西方政治学的历史演变

西方政治学的历史演变：

As we all know, politics is come from the ancient Greece. Most of all agrees that Aristotle is the founder of polotical science , because what he had written was the first system works on Political Science.

There are four periods in the History of western political science : the ancient Greece period, the middle ages, the modern times and the contemporary period.

First, the ancient Greece period is about 500 BC to 476 BC.It also called The classical political science area. The main research content is the city state.During the period,the representative researcher are Platon and Aristotle.

Second, the medieval period is about 5 to 15 century.Christian theology dominate the era.Politics became the theological subjects.Magisterium and kingship becames the centra content of political research. The main topic is who should have the right to rule. Representatives of this period is Augustin and Thomas Aquinas

Third, the modern period is from the Renaissance to the end of the 19th century .The Renaissance of 15 to 16 Century is a prosperous period of western politics, representatives of this period is Maki Japheth Leigh and Bodin . 17 -18Century is the capitalism development time. Scholars begin to demonstrates what power country should have, what is the purpose of the government and how to build the basis of the government power systematically. The main thought is the natural law ,social contract theory, freedom, equality and fraternity.

The last is the contemporary era, it from the beginning of the 20 century to the 1960s.In the eary twentieth Century .The traditional politics turn to The political science whose representive is the behaviorism politics. it requires the use of natural scientific attitude, means and methods to study the political phenomenon, such as voting behavior, collective decision-making. from the beginning of the 60's, Behavioralism backward turn to behaviorism

politics.tend to study political theory

西方政治学历史沿革的四个时期：

（1）古希腊时期：大约在公元前500年-公元前476年前，这一时期被称为“古典政治学时代”，政治研究的中心内容是城邦政治，主要的代表人物是柏拉图和亚里士多德。

（2）中世纪时期（约５－１５世纪）：“神学政治学时代”，基督教神学思想占统治地位的时期，政治研究被神学视界观所笼罩，政治学成为神学的科目，教会与国家，教权与王权成为政治研究的中心内容。

（3）近代时期（文艺复兴至１９世纪末）：围绕着民族国家的主题，政治学理

论出现了系统地论证国家是如何产生的、国家应该有什么权力，国家的代表——政府的目的和形式是什么，政府权力的基础和构建。

（4）现代时期（２０世纪初－２０世纪６０年代后）：２０世纪初后，传统政治学向政治科学转变，后者以行为主义政治学为代表，本质上是政治学研究对象和方法的革新，它要求用研究自然科学的态度、手段和方法来研究政治现象，由此出发，主张以政治行为（如投票行为、集体决策行为等）作为政治学的研究对象；从６０年代开始，行为主义政治学向后行为主义政治学嬗变，出现了与政治理论研究汇合的趋势。