螺母与螺栓凸焊(翻译)

I. GENERAL 概述………………………………………………………………..………..Scope of Engineering Specification, General Statement ………….……….….总体说明，本规范适用范围Process Description ……………………………………………….………..…….焊接过程描述Design Guidelines 设计准则……………………………………………………………..….Size Relative to Base Sheet Metal Thickness 紧固件对板材厚度的相对尺寸 Size in Base Sheet Metal 板材上孔的尺寸Strength 紧固件强度of Base Sheet Metal 板材的平面度of Fastener 紧固件的位置Applicable Materials 适用材料………………………………………………………Joint Identification Symbols 焊接接头识……………………………………………………II. SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION VALIDATION AND IN-PROCESS TESTS ……..生产验证及过程测试总述III. TEST PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS ………………………………试验过程及要求Applicability of Test Procedures for PV- and IP-Test Phases …………………. PV试验阶段及IP试验阶段的适用性Weld Parameter Monitoring 焊接参数监控……………………..…...………………… Introduction 简介Welding Current over Time [A] 焊接电流Electrode Force [N] 电极力Dimensional and Visual Inspection of the Welded Fastener ……………………被焊紧固件的尺寸校核及目视检查Introduction 简介Gap between Fastener and Base Sheet Metal 紧固件与板材的间隙Burn Through into Base Sheet Metal 板材的烧穿Deformation of Fastener Body 紧固件的变形Cracks 破裂Flash on Threads 螺纹上的毛刺Metal spatter 金属飞溅Position of Nut on Component 螺母在部件中的位置Perpendicularity of Bolt 螺栓的垂直度Inspection of Section Cuts 剖面切割检查……………………………………………Introduction 简介Gap between Fastener and Base Sheet Metal 紧固件与板材之间的间隙Penetration into Base Sheet Metal 板材的焊透率Porosity 气孔Cracks 破裂Inclusions 夹杂Hardness 硬度Destructive, Non-Destructive, and Functional Testing ………………………….有损检测，无损检测及功能检测Introduction 简介Static Tensile Test 静态拉伸试验Torque Test 扭矩试验III.5.3.1 Torque Test (Destructive) 扭矩试验（有损）III.5.3.2 Torque Test (Non-Destructive) 扭矩试验（无损）Push Out / Pull Out Test (Destructive)推出/剥落试验（有损）Hammer/Chisel Test 榔头/凿子试验Thread Test 螺纹测试Leakage Test 密封性试验Durability / Fatigue Test 寿命/疲劳测试Permissible Repair Methods ……………………………………………...…...…允许的返修方法IV. REVALIDATION REQ UIREMENTS ……………………………………再验证要求V. INSTRUCTIONS AND NOTES …………………………………………说明及注意事项VI. COMPILATION OF RE FERENCE DOCUMENTS ……………………参考文件I. GENERAL 综述Scope of Engineering Specification, General Statement 总体说明，本规范适用范围This Engineering Specification is issued to define design factors and performance requirements applicable to the joining of nuts and bolts using the projection welding process. It covers manual and automated projection welding on sheet steel having a minimum of 0.5 mm and a maximum of 3.0 mm thickness. It covers metric dimensions up to M16 and property class and fasteners, but not fasteners of the property class .本规范用于规定螺母及螺栓凸焊的设计要素和焊接过程要求，它涉及厚度从~3.0mm的钢板的手工凸焊和自动凸焊。

本规范囊括了公制M16以下的紧固件，其性能等级为和，而不包括性能等级为的紧固件。

This Engineering Specification harmonizes the requirements globally for Ford Motor Company and is applicable to new model programs. 本工程规范对全球的福特公司均有效并适用于新车型项目。

This Engineering Specification does not replace the requirements of the Ford world-wide fasteners standards, which focus on the performance of the fastener itself. Instead, it defines the requirements for the projection- welded joint between the fastener and the base sheet metal. Applications that require special fasteners are not dealt with here and require a case-by-case approval by the appropriate Fastener, Body and Manufacturing Engineers.本工程规范不替代全球通用的福特紧固件标准（该标准主要讨论紧固件本身的性能），而是规定紧固件和板材之间的凸焊接头的各种要求。

采用特殊紧固件的情况不在本规范讨论之内，如有采用需经紧固件工程师，车身工程师和制造工程师逐项批准。

This Engineering Specification is a supplement to the released part drawing, and all requirements herein must be met in addition to all other requirements of the part drawing. Each section specifies the minimum measures necessary for documenting compliance with this specification.本工程规范是所发放零件图纸的补充，除了要满足图纸的要求，也必须满足本规范的要求。

每部分规定了遵从本规范的最基本的措施。

This Engineering Specification is intended to evaluate specific characteristics as a supplement to normal material inspections, dimensional checking and in-process controls, and should in no way adversely influence other inspection operations.本工程规范作为常规的材料检查，尺寸检查和过程控制的说明补充，而决不能反过来影响其它的检查操作。

Preparation and submission of an acceptable control plan are the responsibility of the manufacturing source. The manufacturing source will retain the original control plan and any later revisions per QS-9000 and provide a copy to the design responsible Product Engineering activity.制造资源有义务准备与提交一份可接受的控制计划，制造资源保留原有的控制计划和任何之后经过QS-9000标准的修订版本，并且复制一份给负责设计的工程小组。

Process Description 过程描述Projection welding is a resistance welding process that produces a weld by the heat obtained from the resistance to the flow of the welding current. The resulting welds are localized at predetermined points by local or annularprojections. Figure 1 shows the sequence of the projection welding process.凸焊是一种利用电流流过电阻产生热量进行焊接的焊接方法。