宾语从句知识总结
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知识总结:
宾语从句的重难点主要有三点:引导词、语序和时态。
连词的选择
that和what
【高考示例】
1. We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have ___________we have here and treat food nicely.(2010福建卷)
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
2. As a new graduate, he doesn’t know_____it takes to start a business here.(2010天津卷)
A. how
B. what
C. When
D. which
3. Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming
season. (2010山东卷)
A. why
B. what
C. how
D. which
4. I want to be liked and loved for ______I am inside. (2010北京卷)
A. who
B. where
C. what
D. how
考点解析:
以上四题均考查what引导的宾语从句,连接代词what在宾语从句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当成分,即主语,宾语,表语或定语;而连接词that只起连接作用,在宾语从句中不充当任何成分,常可省略。所以我们在面对这类考题时:
首先,应判断从句部分是否缺主语,宾语,表语或定语。如果缺这些成分的话,首先考虑who, whom, what, which和whose等,但要区别后三者做定语时的用法区别。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。
第二,如果题干中不需要填入代词,需要结合语境考虑是否需要填入疑问副词when, why, where, how, whether, if等。宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问,如“是否”、“是不是”、“能否”等,就用连词if/whether来引导。
第三,如果根据语境,宾语从句是个陈述句,不需要填入疑问副词,那就用连词that 引导。
例4的难点在于我想别人喜欢我是因为“我”的内在,也就是“我”inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A,错误地用中文语言习惯去做英文题。whether和if
【高考示例】
… but it didn't matter that I would win or not.(NMET短文改错)
此题很显然是考查 whether和if引导宾语从句的差别。答案是将that改为whether。在使用whether和if引导宾语从句时,应注意以下几种情况:
①引导介词宾语从句时,只能用 whether,不用if。如:
I am interested in whether he'll go abroad.
②当提出两种选择时,要用whether。如:
We don't know whether he will come or not.
③ discuss,decide 等动词后,通常只跟 whether 引导的宾语从句,而不用if。如:
They discussed whether they should put off the meeting.
He decided whether he would go with her.
④如果宾语从句是否定结构,则只用 if 引导。如:
I don't care if he doesn't join in the game.
连接副词when,where,how,why
【高考示例】
1. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ________she
was so angry. (2010湖南卷)
A. where
B. whether
C. that
D. why
2. We haven’t discussed yet ____ we are going to place our new furniture.(2010全国卷Ⅰ)
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. where
考点解析:
以上两题都是考查连接副词引导的宾语从句。连接副词 when,where,how,why 既有疑问意义,又起连接作用,而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语,分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。例1的宾语从句中缺表原因的状语,故用why;例2根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语,因此选择D。再如:
We don't know why he didn't come.
Can you tell me where the post office is?
He wondered how he could solve the problem.
语序:
【高考示例】
1.When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers
know________.(2010上海卷)
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
2.No one can be sure ____________ in a million years.
A.what man will look like B.what will man look like