汉英口译分类词汇(改革开放)
英语翻译词汇系列-改革开放类
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改革开放类翻译词汇汇总手册版可对折 制成简易指南 随身携带保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market 发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
改革开放英文单词
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1. 改革开放the reform and opening2.第二产业secondary industry3.第三产业tertiary industry4.第一产业primary industry5.国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)6.国内生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)7.合资企业joint venture8.合作企业cooperative enterprise9.解除劳动关系Sever labor relations10.解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces11.家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system12.商品经济commodity economy13.生产关系relations of production14.生产力productive forces15.生产资料means of production16.生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence17.私有制private ownership18.实事求是seek truth from facts19.林业forestry20.宏观控制exercise macro-control21.鼓励give incentive to22.公有制public ownership23.分配形式forms of distribution24.城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas25.发展过快excessive growth26.非公有成分non-public sectors27.改善经济环境improve economic environment28.国际收支international balance of payments29.基本生活费Basic allowances30.经济结构改革reform in economic structure31.经营机制operative mechanism32.拉动经济增长Fuel economic growth33.万元户ten- thousand-yuan household34.高考college (or university) entrance examination35."四有" 新人New Generation with "Four Qualifications"36.跳槽job-hopping37.三农"问题Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area38.一国两制One Country, Two Systems39.和谐社会A Harmonious society40.三个代表Three Represents41.经济适用房Economical Housing42.名片business card43.红包convert payment44.晒工资wages online exposure。
改革开放名词英语
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改革开放名词英语改革开放:The reform and opening-upChina’s reform and opening-up policy was launched under the leadershipof Deng Xiaoping in 1978.中国的改革开放政策是在1978年邓小平领导下启动的。
reform and opening up 改革开放policy 政策launch sth 开展、启动(重大活动)under the leadership of sb 在...的领导下This policy jump-started China’s transformation from a poor andunderdeveloped centrally-planned economy into an economic powerhouse.这一政策开启了中国从一个贫穷落后的中央计划经济体向经济强国的转型。
jump-start 推动、启动...transformation n. 转变、改造underdeveloped (国家或地区)不发达的、经济落后的economy 经济、经济体centrally-planned 中央计划的、计划经济的economic 经济的powerhouse 强国Prior to 1978, the private sector was virtually non-existent. 1978年以前,私营部门几乎不存在。
prior to sth 在...之前the private sector 私营产业、私营部门virtually 几乎、差不多non-existent 不存在的。
口译分类词汇
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口译分类词汇-—“一国两制” 和祖国统一概述General Terms“港人治港”“Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong 。
”“一国两制" “one country ,two systems”爱国统一战线the patriotic united front反对“台独" oppose the “Independence of Taiwan”反对制造“两个中国",“一中一台”oppose the attempt to create “two Chinas” or “one China,one Taiwan”享有高度自治enjoy a high degree of autonomy海峡两岸关系the relationships between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits恢复对香港行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong坚持统一,反对分裂,增加了解,化解歧见persist in reunification,oppose separation , increase understanding and iron out differences决不承诺放弃使用武力never undertake to renounce the use of force两岸直航促进会Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation三通three direct links of trade ,mail ,and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits台湾当局the Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots探亲外交family—visit diplomacy ; relative-visiting diplomacy汪辜会谈Wang Daohan—koo Chenfu Talks ; Wang—Koo Talks香港/澳门特别行政区基本法the Basic Law of the Hong Kong / Macao Special Administrative Region一个中国的原则是和平统一的基础The One-China Principle is the foundation and prerequisite for peaceful reunification 祖国和平统一大业the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherlandharmonious socialist society 社会主义和谐社会sound and fast development 又快又好的发展people’s well—being “民生”to safeguard social fairness and justice 维护社会公平和正义new socialist countryside 社会主义新农村basic living /subsistence allowance system for rural residents 农村最低生活保障制度minimum living/subsistence allowance 最低生活补助new type of rural cooperative medical care system新型农村合作医疗制度methane 沼气corporate/enterprise income tax 企业所得税property law 物权法overheated property sector 房地产市场过热low-rent housing 廉租房county-level cities 县级市to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce pollutants discharge 节能降耗减排school-age children 适龄儿童tuition assistance 助学金vocational education 职业教育pre—marital medical check—up 婚前医学检查;婚检doctor—patient relationship 医患关系substandard food and medicine 不合标准的食品和药品food and drug safety 食品医药安全tax on agricultural specialty products 农业特产税community hospitals 社区医院community healthcare system 社区医疗保健制度stay—at-home children 留守儿童rural migrant workers 农民工ice-melting/ice-thawing trip “融冰”之旅diversification of foreign exchange reserve 外汇储备多元化vulnerable group/disadvantaged group 弱势群体邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory“三个代表” Thought of Three Represents贯彻科学发展观to implement the Scientific Outlook on Development和谐社会harmonious Society解放思想emancipate the mind改革开放policy of reform and opening-up全面建设小康社会to build a well-off society in an all-round way中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese—characteristics经济又好又快地发展good and steady economic growth前所未有机遇和挑战unprecedented opportunities and challenges时代新要求和人民群众的新期待requirements of the time and wishes of the people 制定科学的行动纲领和大政方针to make strategic outlines and policies成就举世瞩目 to achieve great success头脑清醒,实事求是realistic and sober—minded清醒认识当今世界和当代中国发展的大势to have a clear view of today’s China and the world工业化、城镇化、市场化、国际化industrialization, urbanization, marketization and internationalization。
改革开放词汇
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• 生产关系
• relations of production
• 生产力
• productive forces
• 生产资料
• means of production
• 生活资料
• means
of
livelihood/subsistence
• 剩余劳动力。
• surplus labor
• 失业保险金
• Unemployment insurance benefits
• per capita income • 融资渠道
• Financing channels
• 善于接受的
• receptive
• 商品经济
• commodity economy
• 商业信贷原则
• The principles for commercial credit
• 社会保险机构
• Social institution
financial risks
• 防洪工程
• Flood-prevention project
• 非法外汇交易
• Illegal
foreign
exchange transaction
• 非公有成分
• non-public sectors
• 非贸易收汇
• Foreign
exchange
earnings through non
• cornerstone
• 计划经济和市场调节相结 合的机制
• a mechanism that
combines
planned
economy and market
regulation
• 家庭联产责任承包制
改革开放类英语词汇
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汉英口译分类词汇(03)--改革开放词汇保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
口笔译分类词汇—改革开放词汇
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汉英口译分类词汇(03)--改革开放词汇保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
汉英口译分类词汇
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汉英口译分类词汇(01)--社会发展词汇211工程211 Project安居工程housing project for low-income families安居小区a neighborhood for low-income families保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women's right to employment补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.裁定保险赔偿adjudication of benefits城镇居民最低生活保障guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents 在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.城镇社会保障体系the social security system in urban areas城镇职工基本医疗保险制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees创新精神be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 大家庭extended family大力推行个人助学信贷Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.大专文凭associate degree (conferred to junior college students)代培training-on-contract program代培生trainee on contract带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits待业人员job seekers待遇优厚的工作a well-paid job单亲家庭single parent family定向培训training for specific posts独生子女the only child对保障方案进行精算评估Security programs should undergo actuarial review.对口扶贫provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions恶性犯罪major crimes反对迷信be against superstition福利分房buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with复式住宅compound apartment干部年轻化rejuvenation of cadres岗位培训on-job training高度重视精神文明建设pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress搞好优生优育promote good prenatal and postnatal care个人自愿计划voluntary private plans工伤保险制度the on-job injury insurance system工资收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system关系国计民生的大事matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood关心和支持残疾人事业Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.推进素质教育push ahead with education for all-around development推行职业资格证书制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system 退休基金pension fund脱贫lift off poverty; cast off poverty完善和落实再就业优惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment 完善失业保险制度to improve the unemployment insurance system文明城市model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards物业管理estate management, property management消费价格总水平the general price level小家庭nuclear family小康生活enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off新生儿死亡率infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate行行出状元Every profession produces its own leading authority.研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma养老保险retirement insurance养老保险制度the old-age insurance system医疗保险medical insurance医疗保险制度the medical insurance system应试教育examination-oriented education system优抚安置制度the special care and placement system优化就业结构to optimize employment structure有公德心be civic-minded舆论导向direction of public opinion舆论监督supervision by public opinion预期寿命life expectancy灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system在职博士生on-job doctorate招生就业指导enrolment and vocation guidance争取实现高等教育大众化work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people政府主导计划government-sponsored programs职业道德ethics of profession中华人民共和国劳动法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China中专生secondary specialized or technical school student重视发展具有比较优势和市场潜力的劳动密集型企业to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential 抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务devote efforts to the management offamily planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population自然增长率natural growth rate自学成才self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taught way最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system人口老龄化aging of population人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口增长与社会经济发展相协调try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development人民生活水平quality of life; the living standards认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱势群体disadvantaged groups扫除青壮年文盲eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people伤残保险disability insurance社会保障social security社会保障“三条保障线”制度social security system of “three guarantees”社会福利制度the social welfare system社会公德social morality社会互助制度the social mutual help system社会治安状况好转see an improved law-and-order situation深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.生活待遇material amenities生活费收入income available for cost of living生活费用cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost生育保险制度the childbirth insurance system失学儿童dropouts失业保险guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits失业保险unemployment insurance失业保险制度the unemployment insurance system失业率rate of unemployment实施积极促进就业的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment实现基本普及九年义务教育The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.实现小康目标attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people实行劳动合同制度to institute a labor contract system树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观help foster in the young the morally soundvalues and outlook on the world and life思想道德建设(思想政治工作)moral education among people提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高劳动者素质to enhance workers’ quality统筹兼顾城乡就业to make overall plans for urban and rural system推动就业服务向社区延伸,形成多层次的就业服务网络to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network汉英口译分类词汇(02)--外经贸类词汇澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA:Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策proactive fiscal policy出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爷profiteer抵免offset东盟自由贸易区AFTA:ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟ASEAN:Association of South-East Asian Nations对外项目承包foreign project contracting反倾销措施anti-dumping measures aga inst ……防伪标志anti-fake label放松银根ease monetary policy非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk岗位培训on-the-job training港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程项目engineering project工业增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业(即国有合作社)state-owned cooperatives国际清算international settlement国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption横向兼并horizontal merger坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan货币市场money market机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development 季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts减免债务reduce and cancel debts建材building materials进口环节税import linkage tax经常项目current account经常性的财政收入regular revenues竟价投标competitive bidding就业前培训pre-job training控股公司holding company垃圾融资junk financing劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises劳务合作labor service cooperation累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery流动人口floating population龙头产品lagship product乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises慢性萧条chronic depression农业技术合作ATC:Agricultural Technical Cooperation盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses企业所得税corporate income tax千年问题、千年虫millennium bug抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities清理、修订screen and modify求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction申报制度reporting system; income declaration system实行股份制enforce stockholding system实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA Administrative Aspects of Market Access适销对路的产品readily marketable products双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation所有制形式forms of ownership贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation同步增长increase in the same pace外援方式modality of foreign aid无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction现代企业制度modern corporate system消费膨胀inflated consumption协议投标negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition亚欧会议ASEM:Asia-Europe Meeting亚太法定计量论坛APLMF:Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC:APEC Business Advisory Council亚太计量程序APMP:Asia Pacific Metrology Program亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM:APEC MinisteriaI Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM:APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经济合作组织APEC:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太能源研究中心APERC:Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亚太商业论坛ABF:APEC Business Forum亚太商业网络APB-Net:Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太实验室认可合作APLAC:Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS:APEC Communications and Database System亚太信息基础设施APII:Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME:APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis营业税turnover tax在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership债转股debt-to-equity swap中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan中介服务组织intermediary service organization注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into转化经营机制change the method of operation资本项目capital account自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company 船务公司generic products非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending超前消费run on banks(到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持special bonds特种债券economy of abundance 富裕经济Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白dual purpose exports军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区global quota全球配额grandfather clause祖父条款Anial-derived food动物源食品EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化常见缩略:C&F(cost & freight)成本加运费价T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/P(document against payment)付款交单D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等WT(weight)重量G.W.(gross weight)毛重N.W.(net weight)净重(customs declaration)报关单EA(each)每个,各W (with)具有w/o(without)没有FAC(facsimile)传真IMP(import)进口EXP(export)出口MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的M/V(merchant vessel)商船S.S(steamship)船运MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨DOC (document)文件、单据INT(international)国际的P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表INV (invoice)发票PCT (percent)百分比REF (reference)参考、查价EMS (express mail special)特快传递STL.(style)式样、款式、类型T或LTX或TX(telex)电传RMB(renminbi)人民币S/M (shipping marks)装船标记PR或PRC(price) 价格PUR (purchase)购买、购货S/C(sales contract)销售确认书L/C (letter of credit)信用证B/L (bill of lading)提单FOB (free on board)离岸价CIF (cost, insurance & freight)成本、保险加运费价GMO (genetically modified organism)转基因组织CAGA (compound annual growth average)年复合增长率汉英口译分类词汇(03)--改革开放词汇保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇(共5则)
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中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇(共5则)第一篇:中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents城镇化 urbanization城镇居民可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income保税区bounded zone奔小康 strive for relatively comfortable life博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia不良贷款 bad loans产品本土化 product localization产业不景气 industrial depression产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业格局 industrial pattern产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure超负荷运转 overloaded operation承包责任制 the contract responsibility城市经济学 urban economics持续快速健康发展 sustained, rapid and sound development 充足的发展空间 ample room for development 重复生产 duplication of production 出口加工区 export processing zone出口商品和服务goods and services for export 储运storage and transport 传统产业 traditional industries传销pyramid sales;multi-level marketing 创业机制business mechanism刺激经济活动stimulate economic activities 刺激有效需求stimulate effective demand促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy大幅度跃升 rise by a big margin大开发 the large-scale development带动经济增长 spur economic growth独资公司 exclusively-funded venture翻两番 quadruple繁荣与稳定 prosperity and stability非公有制经济 non-public sectors of the economy风险资金 venture capital房地产 real estate首付 down-payment业主 home owner房产权威部门 housing authority住房贷款 housing loan房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate个人购房贷款 individual housing loan按揭 mortgage物业 property management房地产开发商 real estate developer未售出的存量房 stockpile of unsold houses房契、产权 title改革的力度 the momentum of reform改组、重组 restructure高新技术产业 high and new technology industries个人消费贷款 individual consumption loan个体、私营 self-employed or private enterprises更具活力更加开放的经济体系 a more open and viable economic system工业园区 industrial park公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system公投 referendum公有制经济 the public sector of the economy股份制 joint-stock system固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets经济弊病economic ills经济带economic belts经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth 国际信托投资 international trust and investment国民经济 the national economy国民经济的支柱 pillar of the national economy国民经济命脉 the lifeline of the national economy国有经济的布局和结构 layout and structure of the state sector 国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOE)国有企业改革和展the reform and development of state-owned enterprises合法经营 lawful business operations黑市 black market基础设施 infrastructure减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency节约的,经济的economical经济杠杆作用economic leverage经济结构战略strategic adjustment of the economic structure经济全球化 economic globalization经济特区 special economic zones(SEZ)经济文化交流 economic and cultural exchanges发经济效益好 good economic returns经济增长 economic growth经济总量 economic aggregate可持续发展 sustainable development跨越式发展 leapfrog development扩大内需 expand domestic demand拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth性调整劳动力 labor劳务输出 export of labor services两岸经济合作 cross-straits economic cooperation民营科技企业non-public scientific and technological enterprises南北差距 the north-south gap农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农业的市场竞争力competitiveness of agriculture in the market泡沫经济bubble economy贫富悬殊 income disparity贫困地区 impoverished areas贫困人口 impoverished people瓶颈制约 bottleneck restrictions取得领先地位 assume leadership取缔非法收入 outlaw illegal gains人民币非常坚挺 the RMB is very strong/ firm三资企业(中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外商独资企业)Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China社会经济稳定 social and economic stability社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment社会生产落后 the backwardness of social production社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy社会主义现代化建设 socialist modernization深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE(state-owned enterprises)reform生活富裕 an affluent life世界经济波动world economic fluctuations市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy市政工程 municipal works;public works试点工程、试点项目 pilot project收入悬殊 excessive disparity in income私营部分 private sector私营企业 private enterprise财产税 property tax保护关税 protective duty/tariff岁入税;关税收入revenue tax商业银行 commercial banks建设银行 construction bank工商银行 industrial & commercial bank中国银行 bank of China农业银行 agricultural bank交通银行bank of communications招商银行 merchants bank税收taxation农业税 agricultural tax保税区 bonded area消费税 consumption tax个人所得税 personal income tax营业税 sales tax 关税 tariff逃税、漏税 tax evasion 免税期 tax holiday 纳税人 tax payer 税收政策 tax policy 税收减除 tax relief脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption 投资 investment 投资地点investment destination 投资环境investment environment投资机构investment institutions投资热investment fever投资者investor投资政策investment policy外商直接投资foreign direct investment外向型经济outward-looking economy外资企业overseas-funded enterprises;foreign-funded company 完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy温饱 having only adequate food and clothing稳定物价 stabilize prices稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy外汇 foreign exchange外汇储备 reign exchange reserves外汇管理局 SAFE(State Administration of Foreign Exchange)外汇管制 foreign exchange control外汇汇率 foreign exchange rate外商直接投资 direct foreign investment西部地区China’s western region西部大发the large-scale development of China’s western region下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending消费者权日International Day for Consumers’ Rights and Interests国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy需求疲软weak demand亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis衣食住用food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure开益行招商inviting tenders;leasing振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry资源消耗低low resources consumption政府资助项目government-sponsored programs质检QC(quality check)中部地区the central region中长期国外投资medium-and long-term foreign investment 中国出口商品交易会(广会)China Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fair)中国加入世贸组织China’s entry into the WTO中国购物中心论坛 China Shopping Center Forum中国电信 China Telecom中国联通 China Unicom中国移动 China Mobile中信(中国国际信托投资公司)Citic group中央银行 the Central Bank / PBOC专卖店 exclusive agency;franchised store资源优化配置 optimize resource allocation自负盈亏responsible for one’s own profits and losses自给自足autarky自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free trade zone交自由职业人员free-lance professionals重点项目 key project国家重点工程national key projects南水北调 South-to-North water diversion西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project第二篇:经济与改革口译词汇I Terms 计划/市场经济体制社会福利与保障体系 social welfare and security system 2 转变政府职能the transformation of the government functions 分工协作 division of responsibility 政府包揽的工作 work undertaken by government 宏观/微观经济macro/micro-economy 4 借鉴refer to and study 丰硕成果abundant accomplishment 系统工程systematic engineering project greenhouse effect 温室效应drug –trafficking counterproductive 反作用 public utilities 公共事业 redistribution 重新分配 command based economy 指令性经济 transparency 透明度seek truth from facts ingenuity 奋斗精神sweeping transformation 势不可挡的变革grandeur 辉煌10不健全的体制flawed system 新兴工业国 newly industrialized nations 11十分重视 attach great importance to 精神财富 the spiritual legacy12顺应时代的潮流 keep up with the trend of the times 国情national conditions 13精神动力 spiritual motivation14正视遇到的困难和障碍look squarely into the difficulties and obstacles 沧海巨变 profound changes 金融秩序认真对待,切实解决be addressed seriously and resolved effectively 16 it is imperative to 日益密切的全球经济 the closely intertwined global economy 正常运行normal functions 全国人大NPC 18 全国政协CPPCC 中共中央 CPCCC19独立选举单位independent constituency 民主法制建设democratic and legal construction20民主监督 democratic supervision 参政议政 participation in and discussion on politics 21宗教信仰religious belief 人权状况human rights situation 22普遍原则 universal Principle 全球人权事业global human rights cause23生产力实现四个现代化24摆脱殖民枷锁shake off the yoke of colonialism 审视处理view and handle 25 财政收入revenue 科技成果转化the transformation of S&T advances 财税 fiscal taxation 生产、流通和消费producing, circulation and consumption 国际多边舞台the global multilateral arena 招标bid 28 出口加工区export processing zone 对外承包工程 overseas contracted projects 市场多元化 market diversification 以市场为导向 market-oriented 30 国有企业stated-owned enterprise 个体企业self-employed enterprise31私营企业 private enterprise 合资企业 joint venture独资企业solely foreign-funded enterprise 有限公司corporation ltd.33 精神文明建设the progress of spiritual civilization/ cultural and ethical civilization实施西部大开发战略the strategy of great development of China’s western regions统筹规划、分步实施a comprehensive plan carried out in a step-by-step manner 36 政治体制改革 political restructuring 优化经济结构 to optimize economic structure实行积极的财政和货币政策to carry out proactive fiscal and monetary policy 38 转变政府职能to shift the functions of the government自由职业者 freelancer 再就业工程 reemployment project 40 扩大内需to expand domestic demand 提高经济效益to better economic performance持续/可持续发展 sustained/sustainable development 42 素质/应试教育 exam-oriented/ test-oriented educationmarket capitalization 总市值stock exchange 股票交易所44 Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院 the Royal Society 英国皇家学会 45 metropolis/ cosmopolitan city/ conurbation 大都市per capita 人均 purchasing power 购买力double/ triple/treble/ quadruple/quintuple 蒸蒸日上 prosperand progress 48 切实take concrete steps/ measures 千家万户every household 49 努力 spare no efforts to, make great efforts to, strive to, work hard to, endeavor to上市公司listed/ public company 注册资金registered funds/capital 51 联合开发 joint development 技术转让 technology transfer 52 项目预算 project budget 投标 making a bid 53 中介服务机构 intermediary services 免税期 tax holiday可行性研究feasibility study 拉动经济发展to promote economic development转口贸易transit trade 股份合作制joint share/stock-holding partnership防范金融风险prevent financial risks 国有控股企业state holding enterprise劳动/技术/资金/知识密集型企业 labor-intensive industrythe primary industry/ the second industry/the service sector, i e the tertiary industry遏制通货紧缩/膨胀controlling/ quelling/ checking deflation/inflation 60 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 自由贸易区 FTZ 61 兼并 merger 破产 bankruptcy改革试点trial/ pilot reform 社区服务功能the functions of community service扭亏为盈reduction of loss and increase of profits 三讲the Three Emphasis培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas “三个代表” the Three Represents刺激经济增长 to stimulate economic growth 宏观调控 macro-control and regulatory养老、失业、医疗保险金 old-age, unemployment and medical insurance premiums 67 下岗工人laid-off workers 中心环节key link 68 廉政建设 to build a clean and honest government 创汇产品 hard-cash earning exports监事会 board of supervisors 竞争有序 orderly competition富余员工 redundant workers 代理制 proxy system 71 初步建立现代企业制度implementing a preliminary modern enterprise system 72不可逆转的历史潮流 irreversible historical trend 自我封闭self-seclusion 73 回应我们庄重呼吁respond to our solemn appeal 自力更生 self-reliance 74 风险资本 venture capital 新兴技术budding tech外商直接投资direct foreign investment 新兴市场emerging market 76 经济特区SEZ 新兴工业化国家newly-developed industrialized countries外向型企业 export-oriented enterprise 抓住机遇 to seize the current opportunity高新技术开发区 high and new technology development zone 公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system 80 实施科教兴国战略to implement the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education 社会事业 social undertakings发展是硬道理 Development is the absolute principle.82 退耕还林returning cultivated land to forests 主体地位dominant position 83 封山绿化 closing off hillsides to facilitate afforestation 84 volatility 易变性 grandiosity 宏伟undulating moods 起伏的情绪 contrarian position 截然不同的立场 86 全面/更加对外开放生态建设 ecological conservation 87 欣欣向荣 move rapidly to prosperity 预期效果 expected results 齐心协力to work in unison 健康发展sound/healthy development 89 收入分配制度 income distribution system 约束机制 restraint mechanisms 90 公有/私有制 public/private ownership 大中型企业 large and medium-sized enterprises率先实现现代化 take the lead to achieve modernization精干的研究者 top-notch researchers 开拓更多的海外市场 open up more markets abroad 93 配额管理quota management equitable 公正合理的commerce, banking, insurance, securities, telecom, commerce, tourism, real estateclosed its door to the outside world 闭关锁国 stagnation 停滞96 处在技术复兴运动的前列on the cusp of a technological renaissance 97 affiliated to 附属于 prestigious 久负盛名的medical equipment manufacturer 医疗器械设备制造厂有中国特色的社会主义 99 集中研究 pool research efforts on impetuosity 急躁bulletin board 电子布告栏 hallucination 幻觉 101 筹资 to raise money 普通老百姓 the general publicbull/bear market stockbroker 经纪人stock dealer 股票交易商股票交易系统 stock trading systemstock index 股指 bear/bull marketthe New York Stock Exchange 纽约股票交易所shareholders’ meetings 106 the Dow Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业指数BMW 宝马 107 the NASDAQ Composite Index 纳斯达克综合指数Mercedes 奔驰从国情出发proceed from national situation 行之有效的effective 109 履行国际义务 to fulfill its international obligation 大规模 on a large scale污染防治pollution prevention and treatment 国土控管territorial controlcomprehensively work on 综合整治植被 vegetation行为准则 code of conduct 一如既往地 consistently 113 任重而道远 an enduring and overwhelming task 转轨 changing 114 产业结构调整industrial readjustment 拜金主义money worship and obsession传统美德 traditional virtues 都市化 urbanization 116 出路 way out 孕育 entails/give birth to 117 冲击 to exert a negative impact on 人口老龄化 the aging of the population学术报告 presentation 奉献 dedication to 119 发展不平衡 the imbalance of development 推广popularize 120 街道委员会residential district committee 切合时宜 timely蓬勃发展 progress in a vigorous manner 十五计划 the T enth Five-Year Plan里弄居民委员会neighborhood 民政部Ministry of Civil Administration2010年远景目标 The Long Range Objectives for the Year 2010 眼前收益 immediate yielda paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典范 stodgy平庸的distill a lesson 吸取教训 paramount 最高的unethical manners 不道德手段 too much leeway 过度宽容 127 三通 establish the direct links of postal, air and shipping services and trade across the Taiwan Straithands-off management 放任自流的管理资本增殖capital appreciationin a nutshell 总的说来 opt for 选择 equities 股票以民族大义为重 take into consideration of the overall interest of the Chinese nationcorporate bonds 公司债券 the repayment of the loan in full at maturity 倒是能收回接触资金credit rating agency 信誉评级机构 assign ratings to 签发债券等级liquidity 资产流动性 liquidate 清算commercial exploitation 商业盘剥的目的 dainty shoes 轻巧的皮鞋 135 hem-line 服饰折边 monopoly 垄断 reverent 庄严的136intelligentsia 知识界跨地区,跨行业,跨所有制cross-regional, cross-trade and cross-ownershipeloquence of diction 雄辩的辞令 compassion 同情attribute to 归功于多钟联动环节 multiple linkagesintegrative talents 综合才能 utmost importance 头等重要 140 市场动力 market dynamics innovation 更新retail/whole-sale price 零售价/批发价畜牧 animal husbandry 142 aquaculture 水产养殖业经济增长点points for economic growth乡镇企业 township enterprises power-generating capacity 发电量高速公路 expressway 光缆 optical cable财政支出financial expenditures 外汇储备foreign currency reserve可支配收入disposable income 人口自然增长率natural population growth ratecurrency supply 货币供应量 convertible 可自由兑换的 148 拉开帷幕 be formally staged basic framework 基本框架 149 机构臃肿bloated size of the government institutions 官僚主义 bureaucracy 150 文牍主义 red tape 贪污腐败 bred and corruption 151 不正之风unhealthy practices the allocation of resources 资源分配152 公务员 public servants contingent of administers 行政管理干部队伍153 忠实履行职责 faithfully perform their official duties 勤政廉政 industrious and honest154 incompatibilities with 与…相矛盾骨干企业 key enterprises 155 抓大放小 manage large enterprises well while relaxing control over small ones 156 公有制public/private ownership 配套改革supportive reforms 157 改组改造 reorganizing and upgrading 售后服务after-sale service 158 市场营销marketing 调整产业结构readjust product mix159 自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses 和平统一160 公司制corporative enterprise 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management 161 股份合作制stock cooperative system 权责分明to delineate the rights and responsibilities162 不可分割的神圣领土inalienable sacred territory 同胞compatriots 163 分裂活动splittist activities 国家统一national reunification第三篇:中高级口译最新高频词汇沪江网·新东方2008英语口译全国网络大会中高级口译最新高频词汇汇编:(07、3)(上海新东方口译教研组专用)历年口译考试都有大量特色词汇出现,而且呈现较高的重现率,新东方发现了这一现象,从而对历年口译笔试中高频词汇作了总结汇总如下,希望对参加07年3月笔试的考生的备考有所帮助!Allocate 分配 Arise出现 Attach 赋予粘上Characterize 以。
改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译
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改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译(一)一、文化类选秀 talent show /talent-search show(NBA的选秀叫做draft,但和这种真人秀reality TV show 显然不是一回事)高考college (or university) entrance examination高考移民NCEE migrant驴友Donkey Friends人肉搜索Cyber Manhunt“四有” 新人New Generation with “Four Qualifications”保安,保镖security staff, security guard, body guard名片business card粉丝fans发廊hair salon跳槽job-hopping红包convert payment; (neutral)red paper containing money as a gift,(derogative) bribe, kickback八卦gossip婚纱照wedding photo走穴(又叫赚外快)(actors, singers, etc.) perform for outside salary income without approval by t he unit they belong to ”VCD 是video compact disk 缩写,泛指一种影碟机。
晒工资wages online exposure非典型肺炎、非典、沙士SARS二、社会类蛤蟆镜goggles交谊舞ballroom dancing喇叭裤bell-bottomed pants; flare trousers大哥大GSM mobile telephoneBP机(寻呼机)Beep Pager万元户ten- thousand-yuan household五好家庭Five Virtues Family呼拉圈hula hoop彩电colored television set倒爷(指的是那些倒买倒卖的人)profiteer; wheeler-dealer 面的taxi下海go into business下岗再就业re-employment of laid-off workers下岗get laid off黄金周golden week农民工migrant worker房奴mortgage slave钉子户“dingzihu”; nail house黄牛党(俗称的“票贩子)ticket scalper传销pyramid selling走后门pull the string潜规则hidden rule超女”super girl (Super Girl Contest)按揭mortgage双休日two-day weekend炒鱿鱼get fired博客blog炒股to speculate in the stock market三、经济类“三农”问题Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area两限房House of “Two Limits”农村税费改革Rural Tax and Fee Reform“三沿”地区开放Opening-up of seashore, river shore and border areas农村土地承包制Rural Land Contract System抓大放小Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones 经济适用房Economical Housing三资企业Foreign-funded enterprises铁饭碗Iron Rice Bowl菜篮子工程Non-Staple Food Project西部大开发Western Development又好又快发展Sound and Fast Development小康社会 A moderately prosperous society循环经济Circular Economy社会主义新农村Socialist New Countryside新型工业化道路New Path of Industrialization南水北调工程South-to-North Water Diversion Project分税制Tax Sharing System三来一补企业Enterprises of Three Import and Compensation Trade利改税Tax for Profits兴边富民行动Program to Revitalize Border Areas and Enrich Residents’ Lives绿色信贷Green Credit廉租房Low-rent Housing家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract Responsibility System假日经济Holiday Economy财产性收入Property Income“三步走”战略Three-Step Development Strategy金税工程Golden Tax Project四、时政类一国两制One Country, Two Systems和谐社会A Harmonious society三通Three Direct Links大部制Super-Ministry System三个代表Three Represents科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development双拥Double Support保持党员先进性教育Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard Nature 和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace“三讲” 教育“Three Emphasis” Education党务公开Open Management of Party Affairs爱国统一战线Patriotic United Front南巡讲话South Tour Speeches实事求是To Seek Truth from Facts与时俱进Keep Up With the Times信访Letters and Visits星火计划Spark Program以人为本Put People First两岸直航包机Direct Chartered Flight Across the Taiwan Straits基层群众自治制度System of Community Level Self-Governance多党合作和政治协商制度System of Multi-party Cooperation and Political Consultation依法治国Rule of Law民主集中制Democratic Centralism政企分开Separate Government Functions from Enterprise Management863计划863 Program农转非Change From Rural Residents to Urban Residents。
三改革开放解读
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汉英分类词汇(03)--改革开放词汇保险业The in sura nee in dustry 保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of bus in ess 补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payme nts in arrears 不良贷款Non —performin g loa n层层转包和违法分保Multi-level con tract ing and illegalsubc on tract ing 产值output value 城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urba n and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum sta ndard of liv ing for city reside nts 城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical in sura neefor urba n workers 抽样调查data from the sample survey 出口信贷Exportcredit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist pla nned commodity economy. 贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法The five-category assets classificati on for bank loa ns第一产业sec on dary in dustry 第三产业tertiaryin dustry第一产业primary in dustry独资企业wholly foreig nown ed/f un deden terprise 发电量electric en ergy producti on 发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险Take precautions against and reduce finan cial risks防洪工程Flood-preve ntio n project非法外汇交易Illegal foreig n excha nge tran sacti on 非公有成分non-public sectors 非贸易收汇Foreig n excha nge earnings through non trade cha nn els非银行金融机构Non-ba nk finan cial in stituti ons 费改税Tran sform admi nistrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distributio n 风险资金risk funds 副业sideli ne producti on改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
口译分类词汇
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口译分类词汇:改革开放与经济建设常用词(1)经济波动economic fluctuation经济复苏economic recovery经济杠杆economic levers经济平衡economic balance经济趋势economic trend经济渠道economic channels经济全球化economic globalization经济失调指数misery index经济衰退economic depression经济腾飞economic take-off /boom经济弊病economic ills经济带economic belts经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth经济杠杆作用economic leverage经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure 经济全球化economic globalization经济特区special economic zones(SEZ)经济文化交流economic and cultural exchanges经济效益好good economic returns经济增长economic growth经济总量economic aggregate可持续发展sustainable development跨越式发展leapfrog development扩大内需expand domestic demand繁荣与稳定prosperity and stability拉动经济增长fuel economic growth劳动力labor劳务输出export of labor services两岸经济合作cross-straits economic cooperation民营科技企业non-public scientific and technological enterprises南北差距the north-south gap农村富余劳动力surplus rural labor农业的市场竞争力competitiveness of agriculture in the market泡沫经济bubble economy贫富悬殊income disparity瓶颈制约bottleneck restrictions取得领先地位assume leadership取缔非法收入outlaw illegal gains社会经济稳定social and economic stability社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment社会生产落后the backwardness of social production社会主义市场经济socialist market economy社会主义现代化建设socialist modernization深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE(state-owned enterprises)reform 生活富裕an affluent life世界经济波动world economic fluctuations市场经济秩序the order of the market economy市政工程municipal works; public works外商直接投资foreign direct investment外向型经济outward-looking economy外资企业overseas-funded enterprises; foreign-funded company完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy 温饱having only adequate food and clothing稳定物价stabilize prices稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy西部大开发the large-scale development of China’s western region下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending消费者权益日International Day for Consumers’ Rights and Interests 国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy需求疲软weak demand亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure招商inviting tenders; leasing振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry政府资助项目government-sponsored programs资源优化配置optimize resource allocation自负盈亏responsible for one’s own profits and losses自给自足autarky自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free trade zone自由职业人员free-lance professionals重点项目key project国家重点工程national key projects南水北调South-to-North water diversion西电东送West-East electricity transmission project西气东输West-East natural gas transmission project发展不平衡disparate development发展民族经济develop the national economy发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need翻两番quadruple放宽经营条件限制relax business restrictions扶贫helping the poor改善投资环境improve the investment environment管制经济controlled economy规模经济economy of scale国产化率import substitution rate ;localization rate of parts and国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gorss domestic product (GDP)合理引导消费guide rational consumption宏观调控macro-control混合经济mixed economy基本国情fundamental realities of the country积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy实现零的突破achieve the zero breakthrough实用,有效,廉价,方便practical ,efficient ,economical and convenient for use市政当局municipality适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy私营成分,私营部门private sector停滞;萧条stagnation通货紧缩deflation (of currency )统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统一市场single market托管制度trusteeship网络经济cybereconomy伪劣商品赔还法lemon law温饱工程project for adequate food and clothing效益农业profitable agriculture新兴经济emerging economies养老金pension以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存,求发展,求效益strive for survival ,development and efficiency on the basis of quality优化结构和提高效益optimized structure and better economic returns 优税待遇preferential taxation treatment有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics与国际市场接轨integrate with the world market ;become integrated into the global market中国经济景气检测中心China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会China New Economy Summit主体经济the mainstay of the economy专属经济区exclusive economic zone追赶型和跨越式发展pursuant and leap-forward development资源配置the distribution / allocation of resources自由经济liberal economy政治经济学political economy按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance摆脱贫穷和落后shaking off poverty and backwardness保持国民经济持续,快速,健康发展maintain sustained ,rapid and sound development of the national economy 保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy边际报酬marginal return变相涨价disguised price hikes不正之风bad/harmful practice ;unhealthy tendency财政经济状况financial and economic conditions财政收支平衡fiscal balance(产品)分销sub-underwriting ;distribution草根农业grass-roots industry产粮大省granary province朝阳产业sunrise industry传销multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling打假crack down on counterfeit goods弹性工资flexible pay等外品off-grade goods ;rejects第一产业primary industury第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation恶性循环vicious circle二次创业start a new undertaking浮动工资floating wages ;fluctuating wages高科技板块high-tech sector根本好转fundamental turn for the better工薪阶层salariat ;state employee ;salaried person 公司分立与解散separation and dissolution of a company国家利益interest of the state红包(中)red envelope containing money as a gift ;(贬)bribe ;双边和多边经济合作bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 跳蚤市场flea market奔小康strive for relatively comfortable life博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia不良贷款bad loans产品本土化product localization产业不景气industrial depression产业的升级换代upgrading of industries产业格局industrial pattern产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure城市经济学urban economics城乡居民收入income of urban and rural residents城镇化urbanization城镇居民可支配收入urban per capita disposable income持续快速健康发展sustained, rapid and sound development充足的发展空间ample room for development重复生产duplication of production传统产业traditional industries创业机制business mechanism刺激经济活动stimulate economic activities刺激有效需求stimulate effective demand促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy大幅度跃升rise by a big margin大开发the large-scale development带动经济增长spur economic growth独资公司exclusively-funded venture翻两番quadruple非公有制经济non-public sectors of the economy风险资金venture capital国民经济的支柱pillar of the national economy国民经济命脉the lifeline of the national economy国有经济的布局和结构layout and structure of the state sector国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOE)国有企业改革和发展the reform and development of state-owned enterprises 合法经营lawful business operations基础设施infrastructure节约的,经济的economical。
高级口译教程配套核心词汇(改革发展)
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《高级口译教程》(第四版)配套核心词汇(改革发展)改革试点trial/pilot reform可行性研究feasibility study国有控股企业state holding enterprise兼并破产merger and bankruptcy扭亏增盈reduction of loss and increase of profits亏损企业脱困turn around loss-making/loss-generating enterprises退出战略exit strategy刺激有效内需stimulate effective domestic demand发展可持续性的循环经济promote cyclic economy for sustainable development增发长期国债issue additional long-term treasury bonds上市融资seek financing by listing on the stock market劳动/知识密集型产业labor-intensive/knowledge-intensive industry股份合作制joint stock-holding partnership股份转让transfer of shares免税期tax holiday招标call for/invite tenders投标make a bid招标投标法the Law on Bidding上市公司listed/public company风险资本venture capital独资企业exclusively funded venture经济特区special economic zone (SEZ)保税/自由贸易区bonded/free trade zone公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system 规范监事会制度standardize the board of supervisors system廉政建设build a clean and honest government合同管理制contract management system完善社会保障体系improve social security system/safety net。
改革开放的英语单词
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改革开放的英语单词
改革开放的英语单词是 "Reform and Opening-up",这个术语通常用来描述中国自 1978 年开始实施的经济改革政策,旨在推动中国经济的现代化和对外开放。
以下是五个与改革开放相关的英语单词及意思:
2. Economic Reform:经济改革,指对经济制度进行的调整和变革,以提高经济效率和促进经济发展。
3. Open Door Policy:开放政策,指国家实行的对外开放政策,鼓励外国投资和贸易,促进国际交流与合作。
4. Market Economy:市场经济,一种经济制度,主要依靠市场机制来配置资源和决定价格。
5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):外国直接投资,指外国投资者在另一个国家进行的长期投资,以获取该国的资产或经营业务。
改革四级汉译英词汇-推荐下载
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色,香,味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance四大菜系:山东菜,四川菜,粤菜,扬州菜four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine南淡北咸,东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northern cuisine the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine八宝菜eight-treasure pickles ( assorted walnut meats , asparagus , lettuce , almonds , cucumber and peanuts , etc . pickled in soy sauce )八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits , sweetened bean paste , lotus seeds , longan , etc.)白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken inwater and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings )臭豆腐odd-odour bean curb粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour风味小吃local delicacy腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream冷盘hors d’oeuvres萨其马Manchu candied fritter cut in squares刀切,火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control切片slicing切条cutting to strips 切丝shredding切柳filleting切丁dicing切碎mincing磨碎grinding大/旺/武火strong heat中火medium heat 小/微/文火gentle heat烹饪方法Cooking Techniques 煎pan-frying炒stir-frying爆quick-frying炸deep-frying烩stewing熏smoking煨simmering煮boiling烘baking烤roasting蒸steaming红烧braising (with soy sauce )涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices羊肉串小摊mutton barbecue stall宗教Religions佛教Buddhism释迦牟尼Sakyamuni佛寺Buddhist temple大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆vegetarian restaurant罗汉堂arhat hall观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara 地藏God of Earth四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas四大天王Four Heavenly Kings因果报应karma藏传佛教Lamaism大藏经Tripitaka转世灵童reincarnated soul boy喇嘛庙lamasery道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest关帝庙temple of Lord Guan儒教ConfucianismConfucian temple孔子Confucius义,礼,智,信,忠,恕,孝,悌r i g h t n e s s,p r o p r i e t y,w i s d o m,t r u s t w o r t h i n e s s,l o y a l t y,r e c i p r o c i t y,f i l a l p i e t y, brotherly love学儿优则仕A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels in study can follow an official career .禅宗Zen Buddhism不立别传,不立文字,直指人心,见性成佛。
改革开放经典词汇
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改革开放30年经典热词回放经济类三农"问题Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural areaA short term for the issues related with agriculture, farmer and rural areaFormally raised by researchers on rural issues in the late 1980s, the issues were regarded as of high importance for the country's economic and social development.两限房House of "Two Limits"The houses with lower prices and limited areasIn May 2006, the State Council required local governments to boost the supply of houses at low and middle prices to ensure the families of modest income could afford them.农村税费改革Rural Tax and Fee ReformA reform in rural areas to ease the financial burden on farmersIn 2000, a pilot program was started in Anhui province under which the agricultural tax rate was cut, other agriculture-related taxes and fees were either written off or merged. It was soon extended to other regions and the agricultural tax was totally done away with in 2006 throughout the country, marking the completion of this reform."三沿"地区开放Opening-up of seashore, river shore andborder areasA policy to open the areas along the coast, along the major inland rivers and those on the country's borderline to foreign investors, stimulating the economic development with their geographic advantages农村土地承包制Rural Land Contract SystemA fundamental economic system in rural areas guaranteeing farmers' rights to land owned by the collectives and the State by signing long-term contracts抓大放小Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small OnesA strategy for reforming the State-owned enterprisesstressing that the major enterprises in key sectors should be supported to gain further development while the smaller ones should compete in the market经济适用房Economical HousingHousing sold at low prices to low-income earners to get them affordable sheltersStarting in 1998, the central government decided to offer favorable policies to housing developers so that they could build apartments of specified sizes and prices.三资企业Foreign-funded enterprisesA term for three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures in ChinaIt includes Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses, and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises.铁饭碗Iron Rice BowlA guaranteed job many Chinese people dreamed of getting during the era of the planned economy菜篮子工程Non-Staple Food ProjectA project initiative to ensure the supply of vegetables, diary, pork and poultry products other than grainsIn 1988, the Ministry of Agriculture started this project against a background that the country could not produce enough non-grain food with rich diversity.西部大开发Western DevelopmentA drive launched by the central government in 2000 to promote social and economic progress in the central and western parts of the country, which are relatively less developed than the rest of the country.又好又快发展Sound and Fast DevelopmentA goal set for China's economic progress that underscores both quality and speedOfficials attending the Central Economic Work Conference in 2005 made "fast and sound" development one of the country's goals. In 2007, president Hu Jintao said the economy must advance in a comprehensive, balanced and sustainable manner by putting "sound" before "fast".小康社会A moderately prosperous societyA blueprint for the development of the society featuring comprehensive improvement in the economy, democracy, science and technology, social culture, and people's lives循环经济Circular EconomyA model for economic growth which aims at environmental protection, pollution prevention and sustainable development社会主义新农村Socialist New CountrysideThe concept first appeared in early 2005 in a major policy paper on rural developmentThe CPC proposed a blueprint for the country's 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-10). It portrays the "new countryside" as featuring "advanced production, a well-to-do life, civilized folkways, a neat look, and democratic management".新型工业化道路New Path of IndustrializationA strategy for industrialization emphasizing reliance on technological progress, improved efficiency in resource and energy utilization, and sustainable economic growth南水北调工程South-to-North Water Diversion ProjectA major project to channel water from the Yangtze River in the southern part of the country to the north through three canalsThe project, considered by the authorities since the 1950s, was formally launched in 2002. With an estimated investment of 486 billion yuan, the three canals will be capable of transferring 44.8 billion cu m of water by 2050.分税制Tax Sharing SystemA policy arrangement between the central government and local governments on collecting and spending of different taxes China started a reform in 1994 to introduce this system and established State taxation administrations as well as local taxation administrations to implement the system.三来一补企业Enterprises of Three Import andCompensation TradeA shorthand for enterprises that process imported raw materials, manufacture products according to imported samples, assemble imported parts and those that repay loans for imported equipments and technologies with products利改税Tax for ProfitsA reform measure requiring State-owned enterprises (SOEs) to pay taxes instead of submitting their profits to the administrationThe State Council introduced this reform in 1983 by levying a 55 percent income tax on medium and large SOEs rather than taking their profits. Other measures soon followed, creating a complete tax scheme to encourage competition.兴边富民行动Program to Revitalize Border Areas and EnrichResidents' LivesA State campaign to boost social and economic development of regions along the land borderlineIn 1998, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission started the program to improve the lives of the ethnic people who comprise 48 percent of the 21 million residents in 135 counties along the borderline.绿色信贷Green CreditA policy to encourage the businesses to observe the rules and regulations about environmental protection with the leverage of bank creditsThe policy requires the commercial banks, when reviewing the application for bank credits, to consider whether the applying businesses have followed the environmental rules.廉租房Low-rent HousingState-owned houses are rented out at modest prices to low-income families who do not have proper housing in the cities.In 1998, the central government required all cities to offer low-rent housing to families with the lowest income before the end of 2006 and the deadline was later changed to the end of 2007.家庭联产承包责任制Household Contract ResponsibilitySystemThe system allows farming households to manage agricultural production on their own initiatives while the farmland remains in the ownership of the rural collective.Started in Xiaogang village in Anhui province in the late 1970s, the system enables farmers to use land through long-term contracts and keep the produce after paying taxes.假日经济Holiday EconomyA popular term to describe the huge public spending during holidays which contributes significantly to economic growth and structural upgradeIn 1999, the State Council decided to extend the public holidays for May Day, National Day and Spring Festival to one week. The holidays became good opportunities for people to travel, shop and generally enjoy themselves.财产性收入Property IncomeEarnings from bank deposits, securities, houses and other personal or family propertiesIn his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2007, General Secretary Hu Jintao stressed, for the first time, that conditions should be created to enable citizens to earn income from their property. Hu's remarks sent the message that China would advance the development of its capital market, enabling investors to share the economic boom.“三步走”战略Three-Step Development StrategyA plan for boosting the economy by hitting three major targets over three different time spansOriginally floated by the central government in 1987, the first step was to double the GDP of 1980 by 1990 and to ensure that most of the population had enough food and clothing. The second step was to double the annual GDP of 1990 by 2000 and ensure that most people were living prosperous lives. The third step is to quadruple the GDP of 2000 by 2020, ensure that most people are living well-off lives and have a fully operational market economy in China.金税工程Golden Tax ProjectThe establishment of a uniform computer network across the country through which taxation authorities at all levels can better serve taxpayersStarted in 1994, the project aims to improve the transparency and efficiency of tax collection and supervision.时政类一国两制One Country, Two SystemsAn idea formally put forward by Deng Xiaoping in the early 1980s to reunify the countryDeng suggested that there should only be one China, but the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, once reunifiedwith the rest of the country, could retain their original economic and political systems while other parts keep pursuing socialism.三通Three Direct LinksShorthand for direct links in post, transportation and trade between the Chinese mainland and TaiwanIn the early 1980s, the central government appealed to the Taiwan authorities for opening "three links". The latter has consistently refused, but had to make concessions in the face of growing cross-Straits exchanges.和谐社会A Harmonious societyA blueprint for social development featuring decent living standards for the majority of people, a tolerant society and peaceful coexistence between the human society and nature The concept was first floated in 2004 and then amplified in October 2006, when the Party set specific goals for building a harmonious society by 2020.大部制Super-Ministry SystemA very recent idea to restructure central governmentoffices so that ministries, commissions and departments of the State Council with similar or overlapping functions can be merged into super-ministries三个代表Three RepresentsFormer CPC General Secretary Jiang Zemin, who was credited with its creation, literally admonished his comrades to "represent the development trend of China's most advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's most advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people".科学发展观Scientific Outlook on DevelopmentA concept initiated by the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2003It stresses a comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development that is people-orientated.双拥Double SupportShorthand for the administrative effort to enhance ties between the army and civilian communitiesIn essence, the expression means local governments andcommon people should support the army and give preferential treatment to the families of service people, particularly those killed while on the job, while soldiers should support the government and love the people.保持党员先进性教育Campaign to Educate Party Members toPreserve Their Vanguard NatureA campaign by the Communist Party of China to educate its members to stick firmly to the principles of the Party and serve the people so as to keep the Party's vigor and leading role in the country.和平共处五项原则Five Principles of Peaceful CoexistenceA set of norms governing relations between nations first raised by ChinaPut forward by Premier Zhou Enlai in 1953 during negotiations between China and India, the five principles were originally meant to maintain friendly ties. Under the principles, both sides agreed to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of each other, not to invade the soil of each other, do not interfere in each other's internal affairs, the ties should be equally based, and mutually beneficial for the two countriesto coexist peacefully.社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and DisgraceAn idea put forward to instill a value of moral standards among the public, especially youngsters, in line with Chinese traditional values and modern virtuesThe concept underscores the value of patriotism, consciousness of serving the people, belief in science, hard work, solidarity, honesty, observation of the law and plain living. It condemns the opposite of these virtues as disgraces."三讲" 教育"Three Emphasis" EducationA campaign by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to remind Party officials to pay more attention to theoretical study, improve their political awareness, and be honest and upright党务公开Open Management of Party AffairsAn institutional arrangement for branches of the Communist Party of China (CPC) at all levels to improve transparency爱国统一战线Patriotic United FrontA political union of all socialist laborers, patriots supporting socialism and patriots supporting the unification of China南巡讲话South Tour SpeechesA series of speeches delivered by the late leader Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, during his inspection tour of southern Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shanghai in early 1992实事求是To Seek Truth from FactsA term stresses that facts or practices are the single standard by which to judge whether a theory is valid It is one of the core ideas of the Communist Party of China about socialism with Chinese characteristics.与时俱进Keep Up With the TimesAn expression that has become popular in official documents and speeches, accentuating the need on the part of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to keep pace with the rapid changes that have taken place in society信访Letters and VisitsA special term referring to actions of citizens or institutions to give information, make comments or suggestions and lodge complaints to the special administrative department in charge of receiving them through various forms星火计划Spark ProgramA State effort to popularize modern technologies in the rural areas to stimulate rural development and raise the farmers' income以人为本Put People FirstAn idea of the Communist Party of China (CPC) stresses that boosting the people's interests and development are the purpose of the Party as well as the State两岸直航包机Direct Chartered Flight Across the TaiwanStraitsFlights between designated airports on the Chinese mainland and Taiwan during major Chinese festivals基层群众自治制度System of Community LevelSelf-GovernanceA grassroots democratic system in which rural and urban citizens manage the public affairs in their organizations and communities多党合作和政治协商制度System of Multi-party Cooperationand Political ConsultationA basic political system in China under which the Communist Party of China (CPC), as the party in power, consults all non-Communist parties and representatives of non-party personages to reach a common understanding before taking major decisions依法治国Rule of LawA fundamental principle of governance that stresses that the country should be administered in accordance with the law民主集中制Democratic CentralismA principle of organization in the Communist Party of China (CPC) as well as in the country's political life, stressing both democracy and centralism政企分开Separate Government Functions from EnterpriseManagementAn effort to draw a clear line between the roles of the administration and of the businesses农转非Change From Rural Residents to Urban ResidentsA change in the residential status of people under the household registration system863计划863 ProgramA government program to stimulate the development of advanced technologies. The figure "863" comes from the fact that it was created in the third month of 1986社会类蛤蟆镜goggles太阳镜的一种,流行于上世纪80年代初以后,由于其夸张的造型而被戏称为“蛤蟆镜”。
汉英经改词汇
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汉英经改词汇A Chinese-English Glossary on China´s Economic Restructuring改革开放:the reform and open policy; the policy of reform and opening up; reform and opening to the outside world发展安定团结的政治局面:to enhance political unity and stability综合国力:comprehensive national strength; comprehensive strength of a state; (overall strength; all - around strength)市场繁荣:flourishing market supply跨国公司:transnational corporation多种经营:diversified economy多种经济成分竞争:diversified economic competition按劳分配制度:the principle of "to each according to his work"白手起家:starting from scratch按揭贷款:mortgage loan打白条:to issue IOUS; ( a promissory note without bounding effect大款:tycoon; big buck; money bags; millionaire公正、公平、公开:just , fair and open促进全球经济一体化:foster integration with the global economy把企业推向市场:encourage the enterprises to compete in the market拜金主义:money worship暴跌:steep fall (in price); slumps sharp fall; nose-dive; plunge工薪阶层:salaried person公积金:public accumulation funds骨干企业:key enterprises挂靠:be attached or affiliated to, be subordinate to观望态度:wait-and-see attitude国际惯例:international common practice货币化:monetization激励和制约体系:a system of incentives and disincentives集约经营:intensive operation多种经济成分:diverse sectors of the economy政法词汇国家电力公司State Electric Power Corporation国家发展计划委员会State Development & Planning Commission国家防汛总指挥郭办公室State Flood Prevention General Command Office国家房管局State Housing Management Bureau国家纺织工业局State Administration on Textile Industry国家纺织工业局State Textile Industry Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家公诉人State Prosecutor国家广播电影电视总局The State Broadcasting Film and Television Administration国家国防动员委员会National Defense Mobilization Commission国家国内贸易局State Administration for Domestic Trade国家国有资产管理局State State-owned Assets Administration Bureau国家海洋局State Oceanic Administration国家核安全局State Nuclear Safety Bureau国家环境保护总局State Environment Protection Administration国家黄金管理局State Gold Administration Bureau国家机关人民防空办公室State Organ People Air Defence Office国家机械工业局State Administration of Machinery Industry国家基本建设委员会State Infrastructure Commission国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission国家计划委员会State Planning Commission国家计量局State Metrological Bureau机部机械设备成套总局General Office of Complete Set of Machinery of the First Machinery Industry Ministry of the State Construction Commission国家建筑材料工业局State Construction Materials Industry Administration国家教育委员会State Education Commission国家结构state structure国家进出口管理委员会State Import & Export Regulatory Commission国家进出口银行State Import & Export Bank国家禁毒委员会National Ban Drugs Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economy & Trade Commission国家经济体制改革委员会State Commission for Restructuring Economy国家经济委员会State Economy Commission国家开发银行State Development Bank国家开发银行办公厅General Office of State Development Bank国家科委自然科学奖励委员会State Science Commission国家科学发明评选委员会State Science Commission Invent Selection Commission 国家科学技术委员会State Scientific and Technological Commission国家劳动总局State Labour Bureau国家粮食储备局State Grain Reserves Bureau国家林业局State Bureau of Forestry国家旅游局State Bureau of Tourism国家煤炭工业局State Coal Industry Administration国家密码管理委员会办公室State Secret code Regulatory Commission Office国家民族事务委员会State National Affairs Commission国家南极考察委员会National South Pole Investigation Commission国家能源投资公司State Energy Resources Investment Corporation国家能源委员会State Energy Resources Commission国家农业委员会State Agriculture Commission国家农业综合开发办公室State Agriculture Comprehensive Development Office 国家破产储量管理局State Minerals Reserves Administration Bureau国家器具state apparatus国家轻工业局State Light Industry Administration国家轻工业局State Light Industry Bureau国家人防委员会State People´s Air Defense Commission国家人事局State Personnel Bureau国家商标局State Trademark Bureau国家商检局State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家石油和化学工业局State Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家水产总局State Aquatic Product General Bureau国家税务局National Taxation Head Office国家税务总局State Administration on Taxation国家所有权state ownership国家体育运动委员会State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家体育总局State Administration of Sports国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家土地State owned land国家土地管理局China Land Administration Bureau国家外国专家局State Foreign Expert Bureau国家外汇管理局State Foreign Exchange Administration Bureau国家文物局State Cultural Relic Bureau国家无线电管理委员会State Radio Regulatory Commission国家物价局State Price Control Bureau国家物资局State Commodities Bureau国家新闻出版署National News Publication Bureau (National Copyright Bureau)国家行政区域划分demarcation of national administrative zones国家行政学院Chinese Academy of Engineering Sciences国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration国家冶金工业局State Metallurgical Industry Bureau国家邮政局State Post Office Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Bureau国家语言文字工作委员会State Language Affairs Commission国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Bureau国家制度state system国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality Technical Supervision国家中医药管理局State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau国家主席President of the State国家自然科学基金委员会State Natural Science Funds Commission国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国库券treasury bills国民政府National Government国体polity国土资源部Ministry of Natural Resources国务院State Council国务院Safety manufacture Commission of the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council国务院参事室Counsellor Office of the State Council国务院出版事业管理局Publication Cause Administration Bureau of the Council国务院电子振兴领导小组办公室Electronic Rejuvenation Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院发展研究中心The State Development Research Center国务院法制办Legal Affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制局Bureau of the Legislative Affairs under the State Council国务院扶贫开发办Aid-the-Poor Development Office of the State Council国务院港澳办Hong Kong and Macao Office of the State Council国务院工资制度改革小组Salary Reform Group of the State Council国务院关税税则委员会Customs tariff Commission of the State Council国务院环境保护领导小组Environment Protection Leading Group of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Bureau of Institutional Affairs of the State Council国务院计划生育领导小组Family Planning Leading Group of the State Council国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议Lighten the Burden on the CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY国务院经法规研究中心Research Centre for Economic Legislation Under the State Council 国务院经济法规研究中心Economic Law Research Center of the State Council国务院经济贸易办公室Economic and Trade Office of the State Council国务院纠正行业不正之风办公室Correcting Industrial Illegitimate Practice Office of the State Council国务院军队转业干部安置工作小组Demobilized Army Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院科技干部局Science and Technology Cadre Bureau of the State Council国务院科技教育领导小组办公室Science and Technology Education Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院口岸领导小组Port Leading Group of the State Council国务院农村发展研究中心Rural Development Research Center of the State Council国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组Impoverished Area Economic Development Leading Group of the State Council国务院企业管理委员会Enterprise Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院侨务办公室Oversea Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组Liquidition and Assets Check Group of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组办公室Liquidation Assets Check Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院清理三角债导小组Clearing "Chain Debts" Leading Group of the State Council国务院清理固定资产投资项目领导小组Liquidition Fixed Asset Investment Projects Leading Group of the State Council国务院三峡工程建设委员会Three Gorges Project Construction Commission of the State Council国务院三线建设调整改造规划办公室San Xian Construction Adjustment Reorganization Planning Office of the State Council国务院生产办公室Manufacture Office of the State Council国务院水土保持委员会Water Soil Conservation Commission of the State Council国务院税收财务物价大检查办公室) Taxation Accounting Commodity Price Examination Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council国务院特区办公室Special Zone Office of the State Council国务院体制改革办公室System Reform Office of the State Council国务院统一着装管理委员会Uniform Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院退伍军人和军队离退休干部安置领导小组Demobilized Soldier and Army Retired Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院外事办Foreign Affairs Bureau of the State Council国务院稀土领导小组Rare-Earth Leading Group of the State Council国务院新闻办公室News Office of the State Council国务院信息化工作领导小组Information Work Leading Group of the State Council国务院学位委员会Academic Degree Commission of the State Council国务院证券委员会Securities Commission of the State Council国务院知青办Intellectual Young People Office of the State Council国务院知识产权办公会议办公室Intellectual Property Working Meeting Office of the StateCouncil国务院住房制度改革领导小组Housing System Reform Leading Group of the State Council 国有股state-owned shares国有股减持reduce state´s stake in listed companies国债投资treasury bond investment国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond哈尔滨市Harbin Municipality海关法customs law海关税customs duties海关总署General Customs Administration海军司令部Commander Department of the Navy海事法院admiralty court海洋公约the Hague Convention含糊ambiguity邯郸市Handan Municipality汉族Han people合并merger合法lawful合法的房屋所有权legitimate land ownership right合法继承人lawful successor合法权益lawful benefit合法权益lawful right合法收入legitimate income合法受让人lawful assignee合法性legality合肥市Hefei Municipality合伙生意partnership合计惩处aggregate punishment合理的reasonable合理的考虑reasonable contemplation合理的预见reasonable foresee ability合理期限reasonable time合理时限reasonable time合理性方面的要求requirement of reasonableness合理性要求requirement of reasonableness合谋conspire合谋诈骗conspiratorial swindling合适的处分appropriate penalty合适的处分just penalty合适人选fit person合同变更modification of contract合同当事人contracting parties合同当事人相互关系privity of contract合同法law of contract合同前仲裁pre-contract arbitration合同条款的分类classification of terms合同转让assignment of contract合议纪要summary of discussion合议庭Collegiate Bench合议制collegiate system合营期限duration of joint ventures合约contract合约一方party合约责任contractual obligation合作经营企业co-operative venture和解accord河北省高级人民法院High People´s Court of Hebei Province核实verify核实证据verified evidence黑龙江省Heilongjiang Province横向关系horizontal relationship衡平法equity衡平法赋予的自由裁量权equitable discretion衡平法上的补救措施equitable remedy衡阳市Hengyang Municipality哄抢财产roaring seizure后法优于前法lex posterior derogat lex priori后果的严重程度severity of consequence后续条件condition subsequent呼和浩特市Huhehaote Municipality互免签证协议visa exemption agreement互相帮助assist each other互相抵押mutual security互相供养的责任感a sense of mutual obligation to support one another 互相印证corroborate互选elect from among themselves互争权利诉讼interpleader proceedings户口尚未解决residence account in the city not yet properly arranged 华侨事务委员会Oversea Chinese Affairs Commission淮南市Huainan Municipality缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑suspended sentence患精神病mentally ill, psychologically ill恢复resume恢复行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty挥霍浪费spendthrift挥霍浪费waste徽章honour回报return回报payoff回报率rate of return回避withdrawal回购协议repurchase agreement回扣commit悔改remorse悔改repent悔罪repentance汇票draft贿赂bribery惠州市Huizhou Municipality婚外性关系sexual relations outside marriage婚姻登记所Marriage Registration Office婚姻法marriage law婚姻基础basis for marriage婚姻授产协议marriage settlement混合饲料mixed provender货证bill of lading获得procurement机械工业委员会Machinery Industry Commission基本法Basic Law基本法律basic statute基本权利和义务fundamental rights and duties基本人权fundamental human rights基本性国家法律overriding national law基本政策fundamental policies基层公安机关grassroots public security agencies基层人民法院Basic People´s Court基层人民法院副院长Basic People´s Court vice-president基层人民法院院长Basic People´s Court president缉私anti-smuggling及时promptness即此函达尚希见复为荷respectfully submitted for clearance 极刑capital punishment集会结社assembly and association集体企业collectively owned enterprise集体所有collective ownership集体所有制单位unit under collective ownership集体土地collective-owned land计划经济planned economy计划生育family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market济南市Jinan Municipality济宁市Jining Municipality继承in succession继承纠纷succession dispute继承权right in succession继承人successor继承人多many successors and beneficiaries and not suitable for division 继承遗产take as a beneficiary under an estate继父母step parent继续进行to proceed继子女step-child寄递consignment寄养子女foster child寄运consignment加权平均值weighted average加重刑罚Aggravate Punishment佳木斯市Kiamusze Municipality家庭财产分割协议marriage settlement家庭成员family members家庭法family law家庭副业family sideline production假冒商标passing of trademark假冒商标罪crime of passing off trademarks假释parole假证据false evidence奸淫幼女罪crime of having sexual intercourse with a minor坚决要求firmly demanded间接法indirect rule兼容性compatibility监察部Ministry of Supervision监察局Supervisory Bureau监督supervise监护人guardian监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison监视surveillance监视居住residential surveillance监狱Prison and Detention houses减轻处罚reduced punishment减轻损失mitigation检查鉴定结论conclusion after examination检查员censor检察长chief procurator检察机关procuratorate检察人员procurator检察委员会Procuratorial Committee检察委员会会员Procuratorial Committee member检察委员会检察员Procuratorial Committee procurator检察委员会书记员Procuratorial Committee clerk检察委员会助理检察员Procuratorial Committee assistant procurator检举accusation检控institute a public prosecution检验examination简单合同simple contract建筑许可证Construction Licence建筑业协会Architecture Industry Association鉴定identification鉴定员identifier江阴市Jiangyin Municipality交付delivery交给relinguish交通部Ministry of Communication交通事故行政裁决administrative decision of traffic accident交通银行Bank of Communication缴获seize教唆犯instigators教唆者instigators教育,挽救,感化education, saving, influence教育部Ministry of Education教育附加费additional education tax阶级斗争class struggle接管take over接纳上诉appeal allowed接受存款公司deposit-taking company接受令状的送达accepts service of the writ接受宣判的当事人the party to accept the judgment to be pronounced结案wind up a case, close a case, settle a lawsuit结合united结婚登记marriage registration结束termination解除determine解除合同termination of contract解答clarification on解放军总直属队The Army Units Directly under the Chinese People´s Liberation Army 解交被拘押者到庭作证令状writ of habeas corpus ad subjiciendum解决未果fail to resolve解释Interpretation介入人intervener介入诉讼intervene in proceedings介绍信letter of introduction借据IOU藉内庭发出传票by summons in chambers斤jin金钱赔偿monetary compensation金融机构Financial agency金融市场financial market金融租赁公司financial lease companies金税工程Golden Tax Project锦州市Jinzhou Municipality近亲属near relatives禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁制令injunction经办人员handling personnel经常性贷款commercial lending经调解upon mediation经纪broker经济案件级别管辖Jurisdiction by amount in controversy in economic cases 经济帮助financial assistance经济承受能力ability to shoulder economically经济等检察厅Economic Affairs经济法economic law经济犯罪economic crimes经济合同法Economic Contract Law经济合同仲裁委员会Economic Contract Arbitration Board经济合作合同contract on economic co-operation经济价值economic value经济审判庭Economic Division经济审判庭副庭长Economic Division Associate Chief Judge经济审判庭庭长Economic Division Chief Judge经济师economist经济损失economic loss经济特区法规laws and regulations of the special economic zones经济仲裁制度economic arbitration system资本不足under-capitalized资本充足率capital adequacy ratio资本利润率return on capital资本账户可兑换capital account convertibility资不抵债insolvent资产负债表balance sheet资产负债率liability/asset ratio资产集中asset concentration资产贡献率asset contribution factor资产利润率return on assets资产质量asset quality资产组合asset portfolio资金成本cost of funding; cost of capital资金到位fully funded资金宽裕have sufficient funds资金利用率fund utilization rate资金缺口financing gap资金体外循环financial disintermediation资金占压funds tied up自筹投资项目self-financed projects自有资金equity fund综合国力overall national strength指令性措施mandatory measures指令性计划mandatory plan; administered plan制定和实施货币政策conduct monetary policy滞后影响lagged effect中介机构intermediaries中央与地方财政delineation of fiscal responsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设key construction projects周期谷底bottom (trough) of business cycle周转速度velocity主办银行main bank主权风险sovereign risk注册资本registered capital逐步到位phase in逐步取消phase out抓大放小seize the big and free the small专款专用use of funds as ear-marked转贷on-lending转轨经济transition economy转机turnaround转折关头turning point准财政赤字quasi-fiscal deficit准货币quasi-money在途资金fund in float增加农业投入increase investment in agriculture增势减缓deceleration of growth增收节支措施revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures 增长平稳steady growth增值税value-added tax涨幅偏高higher-than-desirable growth rate账外账concealed accounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchment政策工具policy instrument政策性业务policy-related operations政策性银行policy banks政策组合policy mix政府干预government intervention证券交易清算settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款funding of securities purchase支付困难payment difficulty支付能力payment capacity直接调控方式向increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments职能转换transformation of functions职业道德professional ethics一级市场primary market应收未收利息overdue interest银行网点banking outlets赢利能力profitability营业税business tax硬贷款commercial loans用地审批grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率managed floating exchange rate证券投资portfolio investment游资hot money有市场的产品marketable products有效供给effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款overdue loans; past-due loans与国际惯例接轨become compatible with internationally accepted practices与国际市场接轨integrate with the world market预算外支出(收入)off-budgetexpenditure预调pre-emptive adjustment月环比on a month-on-month basis再贷款central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸reserve position in international financial institutions 在人行存款deposits at the central bank新经济增长点new sources of economic growth新开工项目new projects; newly started projects新增贷款incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion 新增就业位置new jobs; new job opportunities信贷规模考核review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真distorted signals信托投资公司trust and investment companies信息不对称information asymmetry信息反馈feedback信息共享系统information sharing system信息披露information disclosure信用扩张credit expansion信用评级credit rating姓资还是姓社pertaining to socialism or capitalism; socialist or captialist 行政措施administrative measures需求膨胀demand expansion; excessive demand虚伪存款window-dressing deposits削减冗员shed excess labor force 寻租rent seeking迅速反弹quick rebound养老基金pension fund一刀切universal application; non-discretionary implementation委托存款entrusted deposits稳步增长steady growth稳健的银行系统a sound banking system稳中求进make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易book-entry transaction物价监测price monitoring吸纳流动性absorb liquidity稀缺经济scarcity economy洗钱money laundering系统内调度fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机systemic financial crisis下岗工人laid-off employees下游企业down-stream enterprises现场稽核on-site examination现金滞留cash held outside the banking system乡镇企业township and village enterprises消费物价指数consumer price index消费税excise tax消灭财政赤字balance the budget; to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡lackluster sales协议外资金额committed amount of foreign investment贴现窗口discount window同比on year-on-year basis同业拆借inter-bank borrowing同业拆借市场利率CHIBOR同业融通票据inter-bank financing bills同业往来inter-bank transactions透支overdraft退税tax refund头寸position吞吐基础货币adjustment of monetary base脱媒现象disintermediation外部审计external audit外国直接投资foreign direct investment外汇储备foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂foreign exchange swap外汇占款the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves外向型经济export-oriented economy外债external debt外资企业foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证tax payment documentation违法经营illegal business实时real time实收资本paid-in capital实现利润realized profit市场分割market segmentation市场经济market economy市场占有率(市场份额)market share市场准入market access(指商品和劳务的进入)市价总值market capitalization适度从紧appropriately tight适时调节timely adjustment收回对金融机构贷款to recall central bank loans (to financial institutions) 税后还贷amortization (repayment of loans) after tax税收流失tax erosion税源不足weak tax base私营经济(私人经济)the private sector私有制private ownership所有者权益owner´s equity逃税(请见"避税")tax evasion套汇currency swap非法套汇illegal purchase of foreign exchange剔除季节性因素seasonally adjusted调节流动性influence liquidity level缺乏后劲unsustainable momentum绕规模贷款circumvent credit ceiling人均国内生产总值per capita GDP人均收入per capita income人民币升值压力upward pressure on the Renminbi认缴资本subscribed capital软贷款soft loans软预算约束soft budget constraint软着陆soft landing三角债chain debts善政廉政good governance商业贷款commercial loans上市公司listed corporations设备利用capacity utilization社会保障social safety net深层次矛盾deep-rooted structural imbalance审批金融机构license financial institutions审慎监管prudential supervision生产能力闲置unutilized capacity生息资产interest-bearing assets实际利用外资disbursement of foreign capital实际有效汇率real effective exchange rate外贸中常用的缩略语1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等12 WT (weight)重量13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重14 N.W. (net weight)净重15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单16 EA (each)每个,各17 W (with)具有18 w/o (without)没有19 FAC (facsimile)传真20 IMP (import)进口21 EXP (export)出口22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船26 S.S (steamship)船运27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨28 DOC (document)文件、的单据29 INT (international)国际的30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表31 INV (invoice)发票32 PCT (percent)百分比33 REF (reference)参考、的查价34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB (renminbi)人民币38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记39 PR或PRC (price) 价格40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证43 B/L (bill of lading)提单44 FOB (free on board)离岸价45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价补充:CR=credit贷方,债主DR=debt借贷方(注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。
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汉英口译分类词汇——改革开放词汇保险业 The insurance industry保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款 Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值 output value城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查 data from the sample survey出口信贷 Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量 Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry第一产业 primary industry独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量 electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快 excessive growth防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程 Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分 non-public sectors非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions费改税 Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式 forms of distribution风险资金 risk funds副业 sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities改善经济环境 improve economic environment搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises各尽所能,按劳/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟踪审计 Follow-up auditing工程监理制度 The monitoring system for projects公有制 public ownership鼓励 give incentive to管理不善 poor management国际收支 international balance of payments国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。
The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.国家的根本任务是,集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)国有经济,即社会主义全民所有制经济,是国民经济中的主导力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.国有资产安全 The safety of state-owned assets过度开垦 Excess reclamation合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects合资企业 joint venture合作企业 cooperative enterprise和平演变 peaceful evolution宏观控制 exercise macro-control机电产品 Electromechanical products积极的财政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy基本生活费 Basic allowances基石 cornerstone计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system结售汇制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales解除劳动关系 Sever labor relations解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces金融监管责任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全 Economic security经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation经济结构改革。
reform in economic structure经营机制 operative mechanism精华、精粹、实质 quintessence举措 move靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted (excluded)扩大国内需求 The expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长 Fuel economic growth厉行节约,反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste粮食仓库 Grain depot粮食收储企业 Grain Collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场 Grain sales market劣质工程 Shoddy engineering林业 forestry零售 retail流通制度 circulation system乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 农业 farming骗汇、逃汇、套汇 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people全体会议 plenary session人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP人均收入 per capita income融资渠道 Financing channels善于接受的 receptive商品经济 commodity economy商业信贷原则 The principles for commercial credit社会保险机构 Social security institution社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力,消灭剥削,消除贫富两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制,即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.生产关系 relations of production生产力 productive forces生产资料 means of production生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence剩余劳动力。