease[美尼尔尼症]•polyneuritis[多发性神经炎]•sciatica(ischialgia)[坐骨神经痛]•garpal tunnel syndrome[腕管综合征]•acute (purulent) myelitis[急性（化脓性）脊髓炎] •syringomyelia[脊髓空洞症]•hereditary atexia[遗传性共济失调症]•compression of spinal cord[脊髓压迫症]•bifid spine[脊柱裂]•transverse injury of spinal cord[脊髓横贯性损伤] •poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•myelocyst[脊髓囊肿]•myelocele[脊髓膨出]•deformity of spine[脊柱畸形]•migraine[偏头痛]•vascular headache[血管性头痛]•headache due to muscular co ntraction[肌肉收缩性头痛] •traumatic headache[外伤性头痛]•epilepsy[癫痫]•focal seizure[局限性发作]•grand mal[大发作]•petit mal[小发作]•status epilepticus[癫痫持续状态]•transient ischemic attack(TIA)[短暂脑缺血发作]•cerebral embolism(infarction, hemorrhage)[脑栓塞（梗塞，出血）] •subarachnoid hem orrhage(SAH)[蛛网膜下腔出血]•encephalitis (encephalopathy)[脑炎（脑病）]•delayed neuropathy (encephalopathy)[迟发性神经病（脑病）] •meningitis[脑膜炎]•cerebral echinococcosis[脑包虫病]•cerebral aneurysm[脑动脉瘤]•hydrocephalus[脑积水]•cerebroma[脑瘤]•cerebromalacia[脑软化]•intracerebral he matoma[脑内血肿]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•postconcussion syndrome[脑震荡后综合征]•neuroglioma[神经胶质瘤]•meningioma[脑膜瘤]•neurofibroma [神经纤维瘤]•neurinoma[神经鞘瘤]•brain abscess[脑脓肿]•intracranial hypertension[颅内高压]•arkinson`s disease(paralysis agitans)[帕金森氏病（震颤麻痹）] •hepatolenticular degeneration [肝豆状核变性]•athetosis[手足徐动症]•spasmodic torticollis[痉挛性斜颈]•myasthenia gravis[重症肌无力]•periodic paralysis[周期性麻痹]•progressive muscular dys trophy[进行性肌营养不良症]•Bell paralysis[贝耳氏面瘫]•chorea minor (rheumatic caorea) [小舞蹈病]•polymyositis[多发性肌炎]•inclusion body myositis[包涵体肌炎]•dermatomositis[皮肌炎]•Hypothalamus syndrome[下丘脑综合征](5)血液科疾病[hematological diseases]•iron deficiency (megaloblastic, apl astic, hemolytic) anemia[缺铁性（巨幼细胞性，再生障碍性，溶血性）贫血]•pernicious (refeactory) anemia[恶性（难治性）贫血]•paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)[阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形细胞增多症]•favism[蚕豆病]医学全在线网站•thalassemia[地中海贫血]•sickle cell disease[镰刀细胞病]•methemoglobinemia[高铁血红蛋白血症]•hemolytic disease of newborn[新生儿溶血症]•autoimmune hemolytic anemia (ATH)[自身免疫性溶血性贫血]•post-hemorrhagic anemia[失血性贫血]•leukopenia (agranulocytosis)[白（粒）细胞减少（缺乏）症]•po lycythemia vera [真性红细胞增多症]•eosinophilia[嗜酸性粒细胞增多症]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形红细胞增多症]•acute (chronic) myelocytic (lymphocytic) leukemia [急（慢）性粒（淋巴）细胞性白血病] •acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)[急性非淋巴细胞性白血病]•acute monocytic leukemia [急性单核细胞性白血病]•acu te promyelocytic leukemia[急性早幼粒细胞性白血病]•chloroma[绿色瘤]•plasma-cell(megakaryocytic) leukemia[浆（巨核）细胞性白血病]•hairy cell leukemia[多毛细胞白血病]•preleukemia[白血病前期]•leukemoid reaction[类白血病反应]•myelofibrosis[骨髓纤维化]•McCune-Albright syndrome[多发性骨纤维营养不良]•primary thro mbocythemia[原发性血小板增多症]•Hodgkin disease[何杰金氏病]•non-Hodgkin lymphoma[非何杰金氏淋巴瘤]•multiple myeloma(MM)[多发性骨髓瘤]•eosinophilic granuloma[嗜酸性肉芽肿]•malignant histiocytosis[恶性组织细胞病]•hypersplenism[脾功能亢进症]•anaphylactoid (Henoch-Schonlein) purpura[过敏性紫癜]•idiopath ic (selondary) thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)[原发（继发）性血小板减少性紫癜] •hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张] •thrombasthenia (thrombopathia)[血小板无力症（病）]•von Willebrand disease (VWD)[血管性假血友病]•hereditary (acquired) hypofibrinogenemia[遗传性（获得性）纤维蛋白原缺乏症] •disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)[弥漫性血管内凝血] •myelodysplastic syndrome[骨髓增生异常综合征]•myeloproliferation disease[骨髓增生性疾病]•osteoporosis (OP) [骨质疏松症]•heterogenous (autologous) bone marrow transplantation[异体（自体）骨髓移位] •hemapoietic stem cell (cord bl ood) transplantation (HSCT)[造血干细胞（脐血）移植] •hypercoagulable states (hypercoagulability)[高凝状态](6)肾内科疾病[nephrological diseases]•multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)[多器官功能障碍综合征]•acute renal failure pre-renal (post-renal)[肾前（后）性急性肾衰]•（non）oliguric acute renal failure[（非）少尿型急性肾衰]•acute tublar necrosis[急性肾小管坏死]•chronic renal failure[慢性肾衰]•uremia[尿毒症]•azotemia[氮质血症]•acute(chronic)nephritis(glomerulonephritis)[急性(慢性)肾炎（肾小球肾炎）] •crescentric glomerulonephritis[新月体性肾炎]•pulmonary-renal (Goodpasture )syndrome[肺出血肾炎综合征]•latent (focal) glomerulonephritis[隐匿（局灶）性肾炎]•malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis[恶性肾小动脉硬化]•rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis[急进性肾小球肾炎]•proliferative (sclerosing) glomerulonephritis[增生性（硬化性）肾炎]•mesangial proliferative (capillary) glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性（毛细血管性）肾炎] •membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性肾炎]•hereditary nephritis[遗传性肾炎]•interstitial nephritis[间质性肾炎]•endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis[毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎] •tubulointerstitial nephritis[肾小管间质性肾炎]•membra nous nephropathy[膜性肾病]•nephrotic syndrome[肾病综合征]•renal artery stenosis (embolism)[肾动脉狭窄（栓塞）]•renal vein thrombosis[肾静脉血栓形成]•renal tubular acidosis[肾小管性酸中毒]•nephrogenic diabetes insipidus[肾性尿崩症]•yelonephritis [肾盂肾炎]•polycystic kidney[多囊肾]•nephrolithiasis[肾积石]•diabetic(hypertensive,lupus) nephropathy[糖尿病（高血压，狼疮）性肾病] •minimal change nephropathy[微小病变性肾病]•hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)[溶血性尿毒症综合征]（7）内分泌科疾病[endocrine diseases]•hypothalamus (empty sella) syndrome[下丘脑（空泡蝶鞍）综合征] •hypopituitarism[腺垂体功能减退症]•pituitary dwarfism[垂体性侏儒症]•hypothalamic-pituitary amenorrhea[下丘脑-垂体性闭经]•Simons (Sheenhan) disease[西蒙（席汉）氏病]•gigantism (acromegaly)[巨人（肢端肥大）症]•pituitary tumor[垂体瘤]•central diabetes insipidus[中枢性尿崩症]•adrenal crisis (acute adrenocortical hypofunction)[肾上腺危象（急性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）]•Addison’s disease(chronic adrenocortical hypofunction)[阿狄森氏病（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）]•congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)[先天性肾上腺皮质增生]•syndrome of i nappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)[抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征]•Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)[柯兴氏综合征（皮质醇增多症）]•primary (secondary) aldosteronism[原（继）发性醛固酮增多症] •pheochromocytoma[嗜铬细胞瘤]•hyperthyroidism(hypothyroidism)[甲亢（甲减）]•subclinical hype rthyroidism[亚临床甲亢]•simple (toxic diffuse, toxic multinodular) toiter[单纯性（毒性弥漫性，毒性多结节性）甲状腺肿]•autonomic hyperfunctional adenoma[自主性功能亢进性甲状腺瘤]•T3(T4)-thgrotoxicosis [T3 (T4)型甲亢]•acute (chronic lymphocytic, subacute) thyroiditis[急性（慢性淋巴细胞性，亚急性）甲状腺炎]•Hashi moto thyroiditis[桥本甲状腺炎]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma, nodule)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌，结节）]•hyper (hypo) thyroid heart disease[甲亢（减）性心脏病]•thyrotoxic myopathy (exophthalmos,encephalopathy)[甲状腺素毒性肌病（突眼，脑病）] •thyrotoxic (parathyroid) crisis[甲状（旁）腺危象]•hyperthyroidsim crisis[甲亢危象]•hypo-(hyper-) parathyroidism[甲状旁腺功能减退（亢进）]•total (subtotal, partial) thyroidectomy[甲状腺全部（次全，部分）切除术]•goitrous cretinism[甲状腺肿呆小症]•thyreoprival tetany[甲状腺切除后手足搐搦]•premenstrual tension[经前紧张症]•menopausal syndrome[绝经期综合征]•oophoritic (ovarian) poly cyst[卵巢多发性囊肿]•pinealoma (pinealocytoma)[松果体瘤]•gynaecomastia[男性乳房发育症]•diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)[糖尿病酮症酸中毒]•diabetic hyperosmotic coma[糖尿病高渗性昏迷]•nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma[糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷]•lactic acidosis[乳酸性酸中毒]•diabetic microangiopathy (macr oangiopathy, nephropathy)[糖尿病性微血管病变（大血管病变，肾病）]•hypoglycemia[低血糖症]•glucagonoma[胰高糖素瘤]•β-cell tumor of pancrease islet[胰岛β细胞瘤]•insulinoma [胰岛素瘤]•hepatogenous (alcoholic, reactive, drug-induced) hypoglycemia[肝源性（酒精性，反应性，药物性）低血糖]•insulin resistance syndr ome[胰岛素抵抗综合征]•obesity[肥胖症]•glycogen storage disease[糖原累积病]•xanthoma[黄色瘤]•gout (hyperuricemia) [痛风（高尿酸血症）]•porphyria [血卟啉病]•hemochromatosis[血色病]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•osteoporosis[骨质疏松]•hyperlipoproteinemia[高脂蛋白血症]•hypercholesterolemia[高胆固醇血症]•hyper triglyceridemia[高甘油三酯血症]•hyperlipemia[高脂血症]•rheumatoid arthritis[类风湿性关节炎]•still disease[幼年型类风关]•Felty (Reiter) syndrome[弗尔提（赖特尔）综合征]•systemic (discoid) lupus erythematosus (SLE/DLE)[系统性（盘型）红斑狼疮] •dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•Sjog ren`s syndrome [干燥综合征]•ankylosing spondylitis[强直性脊柱炎]•seronegative spondyloarthropathy[血清阴性脊柱关节病]•scleroderma[硬皮病]•polyarteritis[结节性多动脉炎]•Wegener`s granulomatosis[韦格纳肉芽肿]•candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome[念珠菌-内分泌病综合征] •abnormal glucose tolerance[糖耐量异常]•psoriatic arthritis[银屑病关节炎](8)精神病科疾病[psychosis]•mental disturbance[精神障碍]•general paralysis of insanity[麻痹性痴呆]•infective (toxic, physical) psychosis[感染性（中毒性，躯体性）精神病] •somopsychosis[躯体性精神病]•senile (presenile) dementia [老年性（老年前期）痴呆]•Traumatic ps ychosis [外伤性精神病]•schizophrenia[精神分裂症]•menic-depression (affective psychosis)[狂躁抑郁症（情感性精神病）]•involutional melancholia[更年期忧郁症]•menopausal syndrome[更年期综合征]•reactive (psychogenic) psychosis[反应性（心因性）精神病]•paranoid psychosis (paranoia, paranoid)[偏执性精神病（偏执狂，类偏执狂）] •neurosis (nervous exhausation) [神经官能症（神经衰弱）]•anxiety (obsession) [焦虑（强迫）症]•hysteria[癔症]医学全在线网站•mental retardation (obigophrenia)[精神发育不全]•offective disorder[情感障碍]•anorexia nervosa[神经性厌食]•anxious mania[焦虑性躁狂]•aquaphobia[恐水症]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•dilirious mania[谵妄性躁狂]•organic (inborn, traumatic) dementia[器质性（先天性，外伤性）痴呆]•fugue[神游症]•fetishism[恋物癖]•exhibitionism[露阴癖]•voyeurism[窥淫癖]•transvestism[易装癖]•pica[异食症]•schizoid pe rsonality[人格分裂](9)皮肤科疾病[skin diseases]•contact (autosensitive, allergic, seborreic, atopic, diaper, infections eczematoid, light sensitive) dermatitis[接触性（自身致敏性，过敏性，脂溢性，遗传过敏性，尿布，传染性湿疹样，光敏性）皮炎]•eczema[湿疹]•acute (chronic) urticaria[急（慢）性荨麻疹]•papular u rticaria[丘疹性荨麻疹]•cold (factitial, pressure, solar) urticaria[冷性（人工性，压迫性，日光性）荨麻疹] •dermatographism[皮肤划痕症]•angioedema[血管性水肿]•dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•discoid (systemic) lupus erythematosus[盘状（系统性）红斑狼疮]•foot and mouth disease[口蹄病]•drug eruption[药疹]•common warts (verruca planae, condyloma acuminata)[寻常（扁平，尖锐湿）疣] •herpes simplex[单纯疱疹]•herpes zoster[带状疱疹]•impetigo bullosa[大疱性脓疱疮]•impetigo vulgaris[寻常脓疱疮]•folliculitis[毛囊炎]•furuncle[疖]•leprosy[麻风病]•skin tuberculosis[皮肤结核]•erysipelas (erysipeloid) [（类）丹毒]•candidiasis[念珠菌病]•tinea capitis(corporis, cruris, manus, pedis, versicolor)[头（体，股，手，足，甲）癣] •primary (secondary, tertiary) syphilis[一（二、三）期梅毒]•acquired (congenital) syphilis[获得（先天）性梅毒]•scabies[疥疮]•bee sting[蜂螫]•mite dermatitis[螨皮炎]•gaterpillar derma titis[毛虫皮炎]•pruritus[瘙痒症]•neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•psoriasis [银屑病]•erythema multiform[多形性红斑]•lichen planus[扁平苔癣]•solar dermatitis[日光皮炎]•miliaria rubra[痱子]•pernio[冻疮]•clavus (callus)[鸡眼（胼胝）]•rhagadia manus et pedis[手足皲裂]•radiodermatitis[放射性皮炎]•ich thyosis[鱼鳞病]•keratoderma (keratosis)[角化病]•erythema nodosum[结节性红斑]•allergic purpura[过敏性紫癜]•circumscribed (diffuse) scleroderma[局限（弥漫）性硬皮病]•mixed connective tissue disease[混合性结缔组织病]•pemphigus (pemphigoid) [(类)天疱疮]•acne[痤疮]•rosacea[酒渣鼻]•anhidrosis (dyshidrosis, hyperhidrosis, bromidrosis)[无汗症（出汗不良，多汗症，腋臭）] •canities[白发]•alopecia areata (totalis)[斑（全）秃]•freckles (chloasma) [雀（黄褐）斑]•vitiligo [白癜疯]•nevus pigmentosus[色素痣]•mixed (intradermal) naevus [混合（皮内）痣]•hemangioma cavernosum[海锦状血管瘤]•leukoplak ia[粘膜白斑]•squamous cell carcinome in situ [原位癌]•aget`s disease[湿疹样癌]•basal cell carcinoma[基底细胞癌]•granuloma[肉芽肿]•squamous cell carcinoma[鳞状细胞癌]•allergic (nodula r, systemic) vasculitis[过敏（结节，系统）性血管炎]•ulcer [溃疡]医学全在.线提供•tuberous sclerosis[结节性硬化症]•thrush [鹅口疮]•Behcet`s syndrome[白塞（口-眼-生殖器）综合征]•sunburn[晒斑]•steatocystoma multiplex[多发性皮脂囊肿]•roseola[玫瑰疹]•pretibial myxedema[胫前粘液性水肿]•paronychia[甲沟炎]•melasma[黄褐斑]•lipoid proteinosis[类脂蛋白沉积症]•livedo reticularis[网状青斑]•hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症]•hirsutism (hypotrichosis)[多（少）毛症](10)传染科疾病[infectious diseases]•healthy (chronic, permanent, temporary) carrier[健康（慢性，终身，暂时）带菌者] •bacteremia (septicemia, pyemia, toxemia)[菌（败，脓毒，毒）血症]•septic shock [感染性休克]•upper respiratory infection (influenza, common cold)[上呼吸道感染（流感，普通感冒）] •viral myocarditis (pneumonia)[病毒性心肌炎（肺炎）]•double (cross, general) infection[双重（交叉，全身）感染]•chickenpox (varicella)[水痘]•r ubella (German mealses)[风疹]•measles[麻疹]•smallpox (variola)[天花]•herpes simplex (zoster)[单纯（带状）疱疹]•infectious lymphocytosis [传染性淋巴细胞增多症]•infectious mononucleosis[传染性单核细胞增多症]•acute viral (chronic persistent, fulminant, chronic, chronic active) hepatitis[急性病毒性（慢性迁延性，暴发性，慢性，慢性活动性）肝炎]•icteric (anicteric) hepatitis[（非）黄疸型肝炎]•viral hepatitis type A(B,C,D,E,non A and non B)[甲（乙，丙，丁，戊，非甲非乙）型肝炎] •Dengue (Dengue hemorrhagic, epidemic hemorrhagic) fever[登革（登革出血，流行性出血）热]•relapsing (rat-bite)fever[回归（鼠咬）热]•Q (ye llow, lassa ,scarlet) fever [Q （黄，拉沙，猩红）热]•rabbit fever (tularemia)[ 兔热病]•foot-mouth disease[口蹄病]•forest (influenzal) encephalitis[森林（流感性）脑炎]•panencephalitis[全脑炎]•epidemic encephalitis B[流行性乙脑]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•epidemic myalgia[流行性肌痛]•viral (human rotaviral) enteritis[病毒性（人轮状病毒性）肠炎]•epidemic parotitis (mumps)[流行性腮腺炎]•roseola infantum [婴儿玫瑰疹]•infantile diarrhea[婴儿腹泻]•rabies (hydrophobia) [狂犬病（恐水症）]•scrub typhus (tsatsugamushi disease)[恙虫病]•acute streptococcal tonsillitis[急性链球菌性扁桃体炎]•pertussis (whooping cough)[百日咳]•laryngeal (pharyngeal) diphtheria [喉（咽）白喉]•cholera[霍乱]•bacillary dysentery[菌痢]•anthrax[炭疽病]•anaerobic infection[厌氧菌感染]•kuru[库鲁病]•leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病]•mycoplasma pneumonia[支原体肺炎]•syphilis[梅毒]•Lyme diseas e[莱姆病]•rickettsia disease[立克次体病]•epidemic (endemic) typhus[流行（地方）性斑疹伤寒]•typhoid (paratyphoid) [伤寒（副伤寒）]•botulism[肉毒中毒]•bacterial food poisoning[细菌性食物中毒]•plague [ 鼠疫]•tetanus[破伤风]•leprosy[麻风]•trachoma [沙眼]•yaws[雅司]•pulmonary (bronchial, lymph nod e, intestinal, liver, renal, skin) tuberculosis[肺（支气管，淋巴结，肠，肝，肾，皮肤）结核]•tuberculous peritonitis (meningitis, pleurisy)[结核性腹膜（脑膜，胸膜）炎] •aspergillosis[曲霉菌病]•deep candidiasis[深部念珠菌病]•cryptococcosis[隐球菌病]•mucormycosis[毛霉菌病]•mycosis[真菌病]•tinea[癣]•actinomy cosis[放射菌病]•amebic liver abscess[阿米巴肝脓肿]•intestinal amebiasis[阿米巴肠病]•malaria[疟疾]•kala-azar[黑热病]•schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]•fasciolopsiasis[姜片虫病]•paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病]•taeniasis[绦虫病]•cysticercosis[囊虫病]•echinococciasis[包虫病]•filariasis[丝虫病]•ascariasis[蛔虫病]•enterobiasis[蛲虫病]•trichuriasis[鞭虫病](11)普外科疾病[surgical diseases]•furuncle (carbuncle)[疖（痈）]•cellulitis (abscess)[蜂窝织炎（脓肿）] •lymphangitis (lymphadenitis)[淋巴管（结）炎] •paronychia[甲沟（周）炎]•subungual abscess[甲下脓肿]•tenosynovitis[腱鞘炎]•dry (moist,gas) gan grene[干（湿，气）性坏疽] •necrosis (ulcer)[坏死（溃疡）]•sinus (fistula)[窦道（瘘）]•wart (cyst)[疣（囊肿）]•fibroma (neurofibrom)[（神经）纤维瘤] •imperforatus (atresia)[闭锁]•stenosis[狭窄]•dipoma (hemangioma)[脂肪（血管）瘤] •nevus (melanoma)[黑痣（黑色素瘤）] •thyroglossal cyst [甲状舌骨囊肿]•tubercul osis of cervical lymph node[颈淋巴结结核] •thyroid adenoma (carcinoma)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌）]。
胸膜疾病
脏层胸膜
静水压﹢24
29
胶体渗透压﹢ 34 2 9
29-29=0
病因
• 胸膜毛细血管内静水压增高－－漏出液
如充血性心衰，上腔静脉受阻
• 胸膜毛细血管内胶体渗透压下降－－漏出液
如肝硬化低蛋白血症
• 胸膜渗透性增高－－渗出液
如胸膜炎症
• 壁层胸膜淋巴回流障碍－－渗出液
如肿瘤引起淋巴管阻塞
★
体征
少量积液 胸膜摩擦音或无明显体征
中～大量积液
• 视：患侧呼吸运动受限， • 胸廓饱满，气管偏向健侧 • 触：语颤减弱或消失 • 叩：积液区叩诊为浊音或实音 • 听：积液区呼吸音减弱或消失
实验室和其他检查
• X线检查－－发现积液 • 超声检查－－积液定量、定位，协助胸穿 • 胸水检查－－确定积液性质 • 胸膜活检－－进一步明确病因 • 支气管镜检－－明确病因
37
[诱因] 气胸
抬举重物 咳嗽、喷嚏、屏气、高声大笑 高压状态进入低压状态 呼吸机（持续正压人工呼吸）
2020/6/5
38
• （2） 呼吸困难：是典型症状。程度与 积气量的多寡以及原来肺内病变范围有 关。
• 进行性加重，严重者紫绀甚至休克。
• 机械通气的患者表现为症状急剧恶化和 缺氧或吸气压上升。
中 量 胸 腔 积 液
大 量 胸 腔 积 液
包 裹 性 胸 腔 积 液
CT检查
可显示少量胸水、肺内病变、胸膜 间皮瘤、胸内转移性肿瘤、纵膈和气管 旁淋巴结等病变，有助于病因诊断
胸膜活检
• 经皮闭式胸膜活检对胸腔积液的病因诊断 有重要意义，可发现肿瘤、结核和其他胸 膜病变
• 拟诊结核病时，活检标本除作病理检查外， 还应作结核分枝杆菌培养
医学英语分类词汇常见疾病名称
医学英语分类词汇常见疾病名称医学英语分类词汇常见疾病名称医学英语是一门大学专业，学制是四年(北京大学医学部为五年制)授予学位是文学学士学位或教育学学士学位或理学学士(如北大)。
下面是yjbys小编为大家带来的'医学英语分类词汇常见疾病名称的知识，欢迎阅读。
常见疾病名称Internal Medicine 内科Acidosis 酸中毒Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚-斯氏综合症alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒alkalosis 碱中毒anaphylaxis 过敏症anemia 贫血iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血megaloblastic anemia 巨幼红细胞性贫血aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血angiitis 脉管炎angina pectoris 心绞痛arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化apoplexy 中风auricular fibrillation 心房纤颤auriculo-ventricular block 房室传导阻滞bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchitis 支气管炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎carcinoma 癌cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊乱cardiac failure 心力衰竭cardiomyopathy 心肌病cirrhosis 肝硬化coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏病Crohn disease 克罗恩病Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合症diabetes 糖尿病diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血dysentery 痢疾enteritis 肠炎gastric ulcer 胃溃疡gastritis 胃炎gout 痛风hepatitis 肝炎Hodgkin's disease 霍奇金病hyperlipemia 高脂血症，血脂过多hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进hypersplenism 脾功能亢进hypertension 高血压hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进hypoglycemia 低血糖hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎influenza 流感leukemia 白血病lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎lymphoma 淋巴瘤malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良measles 麻疹myeloma 骨髓瘤myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocarditis 心肌炎nephritis 肾炎nephritic syndrome 肾综合症obstructive pulmonary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿pancreatitis 胰腺炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡peritonitis 腹膜炎pleuritis 胸膜炎pneumonia 肺炎pneumothorax 气胸purpura 紫癜allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜thrombocytolytic purpura 血小板减少性紫癜pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎renal failure 肾功能衰竭rheumatic fever 风湿病rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症syphilis 梅毒tachycardia 心动过速tumour 肿瘤typhoid 伤寒ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道血Neurology 神经科brain abscess 脑脓肿cerebral embolism 脑栓塞cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血concussion of brain 脑震荡craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤epilepsy 癫痫intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿meningitis 脑膜炎migraine 偏头痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱neurosis 神经官能症paranoid psychosis 偏执性精神病Parkinson's disease 帕金森综合症psychosis 精神病schizophrenia 精神分裂症Surgery 外科abdominal external hernia 腹外疝acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎acute perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcer急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎anal fissure 肛裂anal fistula 肛瘘anesthesia 麻醉angioma 血管瘤appendicitis 阑尾炎bleeding of gastro-duodenal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血bone tumour 骨肿瘤breast adenoma 乳房腺瘤burn 烧伤cancer of breast 乳腺癌carbuncle 痈carcinoma of colon 结肠炎carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌carcinoma of gallbladder 胆囊癌carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌carcinoma of stomach 胃癌cholecystitis 胆囊炎cervical spondylosis 颈椎病choledochitis 胆管炎cholelithiasis 胆石症chondroma 软骨瘤dislocation of joint 关节脱位erysipelas 丹毒fracture 骨折furuncle 疖hemorrhoid 痔hemothorax 血胸hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核lipoma 脂肪瘤lithangiuria 尿路结石liver abscess 肝脓肿melanoma 黑色素瘤osseous tuberculosis 骨结核osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤osteoporosis 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Paget's disease 佩吉特病perianorecrtal abscess 肛管直肠周围脓肿phlegmon 蜂窝织炎portal hypertension 门静脉高压prostatitis 前列腺炎protrusion of intervertebral disc 椎间盘突出purulent arthritis 化脓性关节炎pyogenic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎pyothorax 脓胸rectal polyp 直肠息肉rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎rupture of spleen 脾破裂scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎tetanus 破伤风thromboangiitis 血栓性脉管炎thyroid adenocarcinoma 甲状腺腺癌thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trauma 创伤urinary infection 泌尿系感染varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张Paediatrics 儿科acute military tuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核acute necrotic enteritis 急性坏死性结肠炎anaphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜ancylostomiasis 钩虫病ascariasis 蛔虫病asphyxia of the newborn 新生儿窒息atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损birth injury 产伤cephalhematoma 头颅血肿cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈convulsion 惊厥Down's syndrome 唐氏综合症glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎hemophilia 血友病infantile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn 新生儿颅内出血intussusception 肠套叠necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸nutritional iron deficiency anemia 营养性缺铁性贫血nutritional megaloblastic anemia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎premature infant 早产儿primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核progressive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌肉营养不良pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎rickets 佝偻病sepsis of the newborn 新生儿败血症tetanus of the newborn 新生儿破伤风tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎varicella 水痘ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Gynecology and Obstetrics 妇产科abortion 流产adenomyosis 子宫内膜异位症amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Bartholin's cyst 巴氏腺囊肿carcinoma of cervix 子宫颈癌carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cervicitis 宫颈炎chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿dystocia 难产eclampsia 子痫edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome 水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征(妊娠高血压综合征) endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症extrauterine pregnancy 子宫外孕hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐infertility 不育症irregular menstruation 月经失调lochia 恶露monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠myoma of uterus 子宫肿瘤oligohydramnios 羊水过少ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎placenta previa 前置胎盘placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离pregnancy-hypertension syndrome 妊娠高血压综合症premature birth 早产premature rupture of membrane 胎膜早破postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血puerperal infection 产褥感染rupture of uterus 子宫破裂trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中vulvitis 外阴炎Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科amblyopia 弱视amygdalitis, tonsillitis 扁桃体炎astigmatism 散光carcinoma of nasopharynx鼻咽癌carcinoma of larynx 喉癌cataract 白内障tinnitus 耳鸣chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿colour blindness 色盲deflection of nasal septum 鼻中隔偏曲deafness 聋furuncle of nasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖glaucoma 青光眼heterotropia 斜视hyperopia 远视injury of cornea 角膜损伤ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞iritis 虹膜炎keratitis 角膜炎labyrinthitis 迷路炎，内耳炎laryngitis 喉炎mastoiditis 乳突炎myopia 近视nasal sinusitis 鼻窦炎otitis media 中耳炎obstruction of larynx 喉梗阻peritonsillar abscess 扁桃体中脓肿pharyngitis 咽炎rhinitis 鼻炎Dermatoloty 皮肤科acne 痤疮carcinoma of skin 皮肤癌bed sore 褥疮decubitus ulcer 褥疮性溃疡drug eruption 药皮疹eczema 湿疹herpes simplex 单纯疱疹herpes zoster 带状疱疹lupus erythematosis 红斑狼疮psoriasis 牛皮癣urticaria 荨麻疹wart 疣。
外科学英语病历书写常用词汇
外科学英语病历书写常用词汇1. 主诉chief complaint：weakness, malaise, chills, fever, sleep, pain, headache, appetite, weight, stomach and bowels, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, urine, genitalia, neuropsychiatric disorders, respiration, shortness of breath, bleeding or discharge, etc.2. 现病史present illness：onset(date, mode), duration before present entry, exciting cause and environmental influences, prodromal symptoms, general symptoms, course or progress( location, duration, severity, continuity, intermission, radiation, treatment), aggravating and alleviating factors, loss of weight, appetite and strength, sleep, bowel movement, frequency of urination, menstruation, etc.3.既往史past history：1)former places of residence, previous stage of health( 健壮的robust，纤弱的delicate), experience with similar disease, immunity to infectious disease2)previous illness：麻疹measles, 腮腺炎mumps, 水痘chicken-pox, 百日咳pertussis, 流行性感冒influenza, 猩红热scarlet fever, 白喉diphtheria，伤寒typhoid fever, 支气管炎bronchitis, 肺炎pneumonia，脑炎encephalitis,脑膜炎meningitis，破伤风tetanus,小儿麻痹poliomyelitis,赤痢dysentery，霍乱cholera, 胸膜炎pleurisy,天花small-pox，疟疾malaria,结核病tuberculosis，黄疸病jaundice，过敏性反应allergy,etc3)venereal disease：specific symptoms, signs, and the disease by name, treatment.4)Accidents( date, any disability, sequelae), operation and hospitalization (date , procedure, name of hospital , physician, complications, bleeding tendency)4. 家族史family history：family tendency, presence of hereditary disorders, cancer, tuberculosis, mental disorder and nervous affection, rheumatism, diabetes, hypertension, cerebral vascular accident, hemophilia, syphilis, tumor, epilespsy, allergy, contact with diseased individuals, relationship of patient’s childhood and adult life, age, health condition, and cause of death of parents, grandparents, self , spouse, siblings , or relatives.5.个人史personal history：1)Social history：fears, metal status, education, financial condition, number of dependents, family harmony or fractious , hygienic condition at home2)Marital history：duration of marriage, 1st or 2nd marriage, age and death of spouse and children ,cause and age at time of death, number of children , pregnancies, 流产次数miscarriages, 死产数stillbirths3)occupational history：duration of employment, past work, exact nature of work, exposure to occupational hazards, whether work is satisfactory or not.4)Habits：alcohol, tobacco, narcotic, coffee, tea, appetite, food habits, regularity of meals, rapidity of eating , bowel movements, sleep, exercise, interests, etc.6.系统检查system review：1)General：nutrition, fever, night sweats, tremor, weight gain or loss, weakness, allergy.2)Skin：荨麻疹hives, rash, eczema3)Head：trauma, headache, loss of hair4)Eyes：vision, pain glasses diplopia.5)Ears：pain, discharge, deafness, tinnitus.6)Nose：obstruction, discharge, epistaxis, rhinitis.7)Mouth：teeth, lips, gums, tongue, disturbance in taste.8)Throat.：sore throat, tonsillitis, 脓性扁桃腺炎quinsy, dysphagia9)Neck：adenitis, goiter , rigidity10)Cardiorespiratory：palpitation, tachycardia, blood pressure, chest pain, dyspnea, cough , hemoptysis , seasonal cold, expectoration.11)Gastrointestinal：appetite, nausea, vomiting, distress(before or after meals), melena, colic, jaundice, fullness, hernia, hemorrhoid, constipation, diarrhea, frequency of bowel movement , heartburn, idiosyncrasies, relation of symptoms to eating, type and quantity of food12)Genito-urinary：dysuria, urinary frequency, dribbling , hematuria, pyuria, nocturia and volume, enuresis, incontinence, sores about external genitalia, symptoms suggestive of syphilis(mucous patches, falling hair), urethral discharge, exposure to venereal infection, obstetric history, catamenia(age of onset, date of last period, cycle and amount, periodicity , dysmenorrheal, menopause) leucorrhea, associated headache13)Neuromuscular：神经过敏nervousness, emotional stress, weakness, muscle or joint pains, convulsion, numbness, neuralgia, anesthesia, muscular atrophies or dysatrophies, deformities.。
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Pneumothorax
Section 1 Pleural Effusion
Learning goals
Summary of the pleura Etiology and pathogenesis Clinical presentations Laboratory findings Imaging Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Treatment
Etiology and pathogenesis
5.Others. infection in the pleural space(empyema) bleeding into the pleural
space(Hemothorax) esophageal rupture
Symptoms
Dyspnea Chathogenesis
3.Increased production of fluid due to abnormal capillary permeability. pneumonia(parapneumonic effusion) cancer bacterial infection tuberculosis
Etiology and pathogenesis
4.Decreased lymphatic clearance of fluid from the pleural space. thoracic duct obstruction or
rupture(e.g. malignancy, trauma) producing exudates
Symptoms
Chest pain
may be mild or severe It typically is described as sharp or
stabbing, exacerbated with deep inspiration, and pleuritic If pleural effusion increases, chest pain may diminishes in intensity Dry pleurisy cause direct pleural irritation.
1.Increased production of fluid in the setting of normal capillaries due to increased hydrostatic
heart failure (≈90% of cases) superior vena cava obstruction pulmonary embolism(PE)
Note: Different etiology, different amount of effusion, different clinical manifestations
Symptoms
Dyspnea is the most common clinical symptom at
presentation which indicates a large effusion(usually >500ml)and is reported to occur in 50% of patients with malignant pleural effusions.
Summary of the pleura
The filtration and absorption of pleural effusion are in a dynamic balance.
Any reason cause excessive production of pleural effusion ,more than absorption, fluid appear
Circulation mechanism of pleural effusion
The drainage of
pleural effusion
mainly depends on
the reabsorption of
parietal pleural
lymphatics
Etiology and pathogenesis
Summary of the pleura
The pleural cavity is a potential space between the lung and the chest wall.
A normal person's pleural cavity contains a small amount of fluid (1015ml) as a lubricant.
1.increased hydrostatic 2.decreased colloid osmotic pressures. 3.abnormal capillary permeability. 4.Decreased lymphatic clearance. 5.Others.
Etiology and pathogenesis
Etiology and pathogenesis
2.Increased production of fluid in the setting of normal capillaries due to decreased colloid osmotic pressures. crrhosis with ascites nephrotic syndrome peritoneal dialysis
Pleural Diseases
The pleural cavity is a potential space between the lung and the chest wall
Pleural Effusion
Pneumothorax
Section 1 ：
Pleural Effusion