西方思想经典导读 有中文

Chapter 9 Romanticism

1. Romanticism refers to an attitude or intellectual orientation that characterizes many works of literature , painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century.浪漫主义指的是一种态度或知识取向,刻画出了许多作品的文学、绘画、音乐、建筑、批评和史学在西方文明在一段时间内从18世纪末到19世纪中叶。

2. The "Preface" to Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth, known as the manifesto of romanticism, addresses the subjects, aim and style of romantic poetry as well as the essential characteristics of a romantic poet.威廉·华兹华斯是一个浪漫的诗人，他写的抒情诗集的“卷首语”,被称为浪漫主义宣言,讨论了浪漫主义诗歌的主题,目的和风格以及基本特征的。

3. William Wordsworth was an early leader of Romanticism in English poetry, who ranks as one of the greatest lyric poets in the history of English literature.威廉·华兹华斯是英语诗歌中早期浪漫主义的领袖,他在英语文学的历史位列最伟大的抒情诗人之一。

4. William Wordsworth focused on nature, children, the poor, and ordinary people, and used plain words to express his personal feelings. His definition of poetry was "the spontaneous

overflow of powerful feelings arising from emotion recollected in tranquility.”威廉·华兹华斯关注自然、孩子、穷人和普通人,并且使用普通语言来表达他的个人感情。他对诗歌的定义是“强烈感情的自然流露：它源于情感，但在平静中回忆”。

5. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the greatest figure of German Romanticism, is regarded as a giant of world literature.约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德,德国浪漫主义的最伟大的人物,被认为是一个巨大的世界文学。

6. The Sorrows of Young Werther was written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. 《少年维特之烦恼》是歌德写的。

7. Goethe's poetry includes lyrics in praise of natural beauty and ballads that echo folk themes.歌德的诗歌包括赞美自然风光的抒情诗和呼应民俗主题的叙事诗歌。

8. Many of Goethe's works were inspired by a series of passionate love for women.许多歌德的作品的灵感来自于一系列对女性热烈的爱。

Chapter 10 Socialism

9. Socialism in the Western context is a general term for the political and economic theory that advocates a system of collective or government ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods.社会主义在西方

语境中是一个对政治和经济理论的一般术语，它主张一个系统的集体或政府对商品的生产和分配的所有权和管理方式。

10. Socialism arose in the late 18th and early 19th century as a reaction to the economic and social changes associated with the Industrial Revolution.社会主义出现在18世纪末和19世纪初作为一种与工业革命相关的经济和社会变化的反应。

11. The word socialism was first used in the early 1830s by the followers of Owen in Britain and those of Saint-Simon in France.社会主义一词最早被用是在1830年代初由欧文的在英国的和在那些法国圣西门的追随者。

12. Consider the causes of socialist movement as exposed in The Communist Manifesto. By Marx and Engels.考虑社会主义运动的原因为暴露在《共产党宣言》。马克思和恩格斯。

13. Karl Marx was a German political philosopher, economic theorist, founder of scientific socialism and dialectical and historical materialism, a master and leader of the world working class. 卡尔马克思是德国的政治哲学家,经济理论家,科学社会主义的创始人,辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义大师和世界工人阶级的领袖。

14. The central idea in Marx's thought is the materialistic conception of history.马克思的思想的中心思想是历史的唯物主义概念。