基于PLC的矿井提升机控制系统设计

摘要

近几年来我国每年的GDP总值在不断的增长，人类追求优质生活的要求也在不断的增加，人类对煤的需要也在不断高于每年的需求量，同时煤矿的生产速率已满足不了各个工业生产的需求，而矿井煤矿中的继电式的提升机设备以逐步不在适用，逐步采用自动化式的提升设备，因此对矿井开采自动化煤矿提升设备的安全、稳定和高速控制装置有了更高的要求。

提升机是煤矿矿道中与外面联系的重要交通工具，是煤炭矿井与外面联系最重要的应用，是在从采面到地面过程当中最重要设备，是运送煤炭以及工作人员安全的重要设备；而煤矿中的提升机中是矿井井道中输送煤炭、矿石、人员等重要的运送装备。

对于矿井提升机来说，只运用到了立井和斜井当中。与此同时矿井提升机工作的稳定、安全性等是最重要的，而对于传统的矿井井道中的提升机多由继电器连线构成，构成的电控装置系统相对来说比较复杂、工作时间长、体积庞大，并且其触点繁多，机械性动作不灵活，有时会产生电火花摩擦，甚至会发生漏电、火灾事故；另一方面就是它的硬件接线比较麻烦、故障率的出现比较频繁，而且不便于检修，并且调速性能相对比较差、不灵活、稳定性能较差；在运作时硬件启停过程中，不仅存在着较大的起动电流，还会产生电弧，并且产生过大的电流损耗（包括线路损耗），还大大缩短了接触器、电动机等机械器件本身的寿命，严重时会发生矿车脱轨等安全事故，并且需要大量的人工操作维修、检测，不仅维护困难，而且严重影响矿山的生产和运行效益。

如今自动化水平的不断进步，可编程控制（PLC）技术也逐步进入人类的生产视线中，因此为了使电控装置拥有更好地运作前提，所以采取星—三角降压启动与PLC电控技术去相配合从而去改造传统矿山行业中井道提升机系统装备。

在本课题研究中采取可编程控制（PLC）技术去取代原有提升设备中继电器—接触器式电控装配，使用的是星—三角形降压启动的措施，电动机再启动的时候可以减少起动电流，从而保护了电动机内部器件的侵害；并设有两地控制、设有电磁抱闸安全系统、报警装置、电动机故障检测，以更好、更安全的方式提高生产效率的矿井提升机。

关键词：矿井提升机 PLC技应用术星—三角降压启动电动机的故障检测

abstract

With the continuous growth of China's national economy, human demand for the pursuit of quality of life continues to improve, the human needs of coal is also constantly higher than the annual demand, while the coal production rate has been unable to meet the needs of various industrial production, and mine Of the relay-type hoist equipment to gradually not in the application, the progressive use of automated lifting equipment, so the mine mining automation coal mine lifting equipment safety, stability and high-speed control device has a higher demand.

The hoisting machine is an important means of communication between the coal mine and the outside mine. It is the most important application of the coal mine and the outside. It is the most important equipment in the process from the mining surface to the ground. It is an important equipment for the transportation of coal and the safety of the staff. Coal mine in the hoist is the mine shaft in the transport of coal, ore, personnel and other important transport equipment.

For the mine hoist, only used in the shaft and inclined wells. At the same time, the stability and safety of the mine hoist work is the most important, and the elevator system in the traditional mine shaft is composed of the relay connection. The system of the electronic control system is relatively complicated and the working time is long , The volume is huge, and its contacts are numerous, mechanical action is not flexible, and sometimes produce spark friction, and even leakage, fire accident; the other is not only its hardware wiring complex, relatively high failure rate, and It is not easy to repair, and the speed performance is relatively poor, inflexible, stable performance is poor; in the operation of the hardware start and stop process, not only the existence of a large starting current, but also produce arc, and produce excessive current loss (Including line loss), thus greatly reducing the contactor, motor and other mechanical devices life, serious occurrence of substation and other safety accidents, and the need for a large number of manual maintenance, testing, not only difficult to maintain, but also seriously affect the mine The production and operation of the benefits.