医学英语写作
医学英语写作练习
9. I entered her office and found she talked with two
guests. 10. There are more books in their library than my school. 11. The old man who had taught at the school for 40 years and was given a medal of honor for his devotion to the cause of education before he retired, 12. This morning the president and a group of students were talking and ten minutes later they left. 13. Going to the library to borrow the novel, no copy was available. 14. A number of spelling mistakes was found in his composition.
Rewrite the following paragraphs, paying
special attention to coordination, subordination, and variety in sentence structure. 1. It is a very small village. It is located at the foot of a mountain. In front of it flows a stream. The stream supplies the village with clean water. There are only about 50 households in it. Altogether there are about 200 people. It used to be a very poor and backward village. But since the beginning of reform in our country, the village has changed a great deal. A small factory has been set up in it. In the factory young men and women of the village make baskets and other things with rattan.
医学英语写作与翻译
第三部分医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作(Title)标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness(视觉缺失)after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension 2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination(黄疸指数测定)where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay(胆红素定量)is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ-溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction(急性心肌梗死)byRadio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase(酐激酶)用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?注意副标题的作用1.数目:Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤: A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2.重点:Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3.方法:Gallstone Ileus(胆结石梗阻): A Retrospective Study 4.作用:Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5.疑问:Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease? 6.连载顺序:Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions人类血清的理论研究:II. 多种病例的研究7.时间:A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1. 讨论型:Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的“初步体会”、“试论”、“浅析”之类的谦辞可以不译。
医学博士英语作文summary医患关系
医学博士英语作文summary医患关系English:The doctor-patient relationship is a crucial aspect of healthcare, with effective communication and trust being key components. Good communication between doctors and patients is essential for successful diagnosis, treatment, and overall patient satisfaction. Patients rely on doctors to provide them with accurate information, listen to their concerns, and involve them in the decision-making process regarding their health. Trust plays a significant role in the doctor-patient relationship, as patients need to have confidence in their doctor's skills, knowledge, and judgment. Building trust often requires doctors to demonstrate empathy, compassion, and respect towards their patients. In return, patients must also be honest, open, and cooperative in their interactions with their healthcare providers. Ultimately, a strong doctor-patient relationship leads to better health outcomes, increased patient compliance, and improved overall healthcare experiences for both parties.中文翻译:医患关系是医疗保健中至关重要的一个方面,有效的沟通和信任是关键组成部分。
实用医学英语写作
Abstract:Medical writing is an essential tool for disseminating research findings, clinical observations, and healthcare advancements. To ensure effective communication, it must adhere to high standards of quality and accuracy. This comprehensive guide delves into the multifaceted aspects of producing high-quality, standardized medical writing in English, addressing key elements such as structure, language, ethics, data presentation, referencing, and manuscript submission. It serves as a practical resource for researchers, clinicians, and students seeking to enhance their medical writing skills and meet international publishing standards.1. IntroductionMedical writing is a specialized form of scientific communication that bridges the gap between research and practice, fostering knowledge exchange among healthcare professionals worldwide. Given its profound implications on patient care and public health, it is crucial that medical writing meets stringent criteria of quality, clarity, and accuracy. This article provides a detailed analysis of the various dimensions that contribute to high-quality, standardized medical writing in English, with a focus on the following key aspects:a) Structure and organizationb) Language and stylec) Ethical considerationsd) Data presentation and interpretatione) Referencing and citationf) Manuscript preparation and submission2. Structure and OrganizationA well-structured medical paper enhances readability, facilitates comprehension, and ensures that information is presented logically and coherently. The standard structure of a biomedical research article typically includes:a) Title: Concise, informative, and indicative of the study's main findings or objectives.b) Abstract: A brief summary encapsulating the research question, methods, results, and conclusions.c) Introduction: Sets the context, outlines the research gap, and states the study aims.d) Methods: Detailed description of study design, participants, interventions, measurements, and statistical analyses.e) Results: Presentation of empirical data, supported by tables, figures, and statistical tests.f) Discussion: Interpretation of results, comparison with existing literature, limitations, and implications for future research or clinical practice.g) Conclusion: Succinct summary of the study's main findings and their significance.h) Acknowledgments: Recognition of funding sources, collaborators, and other contributions.i) Conflict of Interest Statement: Disclosure of any potential conflicts that may influence the research or its interpretation.j) References: List of cited sources formatted according to the target journal's guidelines (e.g., Vancouver, AMA, or APA styles).3. Language and StyleClear, concise, and precise language is vital in medical writing. Adhering to the following guidelines can significantly improve the quality of written communication:a) Use active voice wherever possible, as it often conveys information more directly and clearly than passive voice.b) Avoid jargon, complex sentences, and overly technical terms unless necessary; if used, provide clear definitions or explanations.c) Ensure consistency in terminology throughout the manuscript.d) Employ parallel structures for lists and comparisons to enhance clarity and readability.e) Proofread thoroughly for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors, and consider using professional editing services if needed.4. Ethical ConsiderationsMedical writing must adhere to strict ethical principles to protect human subjects, maintain scientific integrity, and foster trust in the research community. Key ethical considerations include:a) Informed consent: All human subjects must provide voluntary, informed consent before participating in research, with appropriate documentation and approval from an institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee.b) Confidentiality and data protection: Researchers must ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of study participants, especially when handling sensitive personal or health-related data.c) Authorship criteria: Adhere to established guidelines (e.g., ICMJE criteria) for assigning authorship, ensuring that all contributors who meet the criteria are included and that authorship order reflects their relative contributions.d) Declaration of interests: Transparently disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the research, its conduct, or the interpretation of results.e) Animal welfare: If animal studies are involved, adherence to ethical guidelines and appropriate institutional approvals must be documented.5. Data Presentation and InterpretationAccurate and transparent data presentation is crucial for readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of research findings. Best practices include:a) Use appropriate statistical methods, and report them in detail to allow for replication.b) Present numerical data in tables and figures, ensuring they areself-explanatory, accurately labeled, and referenced in the text.c) Provide confidence intervals, p-values, and effect sizes where applicable, to convey the magnitude and certainty of observed effects.d) Avoid data manipulation or selective reporting; present all relevant findings, even those that do not support the study hypothesis.e) Interpret results cautiously, considering the study limitations, potential biases, and the broader context of existing literature.6. Referencing and CitationProper citation of sources is fundamental to academic integrity, acknowledges the work of others, and enables readers to trace the evidence underlying claims and arguments. Follow these guidelines:a) Use a recognized citation style consistently throughout the manuscript (e.g., Vancouver, AMA, or APA).b) Cite all sources of information, including direct quotes, paraphrased content, and data or ideas borrowed from other works.c) Verify the accuracy of references by cross-checking with the original source, and ensure complete and correct formatting according to the chosen citation style.d) Regularly update citations using reference management software to avoid outdated links or inaccessible resources.7. Manuscript Preparation and SubmissionThe final stage of high-quality medical writing involves preparing the manuscript for submission to a peer-reviewed journal. Key steps include:a) Target journal selection: Choose a journal that aligns with the study's scope, methodology, and impact, considering factors such as readership, acceptance rate, and open access options.b) Adherence to journal guidelines: Carefully follow the target journal's instructions for authors regarding manuscript structure, word count, formatting, and submission requirements.c) Cover letter: Write a compelling cover letter that highlights themanuscript's novelty, significance, and alignment with the journal's scope, and briefly addresses any potential reviewer concerns.d) Pre-submission checks: Conduct a thorough proofread, ensure all required files are included (e.g., manuscript, figures, tables, and supplementary materials), and verify compliance with the journal's formatting and style guidelines.e) Post-submission: Respond promptly and professionally to reviewer comments, addressing criticisms constructively and providing additional data or revisions as requested.Conclusion:Producing high-quality, standardized medical writing in English necessitates attention to multiple facets, including structure, language, ethics, data presentation, referencing, and manuscript submission. By adhering to these guidelines and best practices, researchers, clinicians, and students can enhance the clarity, accuracy, and impact of their written work, ultimately contributing to the advancement of medical knowledge and improved patient care. This comprehensive guide serves as a valuable resource for those seeking to refine their medical writing skills and meet the rigorous standards expected by the global scientific community.。
医学专业英语匹配题作文
医学专业英语匹配题作文English:During the course of studying medicine, students will be exposed to a wide range of medical terminology in English. It is crucial for medical professionals to have a strong command of medical English, as it is the universal language used in medical research, journals, conferences, and communication between healthcare professionals worldwide. Mastering medical English not only enables doctors and nurses to better understand medical texts and communicate effectively with patients, but also facilitates collaboration and exchange of knowledge with colleagues in the field. Additionally, being proficient in medical English is essential for medical students who wish to pursue further studies abroad or participate in global health initiatives. Therefore, it is essential for medical students to dedicate time and effort to improve their English language skills in order to excel in their careers and make a significant impact in the healthcare industry.Translated content:在学习医学的过程中,学生将接触到各种各样的医学术语英语。
医学英语写作技巧
医学英语写作技巧在当今全球化的医学领域,能够熟练地进行医学英语写作是一项至关重要的技能。
无论是撰写医学研究论文、病例报告,还是与国际同行进行学术交流,准确、清晰、专业的医学英语表达都能为我们的工作和学习带来极大的便利。
下面我将为大家分享一些实用的医学英语写作技巧。
一、词汇积累医学英语有着丰富而专业的词汇体系。
首先,要熟悉常见的医学词根、词缀。
例如,“cardio”表示“心脏”,“neuro”表示“神经”,“itis”表示“炎症”等。
通过掌握这些词根和词缀,可以推测和理解许多生词的含义。
其次,建立自己的医学词汇库。
可以通过阅读医学文献、教材、杂志等,将遇到的重要词汇和短语记录下来,并定期复习。
同时,要注意词汇的准确拼写和用法,尤其是那些容易混淆的词汇,如“effect”和“affect”,“discrete”和“discreet”等。
另外,多使用医学英语词典和在线资源,如 MerriamWebster's Medical Dictionary、Medscape 等,来查询和确认词汇的含义和用法。
二、语法规范医学英语写作要求语法准确无误。
在句子结构上,应尽量保持简洁明了,避免复杂冗长的句式。
主语和谓语要清晰明确,避免出现歧义。
时态的使用要根据具体情况而定。
在描述研究方法和结果时,通常使用过去时;在讨论结论和提出建议时,常用现在时。
例如:“We conducted the experiment to investigate the effect of the new drug The results showed that”注意名词的单复数形式,尤其是那些不规则变化的名词,如“child children”“mouse mice”等。
同时,要正确使用冠词,特别是在医学术语前,如“a dose of medicine”“the treatment of cancer”。
三、句子结构为了使文章更具逻辑性和连贯性,要合理安排句子的结构。
医学英语三级作文
医学英语三级作文Title: The Importance of InterdisciplinaryCollaboration in Modern Medicine。
In the realm of modern healthcare, interdisciplinary collaboration stands as a cornerstone for achieving optimal patient outcomes and advancing medical research. Thesynergy between different specialties fosters a holistic approach to patient care, leading to enhanced diagnosis, treatment, and overall well-being. This essay explores the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine, emphasizing its profound impact on patient care and medical advancements.Firstly, interdisciplinary collaboration facilitates comprehensive patient care by harnessing the expertise of various healthcare professionals. In a multidisciplinary team, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, therapists, andother specialists converge to address complex medical cases from diverse perspectives. For instance, in the treatmentof chronic diseases like diabetes, a collaborative team can provide personalized care plans encompassing medical management, dietary guidance, exercise regimens, and psychological support. Such comprehensive approaches not only improve patient outcomes but also empower individuals to actively participate in their healthcare journey.Moreover, interdisciplinary collaboration promotes innovation and knowledge exchange across different fields of medicine. By bringing together experts with distinct backgrounds and areas of expertise, interdisciplinary teams spark creativity and foster novel approaches to medical challenges. For example, the fusion of technology and healthcare has revolutionized diagnostics and treatment modalities, leading to the development of cutting-edge medical devices, telemedicine platforms, and precision medicine strategies. Through collaborative efforts, clinicians and researchers can leverage emerging technologies and scientific discoveries to push the boundaries of medical practice and improve patient care.Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration plays apivotal role in medical education and professional development. Interactions among healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds enrich learning experiences and broaden perspectives. For instance, medical students participating in interdisciplinary rounds gain insightsinto the complexities of patient care by observing how different specialties contribute to treatment plans and decision-making processes. Likewise, ongoing interdisciplinary conferences, workshops, and research collaborations provide opportunities for continuous learning and skill enhancement among healthcare professionals. By fostering a culture of collaboration and lifelong learning, interdisciplinary approaches nurture well-rounded healthcare providers capable of delivering high-quality, patient-centered care.Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration enhances healthcare system efficiency and resource utilization. Through coordinated efforts and shared decision-making, interdisciplinary teams streamline patient care pathways, reduce redundant procedures, and minimize healthcare costs. For instance, collaborative care models such as accountablecare organizations (ACOs) and patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) emphasize care coordination and preventive services, leading to improved health outcomes and cost savings. By optimizing resource allocation and promoting efficient workflows, interdisciplinary collaboration contributes to the sustainability of healthcare systems amidst growing demands and resource constraints.In conclusion, interdisciplinary collaboration stands as a cornerstone of modern medicine, facilitating comprehensive patient care, driving innovation, and fostering professional development. By harnessing the collective expertise of diverse healthcare professionals, interdisciplinary teams can address complex medical challenges, advance medical knowledge, and improve patient outcomes. As we navigate the complexities of modern healthcare, fostering a culture of collaboration and teamwork will be essential for achieving our shared goal of promoting health and well-being for all.。
医学英语三级作文模板
医学英语三级作文模板在准备医学英语三级作文时,一个常用的模板可以包括以下几个部分:Introduction(介绍):Introduce the topic briefly.Provide some background information.State the purpose of the essay.For example:Medical English plays a crucial role in the field of healthcare, enabling effective communication among healthcare professionals and ensuring quality patient care. In this essay, we will explore the importance of medical English proficiency and its impact on healthcare delivery.Body Paragraphs(主体段落):Present arguments or discuss points related to the topic.Provide examples or evidence to support each point.Use clear and concise language.For example:1. Importance of Medical English Proficiency: Medical English proficiency is essential for healthcare professionals as it facilitates accurate communication with colleagues and patients. For instance, during medical consultations, physicians need to effectively convey diagnosis, treatment options, and instructions to patients, which requires fluency in medical terminology and clear communication skills.2. Impact on Patient Care: A lack of proficiency in medical English can lead to miscommunication and errors inpatient care. For example, misunderstandings regarding medication dosage or treatment instructions may occur, potentially jeopardizing patient safety. Furthermore, medical professionals must be able to understand and accurately interpret medical records, research findings, and guidelines written in English to provide optimal care to their patients.3. Professional Development: Proficiency in medical English is crucial for professional development and advancement in the healthcare field. Many medical journals, conferences, and research papers are published in English, and healthcare professionals need to be able to comprehend and contribute to these resources. Additionally,proficiency in English may open up opportunities for international collaborations, research partnerships, and career advancement.Conclusion(结论):Summarize the main points discussed in the essay.Restate the importance of the topic.Provide a final thought or recommendation.For example:In conclusion, medical English proficiency is vital for healthcare professionals to ensure effective communication, provide quality patient care, and advance in their careers. It is essential for healthcare organizations to prioritize English language training programs and resources to support the professional development of their staff. By enhancing medical English proficiency, healthcare professionals can contribute to improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes on a global scale.注意,以上是一个简单的模板,你可以根据具体的题目要求和论点来调整和扩展每个部分的内容。
消化内科 医学英语写作范文
消化内科医学英语写作范文Digestive Medicine: A Comprehensive OverviewThe field of digestive medicine encompasses a wide range of conditions and disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and associated organs. As a vital component of the human body, the digestive system plays a crucial role in the absorption of nutrients, the elimination of waste, and the overall maintenance of health. Consequently, the study and treatment of digestive diseases have become an integral part of modern medical practice.One of the primary focuses of digestive medicine is the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal disorders. These can range from common conditions such as acid reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, and peptic ulcers to more complex issues like inflammatory bowel diseases, liver diseases, and pancreatic disorders. Clinicians in this field utilize a variety of diagnostic tools, including endoscopic examinations, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, to identify the underlying cause of a patient's symptoms and develop an appropriate treatment plan.In the realm of gastrointestinal disorders, acid reflux, also known asgastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a prevalent condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. GERD occurs when the stomach's contents, including stomach acid, flow back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation, discomfort, and potentially long-term damage to the esophageal lining. Clinicians often prescribe proton pump inhibitors or other medications to reduce acid production and alleviate the symptoms of GERD, while lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and weight management, can also play a significant role in managing the condition.Another common gastrointestinal disorder is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic condition characterized by abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. IBS is a complex disorder that can be influenced by a variety of factors, including diet, stress, and the gut microbiome. Clinicians in digestive medicine may employ a combination of dietary modifications, medication, and stress management techniques to help patients manage the symptoms of IBS and improve their overall quality of life.Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, represent a more severe category of gastrointestinal disorders. These conditions are characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, leading to a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Clinicians in digestive medicine often utilize a multifaceted approach to managing these conditions,incorporating medications, dietary interventions, and in some cases, surgical procedures to address the underlying inflammation and improve the patient's overall health and well-being.In addition to gastrointestinal disorders, digestive medicine also encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. One of the most prevalent liver conditions is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, often in individuals who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol. NAFLD can progress to more severe forms of liver disease, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, if left untreated. Clinicians in digestive medicine play a crucial role in identifying and managing NAFLD, often through lifestyle modifications, medication, and in some cases, referral to a hepatologist for specialized care.Pancreatic disorders also fall under the purview of digestive medicine. Conditions such as pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and pancreatic duct disorders can have significant impacts on an individual's health and well-being. Clinicians in this field utilize a range of diagnostic tools, including imaging studies and laboratory tests, to identify the underlying cause of pancreatic issues and develop appropriate treatment strategies, which may involve medication, dietary modifications, or in some cases, surgical intervention.The field of digestive medicine also encompasses the management of nutritional and metabolic disorders related to the digestive system. For example, clinicians may work with patients who have issues with nutrient absorption, such as celiac disease or lactose intolerance, to develop dietary strategies and supplementation plans to ensure adequate nutrient intake and maintain overall health. Additionally, they may address metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes, that can have significant impacts on digestive function and overall well-being.Across the various specialties within digestive medicine, clinicians must possess a deep understanding of the complex anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, as well as the ability to interpret a wide range of diagnostic tests and develop tailored treatment plans for each patient. This requires a strong foundation in medical knowledge, as well as excellent clinical skills in areas such as patient history-taking, physical examination, and effective communication with patients and other healthcare providers.In conclusion, the field of digestive medicine is a vital and multifaceted area of medical practice, encompassing the diagnosis and management of a wide range of conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and associated organs. Clinicians in this field play a crucial role in improving the health and well-being of patients by utilizing a comprehensive, evidence-basedapproach to address the complex and often interrelated issues that can arise within the digestive system. As our understanding of the human body and the factors that influence digestive health continues to evolve, the importance of digestive medicine will only continue to grow, making it a dynamic and essential component of modern healthcare.。
医疗英语作文模板四级
医疗英语作文模板四级英文回答:Medical English Writing Template for Level 4。
Section 1: Patient Presentation。
Chief Complaint: The patient presents with a chief complaint of [chief complaint].History of Present Illness: The patient provides a detailed history of their present illness, including the onset, duration, and progression of symptoms.Past Medical History: The patient's past medical history is reviewed, including any previous diagnoses, surgeries, or hospitalizations.Social History: The patient's social history is explored, including their occupation, lifestyle, and anyrelevant social factors.Family History: The patient's family history is reviewed for any relevant medical conditions or genetic disorders.Section 2: Physical Examination。
General Exam: The patient's general appearance, vital signs, and level of consciousness are assessed.Skin Exam: The skin is examined for any rashes, lesions, or other abnormalities.Head and Neck Exam: The head and neck are examined for any lumps, tenderness, or other abnormalities.Cardiovascular Exam: The cardiovascular system is examined for any murmurs, arrhythmias, or other abnormalities.Respiratory Exam: The respiratory system is examinedfor any wheezes, rales, or other abnormalities.Neurological Exam: The neurological system is examined for any deficits in motor, sensory, or cognitive function.Other Relevant Exams: Any other relevant physical exams are performed as indicated by the patient's presentation.Section 3: Differential Diagnosis and Workup。
医学英语病历写作范文
医学英语病历写作范文Chief Complaint: Left leg pain with recent fall.History of Present Illness: The patient is a 65-year-old male who presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of left leg pain. He states that he fell down a flight of stairs approximately 3 hours prior to presentation. He reports that he is in moderate to severe pain, which is localized to his left lower extremity. He denies any associated numbness or tingling. He has no prior history of leg pain or injury.Past Medical History: The patient has a history of hypertension, which is well-controlled with medication. He has no other significant medical history.Social History: The patient is married and has two children. He is a retired construction worker. He smokes one pack of cigarettes per day and drinks alcohol socially.Family History: The patient's father has a history of coronary artery disease. His mother has a history of Alzheimer's disease.Physical Examination:Vital signs: Blood pressure 140/80 mmHg, heart rate 80 bpm, respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute, temperature 98.6°F (37°C).General: The patient is in moderate distress due to pain. He is alert and oriented to person, place, and time.HEENT: Normocephalic and atraumatic. Pupils are equal and reactive to light. Extraocular movements are intact. No conjunctival injection or discharge. Tympanic membranes are intact and mobile.Neck: Supple with full range of motion. No masses or tenderness.Chest: Auscultation reveals clear breath soundsbilaterally. No wheezes, rales, or rhonchi.Cardiovascular: Regular rate and rhythm. No murmurs, rubs, or gallops.Abdomen: Soft and non-tender. No masses or organomegaly.Extremities: Left lower extremity: Examination reveals swelling and tenderness of the left knee. There is a palpable step-off deformity of the lateral aspect of theleft knee. Active and passive range of motion is limiteddue to pain. Distal pulses are palpable and capillaryrefill is brisk. Sensation is intact. Right lower extremity: Examination reveals no abnormalities.Neurological Examination:Mental status: Alert and oriented to person, place,and time. No deficits in attention, memory, or language.Cranial nerves: No deficits.Motor: Strength is 5/5 in both upper and lower extremities. No atrophy or fasciculations.Sensory: Sensation is intact to light touch, pinprick, and temperature in all four extremities.Diagnostic Studies:X-ray of the left knee: The X-ray shows a displaced lateral tibial plateau fracture.Assessment:Left knee pain.Displaced lateral tibial plateau fracture.Plan:The patient will be admitted to the hospital for further evaluation and treatment.He will be placed in a knee immobilizer and will be started on pain medication.Orthopedic surgery will be consulted for further management.。
医学英语 作文
医学英语作文Title: The Significance of Medical English in Global Healthcare。
Medical English plays a pivotal role in the global healthcare landscape, acting as a lingua franca that facilitates communication among healthcare professionals worldwide. In this essay, we will explore the importance of mastering medical English in both clinical and academic contexts, and its impact on patient care, research, and professional development.Firstly, proficiency in medical English is essentialfor effective communication among healthcare professionals from diverse linguistic backgrounds. In today's interconnected world, doctors, nurses, researchers, and other healthcare workers often collaborate on an international scale. Whether it's discussing patient cases, presenting research findings at conferences, or participating in medical training programs, a commonlanguage is crucial for conveying complex medical concepts accurately and comprehensively. Medical English serves as this common language, enabling healthcare professionals to exchange ideas, share knowledge, and collaborate seamlessly across borders.Furthermore, medical English proficiency is indispensable for providing high-quality patient care, especially in multicultural healthcare settings. Clear and accurate communication between healthcare providers and patients is paramount for ensuring informed consent, accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment. Patients who speak different languages or come from diverse cultural backgrounds may struggle to understand medical terminology and instructions if they are not communicated in a language they understand. By communicating medical information in English, healthcare professionals can bridge linguistic and cultural barriers, enhance patient understanding, and improve health outcomes.In addition to its role in clinical practice, medical English proficiency is also vital for academic and researchendeavors in the healthcare field. Medical research is a global endeavor, with researchers collaborating across continents to advance scientific knowledge and develop new treatments and therapies. Academic journals, conferences, and research institutions predominantly use English as the primary language for publishing and disseminating research findings. Thus, proficiency in medical English is essential for researchers to access and contribute to the latest advancements in their respective fields, participate in international collaborations, and communicate theirfindings to a global audience.Moreover, mastering medical English opens up opportunities for professional development and career advancement in the healthcare sector. Many prestigious medical institutions, universities, and healthcare organizations require proficiency in English as a prerequisite for admission, employment, or participation in training programs. Healthcare professionals who are proficient in medical English have a competitive edge in the job market, as they can pursue career opportunities both domestically and internationally. Additionally,proficiency in English may be necessary for obtaining certifications, licenses, or credentials required topractice medicine in certain countries or to specialize in specific medical fields.In conclusion, medical English plays a vital role inthe global healthcare landscape, facilitating communication, enhancing patient care, driving medical research, and enabling professional development. Healthcare professionals who master medical English not only improve their owncareer prospects but also contribute to the advancement of healthcare on a global scale. As the healthcare industry continues to evolve and become increasingly interconnected, the importance of medical English proficiency will only continue to grow. Therefore, investing in the acquisitionof medical English skills is essential for healthcare professionals seeking to excel in their careers and make meaningful contributions to the field of medicine.。
医护英语三级作文万能模板
医护英语三级作文万能模板英文回答:Introduction.As a healthcare professional, I am committed to providing the highest quality of care to my patients. As part of this commitment, I must be able to communicate effectively with my patients and their families. Theability to speak and write in clear and concise medical English is essential for providing this care and is a key component of my professional responsibility.Body.There are many ways to improve one's medical English skills. Here are some tips that I have found to be helpful:Read medical journals and textbooks. This is a great way to learn new medical terminology and to become familiarwith the latest research and best practices.Attend medical conferences and workshops. These events provide opportunities to learn from experts in the field and to network with other healthcare professionals.Use online resources. There are many websites and apps that can help you to learn medical English.Practice speaking and writing medical English. The more you practice, the more comfortable you will become with communicating in this language.In addition to the above tips, I have also found it helpful to use a medical dictionary and thesaurus. These resources can help you to find the right words and phrases to use in your writing and speaking.Conclusion.By following these tips, you can improve your medical English skills and become a more effective healthcareprofessional. Being able to communicate effectively with your patients and their families is essential for providing the best possible care.中文回答:引言。
医学英语写作与翻译-引言写作
引言的内容与写作
③ The denervated donor heart has altered physiologic responses to exercise that can impair exercise tolerance. 3,5 ④The question of whether the transplanted hear can tolerate the physiologic stress of exercise training after transplantation, coupled with the possibility that exercise might precipitate acute rejection of the transplant, may underlie the historical reluctance to prescribe exercise training after transplantation. ⑤However, the denervated heart has been shown to respond appropriately to exercise. 57 ⑥ Moreover, several nonrandomized studies have suggested that exercise training increases the capacity for physical work after heart transplantation.8-10
① present the nature and scope of the present study (in the present tense)
To be continued
关于感冒的医学英语作文
关于感冒的医学英语作文English: The common cold is a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract. It is a highly contagious illness that can be spread through droplets in the air or by touching contaminated surfaces. Symptoms of the common cold include sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, coughing, and congestion. While there is no cure for the common cold, treatment typically involves rest, staying hydrated,and over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms. It is important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with those who are sick, to prevent the spread of the virus. In some cases, complications fromthe common cold can arise, such as sinus infections or bronchitis, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. It is advised to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist for an extended period of time. Overall, the common cold is a mild andself-limiting illness that usually resolves on its own within a week.中文翻译: 感冒是一种影响上呼吸道的病毒感染。
医学生学位英语作文范文
医学生学位英语作文范文Medical Student Degree English Writing Sample。
As a medical student, I have learned a great deal about the human body and the various illnesses and conditionsthat can affect it. I have also learned about the importance of empathy, communication, and collaboration in providing effective healthcare. In this essay, I will discuss some of the key lessons I have learned as a medical student and how they have shaped my approach to healthcare.One of the most important lessons I have learned as a medical student is the importance of empathy. Patients come to us not just for treatment, but also for support and understanding. They may be scared, in pain, or feeling vulnerable, and it is our job to provide them with the care and compassion they need. This means taking the time to listen to their concerns, answering their questions, and providing them with reassurance and support. It also means treating them with respect and dignity, regardless of theirbackground, beliefs, or lifestyle.Another key lesson I have learned is the importance of communication. Effective communication is essential for building trust and understanding with patients, as well as for collaborating with other healthcare professionals. This means being clear and concise when explaining medical conditions and treatment options, as well as listening carefully to patients' concerns and feedback. It also means being able to work effectively with other members of the healthcare team, such as nurses, pharmacists, and other doctors, to ensure that patients receive the best possible care.Collaboration is also crucial in providing effective healthcare. No single healthcare professional can provideall the care that a patient needs, and it is essential to work together to ensure that patients receive comprehensive, coordinated care. This means working with other healthcare professionals to develop treatment plans, sharinginformation and expertise, and working together to address any challenges that arise. It also means involving patientsin their own care, empowering them to make informed decisions and take an active role in their own health.Finally, I have learned the importance of continuous learning and professional development. Medicine isconstantly evolving, and it is essential to stay up-to-date with the latest research, techniques, and technologies.This means attending conferences, reading medical journals, and participating in continuing education programs. It also means seeking out opportunities to learn from other healthcare professionals, such as through mentorship programs or collaborative projects.In conclusion, as a medical student, I have learned many important lessons about providing effective healthcare. These include the importance of empathy, communication, collaboration, and continuous learning and professional development. By embracing these principles, I hope to become a compassionate, skilled, and effective healthcare professional who can make a positive difference in thelives of my patients.。
医学英语写作练习题
医学英语写作练习题### 医学英语写作练习题#### 1. 病例报告写作题目:描述一位患有罕见疾病的患者病例。
指导:- 患者基本信息(年龄、性别、职业等)- 主诉和病史- 体格检查发现- 实验室检查结果- 诊断过程- 治疗方案与预后#### 2. 医学文献综述题目:综述近年来关于糖尿病治疗的新进展。
指导:- 糖尿病的定义和流行病学- 传统治疗方法概述- 新治疗方法的介绍(药物、手术、生活方式改变等)- 治疗效果和安全性评估- 未来研究方向#### 3. 临床试验报告题目:报告一项关于新型抗癌药物的临床试验结果。
指导:- 研究背景和目的- 试验设计(随机对照、双盲等)- 受试者选择标准- 干预措施和对照组设置- 结果统计分析- 讨论和结论#### 4. 医学伦理讨论题目:讨论在紧急情况下,医生是否应该违反患者家属的意愿进行救治。
指导:- 紧急情况的定义和特点- 医学伦理原则(自主性、非伤害、行善、公正等)- 真实案例分析- 医生的法律责任和道德责任- 建议和解决方案#### 5. 医学教育论文题目:探讨在线医学教育对医学生学习效果的影响。
指导:- 在线教育的优势和挑战- 医学教育的特殊性- 研究设计(调查问卷、访谈、实验等)- 数据收集和分析方法- 结果解释和教育策略建议#### 6. 医学研究方法论题目:分析跨文化医学研究中的挑战和应对策略。
指导:- 跨文化研究的重要性- 语言和沟通障碍- 文化差异对研究设计的影响- 伦理问题和解决方案- 研究方法的适应性和改进#### 7. 医学评论文章题目:对当前抗生素滥用问题进行评论。
指导:- 抗生素滥用的现状和后果- 政策和法规的作用- 公众教育的重要性- 医疗专业人员的责任- 国际合作的必要性#### 8. 医学新闻报道题目:报道一项重大医学发现或突破。
指导:- 发现的背景和科学意义- 研究过程和方法- 研究结果和潜在应用- 社会和科学界的反应- 对未来研究的展望通过这些练习题,医学生和专业人士可以提高自己在医学英语写作方面的技能,同时也能够更深入地理解医学领域的各种问题和挑战。
医学英语作文
医学英语作文In recent years, the field of medicine has witnessed a revolutionary transformation due to the advent of advanced technology. This essay will explore the impact of technology on medical education, focusing on how it has enhanced learning experiences, improved patient care, and shaped the future of healthcare professionals.Firstly, the integration of technology in medical education has led to a more interactive and comprehensive learning process. With the help of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), students can now visualize complex anatomical structures and procedures in three dimensions. This not only aids in better understanding but also prepares them for real-world applications. For instance, medical students can perform simulated surgeries, which help them develop the necessary skills without the risk of harming patients.Secondly, online learning platforms and digital resources have made medical education more accessible. The availability of online courses, webinars, and lectures from renowned institutions allows students from across the globe to access high-quality education without the constraints of geographical location. This democratization of knowledge has the potential to address the shortage of healthcare professionals in underprivileged regions.Moreover, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machinelearning in medical research has accelerated the discovery of new treatments and therapies. Medical students and professionals can now collaborate on a global scale, sharing data and insights to solve complex medical challenges. This collaborative approach fosters a culture of continuous learning and innovation, which is essential for the advancement of medical science.However, the reliance on technology also presents challenges. There is a concern that an over-reliance on digital tools may compromise the development of essential clinical skills, such as the art of physical examination and patient communication. To address this, it is crucial to strike a balance between technological integration and traditional teaching methods.In conclusion, technology has significantly influenced medical education by providing innovative tools and resources that enhance the learning experience. It has opened doors to a more interconnected and collaborative approach to medical research and patient care. As we continue to embrace technological advancements, it is imperative to ensure that the core values of empathy and human connection in medicine are not overshadowed. The future of medical education lies in a harmonious blend of technology and traditional practices, creating a holistic approach to healthcare training.。
医学英语三级作文范文初中
医学英语三级作文范文初中Medical English Writing Level 3: The Importance of Exercise。
Exercise is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. It is important for maintaining physical fitness, improving mental health, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. In this essay, I will discuss the benefits of exercise and how it can improve our overall well-being.Firstly, regular exercise can help maintain physical fitness. This includes improving cardiovascular health, building muscle strength, and increasing flexibility. Exercise can also help control weight by burning calories and reducing body fat. Additionally, it can improve bone density, reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. By maintaining physical fitness, we can improve our overall quality of life, increase our energy levels, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.Secondly, exercise can improve mental health. It has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by releasing endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. Exercise can also improve cognitive function, including memory and concentration. This is because exercise increases blood flow to the brain, delivering oxygen and nutrients that are essential for brain function. By improving mental health, we can reduce stress levels and improve our overall sense of well-being.Finally, exercise can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some types of cancer. Exercise can also improve immune function, reducing the risk of infections and illnesses. By reducing the risk of chronic diseases, we can improve our overall health and increase our lifespan.In conclusion, exercise is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. It can improve physical fitness, mental health, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. By incorporating regular exercise into our daily routine, wecan improve our overall well-being and lead a healthier, happier life.。
医学英语作文模板
医学英语作文模板Title: The Importance of Medical English Proficiency。
Introduction:Medical English proficiency plays a crucial role in effective communication within the healthcare industry. In an increasingly globalized world, healthcare professionals must be adept at using medical terminology accurately and communicating effectively with patients, colleagues, and researchers worldwide.Body:1. Enhanced Patient Care:Proficiency in medical English enables healthcare professionals to effectively communicate with patients from diverse linguistic backgrounds. Clear communication is essential for explaining diagnoses, treatment options, andmedication instructions, ensuring patient understanding and compliance.2. Global Collaboration:In an era of international medical research and collaboration, proficiency in medical English facilitates communication among researchers, clinicians, andinstitutions worldwide. It enables the exchange ofscientific knowledge, collaboration on research projects, and the dissemination of findings across borders.3. Access to Resources:Medical literature, journals, and conferences are predominantly in English. Proficiency in medical English enhances healthcare professionals' ability to access and leverage these resources, staying updated with the latest advancements in their field and contributing to evidence-based practice.4. Career Advancement:In many countries, proficiency in medical English is a prerequisite for licensure, certification, and professional advancement. Healthcare professionals with strong English skills have greater opportunities for international career prospects, academic pursuits, and participation in global health initiatives.5. Risk Mitigation:Miscommunication due to language barriers can have serious consequences in healthcare settings, leading to medical errors, compromised patient safety, and legal liabilities. Proficiency in medical English reduces therisk of misunderstandings and ensures accurate transmission of critical information.6. Cultural Sensitivity:Language proficiency goes beyond mere communication; it encompasses understanding cultural nuances and sensitivities. Healthcare professionals who are proficientin medical English can navigate cultural differences effectively, fostering trust and rapport with patients from diverse backgrounds.Conclusion:In conclusion, proficiency in medical English is indispensable for healthcare professionals in today's globalized healthcare landscape. It enhances patient care, facilitates international collaboration, grants access to essential resources, and opens doors to career advancement opportunities. Moreover, it mitigates risks associated with language barriers and promotes cultural sensitivity in healthcare delivery. Therefore, investing in medical English education and training is essential for ensuring effective communication and delivering high-quality healthcare services worldwide.。
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5.结论的写法
• • • • • 根据研究结果和讨论所作出的论断 主要指出: 解决了什么问题, 总结发现的规律, 对前人的研究或见解作了那些修证、补 充、发展、证实或否定
6.致谢
• 1)对文章有贡献但不属著者权,比如部 门领导一般支持; • 2)研究进行过技术协助 • 3)经济支助和材料支持,等等 • 4)对论文有思想贡献者: “科学顾问”, “研究计划的重大评论者”,“数据采 集或“临床试验参与者”等。(须经同 意)
实验型学术论文
• 强调记实性、确证性与创新性。
按学科专业性质不同可分为: 按学科专业性质不同可分为
• • • • 基础医学研究论文 预防医学研究论文 临床医学研究论文 医学管理论文(结构灵活,没有统一格 式)
按论文的体裁不同可分为: 按论文的体裁不同可分为
• • • • • 研究论文 调查报告 经验总结 病例分析 疗效观察等
也可以不要图表。 • 如:
文字及标点符号
英文写作时,单位和计量之间要空格,句 号、逗号后面永远空一格。百分比和数 字之间不空格(如in 50%,而不是in 50 %)等
(4)关于计量单位 计量单位问题。 计量单位
• 国际单位制(即SI单位制) 1960 年国际计量大会制定
法定计量单位
• 《中华人民共和国计量法》 • 《关于在我国统一实行法定计量单位的命令》 • 强制性国家标准CB3100~3102-93《量和单位》
7. 参考文献
• 参考文献的编 写:号码法、著者法 • (1)精选 • 只列出著者亲自阅读的,直接引用的, 具有新颖性、真实性、代表性的文献。 • 只列出公开发表的文献。公开发表是指 在国内外公开发行的报刊或书籍上发表。
(2)著录准确
• 参考的标准 • (A)“生物医学期刊投稿的统一要求” (温哥华格式) • (B)我国国家标准“文后参考文献著录 规则(GB7714-87) • (C) 按所投稿期刊要求的格式处理 • 例:p213 (p204)
第一节 医学学术论文的写作
• • • • • 医学学术论文的种类 按研究性质不同可分为: 按研究性质不同可分为 理论型研究论文 观测型研究论文 实验型研究论文
理论型学术论文
• 涉及实验,重在分析和论证问题。主要 通过逻辑推理和假说来完成。
观测型学术论文
• 不强调理论性,突出科学性、学术性和 创造性。
温哥华格式的 参考文献电子著录要求
• Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5];1(1):[24 screens]. Available from: URL: /ncidod/EID/eid.htm
附录
• 插图和表格
(一)前置部分 1.题名(标题、题目或篇名)
• 反映研究的对象、手段、方法与 达到的程度 • 简明扼要、确切醒目 • 中文标题一般为20个字 • 外文题名<=12字,用短语,不用 句子
研 究 器 官 对象
疗效显示 所用方法
治疗应 用药物
研究方法 类型
• 例1 • 冠脉内多普勒血流储备与核素心肌显像 潘生丁试验的对比研究(临床研究文献) • 例2 • 经腹腔镜腰椎前路融合的体会 • 编审意见: • 腹腔镜下腰椎前融合术体会
4.讨论
全文的精华
• 根据研究结果, • 结合基础理论和前人成果, • 应用国际国内最新的学说、理论、见解 对该课题进行分析、作出解释, • 对将来研究有启示 • 对实验结果受影响的因素进行分析, • 对意外发现作出解释、建议和设想
讨论
• 观测型论文:讨论部分以概括、归纳为 主 • 实验型论文:讨论部分要体现创造性发 现与独到见解 • 理论型论文:讨论部分要充分表达学术 思想和创造性观点
医学写作
医学写作的主要任务有
• 对医学某一学科、领域创新性发现进行 科学论述 • 对某些实验性或观测性的新知识进行科 学记录 • 对某些原理在实际应用中的新进展、新 成果进行科学总结
医学文献的体裁:
• • • • • •
种类繁多 结构复杂
常用有: 学术论文 SCIENTIFIC PAPER 学位论文DISSERTATION 医学综述MEDICAL REVIEW 病例系列分析CASE-SERIES ANALYSIS 科学社论 SCIENTIFIC EDITORIALS等
5. 分类号
• 可查阅我国医学高等院校图书馆使用的 “中国图书馆图书分类法”(中图法) • 例:一篇有关急性白血病的论文,可先 查医学“R”类, • 继而浏览 • R733 造血器及淋巴系肿瘤, • R733.7白血病 • R733.71 急性白血病。
(二)主体部分
• 1.前言 • 内容包括:
• • • • 研究的目的概述, 研究或观察的基本原理, 密切相关的参考信息(不要写成小综述) (不包括在正文中报道的数据或结论 )
结构式摘要:
• 目的 说明研究要解决的问题,突出论文的主 题内容 • 对象和方法 说明研究所采用的方法、途径、对 象、仪器等,新的方法须详细描写 • 结果 介绍所发现的事实、获得的数据、资料, 发明的新技术、新方法、取得的新成果 • 结论 对结果分析的基础上所得出的观点或看法, 提出尚待解决、或有争议的问题 • 例:观测型论文
注意:
• (1) 突出自己的创新点,要有自己见解,不 要大量引用他人资料 • (2) 分析紧扣主题,不要离题发挥 • (3) 论证采用已有科学根据的数据,不要以 假设证明假设 • (4) 评价实事求是,认同相关的研究 不重复 在前言或结果部分中的详细数据或其他 材料 • (5)避免不成熟的论断,暗示要求首创权。 理由充分时,可以提出新的假设,但须恰如其 分
3.结果
• (1) 针对研究的问题,逐一列出
结果 • (2)选择代表性数据,进行必要的 统计学方法处理 • (3)画出表格和图,要求规范化 • 如:
• 文字左边对齐 ,数字以小数点为基准对 齐 • 凡能用文字说明的问题,尽量不用图表。 不要同时用表和图重复同一数据 • 表中已有的数据不要再在正文中重复叙 述。没有必要,可以不要图表,结论不多,
• 规范性 • 要求写法格式规范、叙述严谨、 逻辑清晰、文理通顺、描述准确、 简明。
二.学术论文的一般格式
• ①国际——温哥华格式 • ②国内——国家标准 • ③遵循所要投稿的期刊对于论文 的格式要求
• (生物医学期刊投稿统一要求)1978年1月草 案, 1997年,第五版。 • [Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals January 1997 Medical Education 1999; 33(1):66-78] • 1987年公布《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术 论文的编写格式》 (GB7713-87)文件 • 期刊每年的第一期,刊出该刊论文及参考文献 的格式要求。
4.关键词
• 关键词 列出3-8个参考MeSH词表、(中 国生物医学文献数据库电子词表)。 • 有些较新的概念、尚未有Mesh词与其匹 配的关键词可采用当前使用的语言。 • 示例:蜂毒对豚鼠乳头肌的作用 • 著者列出关键词:蜂毒; 乳头肌;收缩; 动作电位;不应期 • 编辑部修改后关键词:蜂毒;乳头肌; 心肌收缩;不应期,神经性
(3)刊名和人名的缩写和音译 刊名缩写的国际标准ISO 4规则的要点 虚词删去 单个词刊名不缩写。例如:Radioistopes; Pharmacology • 单音节或5个或少于5 个字母组成的词不 能缩写。例如:eye,heart,food等 • ISO 833中指明不缩写的词,如Cancer • • • •
2. 著者署名 包括著者的姓名、 单位(科室)及邮政编码
• 根据温哥华的要求,著者应该对论文有 以下方面的实质贡献: • 1) 课题的构思与设计,资料的分析、数 据采集与解释; • 2) 文章起草或对重要内容作重大修正; • 3) 最终完成发表的版本。 • 1),2),3)条必须全部具备方能列为 著者
电子期刊网上公布投稿须知
• 如British Medical Journal (house style), JAMA, 我国的《中华内科杂志》等 • 英文写法: • Instruction for Authors, • Guide to Contributors, • Guide for Authors of papers, • Advice to contributors等
• (3) 实验方法 表述要精确,包括观察 和记录方法的指标,涉及计量和单位的 问题,要根据国家最新法定计量和单位 的标准进行表达。 • (4) 实验程序、操作要点 包括获得结 果的过程 • (5) 统计方法 • 详细,易理解,并能依据原始数据证实 报告的结果
பைடு நூலகம்
• 临床疗效观察或临床病例分析论文 • 可用“对象和方法” • 涉及新的内容时,应详细而便于同行重 复、借鉴。 • 常规方法或重复前人的方法则可略或注 明文献出处即可
• 文字精练,篇幅不宜过长,一般200字左 右。文中使用的语言要统一
2.材料和方法
• 实验研究论文 • (1)仪器设备 应说明所用仪器的型号,制造 的国别和厂家等详细的参数等。 • (2) 试剂药品 如材料的来源、制备、选择标 准,包括普通名、剂量、服用规则等。尽量避 免用商标名。 • (3)实验对象 (病人或实验动物,包括对照 组)。指明年龄、性别、和其他对象的重要特 征等
医学学术论文的格式一般分为 三个部分: • 前置部分 • 主体部分 • 附录部分
前置部分
• • • • • • 题名 (TITLE) 著者 (AUTHORSHIP) 中英文摘要(CHINESE & ENGLISH ABSTRACTS) 关键词 (KEYWORDS) 中国图书馆分类法分类号(CHINESE LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION )