2018全国职称英语考试大纲详解

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2018-2019-201X年职称英语综合类B级考试真题：概括大意-精选word文档 (3页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年职称英语综合类B级考试真题：概括大意Teaching Is "One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK"1)The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11-16),and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers,Since the 1980s,the number of graduates who say they would "seriously consider" teaching as a career has fallen sharply,from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today.The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.2)The main drawback of secondary teaching,according to the report,is the low salary.Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs,and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers.Joanne Manners,24,is a good example： "I graduated in maths last year,and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher—but when I looked into the details,it became clear that teaching isn't a very lucrative(赚钱的)job these days.I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising,and so I decided not to become a teacher".3)It's not just about the money,however.The survey concluded that another reason why people don't want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school.A lot of schools have problems with discipline,and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.Here's the view of Dave Hallam,an accountant from London："I think parents are to blame.They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers"。

2018考研英语新大纲变化解析

2018考研英语新大纲变化解析2018年9月18日上午，2018考研英语大纲如期面世了。

文都教研老师第一时间将新旧大纲进行了对比，可以确定的说与2018考研英语大纲相比，目前我们见到的2018考研英语一的大纲没有任何字面上的变化，所以大家可以安心复习了。

值得一提的是今年的新大纲样题解析的是2013年的考研真题，可以推断今年的考试难度应该会与2013年的难度水平接近。

从阅读部分来看2013年的阅读前三篇文章题目相对比较容易，所以整个阅读模块的难度水平也就随之降低了。

这预示着2018考研英语的阅读难度有降低的趋势。

所以对大部分考生而言，只要具备基本的理解水平，再加上对真题的分析与学习，是可以在阅读上取得一个不错的分数的。

试卷结构当中，除了占比重最多的阅读理解部分，另外一个重头戏就是写作部分，占到30分。

该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。

A节要求考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

B节英语一要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇160-200词左右的短文。

提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情境、图、表等。

这个要求也没有明显变化。

考生在接下来的复习当中，对于小作文还是要重点准备书信、通知类，而对于备忘录、报告等形式的应用文有简要的了解即可。

大作文的准备仍然是以图画作文为主，重在描写和议论，要学会表达自己的思想观点。

从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对词汇的掌握和去年大纲要求完全一致，“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

”这种具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系）；词汇“背景”（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。

2018考研英语(二)考试大纲原文

2018考研英语(二)考试大纲原文(二)考试内容试题分四部分，共48题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解、英译汉和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇约350词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

第二部分阅读理解主要考查考生获取信息、理解文章、猜测重要生词词义并进行推断等方面的能力。

该部分由A、B两节组成，共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

A节(20小题)本节为多项选择题。

共四篇文章，总长度为1500词左右。

要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。

考生需要在每小题所提供的选项(A、B、C、D)中选出唯一正确或是最合适的答案。

每篇文章设5题，共20题。

每小题2分，共40分。

B节(5小题)本节有两种备选题型。

每次考试从这两种题型中选择其中的一种形式，或者两种形式的组合进行考查。

本节文章设5小题，每小题2分，共10分。

备选题型包括：1)多项对应本节为一篇长度为450~550词的文章，试题内容分为左右两栏，左侧一栏为5道题目，右侧一栏为7个选项。

要求考生在阅读后根据文章内容和左侧一栏中提供的信息从右侧一栏中的7个选项中选出对应的5项相关信息。

2)小标题对应在一篇长度为450~550词的文章前有7个概括句或小标题。

这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述。

要求考生根据文章内容和篇章结构从这7个选项中选出最恰当的5个概括句或小标题填入文章空白处。

第三部分翻译考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。

要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。

共15分。

第四部分写作该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。

共2题，25分。

A节考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

高考考纲_2018年英语附解读

教育部：2018高考大纲发布（英语）总纲普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（以下简称“高考”）是合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应具有较高的信度、效度，必要的区分度和适当的难度。

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（以下简称《考试大纲》）是高考命题的规范性文件和标准，是考试评价、复习备考的依据。

《考试大纲》明确了高考的性质和功能，规定了考试内容与形式，对指导高考内容改革、规范高考命题都有重要意义。

《考试大纲》根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质和能力的要求，参照《普通高中课程标准》，并考虑中学教学实际而制定。

《国务院关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》明确提出深化高考考试内容改革，依据高校人才选拔要求和国家课程标准，科学设计命题内容，增强基础性、综合性，着重考查学生独立思考和运用所学知识分析问题、解决问题的能力。

高考考试内容改革注重顶层设计、统筹谋划，突出考试内容的整体设计，科学构建了高考评价体系。

高考评价体系通过确立“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”这一高考核心功能，回答了“为什么考”的问题；通过明确“必备知识、关键能力、学科素养、核心价值”四层考查内容以及“基础性、综合性、应用性、创新性”四个方面的考查要求，回答了高考“考什么”和“怎么考”的问题。

《考试大纲》是高考评价体系的具体实现，也体现了高考考试内容改革的成果和方向。

《考试大纲》是教育部考试中心和各分省命题省市在命题中都应当严格遵循的，是制定《考试说明》的原则依据。

各分省命题省市在《考试大纲》的基础上，可以结合本省市高考方案和教学实际制订《考试说明》。

本《考试大纲》的解释权归教育部考试中心。

考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3500左右。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

2018年职称英语考试大纲词汇攻略-范文word版 (2页)

2018年职称英语考试大纲词汇攻略-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==职称英语考试大纲词汇攻略职称英语词汇大纲(《全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试大纲》)不分专业类别，即参加综合类，理工类，卫生类职称英语考试的考生所使用的词汇复习大纲均相同，因此在职称英语词汇大纲上出现的词汇绝大部分为“大众化”词汇，专业词汇出现的极少。

综合类的考题中不涉及专业文章，所以综合类的考生在复习中不需要额外记忆专业词汇，只需要参照词汇大纲进行词汇学习，以日常英语中的普通词汇作为复习范围就可以了。

词汇大纲中对A级， B级， C级考生需要掌握的具体词汇都进行了明确的标注，根据词汇大纲要求， C级考生需要掌握的词汇总量为4000词左右(词汇大纲上没带有任何标记的词汇); B级考生需要掌握的词汇总量为5000词左右(在C级词汇的基础上增加了1000个左右属于B级难度的词汇)，词汇大纲上B级难度的词汇前都加注了“*”; A级考生需要掌握的总词汇量为6000词左右(在B级难度的基础上增加了1000个左右属于A级难度的词汇)，词汇大纲上属于A级难度的词汇前都加注了“+”。

虽然职称英语等级考试对各个级别的考生都做出了明确的词汇量要求(即使语言难度要求最低的C级考试也规定考生需要掌握至少4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语结构)，但实际上从历年来考题的出题情况来看，无论是语言难度要求最高的A级考试，还是语言难度要求最低的C级考试，考卷中出现的绝大部分单词(至少85%以上)都是英语中的常见词汇，这部分的单词根据历年考题统计出来大致有201X个左右。

这201X个左右的职称英语核心词汇中还有一部分属于英语中特别基本的词汇，这些词汇甚至在同一套试卷中出现多次重复出现的情况，例如：职称英语综合类A级考题。

2018年职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解综合类(C级)试题

2004年职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解综合类(C级)试题第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 We are sure that he will get over his illness．A certainB awareC happyD determined2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.A in despairB in dangerC in miseryD in pain3 If headaches only occur at night，lack of fresh air is often the cause．A startB beginC happenD visit4 The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank．A sufferB acceptC receiveD support5 A small number of firms have ceased tradingA completedB finishedC fulfilledD stopped6 She was sent a box of chocolates along with a letter saying she was fired．A killedB shotC dismissedD murdered7 The mountains look glorious at sunrise．A invitingB magnificentC appealingD pleasing8 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam．A veryB completelyC usuallyD mostly9 Their parents once lived under very severe conditions、A soundB hardC strictD tight10 Michael is now merely a good friend．A largelyB barelyC justD rarely11 Have you talked to her lately?A lastlyB finallyC shortlyD recently12 While we don’t agree，we continue to be friends．A BecauseB WhereC AlthoughD Whatever13 In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently．A thoughtB accountC mindD brain14 You must shine your shoes．A polishB clearC washD mend15 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident．A secretsB detailsC benefitsD words第2部分：阅读判断 (第16—22题，每题1分，共7分) ’阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

0阅读-2018年高考英语考试大纲解读含解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲(英语)阅读解读《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关阅读的要求：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能:（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；(5）理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

【解读】阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

考生应能：1. 理解主旨和要义每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义.有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。

有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括.2。

理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持,这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础.具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取,有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。

3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。

这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力,是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力,因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。

4。

根据所读内容作出判断和推理在实际的阅读活动中，常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。

这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一.5。

2018高考英语大纲全解析

2018高考英语大纲全解析一、整体概述2018年高考英语大纲并没有发生变化，也和往年的命题角度和命题方向保持一致。

试题总体上还是体现“注重基础，强调运用，突出能力，稳中求变”的命题原则。

在立足于应用的前提下，试题更加侧重对学生英语综合能力的考查，并且在此基础上有所突破。

对学习策略、情感态度和文化意识的考查渗透在对语言知识与语言技能的考查中。

从题型上来看，2018北京高考英语听力分值30分，采用计算机化考试，与统考笔试分离，一年两次考试（12月16日，3月17日），取听力最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。

具体考试内容遵循“三不变”原则，即题型不变、结构不变、难度不变。

笔试试卷依然会是我们已经非常熟知的单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、阅读填空（七选五）、应用文写作及情景写作。

那么我们应该从什么方面备考呢？我认为重要的是我们应该清楚的了解高考英语侧重考查学生什么能力。

综合语言运用能力在笔试试卷上表现为：（1）单项选择——语法运用能力；（2）完形填空——在阅读理解所需能力的基础上的识词能力；（3）阅读理解——理解书面语言的能力、逻辑推理和判断能力；（4）阅读填空（七选五）——对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握的能力（5）应用文写作及情景写作——词语运用能力。

二、2017北京高考英语试卷笔试部分考点回顾分析三、2018年备考建议——“过一关斩五将”“过一关”——词汇关扩大词汇量是提高学生听、说、读，写能力的前提，因此，过好词汇这一关是重中之重。

那么，怎样才能有效地扩词汇量呢？首先，要清楚记忆词汇的步骤：英文读音-中文语义及词性-拼写。

从认知角度来看音是学生接触一个词的最初印象，如果读不出音就记不住形，无音无形就谈不上什么义，因此，要牢记一个单词首先应把音念准。

在高考试卷中，大多的题目即获得大部分的分数的前提是要把英文翻译成中文，因此把读音念准后要熟记中文语义。

其次，要科学复习——单词背诵复习表。

(完整版)2018年高考英语全国卷一试卷分析与历年真题对比及2019备考指南

2018 年高考英语全国卷一试卷剖析与历年真题对照&2019 年高考英语备考指南一、 2018 新课标一高考英语考试范围及考试构造2018 年高考英语科目从考试要求、考试形式和卷面构造来看均与2017 年保持一致。

【第一部分：听力】20 个单项选择题的形式，听力话题与生活息息有关。

【第二部分：阅读理解】2018 年针对阅读依旧是传统的四篇单项选择阅读加一篇七选五任务型阅读，要点观察考生对文章内容的细节理解、推力判断、词义猜想、要旨归纳以及文章逻辑的办理能力。

【第三部分：语言知识运用】第一节：完形填空取材于现实，题材为记述文。

经过记述的方式文章叙述了作者在大学时期学习下棋的经历。

这个话题与2017 年在大学时期学习手语的话题特别相像。

第二节：语法填空经过提示词和无提示词两种方式侧重观察考生对实词和虚词的综合观察。

【第四部分：写作】第一节：短文改错持续8:1:1 的改错原则，8 个改词， 1 个多词， 1 个缺词。

观察要点和方式与早年区别不大。

第二节：书面表达整体中等难度，以邮件的形式介绍去中国朋友家做客的一些风俗。

是传统的书信形式，难度不大。

二、 2018 年新课标高考英语试题命题特色2018 年英语试题，本次题目创新上比较少，整体中规中矩，没有出现偏难偏怪的题目，选项基本上平时加强练习都会波及到。

书面表达也比较简单，作答时不会出现太费劲的地方。

并且阅读题中设置的难点划分度其实不是特别显然。

所以整体上来说今年全国卷I 英语整体难度较昨年略有降落，但个别题目较新奇，观察灵巧有设置适当圈套。

三、 2014-2018 年新课标高考英语高考点散布及对照剖析题型2018 年2017 年2016 年2015 年2014 年1A 篇：应用文—游 A 篇：应用文—游A 篇：应用文—A 篇：应用文—广告客指南客指南A 篇：说明文公告B 篇：新闻报导 B 篇：记述文B 篇：记述文B 篇：记述文B 篇：说明文阅C 篇：记述文 C 篇：说明文C 篇：说明文C 篇：记述文C 篇：谈论文读D 篇：说明文 D 篇：记述文D 篇：说明文D 篇：说明文D 篇：说明文理细节理解题 9 个细节理解题 12细节理解题 9 个细节理解题细节理解题 8 个解9 个 4 个个推理判断题 3 个推理判断题推理判断题推理判断题 5 个3 个1 个推理判断题 2 个词义猜想题 1 个词义猜想题词义猜想题词义猜想题 2 个2 个1 个词义猜想题 1 个标题归纳题 2 个标题归纳题标题归纳题标题归纳题 0 个1 个标题归纳题 0 个七体裁：说明文体裁：记述文体裁：说明文体裁：谈论文体裁：说明文段首设空 1 个段首设空 2 个段首设空 1 个段首设空2 个段首设空 2 个选段中设空 3 个段中设空 2 个段中设空 4 个段中设空 3 个段中设空 3 个五段尾设空 1 个段尾设空 1 个段尾设空 0 个段尾设空 0 个段尾设空 0 个体裁：夹叙夹议体裁：谈论文体裁：记述文类体裁：夹叙夹议类动词（短语） 4 完体裁：夹叙夹议类8 个动词（短语） 6动词（短语） 9 个动词（短语）个形动词（短语） 10 个个名词 7 个名词 6 个名词 4 个名词 9 个填形容词和副词 3 个名词 7 个形容词和副词 4 个形容词和副词形容词和副词 7 空4 个2 个形容词和副词 6介词（短语）个连词 3 个个定语从句 1 个体裁：谈论文体裁：记述文体裁：记述文体裁：谈论文体裁：说明文【有提示词】【有提示词】【有提示词】【有提示词】【有提示词】动词时态和语态动词时态和语态 1动词时态和语态 1动词时态和语态动词时态和语态2 个个22 个个个非谓语动词 2 个语非谓语动词 2 个非谓语动词 2 个非谓语动词 1 个非谓语动词词性变换 1 个法1 个2 个 2 个形容词和副词 1 形容词和副词形容词和副词词性变换名词 1 个填名词 1 个2 个个名词 1 个代词 1 个代词 1 个空词性变换 2 个名词 1 个词性变换 3 个【无提示词】【无提示词】【无提示词】【无提示词】【无提示词】介词 1 个介词 1 个介词 1 个介词 1 个连词 1 个冠词 1 个形容词和副词 1定语从句 1 个冠词 1 个冠词 1 个定语从句 1 个个代词 1 个定语从句1 个定语从句 1 个定语从句 1 个短体裁：记述文体裁：记述文体裁：记述文体裁：记述文体裁：记述文考点：时态、冠考点：介词、名文考点：冠词、连词、考点：数词、冠词、考点：连词、时态、词、连词、介词词、时态、冠词改时态、名词、动词、连词、时态、名词、形容词副词、动词、形容词副词、、形容词副词、错形容词副词、代词动词、形容词副的语态、动词短名词、神态动词、连词词、介词语、冠词、代词代词书体裁：应用文—— 体裁：应用文—— 体裁：应用文—— 体裁：应用文— 体裁：应用文— 面电子邮件（书信）电子邮件（书信）求援信（书信） —约稿信（书信） —咨询信（书信）表话题：给外国朋友话题：帮助外国朋话题：恳求外教帮话题：邀请美国话题：针对一所达介绍到中国朋友友学习中国传统助自己改正求职朋友彼得为校报英国学校公布的2家做客的风俗。

2018年职称英语卫生类B级试题及答案

2018年职称英语卫生类B级试题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. All houses within 100 metres of the seasare at risk of flooding.A. out of controlB. betweenequalsC. in particularD. in danger2. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableB. stableC. suitableD. adaptable3. You'll have to sprint if you wantto catch the train.A. jumpB. escapeC. prepareD. run4. The course gives you basic instructionin car maintenance.A. ideaB. termC. coachingD.aspect5. Stock market price tumbled afterrumor of a rise in interest rate.A. regulatedB. fellC. increasedD. maintained6. The coastal has area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warmB. severeC. hardD. dry7. The idea was quite brilliant.A. positiveB.cleverC. keyD. original8. The new garment fits herperfectly.A. haircutB. purseC. necklaceD.clothes9. Her overall language proficiency remainsthat of a toddler.A. disabledB.babyC. pupilD.teenager10. The details of the costume were totall yauthentic.A. outstandingB.creativeC. realD. false11. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can bevery brutal.A. carelessB.strongC. cruelD. hard12. We are aware of the potential problems.A. possibleB. globalC. ongoingD.central13. The phobia may have its root in achildhood trauma.A. fearB. joyC.hurtD. memory14. They have built canals to irrigate the desert.A. decorateB.waterC. changeD. visit15. The revelation of his past ledto his resignation.A. imaginationB.confirmationC.disclosureD. recall第2部分：阅读判断(第16——22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲3500词汇表(去汉语版)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语词汇表附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & n absurd aabundant aabuse vacademic a & n academy n accelerate vaccent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy naccurate aaccuse v accustomed aache v & nachieve vachievement nacid aacknowledge vacquaintance nacquire vacquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbr12ad=advertisement nadapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress nadequate aadjust vadjustment nadministration nadmirable aadmire vadmission nadmit vadolescence nadolescent a & nadopt vadore vadult nadvance v & nadvantage nadventure nadvertise vadvertisement nadvice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conjafternoon nafterward(s) adagain adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent naggressive aago adagree vagreement nagricultural aagriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nairplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & v13album nalcohol nalcoholic a & nalgebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prepalongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative aalthough conjaltitude naltogether adaluminium(Am aluminum) nalways adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbramateur aamaze vamazing aambassador nambassadress nambiguous aambition nambulance nAmerica namong prepamount n & vample aamuse vamusement nanalyse vanalysis nancestor nanchor v & nancient aand conjanecdote nanger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & v ant n14Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron n arbitrary a arch narchitect narchitecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) varithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & preparrange varrangement narrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prep15ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naside adask vasleep aaspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken)v & aaward naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & nbackground n16backward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria)nbad(worse,worst) abadminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was,were,being,been) vbeach nbean nbean curd nbear 1 nbear 2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conj become(became,becom e) vbed nbeddings nbedroom nbee n17beef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conj beg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) nbehind prep & ad being nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prep beneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & ad betray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle n bid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo nbiochemistry nbiography nbiology nbird nbirth nbirthday nbirthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) vbitter ablack a & nblackboard nblame n & vblank n & ablanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) vblue n & aboard n & vboat nbody n18boil vbomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a & pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v& nbreakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought)vbroad abroadcast(broadcast,broadcast 或-ed,-ed) vbrochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & a19brunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/women) nbusy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan 1 (could); can’t=cannot modal v can 2 ncanal ncancel vcancer n candidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon n20card ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & v cassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) vcategory ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade acentimetre(Am centimeter) ncentral acentre(Am center) ncentury nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) nchalk nchallenge nchallenging achampion nchance nchange n & vchangeable achannel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter ncharacteristic a & n21charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) nchess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) nchildhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) vchopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate vcircumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate nclassroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate n22climb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & vcomb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) vcomedy n comfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n23 concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict nconfuse vcongratulate vcongratulation nconnect vconnection nconscience nconsensus nconsequence nconservation nconservative aconsider vconsiderate aconsideration nconsist vconsistent aconstant aconstitution nconstruct vconstruction nconsult vconsultant nconsume vcontain vcontainer ncontemporary acontent 1 ncontent 2 acontinent ncontinue vcontradict vcontradictory acontrary n & acontribute vcontribution ncontrol v & ncontroversial aconvenience nconvenient aconventional aconversation nconvey vconvince vcook n & vcooker ncookie ncool a24copy n & vcorn ncorner ncorporation ncorrect v & acorrection ncorrespond vcorrupt a & vcost n & vcosy(Am cozy) acottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal vcount vcounter ncountry ncountryside ncouple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) ncrop ncross n & vcrossing ncrossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious acurrency ncurriculum ncurtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut,cut) v & ncycle vcyclist n25Ddad=daddy ndaily a,ad & ndam ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger ndangerous adare v & modal vdark a & ndarkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & vdaughter ndawn nday ndead adeadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & ndeserve v26design v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert n destination ndestroy vdetective n determine vdevelop v development n devote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) ndiamond ndiary ndictation ndictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference ndifferent adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) vdigest vdigital adignity ndilemma ndimension ndinner ndinosaur ndioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a & vdirection ndirector ndirectory ndirty adisability ndisabled adisadvantage ndisagree vdisagreement ndisappear vdisappoint vdisappointed adisaster ndiscount ndiscourage vdiscover vdiscovery ndiscrimination ndiscuss vdiscussion ndisease ndisgusting adish n27disk=disc ndislike vdismiss vdistance ndistant adistinction ndistinguish vdistribute vdistrict ndisturb vdisturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) vdoctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) ndot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & addownload n & vdownstairs addowntown ad,n & adozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) vdrawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed) n & vdress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) vdrive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty n28DVD=digital versatiledisk ndynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad & nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & ad elder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter v29enterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance n entry nenvelope nenvironment nenvy v & nequal a & vequality nequip vequipment neraser nerror nerupt vescape n & vespecially adessay nEurope nEuropean a & nevaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery aeverybody proneveryday aeveryone proneverything proneverywhere adevidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination nexamine vexample nexcellent aexcept prepexchange n & vexcite vexcuse n & vexercise n & vexhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect vexpectation nexpense nexpensive aexperience nexperiment nexpert nexplain vexplanation nexplicit aexplode v30explore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & nexpression nextension nextra aextraordinary aextreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair 1 afair 2 nfaith nfall 1 (fell,fallen) vfall 2 (Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a &adfare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) nfavourite(Am favorite)a & nfax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & a31fibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n& vfigure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine 1 afine 2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm 1 nfirm 2 afish n & v fisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat 1 aflat 2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly 1 (flew,flown) vfly 2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) n football nfor prep & conj forbid(forbade,forbidde n) vforce v32forecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) vforest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) vforgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) vfreezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator nfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & vfundamental afuneral nfunny afur nfurnished afurniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon n33game ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & ngeneration ngenerous agentle agentleman ngeography ngeometry ngesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) vglad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) agoods ngoose(pl geese) ngovern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild ngranddaughter ngrandma=grandmotherngrandpa=grandfather ngrandparents ngrandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp v34grass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & ngreengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger n hammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful n handkerchief n handle n & v handsome a handwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) vhappen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) n hard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & n35have(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline nheadmaster nheadmistress nhealth nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) vhearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & nhobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & adhomeland nhometown nhomework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n &vhook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess n36hot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife nhousework nhow adhowever ad & conjhowl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being nhumorous ahumour(Am humor) nhunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) vhusband nhydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentity nidentification nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine vimmediately adimmigration nimport v & nimportance nimportant aimpossible aimpress vimpression nimprove vin prep & adinch nincident ninclude vincome nincrease v & nindeed aindependence nindependent aindicate vindustry ninfluence n & vinform v37information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist v inspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite viron n & v irrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pron itself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry)njob njog vjoin vjoke n38journalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Amkilometer) nkind 1 nkind 2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) vknowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer n39lay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v & nleader nleaf(pl leaves) nleague nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed) vleast nleather nleave(left,left) vlecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & alemonade nlend(lent,lent) vlength nlesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation nliberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie 1 n & vlie 2 (lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v & alightning nlike v & preplikely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten vliterature nliterary alitre(Am liter) nlitter vlittle(less,least) alive v & alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & vlonely along a & adlook n & vloose alorry n40lose(lost,lost) vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n & vlovely alow a & adluck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine nmad amadam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n & vmailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake 1 nmake 2 (made,made) v male a & nman(pl men) n manage vmanager nmankind nmanner nmany(more,most) pron & amap nmaple nmarathon nmarble nmarch n & v mark n & vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmask n & vmass nmaster v & nmat nmatch v & nmaterial nmathematics=math/maths nmatter n & vmature amaximum a & nmay modal vmaybe adme pronmeal nmean(meant,meant) vmeaning n41means nmeanwhile admeasure vmeat nmedal nmedia nmedical amedicine nmedium nmeet(met,met) v & nmeeting nmelon nmember nmemorial n & amemory nmend vmental amention n & vmenu nmerchant a & nmerciful amercy nmerely admerry amess nmessage nmessy ametal n & amethod nmetre(Am meter) nmicroscope nmicrowave nmiddle nmidnight nmight modal vmild amile nmilk n & vmillimetre(Am millimeter) nmillionaire nmind n & vmine 1 n & vmine 2 pronmineral nminibus nminimum aminister nministry nminority nminus prep & aminute nmirror nmiss 1 nmiss 2 vmissile nmist nmistake(mistook,mistaken) v &nmistaken amisunderstand(misunderstood,misunderstood) v42mix vmixture nmobile amodel nmodem nmodern amodest amom=mum nmoment nmommy=mummy nmoney nmonitor nmonkey nmonth nmonument nmoon nmop n & vmoral a & nmore(much,many) a,ad& nmorning nMoslem nmosquito nmost a & admother nmotherland nmotivation nmotor nmotorcycle nmotto nmountain nmountainous amourn vmouse(pl mice) nmoustache nmouth nmove vmovement nmovie nMr.(mister) nMrs.(mistress) nMs. nmuch a & admud nmuddy amultiply vmurder vmuseum nmushroom nmusic nmusical a & nmusician nmust modal v mustard nmutton nmy pronmyself pronNnail nname n & vnarrow anation n43national a nationality n nationwide ad native anatural anature nnavy nnear a,ad & prep nearby anearly adneat anecessary aneck nnecklace nneed n & modal v needle nnegotiate v neighbour(Am neighbor) n neighbourhood (Am neighborhood) n neither anephew nnervous anest nnet nnetwork nnever adnew anews n newspaper nnext a & adnice aniece n night nno ad & aNo.=number nnoble anobody n & pronnod vnoise nnoisy anone pronnoodle nnoon nnor conjnormal n & anorth a,ad & nnortheast nnorthern anorthwest nnose nnot adnote n & vnotebook nnothing pron,n & anotice n & vnovel nnovelist nnow adnowadays adnowhere adnuclear a44numb anumber nnurse nnursery nnut nnutrition nOobey vobject nobserve vobtain vobvious aoccupation noccupy voccur vocean nOceania no’clock nof prepoff prep & adoffence noffer n & voffice nofficer nofficial n & aoffshore aoften adoh intoil n & voilfield nO.K. adold aOlympic(s) a & non prep & adonce n,ad & conjone prononeself prononion nonly a & adonto prepopen a & vopening nopera noperate voperation noperator nopinion noppose vopposite n & aoptimistic aoptional aor conjoral aorange n & aorbit norder n & vordinary aorgan norganise(Am organize)vorganisation(Am organization) n45origin nother pron & aotherwise adought modal vour pronours pronourselves pronout adoutcome noutdoors adouter aoutgoing aouting noutline noutput noutside n,ad & prepoutspoken aoutstanding aoutward(s) adoval n & adover prep & adovercoat novercome voverhead aoverlook voverweight aowe vown a & vowner nownership nox(pl oxen) noxygen nPpace nPacific apack n & vpackage npacket npaddle npage npain npainful apaint n & vpainter npainting n。

2018年职称英语考试题型及考试内容

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟2018 年职称英语考试题型及考试内容职称英语考试A、B、C 三个等级的考试各由6 个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。

考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。

考试题型、分值及考查内容如下：词汇选项：第1-15 题每题1 分共15 分考查应试者理解在一定语境中单词或短语意义的能力。

本部分为15 个句子，每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从每个句子后面所给的4 个选项中选择1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

阅读判断：第16-22 题每题1 分共7 分考查应试者识别和判断文章所提供的信息的能力。

本部分为1 篇300-450 词的短文，短文后列出7 个句子，有的句子提供的是正确信息，有的句子提供的是错误信息，有的句子的信息在短文中并未直接或间接提及。

要求应试者根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

概括大意与完成句子：第23-30 题每题1 分共8 分考查应试者把握文章段落大意及细节的能力。

本部分为1 篇300-450 词的短文，有2 项测试任务：(1)短文后有6 个段落小标题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的4 个段落各选择一个正确的小标题;(2)短文后有4 个不完整的句子，要求应试者在所提供的6 个选项中选择4 个正确选项分别完成每个句子。

阅读理解：第31-45 题每题3 分共45 分考查应试者对文章主旨和细节信息的理解能力。

本部分为3 篇文章，每篇300-450 词，每篇文章后有5 道题。

要求应试者根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4 个选项中选择1 个最佳答案。

安徽合肥皖智教育2018春季高考研讨会英语学科2018大纲解读以及命题趋势

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语） 2018考试大纲解读及高考命题趋势分析
考核目标与要求解读
二、语言运用 1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语） 2018考试大纲解读及高考命题趋势分析
考核目标与要求解读
【解读】全国卷听力部分分为两节：第一节共5小题，第二节共15小题。考生将听到5段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式)和5段较长的对话或独白，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节的5个小题主要考查考生理解简单的事实性信息和进行简单的推理判断和计算的能力；第二节主要考查考生对材料的整体理解能力，要求考生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，对对话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推理判断，理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语）
每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。 2. 理解文中具体信息
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲（英语） 2018考试大纲解读及高考命题趋势分析
考核目标与要求解读
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

2018年高考英语考试大纲解读专题03语言知识20171220174

语言知识解读《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》（英语）中有关语言知识的要求：要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为 3500 左右。

【解读】高考试卷对语言知识的考查主要体现于完形填空和语法填空。

核心语法，构建网络，不纠缠“偏难怪”词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂，对于这三个要素要形成体系，不要支离破碎地学习，尽量掌握核心内容，不要把重心放在“偏难怪”且有争议的语法现象上。

可以制作一个语法知识本，以梳理核心语法知识，形成自己的知识网络，进而提升借助语法进行阅读和写作的能力。

如牢记常见的不可数名词，如advice, equipment, evidence, fun, furniture, information, luck, news, luggage/baggage, progress等牢记核心的词形变化，如warm—warmth, argue—argument, strong—strength, just—justice, unjust—injustice, explain—explanation等。

题型1 完形填空全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅，2017年全国卷Ⅰ和全国卷Ⅲ的完形填空就选用了记叙文，全国卷Ⅱ采用了夹叙夹议文。

从选材到试题的设置都呈现出“稳中有变”的特点：1. 题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。

且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。

2. 文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。

高考英语考试大纲解读专题02听力(2021学年)

201８年高考英语考试大纲解读专题02 听力编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2０18年高考英语考试大纲解读专题02 听力）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。

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听力解读《2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》(英语）中有关听力的要求:要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能:（1)理解主旨要义;(２)获取具体的、事实性信息;(3）对所听内容做出推断;（４）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

【解读】《考试大纲》听力测试部分要求考生能听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话.考生应具备:1。

了解事实与细节(如时间、地点、数据等）的能力；2。

揭示对话或独白的主要意义的能力;３．明确说话人的语气与意图的能力;4。

辨认人物的角色和关系的能力;5．分析人物的态度和感受的能力;６。

简单地进行逻辑推理与判断的能力。

高考英语听力测试的题型、题材、考查点及应试技巧一、试题的题型特点听力部分分为两节：第一节共5小题，第二节共１5小题。

考生将听到5段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式）和５段较长的对话或独白，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。

第一节的5个小题主要考查考生理解简单的事实性信息和进行简单的推理判断和计算的能力;第二节主要考查考生对材料的整体理解能力，要求考生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，对对话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推理判断,理解说话者的意图、观点或态度等。

二、试题的题材特点高考的听力材料多样化，其内容主要涉及日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、时事、人物和科普常识等方面。

完整word版,2018年全国高考英语考试大纲

2018 年全国高考英语考试纲领查核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。

二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟习话题的简洁独白和对话。

考生应能：（1）理解要旨要义；（2）获得详细的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推测；（4）理讲解话者的企图、看法和态度。

2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中对于一般性话题的简洁文段以及通告、说明、广告等，并能从中获得有关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解要旨要义；（2）理解文中详细信息；（3）依据上下文推测单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本构造；（6）理解作者的企图、看法和态度。

3．写作要求考生依据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：（1）清楚、连接地传达信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。

4．口语要求考生依据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：（1）咨询或传达事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的社交策略。

附录 1 语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常有的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失掉爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停留(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语沟通中的运用6.朗读和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2 语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不行数名词(3)专闻名词(4)名词全部格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词 (比较级和最高等 )7.副词 (比较级和最高等 )8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)神态动词10.时态(1)一般此刻时(2)一般过去时(3)一般未来时(4)此刻进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去未来时(7)未来进行时(8)此刻达成时(9)过去达成时(10)此刻达成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的 -ing 形式(3)动词的 -ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转变法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈说句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)叹息句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.重申24.虚构语气附录 3 功能意念项目表1.社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 辞别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 致歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7)恳求赞同 (Asking for permission)(8)祝福和庆祝 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)供给帮助 (Offering help)(10)接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会 (Making appointments)(12)打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13)就餐 (Having meals)(14)就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15)购物 (Shopping)(16)问路 (Asking the way)(17)讨论天气 (Talking about weather)(18)语言社交困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19)提示注意 (Reminding)(20)警示和严禁 (Warning and prohibition)(21)劝说 (Advice)(22)建议 (Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23)赞同和不一样意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜爱和不喜爱 (Likes and dislikes)(25)一定和不一定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不行能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)可以和不行以 (Ability and inability)(28)独爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意向和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和梦想 (Hopes and wishes)(31)夸奖和鼓舞 (Praise and encouragement)(32)责怪和诉苦 (Blame and complaint)(33)冷漠 (Indifference)(34)判断与评论 (Judgement and evaluation)3.感情 (Emotions)(35) 快乐 (Happiness)(36)诧异 (Surprise)(37)忧愁 (Worries)(38)宽慰 (Reassurance)(39)满意 (Satisfaction)(40)遗憾 (Regret)(41)怜悯 (Sympathy)(42)惧怕 (Fear)(43)愤慨 (Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44)时辰 (Point of time)(45)时段 (Duration)(46)频度 (Frequency)(47)时序 (Sequence)5.空间 (Space) (48)地点 (Position)(49) 方向 (Direction)(50) 距离 (Distance)6.存在 (Existence)(51)存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特点 (Features)(52)形状 (Shape)(53)颜色 (Colour)(54)资料 (Material)(55)价钱 (Price)(56)规格 (Size)(57)年纪 (Age)8.计量 (Measurement)(58) 长度 (Length)(59) 宽度 (Width)(60) 高度 (Height)(61) 数目 (Number)9.比较 (Comparison)(62)同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63)差异比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64)相像和差异 (Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65)原由和结果 (Cause and effect)(66)目的 (Purpose)11.职业 (Occupations)(67) 工作 (Jobs)(68) 单位 (Employer)附录 4 话题项目表1. 个人状况(Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与四周的人(Family, friends and people around)3.四周的环境 (Personal environments)4.平时活动 (Daily routines)5.学校生活 (School life)6.兴趣与喜好 (Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情 (Emotions)8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与梦想 (Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物 (Shopping)12.饮食 (Food and drink)13.健康 (Health)14.天气 (Weather)15.娱乐与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16.旅行和交通 (Travel and transport)17.语言学习 (Language learning)18.自然 (Nature)19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21.热门话题 (Topical issues)22.历史与地理 (History and geography)23.社会 (Society)24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表（略）。

2018年高考英语大纲简约及语法词汇等5个附录

英语考试形式与试卷结构同往年考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生了解和掌握《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇（见附录 1 至附录 5）。

二、语言运用（一）听力听力是使用外语与人直接交流时必不可少的一种语言能力。

该部分要求考生听懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短对话和独白。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取事实性的具体信息；（3）对所听内容作出简单推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。

（二）阅读理解阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。

该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。

考生应能：1. 理解主旨要义；2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4. 根据所读内容做出判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构；6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

（三）写作写作是语言运用能力的重要表现形式。

该部分要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。

考生应能：1. 准确使用语法和词汇；2. 使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。

附录 1语音项目表1. 基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2. 重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3. 读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4. 语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2语法项目表1. 名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2. 代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3. 数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10. 时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13. 构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15. 句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录 3功能意念项目表1.社会交往 (Social Communications)(1) 问候 (Greetings)(2) 介绍 (Introduction)(3) 告别 (Farewells )(4) 感谢 (Thanks )(5) 道歉 (Apologies)(6) 邀请 (Invitation)(7) 请求允许 (Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助 (Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝 (Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会 (Making appointments)(12) 打电话 (Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐 (Having meals)(14) 就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物 (Shopping)(16) 问路 (Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难 (Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意 (Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止 (Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告 (Advice)(22) 建议 (Suggestions)2.态度 (Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢 (Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望 (Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励 (Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨 (Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡 (Indifference)(34)判断与评价 (Judgement and evaluation) 3. 情感 (Emotions)(35)高兴 (Happiness)(36)惊奇 (Surprise)(37)忧虑 (Worries)(38)安慰 (Reassurance)(39)满意 (Satisfaction)(40)遗憾 (Regret)(41)同情 (Sympathy)(42)恐惧 (Fear)(43)愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time)(44) 时刻 (Point of time)(45)时段 (Duration)(46)频度 (Frequency)(47)时序 (Sequence) 5. 空间 (Space)(48)位置 (Position)(49)方向 (Direction)(50)距离 (Distance) 6. 存在 (Existence)(51)存在与不存在 (Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征 (Features)(52)形状 (Shape)(53)颜色 (Colour)(54)材料 (Material)(55)价格 (Price)(56)规格 (Size)(57)年龄 (Age)8. 计量 (Measurement)(58)长度 (Length)(59)宽度 (Width)(60)高度 (Height)(61)数量 (Number) 9. 比较 (Comparison)(62)同级比较 (Equal comparison)(63)差别比较 (Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别 (Similarity and difference) 10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations)(65)原因和结果 (Cause and effect)(66)目的 (Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67)工作 (Jobs)(68)单位 (Employer)附录 4话题项目表1.个人情况 (Personal information)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)3.周围的环境 (Personal environments)4.日常活动 (Daily routines)5.学校生活 (School life)6.兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情 (Emotions)8.人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望 (Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物 (Shopping)12.饮食 (Food and drink)13.健康 (Health)14.天气 (Weather)15.文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)17.语言学习 (Language learning)18.自然 (Nature)19.世界与环境 (The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题 (Topical issues)22.历史与地理 (History and geography)23.社会 (Society)24.文学与艺术 (Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表Aa(an) art abandon vability nable aabnormal a aboard prep abolish vabortion nabout ad & prep above prep,a & ad abroad adabrupt a absence nabsent a absolute a absorb vabstract a & n absurd a abundant a abuse v academic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate aaccuse v accustomed a ache v & n achieve v achievement n acid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual a acute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable aadmire v admission nadmit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad,prep & conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture nahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail n airplane nairport nairspace nalarm n & v album nalcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a & pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow v allowance n almost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside ad aloud ad alphabet n already adalso ad alternative a although conj altitude n altogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)./am,./AM abbr amateur a amaze v amazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & vant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj & prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naside adask vasleep aaspect nassess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic a atmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & n attend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction n attractive a audience naunt n authentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a & nbackground nbackward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & nbeautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) vbed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) vbehalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) vbeneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & adbetray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v & n big abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard nblame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn aborrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a & pron bother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & nbreakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) vbroad abroadcast(broadcast,broadcast 或-ed,-ed) vbrochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt 或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman (pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan1(could); can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless acarpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) vcastle ncasual acat ncatalogue ncatastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) vcategory ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade acentimetre (Am centimeter) ncentral acentre(Am center) ncentury nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman (pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge nchallenging achampion nchance nchange n & vchangeable achannel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter ncharacteristic a & ncharge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & nchemist n chemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood nchocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate nclassroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial acommit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company ncompare vcompass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate vconcept nconcern v & nconcert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & vcost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal v count vcounter ncountry n countryside n couple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious acurrency n curriculum ncurtain ncushion n custom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist nDdad=daddy ndaily a,ad & ndam ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger ndangerous adare v & modal vdark a & ndarkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & vdaughter ndawn nday ndead adeadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate vdecoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective n determine vdevelop v development n devote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation ndictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference ndifferent adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) vdigest vdigital adignity ndilemma n dimension ndinner ndinosaur ndioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a & vdirection ndirector ndirectory ndirty adisability ndisabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster ndiscount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting adish ndisk=disc ndislike vdismiss vdistance ndistant adistinction n distinguish v distribute vdistrict ndisturb vdisturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt或-ed,-ed) n & vdress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) vdrive(drove,driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad & nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj & adelder nelect velectric aelectrical aelectricity nelectronic a elegant a elephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & v ending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a & ad enquiry nenter v enterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially ad essay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent n eventually ad ever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone proneverything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident aevolution nexact aexam=examination n examine vexample n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment nexpert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & v expose vexpress v & n expression n extension nextra a extraordinary a extreme aeye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) vfall2(Am)=autumn n false a familiar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或 further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour nflow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep & conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) vfork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate a fortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain n funeral n fox nfragile afragrant a framework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship nfrighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & v fundamental a funny afur nfurnished afurniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather vgay ageneral a & n generation ngenerous agentle agentleman n geography n geometry ngesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) v glad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern v government ngrade ngradual agraduate v graduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother n grandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer n greet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) vgrowth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhammer nhand n & vhandbag nhandful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v & nhave(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline n headmaster n headmistress n health nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) v high a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & n hobby nhold(held,held) v hole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse n hospital nhost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow adhowever ad & conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & nhuman being n humorous ahumour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband nhydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentity n identification nidiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine v immediately ad immigration nimport v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & adinch nincident ninclude vincome nincrease v & n indeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite viron n & v irrigation nis v(be) island nit pronits pronitself pronJ jacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) n kind1 nkind2 akindergarten nkindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) nknock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory nlabour(Am labor) nlack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & vlanguage nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & vlaughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v & nleader nleaf(pl leaves) nleague nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt-ed,-ed) v least nleather nleave(left,left) vlecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & alemonade nlend(lent,lent) vlength nlesson nlet(let,let) vletter nlevel nliberation nliberty nlibrarian nlibrary nlicense nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) vlife(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v & alightning nlike v & preplikely alimit vline n & v link v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten vliterature nliterary alitre(Am liter) nlitter vlittle(less,least) alive v & alively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & vlonely along a & adlook n & vloose alorry nlose(lost,lost) vloss nlot nloud alounge nlove n & vlovely alow a & adluck nlucky aluggage nlunch nlung nMmachine nmad amadam/madame n magazine nmagic amaid nmail n & vmailbox nmain amainland nmajor amajority nmake1 nmake2(made,made) v male a & nman(pl men) n manage vmanager n mankind nmanner n。