2018年同等学力申硕统考教育学真题及参考答案(部分)
同等学力历年真题参考答案
同等学力历年真题参考答案一、考题回顾同等学力考试是中国研究生招生考试的一种，旨在选拔具备本科阶段知识水平的考生进入研究生阶段。
历年来，同等学力考试的题目涵盖了多个学科领域，考察考生的综合知识和分析能力。
下面将回顾近几年的同等学力考试真题，并提供参考答案。
二、英语试题1. 阅读理解题目：阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019年真题)原文：Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly entering our everyday lives. From voice assistants like Apple’s Siri to autonomous vehicles, AI technologies are revolutionizing the way we live and work. However, there are also concerns about the impact of AI on the job market and on society as a whole.解析：空白处前后是一段关于AI的话题，可以推断这里可能会讲到人们对AI的担忧。
在多余选项中，选项E“Advantages of AI in healthcare”与文章没有关联，因此可以排除。
正确答案为D“Risks and challenges of AI”，这个选项与担忧有关。
2. 完型填空题目：阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018年真题)原文：As a child, I was often mocked by my family members and classmates for being overweight. During recess, while other children were playing and having fun, I would sit __1__ in a corner and watch them from afar. My weight problem had a negative effect on my self-confidence, and I believed that I would never be truly __2__ by others.解析：由空白前后的描述可知，这里是在说作者因为体重问题受到了负面影响，所以选项A“isolated”(孤立的)符合语境。
同等学力申硕考试教育学综合真题及答案解析
同等学力申硕考试教育学综合真题及答案解析教育学综合是同等学力申硕考试中的一门重要科目，考察考生对于教育学知识的理解和应用能力。
下面将给出一套教育学综合的真题及答案解析，帮助考生更好地备考。
一、选择题1. 教育学的核心任务是：A. 传授知识B. 培养创新能力C. 培养完整的人格D. 提高社会地位答案：C解析：教育学的核心任务是培养完整的人格，包括知识、能力、情感、态度等多个方面。
2. 班级管理中的“准则”是：A. 班级管理的目标和原则B. 班级管理的方法和技巧C. 班级管理的具体工作D. 班级管理的评价和反思答案：A解析：班级管理中的“准则”指的是班级管理的目标和原则，对于班级管理的方向和基本要求进行规定。
3. 教学设计的基本原则包括：A. 学生为主体B. 教学内容独立C. 教学环节连贯D. 教育资源合理利用答案：A、C、D解析：教学设计的基本原则包括学生为主体、教学环节连贯和教育资源合理利用，强调以学生为中心的教学理念。
4. 以下不属于中小学教育质量评价的常用指标的是：A. 学生成绩B. 班级管理C. 教学质量D. 社会反馈答案：B解析：中小学教育质量评价的常用指标包括学生成绩、教学质量和社会反馈，班级管理不属于此类指标。
二、简答题1. 请简要介绍一下教育学的研究内容。
教育学的研究内容主要包括教育的本质和目的、教育的对象和载体、教育的过程和方法、教育的环境和条件等方面。
教育学研究的核心是为了探讨教育的规律性和可操作性，为教育实践提供理论指导。
2. 请简要介绍一下班级管理的基本原则。
班级管理的基本原则包括综合管理，培养学生自我管理和班级管理团队，注重个性差异和个性发展，关注教育与教学相统一等方面。
班级管理的目标是营造一个积极向上、团结友爱、秩序井然的学习环境，促进学生全面发展。
三、论述题请论述教师在课堂教学中的作用。
教师在课堂教学中起着至关重要的作用。
首先，教师是学生的学习引导者，能够合理组织教学活动，设计教学内容和方法，帮助学生理解和掌握知识。
教育学考研真题及答案完整版
2018年教育学考研真题及答案完整版一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分,共90分.下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1.关注和探询“谁控制学校”、“谁制定学校管理的政策”、“谁决定教育的伦理、社会和经济目标”、“谁设置课程”的教育理论流派是A。
制度教育学 B。
改造主义教育理论C。
存在主义教育理论 D。
批判教育学【参考答案】D【解读】批判教育学是20世纪70年代之后兴起的一种教育思潮，主要代表人物是鲍尔斯、金蒂斯、阿普尔、吉鲁，法国的布厄迪尔等。
基本观点是：第一，当代资本主义的学校教育不是一种民主的建制和解放的力量，而是维护现实社会的不公平和不公正的工具，是造成社会差别、社会歧视和社会对立的根源；第二,教育是与社会相对应的，有什么样的社会政治、经济和文化，就有什么样的学校教育机构，社会的政治意识形态、文化样态、经济结构都强烈低制约着学校的目的、课程、师生关系、评价方式等，学校教育的功能就是再生产出占主导地位的社会政治意识形态、文化关系和经济结构；第三，批判教育学的目的就是要揭示看似自然事实背后的利益关系,帮助教师和学生对自己所处的教育环境及形成教育环境的诸多因素敏感起来，即对他们进行“启蒙”，以达到意识“解放”目的，从而积极地寻找克服教育及社会不平等和不公正的策略;第四，教育现象不是中立的和客观的，而是充满着利益纷争的,教育理论研究不能采取唯科学主义的态度和方法，而要采用实践批判的态度和方法。
从题干的角度出发，选择D.2。
如下现象属于教育范畴的是A。
爸爸针对小明懦弱的个性设法训练小明如何以牙还牙报复欺侮者B。
妈妈指导小明在与他人冲突中如何保护自己C. 老师严格管理以保护小明等弱小学生不再受欺负D。
小明在与同学的多次冲突中逐渐学会了如何与人和睦相处【参考答案】B【解读】教育的定义具有广义和狭义的区分，广义的教育指的是，凡是有目的的地增进人的知识技能，影响人的思想品德,增强人的体质的活动，不论是有组织的或是无组织的，系统的或是零碎的，都是教育。
2018年同等学力申硕考试《教育心理学》试题
2018年同等学力申硕考试《教育心理学》试题一、填空题(每空1分，共20分)1、按照美国布鲁姆等人的观点，教学目标可分为认知、情感和_____三个领域。
2、心理学研究表明，当过度学习量比刚能达到背诵的学习量增加_____时，学习效果最佳。
3、奥苏伯尔认为，成就动机由_____内驱力、_____的内驱力和附属的内驱力组成。
4、动作技能的形成要经历四个阶段：认知阶段、_____阶段、联系定位阶段和_____阶段。
5、“最近发展区”是前苏联心理学家--_提出的。
6、马斯洛将人类的求知和理解的需要、审美的需要以及自我实现的需要统称为_____。
7、被誉为“教育心理学之父”的是_____。
8、问题解决的一般过程分为_____、_____、_____、_____四个阶段。
9、品德的心理结构一般包括：_____、_____、道德意志、_____四个因素。
10、皮亚杰认为儿童道德认识的发展是由_____向_____过渡的过程。
11、教学目标陈述方法有马杰的_____和格伦兰的_____。
二、选择题(每小题1分，共15分)1、采用道德两难故事法研究儿童、青少年品德发展的过程，提出了儿童青少年品德发展三个水平六个阶段理论的心理学家是()A.皮亚杰B.斯陶布C.章志光D.柯尔伯格2、马斯洛的需要层次理论认为，人类需要的最高层次是需要。
()A.归属B.自我实现C.尊重D.生理3、一般而言，把学习成败归因于何种因素对学习动机的激励作用最大?()A.努力程度B.能力高低C.任务难度D.运气好坏4、.品德心理结构中最具有动力色彩的成份是()A.道德认识B.道德情感C.道德意志D.道德行为5、体现了垂直迁移的具体事例是()A.汉语拼音的学习影响英语字母的发音B.“角”的概念的掌握影响“直角”、“平角”等概念的学习C.“石”字的学习影响“磊”字的学习D.在学校形成的爱护公物的习惯影响在校外的行为表现6、美国心理学家桑代克反对形式训练说，提出了迁移的()A.相同要素说B.概括化理论C.关系转换说D.学习定势说7、根据认知心理学的研究，程序性知识的表征形式主要是()A.命题B.命题网络C.图式D.产生式8、现代认知心理学的陈述性知识相当于加涅学习结果分类体系中的()A.智慧技能B.认知策略C.言语信息D.动作技能9、奥苏伯尔认为，学生学习的实质是()A.有意义接受学习B.有意义发现学习C.发现学习D.探究学习10、在布卢姆的教育目标分类学中，认知领域的最高级目标是()A.运用B.分析C.综合D.评价11、环境决定论的代表人物是：()A.彪勒B.马斯洛C.华生D.皮亚杰12、消极强化的实例是：()A.老板为出色雇员增加薪水B.老板对迟到的雇员扣发奖金C.学生上课扮怪相而无人理睬D.感觉屋内人声嘈杂时暂时离屋13、发现学习的倡导者是：()A.布鲁纳B.奥苏贝尔C.斯金纳D.加涅14、元认知的概念是由()美国发展心理学家最早在1976年提出来的。
同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》真题(精选)及详解公开课教案教学设计课件资料
RI3年同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》真题及详解整理者：XXX考生须知：本试卷满分Ioo分。
2.请考生务必将本人考号后两位数字填在本页右上角方框内。
3.第一题的答案一律用2B铅笔填涂在指定的答题卡上，写在试卷上或答题卡上的答案一律无效。
4.在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为在答案所代表的字母上划线。
夕第二至第四题一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔在答题纸指定的位置上按照要求作答,未做在指定位置上的答案一律无效。
6.监考员收卷时，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据），否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。
一、单项选择题（每小题2.5分,共30分）教育学的研究对象是（）。
A.教育问题B.教育现象C.教育事实D.教育规律【答案】A【解析】教育学的研究对象应是以“教育事实”为基础，在教育价值观引导下形成的”教育问题L其目的在于探索和揭示教育活动的规律性联系，以服务于教育实践。
教育问题的提出标志着教育学的萌芽；教育问题的发展是推动教育学发展的内在动力；教育问题的转换表明教育学研究传统和范式的变革；对同一问题的不同回答就形成了不同的教育思想或教育观念及其派别。
因此，教育学的研究对象是教育问题。
2.现代教育发展的根本动因是（）。
A.生产力发展B.工业革命C.科学技术进步D.文化创新【答案】A【解析】办教育必须有一定的人力和物力作支撑和保障，倘若连温饱都未解决，也就无力从事教育了。
所以发展教育的根本动力是人力和物力的总和，即生产力。
3."不愤不启，不俳不发。
”这句话出自（）。
A.《学记》B.《论语》C.《大学》D.《中庸》【答案】β【解析】语出《论语・述而》：“不愤不启，不惜不发，举一隅，不以三隅反，则不复也L这是XX论述启发式教学的重要名言，对后世影响非常深远。
愤：心里想求通而又未通。
琲：想说又不知道怎么说。
“举一隅，不以三隅反，则不复也”，意为以一个角为例来教授学习者，而他不能推断其他三个角如何，就不必再教，因为他不用心思考。
教育学试题及答案2018
2024新版摄影摄像服务合同，标准版doc（二）2024新版摄影摄像服务合同合同编号：2024PHV-002甲方（服务提供方）：公司名称：__________________________地址：__________________________联系人：__________________________联系电话：__________________________注册号：__________________________乙方（服务需求方）：姓名：__________________________地址：__________________________联系电话：__________________________身份证号码：______________________一、服务内容1.1 甲方将根据乙方的要求，在指定地点提供摄影摄像服务。
1.2 服务费用、时间和地点由双方协商确定，并在本合同中注明。
二、服务费用2.1 乙方同意支付甲方指定的服务费用，费用包括但不限于摄影服务、摄像服务等。
2.2 费用支付方式为：__________________________，详细信息见附件一。
三、服务时间和地点3.1 服务时间由双方协商确定，具体时间为__________________________。
3.2 服务地点为__________________________，双方确认同意上述服务地点。
四、服务标准4.1 甲方将以专业、高质量的摄影和摄像设备提供服务，并确保所拍摄的照片和视频符合乙方的要求。
4.2 如需后期修饰、编辑、加工等服务，双方可另行协商。
五、版权归属5.1 甲方提供的摄影照片和摄像视频版权归甲方所有。
5.2 乙方可在非商业用途下使用所拍摄的照片和视频，但未经甲方书面同意，不得进行商业用途的使用、传播和复制。
六、服务变更和取消6.1 如需变更服务时间、地点或服务内容，双方应在变更前协商一致，并签署书面变更合同。
同等学力申硕2009-2019年教育学真题
同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》2011年真题一、单项选择题(每小题1.5分，共30分)1.教育学的研究任务是（）A.研究教育现象B.解決教育问题C.揭示教育规律D.总结教育经验2.“实验教育学”的代表人物是（）A.涂尔干B.克伯屈C.杜威D.梅伊曼3.“孟母三迁”的故事说明了影响人发展的重要因素是( )A.遗传B.环境C.教育D.人的主观性4.结构主义课程的代表人物是( )A.凯洛夫B.布鲁纳C.布鲁姆D.泰勒5.“一把钥匙开一把锁”运用在教育中是强调 ( )A.因材施教B.教育影响的一致性和连贯性C.理论联系实际D.在集体教育中6.中国古代的太学制度创立于 ( )A.西周B.秦朝C.西汉D.唐朝7.中国儒家经典“四书”是指 ( )A.《大学》、《中庸》、《孝经》、《论语》B.《论语》、《孟子》、《诗经》、《尚书》C.《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《春秋》D.《大学》、《中庸》、《孟子》、《论语》8.由维新派创立的学校是（）A.京师同文馆B.万木草堂C.爱国学社D.南洋公学9.提出教育的最高目标是培养哲学王的教育家是（）A.苏格拉底B.亚里士多德C.柏拉图D.夸美纽斯10.近代欧洲自然主义教育思想的代表人物是( )A.卢梭B.洛克C.赫尔巴特D.斯宾塞11.个体利用已有的认知结构将新的刺激整合进自己的认知结构的过程称为（）A.同化B.顺应C.平衡D.整合12.根据佛洛伊德的个性发展理论，男孩出现恋母情结的阶段是( )A.肛门期B.性器期C.澘伏期D.生殖期13.“普雷马克原理”是指（）A.利用高频活动去强化高频活动B.利用高频活动强化低频活动C.利用低频活动去强化高频活动D.利用低频活动去强化低频活动14.最早提出中间变量的概念，将S-R改成了S-O-R的心理学家是( )A.华生B.斯金纳C.苛勒D.托尔曼15.个体在群体意识的影响下，失去或削弱自我导向的功能和责任感，个体状态相对丧失，这一现象称为( )A.群体极化B.去个性化C.从众D.社会惰化16.按照行为目标，教育测验可分为智力测验、能力倾向测验、成就测验和（）A.职业倾向测验B.个性测验C.态度测验D.情绪测验17.教育科学研究质量评价的内容包括目标测评、过程评价、成果评价和（）A.理论测评B.效益测评C.方法测评D.条件测评18.按调查对象的范围，调査研究可分为典型调查、普通调查、抽样调查、个案调查和（）A.专家调查B.学校调查C.社会调查D.民意调查19.教育研究中假设的作用在于（）A.明确硏究的范畴B.使问题更具体，方向更明确C.确定自变量的操作定义D.明确被试的特征20.在教育实验研究中，由挑选被试产生的误差，如果极端分数进行回归，叫做( )A.偶然误差B.取样误差C.统计误差D.霍桑效应二、名词解释(每小题3分，共12分)1.教育制度2.《国防教育法》(美国)3.程序性知识4.三角互证法三、简答题(每小题7分，共28分)1.简述教育的文化功能2.简述斯宾塞科学教育思想的基本主张3.简述奥苏伯尔的有意义学习的内部条件4.简述设计问卷中的问题的基本要求四、论述题(任选3小题作答，每小题10分，共30分:如4小题均答，以回答的前3小题为准)1.论述当代西方道德教育理论的发展趋势。
【精品】(有参考答案)2018年同等学力人员申请硕士学位经济学综合全国统一考试真题
2018年同等学力人员申请硕士学位经济学综合全国统一考试一、单项选择题1.( )指行为人对财产加以控制的可能性A占有权B使用权C收益权D处分权答案：A解析:占有权能,指人对财产直接加以控制的可能性,是所有者与他人之间因对财产进行实际控制而产生的权利义务关系。
使用权能,是指不改财产的所有和有的性依其用途而对其加以利用的可能性,是人与人之间利用财产而产生的权利义务关系。
收益权能,是指获取基所有者财产而产生的经济利益的可能性,是人们因获取追加财产而产生的权利义务关系。
处分职能，是指法律所保障的改变财产的经济用途或状态的行为的可能性,他所反映的是人在变更财产过程中所产生的权利义务关系。
2总供给曲线向右移动的因()A货币供给增加B斯阳老我育C技术进步D法定准备金下调答案：C解析:考题中垂直的总供给曲线向右移动,说明此时的总供给为潜在产出水平下的总供给,要想使得供给曲线向右移动,需依赖于技术进步(内部突破)提高劳动生产率提高资源的利用率来提高产量3.可选择性货币政策工具不包括( )A再贴现率B存款准备金政策C公开市场业务D不动产信用控制答案：D解析:三大货币政策工具包括存款准备金政策,再贴现政策,公开市场业务政策。
4.关于公共物品的属性正确的是( )A公共产品具有排他性公共产品不具有排他性,容易造成免费搭车现象C公共产品不具有消费排他性,生产上具有竞争性D. (选项内容缺省)答案：B解析:公共物品是指由政府部门(公共部门)提供的、用来满足社会公共需要的物品和服务公共物品的基本特征是非排他性非竞争性。
非排他性是指无法排除他人从公共物品获得利益这一特征意味着可能形成免费搭车现象。
免费搭车行为是指不承担任何成本而消费或使用公共物品的行为。
非竞争性是指在生产水平既定的情况下,增加一个消费者减少其他消费者的消费数量5.以下符合基尼系数的选项是()A基尼系数越接近1越趋于平等B基尼系数越接近1越趋于不平等C基尼系数越接近0越趋于平等D.基尼系数越接近05越趋于平等。
2018年同等学力教育综合真题与答案及解析(部分)
A 教学计划
B 教学大纲
C 教科书
D 教案
答案：C
解析：教育学原理—课程（p118）教科书简称课本，它是依据教学大纲系统阐述
学科内容的教学用书。教科书是教学大纲的具体化。
4.现阶段我国教学工作的基本组织形式是（ ）
A 个别教学
B 分组教学
C 班级教学
D 自主学习
答案：C
解析：中外教育史—中国近代教育制度（p190）
解析：教育学原理—教育、社会与人（P33）。教育具有什么性质，这是由该社会
的社会政治经济直接决定的。教育的历史证明：有什么样的社会关系就有什么样
的教育。欧洲古代中世纪教育的神学性是由于宗教僧侣对教育的垄断；近代资本
主义的物质生活方式则决定了资本主义教育的阶级性。
3.既是课二、简答题
1.教学评价的类型（p136） （1）按评价的基准（价值标准）可分为相对评价、绝对评价和个体内差异
评价； （2）按评价功能可分为诊断性评价、形成性评价和总结性评价； （3）按参与评价的主体可分为自我评价和外部评价； （4）按评价的方法可分为定量评价和定性评价。
2.美国公立学校运动的产生以及特点（p254） （1）公立学校运动的产生：19 世纪以前的美国学校许多都是私立或教会办
8. 中国历史上主张“性善论”的教育家是（ ）
A 孟子
B 老子
C 孔子
D 荀子
答案：A
解析：中外教育史—中国教育思想的发展与演变（p194）。孟子认为人人具有先
验的“良知”、“良能”，提倡性善论
9.17 世纪英国出现了由非国教派创办的一种新的学校形式称为（ ）
A 学园
B 星期日学校
C 导生制学校
D 修道院学校
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《333教育学(统考)》真题
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料2018年教育学333（统考）考研真题答案解析选择题：1．某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重，担心会影响孩子创造力和批判反思能力的发展，决定亲自给孩子上课。
该事例说明学校教育具有（）A.正面显性功能B.负面显性功能C.正面隐性功能D.负面隐性功能【参考答案】D2．教育工作需要循序渐进，主要依据的是儿童身心发展的是（）A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性【参考答案】D3．对人力资本理论提出质疑，认为教育并不提高人的能力，只是用来区别不同人能力的手段，这种观点属（）A.冲突论B.文凭理论C.结构理论D.劳动力市场理论【参考答案】B4．农耕时代教育的目的是强调培养具有一定文化素养的统治者，工业时代兼顾脑力劳动者和体力者的培养。
信息时代更注重创新型人才的培养，这说明教育的目的受限制于（）A.文化传统B.生产方式C.教育政策D.教育理论【参考答案】B17.1912年蔡元培在《对于教育方针之意见》中提出五育并举的教育方针，其中超越政治的教育为（）A实利主义教育、世界观教育B实利主义教育、军国民教育C世界观教育、美感教育D军国民教育、美感教育【参考答案】C18.20世纪20年代的"工读主义"教育思潮有一派认为，工读就是用自己的劳动延续求学经费而已，不必去理会什么主义，这一派的代表人物是（）A周予同B胡适C李大钊D王光圻【参考答案】B19．1928年南京国民政府制定"戊辰学制"的指导原则，对1922年新学制标准进行了调整，特别提出（）A"多留各地伸缩余地"B"使教育利于普及"C"根据本国国情"D"谋个性之发展"【参考答案】C20．1929年南京国民政府公布《大学组织法》《大学规程》，规定大学的办学目标是（）A研究高深学问，培养专门人才B教授应用科学，培养专门人才C教授应用科学，培养技术人才D研究高深学问，培养技术人才【参考答案】A21．下列选项符合陈鹤琴"活教育"课程思想的（）A直接的知识要优于书本知识，故书本知识应予以摒弃B打破学科组织体系，采取活动中心和活动单元的形式C儿童经验固然是重要的，但学科课程体系也不可破坏D打破知识的学科界限，按照儿童的兴趣组织课程内容【参考答案】B22．20世纪30年代初期，梁漱溟在山东邹平、菏泽两县设立乡农学校，开展乡村教育实验，这种乡农学校性质上属于（）A农业职校B农民夜校C教育与行政合一的机构D教育与军事合一的机构【参考答案】C23．中国共产党领导下的抗日革命根据地的社会教育以成人教育为核心，其最广泛、最普遍的教育形式是（）A工读校B半日校C列宁学校D冬学【参考答案】D24．创设文法、修辞、辩证法科目，为后来七艺成型奠定基础的是（）A智者派B柏拉图C亚里士多德D毕德哥拉斯学派【参考答案】A25．古罗马教育家昆体良主张，在雄辩家培养中居于首要位置的是（）A高尚品质的培养B雄辩技巧的练习C优雅举止的训练D文雅风度的练习【参考答案】A26．在西欧中世纪骑士教育实践中，以"骑士七技"为主要学习内容的阶段是（）A家庭教育B礼文教育C侍从教育D社会教育答案暂无27．17世纪，以爱丁堡大学为代表的苏格兰大学与牛津大学、剑桥大学相比，更重视（）（教育学必胜习题库--中世纪大学）A大学自治B教授治校C科学教育D古典教育【参考答案】C28．为十八世纪后期德国泛爱主义教育运动兴起提供直接的思想启蒙和理论指导的是（）A卢梭自然主义教育理论B凯兴斯泰纳的公民教育理论C夸美纽斯自然主义教育理论D裴斯泰洛奇要素教育理论【参考答案】A29．依据统觉原理，赫尔巴特提出教学科目设置和教学内容组织的两项基本原理是（）A相关与集中B平行与分配C均衡与差异D连续与顺序【参考答案】A30．20世纪30年代联共（布）中央颁布实施《关于小学和中学的决定》，确定该时期苏联教育发展的主要任务是（）A实施综合教学大纲B恢复班级授课制度C建立统一劳动学校制度D加强教学与生产劳动的联系【参考答案】B31．运用心理胚胎期和敏感期概念表述儿童发展过程阶段性特征的教育家是（）A福禄贝尔B赫尔巴特C第斯多惠D蒙台梭利【参考答案】D32．20世纪70年代美国教育改革的主题是（）A返回基础B普及科学C天才教育D大众教育【参考答案】A33．确立法国高等教育"自主自治、民主参与、多科性结构"办学原则的教育法案是（）A《大学令》B《帝国大学令》C《高等教育法》D《高等教育方向指导法》【参考答案】D34．在小莉眼里所有物体都有生命，她常常会对玩具、小草说话，根据皮亚杰认知发展理论，小莉处于（）A．感觉运动阶段B．前运算阶段C．具体运算阶段D．形式运算阶段【参考答案】B35．根据过度学习原则，如果一个学生经过4次复述刚好可记住某个英语单词，那么他学习该词最适宜的复述次数应该是（）A．5次B．6次C．7次D．8次【参考答案】B学术必胜习题库第七章36．有的学生愿意为他所喜欢的老师努力学习，而面对不喜欢的老师则不愿意努力学习。
同等学力研究生考试教育学试卷附详细答案
同等学力研究生考试教育学试卷附详细答案第一部分：选择题1. 抛物线函数 y = ax^2 + bx + c 中，a, b, c 分别为常数，并满足a ≠ 0。
若顶点坐标为（3，4），那么 a + b + c 的值是多少？解析：由于抛物线的顶点坐标为（3，4），代入抛物线函数可得：4 = a(3)^2 + b(3) + c即：9a + 3b + c = 4 （方程1）又因为顶点坐标在抛物线上，代入抛物线函数可得：0 = a(3)^2 + b(3) + c即：9a + 3b + c = 0 （方程2）将方程1减去方程2可得：9a + 3b + c - (9a + 3b + c) = 4 - 00 = 4显然，上述等式不成立。
因此，所给的顶点坐标（3，4）不满足抛物线函数的要求。
故该题无解。
2. "智能教育"是近几年研究的热点，以下哪种描述不属于"智能教育"的特点？A. 利用人工智能技术进行教学辅助B. 引入大数据分析，实现个性化教育C. 倡导学生通过互联网实时交流和合作学习D. 依据学生的智力等级划分班级进行差异化教育解析：选项 D 不属于"智能教育"的特点。
"智能教育"注重个性化教育，通过人工智能技术和大数据分析来实现学生个性化学习，而不是简单地依据学生的智力等级划分班级进行差异化教育。
答案：D3. 在学生评价教师教学质量方面，以下哪种方法具有普适性？A. 学生满意度调查B. 教师同行评议C. 学生成绩成长情况评估D. 教师自我评价解析：学生成绩成长情况评估具有普适性。
该方法通过评估学生在教学过程中的成绩成长情况，能够客观地反映教师的教学质量，不受学生主观因素的影响。
答案：C第二部分：填空题1. 教育学中的“归纳法”是指_________________。
解析：教育学中的“归纳法”是通过具体事例或实验观察，从个别事实中总结出一般规律或原理的一种推理方法。
同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》题库历年真题
同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》题库历年真题一、引言同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》是一项重要的教育类考试，旨在评估考生的教育学综合能力和知识水平。
通过该考试，考生可以获得硕士学位的资格。
为了帮助考生更好地准备这项考试，我们将重点介绍该考试题库中的历年真题，并进行分析和解读。
二、题库介绍该考试题库包含了历年真题，这些真题涵盖了教育学学科的各个领域，包括教育基本理论、教育心理学、教育统计学、教育研究方法等。
考生可以通过对这些真题的练习，全面了解考试的形式和难度，从而更好地应对考试。
三、历年真题分析以下是该考试题库中的部分历年真题：1、请简述教育基本概念的含义及其对教育实践的意义。
（2019年真题）这道题目考察的是考生对教育基本概念的理解和掌握程度。
考生需要清晰地解释教育基本概念的含义，并阐述其对教育实践的意义。
2、请分析学生的情感态度与价值观形成的关系，并阐述教师在学生情感态度与价值观培养中的作用。
（2018年真题）这道题目考察的是考生对情感态度与价值观关系的理解，以及教师在情感态度与价值观培养中的作用。
考生需要深入分析情感态度与价值观形成的关系，并阐述教师在这一过程中的作用。
3、请说明教育心理学中“学习动机”的概念及其对学习的影响。
（2017年真题）这道题目考察的是考生对教育心理学中“学习动机”概念的理解和学习动机对学习的影响。
考生需要清晰地解释学习动机的概念，并阐述其对学习的影响。
四、备考建议通过对历年真题的分析，我们可以发现该考试主要考察考生的教育学综合能力和知识水平。
因此，考生在备考过程中应该注重以下几点：1、全面复习：考生应该对教育学学科的各个领域进行全面的复习，掌握基本概念、理论和方法。
2、深入理解：考生应该深入理解教育学的各个领域，尤其是教育心理学、教育统计学和教育研究方法等领域。
3、注重实践：考生应该注重理论与实践的结合，深入理解教育实践中遇到的问题，并能够运用所学知识进行分析和解决。
2018年同等学历人员申请硕士学位英语真题及答案解析
2018年同等学历人员申请硕士学位英语真题及答案解析(1~3/共6题)Paper OnePart ⅠDialogue CommunicationSection ADirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.A. How about you?B. Wanna join us?C. It´s a long weekend.Tina: I´m so glad the weekend´s finally here.Lewis: Me too. Imagine!__1__We´ve got three days in a row.Tina: So, where´re you going?Lewis: I don´t have any plan yet. I´ll just play it by ear.__2__Tina: We´re going to go hiking and camping in the mountains.Lewis: That sounds exciting!Tina:__3__Lewis: Hmm, let me think about it. I´ll let you know later.第1题第2题第3题下一题(4~6/共6题)Paper OnePart ⅠDialogue CommunicationSection ADirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.A. And I´d like the cheapest flight available.B. What is your destination?C. And when will you be returning?Travel Agent: Freedom Travel. How can I help you?Caller: Yes, I´d like to make a flight reservation for the twenty-third of this month.Travel Agent: Okay.__4__Caller: Well. I´m flying to Helsinki, Finland.Travel Agent: Okay. Let me check what flights are available.__5__Caller: Uh, well, I´d like to catch a return flight on the twenty-ninth.__6__Travel Agent: Okay. Let me see. Um, that´s flight 1070 from Salt Lake City to New York, Kennedy Airport, transferring to flight 90 from Kennedy to Helsinki. It´s only $ 980.Caller: Alright, let´s go with that.第4题第5题第6题上一题下一题(7~10/共4题)Section BDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman, At the end of each conversation, there is a question followed by 4 choicesmarked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer to the question from 4 choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.A. I think the big difference is,B. What have you done to make this yours?C. how they look in the Oval Office.D. you don´t need so much heart.On Donald Trump´s 100th day as U. S. president, he spoke with "Face the Nation" host and Chief Washington Correspondent John Dickerson.Dickerson: What´s the difference between negotiating in Washington versus negotiating in business?Trump: Well,__7__for what we´re doing here, Washington, you really need heart, because you´re talking about a lot of people. Whereas business,__8__You want to make a good deal.Dickerson: Every president makes the Oval Office theirs.__9__Trump: Well, a lot of things. We had these incredible flags including the American flags. The Coast Guard flag over here. And I said, "Well, let´s see__10__So the flags were up. The picture of Thomas Jefferson I put up. The picture of Andrew Jackson I put up because they said his campaign and my campaign tended to mirror each other. So we did a lot of—actually we did a lot of work. It´s—it´s a much different—look than it was previously.第7题第8题第9题第10题上一题下一题(1/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第11题According to the minister, measures are being taken to introduce more diversity into the education system.A.differenceB.adversityC.unityD.variety上一题下一题(2/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第12题He would once in a while lose his temper when he found himself involved in an argument.A.rarelyB.oftenC.occasionallyD.seldom上一题下一题(3/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第13题Intuition is something that cannot be proven, but many people believe in it and use it for decision making.A.InstinctB.IntelligenceC.RationalityD.Experience上一题下一题(4/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第14题A global company must be sensitive to the cultures and customs of the countries where it operates.A.patientB.generousC.emotionalD.responsive上一题下一题(5/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第15题At last John Smith stepped down as the company´s CEO and returned to his roots in software research.A.retiredB.resignedC.revivedD.reacted上一题下一题(6/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第16题Immersed in their experiment, they had no idea what happened just outside their lab.A.ConcentratedB.AddictedC.Absorbedmitted上一题下一题(7/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第17题Last month the government initiated a public debate on the future direction of the sport policy.A.transmittedB.followedC.promotedunched上一题下一题(8/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第18题My beard started to grow, and I unwillingly complied with the order to shave it off.A.consideredB.questionedC.supportedD.observed上一题下一题(9/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第19题As the fighting intensified, the chances of any peace deal diminished.A.decreasedB.changedC.disappearedD.expanded上一题下一题(10/10)Part ⅡVocabularyDirections: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.第20题However superficially appealing such an idea might appear, it was irrational and reckless.A.possiblyB.seeminglyC.apparentlyD.practically上一题下一题(21~25/共20题)Part ⅢReading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Alice Paul Tapper was on a fourth-grade field trip last year when she noticed something that bothered her. The girls were standing in the back of the room, listening politely as the guide spoke. The boys crowded together in the front. They raised their hands to respond to questions, even if they didn´t know the answer.Alice, 10, often doesn´t raise her hand in class, even if she´s pretty sure she knows the answer. She´s nervous she´ll get it wrong and feel embarrassed. On that field trip, she figured a lot of other girls were probably keeping quiet, too.Alice told her mom what she saw. They talked about how girls are often told to be quiet and polite, while boys are encouraged to be bold and assertive. Alice and her morn talk about that kind of thing a lot. She wants boys and girls to have the same opportunities. "Girls are important, and their ideas are important," Alice says. "They should be heard."Alice´s mom is the leader of Alice´s Girl Scout troop, in Washington, D.C. She and Alice brought the issue up at their next Girl Scout meeting. Alice found she was right. The other girls said they, too, sometimes hesitated to raise their hands, and they worried that this could hold them back in life. Alice wanted to change that. "If a girl raises her hand, it´s one step toward becoming a great leader," she says.Alice´s troop decided to ask the Girl Scouts organization to create a new patch. The new patch was introduced in October 2017. It is called the Raise Your Hand patch. To earn it, a girl has to do three things. She must pledge to raise her hand in class when she thinks she knows the answer—even if she´s not 100% sure. She must recruit three girls to make the same pledge. And she must talk about how raising her hand makes her feel.So far, more than 5,400 girls have earned the Raise Your Hand patch. They live in every state in the U.S., plus Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Ireland. "Girls are powerful," Alice says. "They should raise their hands so they can release the power inside them."第21题What bothered Alice on her field trip last year?A.The guide was impolite to the girls.B.There were more boys than girls.C.The boys made trouble as the guide spoke.D.The girls were less responsive than the boys.第22题Girls often don´t raise their hands in class because they ______.A.don´t know the answer pretty wellB.don´t want to get too much attentionC.are taught to be quiet and politeD.are given fewer chances than boys第23题The Raise Your Hand patch was created to ______.A.encourage girls to speak upB.improve girls´ talent for organizationC.call for more support from girlsD.highlight the importance of girls第24题The Raise Your Hand patch ______.A.has helped girls become leadersB.is popular in some states in the U.S.C.is spreading all over the worldD.has attracted thousands of girls第25题Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.A Show of HandsB.A Campaign for EqualityC.The Girl Scouts OrganizationD.The Story of a New Patch上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Part ⅢReading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942 and grew up in St Albans, the eldest of four brothers and sisters. His father was a research biologist and his mother a medical research secretary, so it was not surprising that he was interested in science. As a student he was drawn to physics and maths as he believed they offered the most fundamental insights into the world. But nothing marked him out as special from his classmates or in his first term at Oxford University.Stephen got first in Physics from Oxford, and started a PhD at Cambridge. His own private universe expanded when he proposed to his future wife. Jane was also from St Albans, and was a modern languages undergraduate. She had met Hawking at a New Year´s party, before his diagnosis. The couple decided to marry quickly, because they did not know how long Stephen had to live. As Stephen´s health deteriorated, he took to walking with stick.Hawking escaped the limits of his disability by training his mind to work in a new way. As he started to lose the use of his limbs, he developed a way of visualizing problems in his mind to reach a solution instead of by writing equations. Some of his colleagues have suggested that this way of thinking has led to his greatest discoveries. Hawking was now working on one of science´s most bizarre ideas—black holes, an extreme prediction of Einstein´s general theory of relativity.Hawking´s work on black holes helped prove the idea of a "Big Bang" at the birth of the Universe. Developed in the 1940s, Big Bang theory was still not accepted by all scientists.Working with mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking realized that black holes were like the Big Bang in reverse—and that meant the maths he´d used to describe black holes also described the Big Bang. It was a key moment in showing the Big Bang really happened. As his body deteriorated, Hawking´s career was taking off.第26题Hawking developed an early interest in science because ______.A.his brothers and sisters loved itB.he took related lessons as a kidC.he excelled in maths and physicsD.his parents influenced him第27题What can be learned about Hawking´s wife Jane?A.She and Hawking came from the same place.B.She and Hawking went to the same school.C.She married Hawking on New Year´s Day.D.She didn´t know of his disease before their marriage.第28题Hawking´s self-trained way of working ______.A.helped the recovery of his healthB.required a lot of equation writingC.relied heavily on mental imagesD.was copied by his colleagues第29题The following statements about the Big Bang theory are true EXCEPT ______.A.Hawking was its founderB.it was connected with black holesC.Hawking´s research supported itD.not all scientists agreed with it第30题As a leading figure in science, Hawking ______.A.lived for fifty-five yearsB.wrote many best-selling novelsC.led some organizations for the disabledD.fought against his disease most of his life上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Part ⅢReading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Imagine that you´re a fly. You´re just looking for a place to rest, when you see a nice pink leaf. That looks like a nice place to land. As you rest your feet on the leaf, you notice something strange. This leaf is hairy. You begin to make your move, but you trigger the plant´s reaction. Snap! In one-tenth of a second, you are caught in the Venus flytrap. You will be digested in five totwelve days.Out of about 391,000 plant species in the world, only 600 or so are carnivorous. We call them this because they attract, trap, and eat bugs. Like other plants, they get energy from the sun. But unlike other plants, they get their nutrients from their prey (猎物). Carnivorous plants live in places where the soil lacks nutrients. Most plants get nutrients from the soil. Carnivorous plants have turned to other sources.Pitcher plants trick their prey into landing on them. They offer nectar (花蜜) bribes to the foolish insects that would take them. True to their name, pitcher plants have deep chambers. Their landing surface is slippery. They have inward pointing hairs, making it hard to escape. The fly lands on the pitcher plant to eat, but slips into a pit filled with digestive fluids.Corkscrew plants have inviting stems. Curved hairs line the inside of these stems. These hairs allow insects to go up the stems, but not back. Going forward leads to the plant´s stomach. Bugs who wander into the corkscrew plant find that they are unable to escape. They must march to their own death.And then there are the bladderworts. They live in water and float near the surface. Their traps are like small bladders (囊状物) hidden beneath the water. Only their flowers are visible from the surface. When bugs swim into the trigger hairs, the plant reacts. The bladder sucks up the prey and the water surrounding it. The prey will be digested within hours.第31题The word "carnivorous" (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to "______".A.nutritiousB.bug-eatingC.plant-eatingD.attractive第32题Which statement would the author most likely agree with?A.There are too many species of carnivorous plants.B.There are too few plant species in the world.C.Only a small number of plant species are carnivorous.D.The majority of plants are carnivorous.第33题Carnivorous plants get their nutrients mainly from ______.A.other plantsB.the soilC.the sunD.their prey第34题Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph?A.There are many studies of carnivorous plants.B.The pitcher plant tricks bugs into its stomach.C.The pitcher plant kills its prey in various ways.D.Some plants attract bugs by offering them nectar.第35题As can be inferred, the corkscrew´s chamber for digestion is located ______.A.somewhere towards its rootB.somewhere towards its topC.inside its flowersD.inside its leaves上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Part ⅢReading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Serenity(宁静) is difficult to find in today´s fast-paced world. A moment of complete calm seems to be a rare and wonderful find. For me, those precious moments occur on a boat. As legendary sailor Vito Dumas once said: "It´s out there at sea that you are really yourself." On deck, enjoying awe-inspiring views, the cares of everyday life blown away on the sea breeze, you can appreciate his point.Flying is a misery. From airport chaos to the confined space of an aircraft, nothing about commercial aviation appeals to my sense of adventure—or comfort. Favouring boat travel isn´t just about managing flight fear, though. Whether I´m on a short ferry crossing or a cruise, the sea provides a true sense of travel, from the impressive physical shift of a ship leaving port to its navigation of the open water. "We are tied to the ocean," John F. Kennedy said. As my ship steers towards an exciting new destination, I feel that affinity.And I´m not alone. "The journey is part of the holiday," says travel writer Helen Ochyra. "I´ll stand out on deck, whatever the weather, and watch the ropes being untied, the boat slipping away from the dock and the landscape drifting farther and farther away."Tom Bourlet, founder of the Spaghetti Traveller blog, agrees: "On a plane, it´s difficult to make out much more than grassland; on the ferry, there is something exciting about seeing land slowly getting closer."For Cathy Winston, travel editor, it´s about the sense of adventure. "Even on a fairly simple journey from A to B," she says, "wide wide, open sea makes it feel like you could be off to discover new lands. There´s a certain romance you don´t get on a plane or on a motorway." Winston also values the family-friendly aspects of sea travel. "There´s something so relaxing about being on the water, especially with kids," she says.Whether it´s for kid-happy convenience or sheer romance, boats will always be the preferred mode of transport for many travellers. A boat gets me where I want to go, avoiding the rush—and terror—of air travel. And out on the waves, as reality melts away, I always rediscover my own passion for the sea.第36题Which aspect of sea travel is emphasized in the first paragraph?A.Extraordinary view.plete freedom.C.Peace of mind.D.Sense of adventure.第37题The word "affinity" (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to "______".A.strong emotionB.close connectionC.sheer excitementD.impressive moment第38题Who is deeply impressed while watching the boat leaving the dock?A.Helen Ochyra.B.Vito Dumas.C.Cathy Winston.D.John F. Kennedy.第39题According to Tom Bourlet, sea travel is better than air travel in that it ______.A.enables people to engage in deeper thoughtB.gives passengers a better chance to relaxC.provides a more comfortable environmentD.offers a clearer view of the landscape第40题According to the last two paragraphs, sea travel has all the following benefits EXCEPT ______.A.being family-friendlyB.satisfying an adventurous heartC.promoting a healthy lifestyleD.providing relaxation上一题下一题(41~45/共5题)Section BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The biog and comments arc followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.At SXSW, the tech and culture conference in Austin, London Mayor Sadiq Khan criticized big tech companies and regulators for failing to stem the spread of hate, misinformation and radical viewpoints online.The mayor said that governments have been in "dereliction of duty" when it comes to passing regulations to combat the ways technology has negatively affected society. "One of the biggest problems over the last few years is that politicians and governments have just been passive—sitting on their hands—while the tech revolution has happened around them," Khan said in his remarks.Ultimately, he said, it´s up to governments to work with technology businesses and leaders to make sure that technological advancement has the proper checks.Social media firms are already under new regulatory pressure in Europe, thanks to German laws enacted in January that will fine companies that don´t take down problematic content within 24 hours of it being reported.Khan did not call for this type of regulation but warned that even stricter regulation could be on its way if companies don´t respond to government concerns. "Ultimately—there must be greater responsibility taken by some tech companies for the impact they´re having on the world."Looking at this from the point of view of "industry regulation" is simply flawed. At the core of this, it is individuals who are making choices to "post" each and every time. What our society seems to have lost is a sense of personal responsibility.Comment 2:It´s not exactly easy to implement laws that targets content online. The bigger issue is that law enforcement simply doesn´t have the resources to act on all these crimes happening on the Internet.Comment 3:I agree that technology has failed us in at least one very important way: Twitter, Facebook, et al, published and continues to publish untruths and fake "news", that some people assume are accurate. They must do something.Comment 4:The companies at issue promote the content being objected to. That is the content that drives their revenues and profits. So serf-regulation just never works without the threat of harsh regulation.Comment 5:Information and Communications Technology (ICT), through its evolution, has generally been perceived as beneficial, furthering progress and the common good. But, ICT has not had the foresight to see how the evolving industry can produce unintended consequences. It´s time for ICT to step up.第41题The word "dereliction" (Para. 2) probably means ______.A.deliberate neglectB.potential abuseC.constant misjudgmentD.apparent misunderstanding第42题What does Khan emphasize with his remarks in the last paragraph?A.Strict British regulation.B.German-style regulatory laws.ernment-industry cooperation.D.Self-regulation of the industry.第43题According to Comment 1, who is to blame for the spread of misinformation?A.Businesses.B.Individuals.ernment officials.D.Industry leaders.第44题Which of the comments favors strict government regulation?ment 2ment 3ment 4第45题Which comments agree with Khan on the role of tech companies?ments 1 and 4ments 2 and 3ments 4 and 5ments 3 and 5上一题下一题(46~55/共10题)Part ⅣClozeDirections: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Every day, they slowly accumulate. Plates covered in sauces and bread pieces. Bowls with a fine layer of who-knows-what. Forks, knives, and spoons all stuck with bits of this and that. At the end of a long day of work, cooking, cleaning, and, for many, negotiating with small children, a couple has to__46__the big question: Who is going to do the__47__?A recent report on family dynamics suggests that the answer to that question can have a significant impact__48__the health and long lasting of a relationship. The study examined a variety of different household tasks,__49__shopping, laundry and housecleaning, and found that, for women in families, it´s more important to__50__the responsibility of doing the dishes than any other task. Women who wash the vast majority of the dishes themselves report__51__relationship conflict and less relationship satisfaction than women with husbands__52__help. Women are happier about sharing dishwashing__53__than they are about sharing any other household task.What is it about dishes? Dan Carlson, assistant professor of family and consumer studies at the University of Utah, and the lead author of the study, offers his own observations: "Doing dishes is gross.__54__, unlike some other household tasks such as cooking or gardening, doing dishes well does not__55__praises."第46题A.makeB.askC.faceD.deal第47题A.cookingundryC.homeworkD.dishes第48题A.onB.forC.toD.at第49题A.requiringB.includingC.undertakinganizing第50题A.exchangeB.shoulderC.takeD.share第51题A.lessB.fewerC.furtherD.more第52题A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom第53题A.dutiesB.problemsC.questionsD.troubles第54题A.SeeminglyB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Finally第55题A.demandB.generateC.mentionD.provide上一题下一题(56~61/共20题)Part ⅤText Completion Directions: In this part there are three short texts. For each text, you should first fill in the blankin the choices A, B, C (and D) with the best answer provided in the rectangle. Then, complete the text itself by filling in each of the blanks with the completed A, or B, or C (or D ). Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. so plentifulB. showered withC. exchange ringsPhrases:。
2018年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷含答案和解析
2018年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷完成对话对话理解对话理解大题型1.However superficially appealing such an idea might appear, it was irrational and reckless.(B)A. possiblyB. seeminglyC. apparentlyD. practically解析：译文为：尽管从表面上看这样的想法可能会出现，但它是不理性的、鲁莽的。
possibly“可能地”；seemingly“表面上，似乎”；apparently“显然”；practically“几乎；实际地”。
superficially“表面地”，选项中只有seemingly意思接近，故选B。
2.As the fighting intensified, the chances of any peace deal diminished.(A)A. decreasedB. changedC. disappearedD. expanded解析：译文为：随着战斗的加剧，签署和平协议的可能性降低了。
decrease“减少”；change“改变”；disappear“消失”；expand“扩大，增加”。
diminish“减少，降低”，和decrease意思最接近，故选A。
3.My beard started to grow, and I unwillingly complied with the order to shave it off.(D)A. consideredB. questionedC. supportedD. observed解析：译文为：我开始长胡子了，我很不情愿地按照要求把它刮掉。
consider“考虑”；question“质疑”；support“支持”；observe“遵守”。
comply with意为“遵守”，与observe意思接近，故选D。
2018年同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》真题(精选)及详解【圣才出品】
2018年同等学力申硕《教育学学科综合水平考试》真题（精选）及详解考生须知：1．本试卷满分100分。
2．请考生务必将本人考号后两位数字填在本页右上角方框内。
3．第一题的答案一律用2B铅笔填涂在指定的答题卡上，写在试卷上或答题卡上的答案一律无效。
4．在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为在答案所代表的字母上划线，如。
5．第二至第四题一律用蓝色或黑色墨水笔在答题纸指定的位置上按照要求作答，未做在指定位置上的答案一律无效。
6．监考员收卷时，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字（作为考生交卷的凭据），否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。
一、单项选择题（每小题1.5分，共30分）说明：题目缺失。
二、名词解释（每小题3分，共12分）1．教师答：教师是在学校及其他教育机构中履行教育教学职责的专业人员。
俄国教育家乌申斯基说，教师是过去历史上所有崇高而伟大的人物跟新一代之间的中介人，是过去和未来之间的一个活的环节。
在教育过程中，教师处于教育者、领导者和组织者的地位，对教育内容、教育方法和教育过程的组织，对学生的学习、锻炼、身心发展等，都起主导作用。
教师的劳动具有强烈的示范性等特点。
现代社会要求教师具有较高的综合职业素养。
2．察举制度答：察举制是中国古代选拔官吏的一种制度，它的确立时间是汉武帝元光元年（公元前134年）。
察举制不同于以前先秦时期的世官制和从隋唐时建立的科举制，它的主要特征是地方长官在辖区内随时考察、选取人才并推荐给上级或中央，经过试用考核再任命官职。
3．观察学习答：观察学习是指人们仅仅通过观察他人（榜样）的行为及其结果就能学会某种复杂行为，又称替代学习，无尝试学习。
班杜拉认为，人的一切社会学行为都是在社会环境的影响下，通过对他人示范行为及其结果的观察学习而得以形成的。
不必直接做出行为，不依赖于直接强化，具有认知性，不等同于模仿，可提高学习效率。
4．教育科学的历史研究方法答：教育科学的历史研究方法是以历史研究法来研究教育科学，是通过搜集教育现象发生、发展和演变的历史事实，加以系统客观地分析研究，从而揭示教育规律的一种研究方法。
2018年同等学力申硕统考教育学真题及参考答案(部分)
2018年同等学力申硕统考教育学真题及答案（部分）一、名词解释1.教师2.察举制度3.观察学习4.教育科学的历史研究方法二、简答题1.教学评价的类型2.美国公立学校运动的产生以及特点3.动机在人的行为活动中的功能4.问卷调查的优点三、论述题1.论述学校教育的特点2.论述蔡元培的教育思想3.课题论证中需要回答的主要问题4.心理学原理李明有什么问题及以后的可能影响参考答案：一、名词解释1、教师：是在学校及其他教育机构中履行教育教学职责的专业人员。
俄国教育家乌申斯基说，教师是过去历史上所有崇高而伟大的人物跟新一代之间的中介人，是过去和未来之间的一个活的环节。
2、察举制度：察举制是中国古代选拔官吏的一种制度，它的确立时间是汉武帝元光元年(公元前134年)。
察举制不同于以前先秦时期的世官制和从隋唐时建立的科举制，它的主要特征是由地方长官在辖区内随时考察、选取人才并推荐给上级或中央，经过试用考核再任命官职。
3.观察学习是指人们仅仅通过观察他人(榜样)的行为及其结果就能学会某种复杂行为，又称替代学习、无尝试学习。
而班杜拉认为，即人的一切社会学行为都是在社会环境的影响下，通过对他人示范行为及其结果的观察学习而得以形成的。
不必直接做出行为，不依赖于直接强化，具有认知性，不等同于模仿，可提高学习效率。
4、教育科学的历史研究方法：以历史研究法来研究教育科学，是通过搜集教育现象发生、发展和演变的历史事实，加以系统客观地分析研究，从而揭示教育规律的一种研究方法。
运用科学的方法，探索教育领域的客观规律的认识过程。
二、简答题1、教学评价的类型答案：(1)根据评价在教学活动中的作用不同，可以分为诊断性评价、形成性评价总结性评价。
诊断性评价——是在学期开始或一个单元教学开始时，为了了解学生的学习准备状况及影响学习的因素而进行的评价。
形成性评价——是在教学过程中为了改进和完善教学活动而进行的对学生学习过程及结果的评价。
总结性评价——是在一个大的学习阶段、一个学期或者一门课程结束时对学生学习结果的评价，也称终结性评价。
教育学考研真题2018年统考311真题原文及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试教育学专业基础综合试题一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。
1.主张用“理解”和“解释”的立场与方法研究教育问题的教育学流派是A实验教育学B.文化教育学C.批判教育学D.元教育学2.某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重，担心会影响孩子创造性和批判反思能力的发展，决定在家亲自给孩子上课。
该事例说明学校教育具有A.正向显性功能B.负向显性功能C.正向隐性功能D.负向隐性功能3.对人力资本理论提出质疑，认为教育并不提高人的能力，只是用来区别不同人的能力的手段，这种观点属于A.冲突论B.文凭理论C.结构功能论D.劳动力市场理论4.教育工作需要循序渐进，主要依据的是儿童身心发展的A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性5.农耕时代的教育目的强调培养具有一定文化素养的统治者，工业时代兼顾脑力劳动者和体力劳动者的培养，信息时代则更加注重创新型人才的培养。
这说明教育目的在根本上受制于A.文化传统B.生产方式C.教育政策D.教育理论6.以下关于终身教育的说法不正确的是A.终身教育是现代社会民主化的要求B.终身教育的原则是连续性、整体性C.终身教育是基础教育、高等教育的延续D.终身教育将学校化教育转变为社会化教育7.泰勒原理由两条密切相关的基本原理组成，一条是课程编制原理，另一条是A.课程实施原理B.课程设计原理C.课程评价原理D.课程组织原理8.近代以来，人们设计出一些力图克服班级授课制局限性，同时保持其优越性的新型教学组织形式，主要有A.分层教学、个别教学、小队教学B.个别教学、小组合作学习、分层教学C.小组合作学习、小队教学、个别教学D.分层教学、小组合作学习、小队教学9.在“海因兹食药”的道德两难问题上，某儿童认为：“不管妻子过去对他好不好，他都要对妻子负责。
为救妻子去偷药，只不过做了丈夫该做的事。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学综合真题
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学综合真题(总分：330.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、单项选择题1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合试题要求。
(总题数：45，分数：90.00)1.主张用“理解”和“解释”的立场与方法研究教育问题的教育学流派是（分数：2.00）A.实验教育学B.文化教育学√C.批判教育学D.元教育学解析：实验教育学是19世纪末20世纪初兴起的用自然科学的实验法研究儿童发展和教育之间关系的理论，代表人物是梅伊曼和拉伊；文化教育学是19世纪末出现在德国的一种教育学说，代表人物是狄尔泰、斯普朗格和利特，主张教育要促使社会历史的客观文化向个体的主观文化转变，并将个体的主观世界引导向博大的客观文化世界，培养完整的人格，用理解和解释的方法研究教育问题；批判教育学是20世纪70年代后兴起的一种教学理论，在当前西方教育理论界占主导地位，研究教育中的不公平、不公正问题，带有较强的批判性，代表人物是鲍尔斯、金蒂斯和阿普尔；元教育学指对教育学这个学科的再研究。
答案选B项。
2.对人力资本理论提出质疑，认为教育并不提高人的能力，只是用来区别不同人的能力的手段，这种观点属于（分数：2.00）A.冲突论B.文凭理论√C.结构功能论D.劳动力市场理论解析：筛选假设理论，又称文凭理论，它承认教育与工资的正相关，指出这种正相关是通过筛选作用而实现的。
但认为教育只反映了个人的能力，并没有增加个人的能力。
故本题选B。
3.某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重，担心会影响孩子创造性和批判反思能力的发展,决定在家亲自给孩子上课。
该事例说明学校教育具有（分数：2.00）A.正向显性功能B.负向显性功能正向隐性功能C.D.负向隐性功能√解析：正向功能是有助于；负向功能是阻碍；显性功能是主观目标与客观结果相符的情况；隐性功能与显性功能相对，指这种结果既非事先筹划，亦未被觉察到。
4.教育工作需要循序渐进，主要依据的是儿童身心发展的（分数：2.00）A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性√解析：教育要适应儿童身心发展的顺序性，遵循量力性原则，循序渐进地促进儿童身心的发展；教育要适应儿童身心发展的阶段性，对不同年龄阶段的学生，在教育的内容和方法上应有所不同。
2018年同等学力英语考试真题及参考答案
2018年同等学力英语真题及答案一卷部分A.How about you?B.Wanna join us?C.It’s a long weekend.A.And I’d like the cheapest flight available.B.What is your destination?C.And when will you be returning?Tina:I’m so glad the weekend’s finally here.Lewis:Me too.Imagine!1c We’ve got three days in a row.Tina:So,where’re you going?Lewis:I don't have any plan yet.I’ll just play it by ear.2A .Tina:We’re going to go hiking and camping in the mountains.Lewis:That sounds exciting!Tina:3.BLewis:Hm,let me think about it.I’ll let you know later.Dialogue TwoPaper One(100minutes)Part I Oral Communication (10points)Section ADirections:In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A,B and C,taken from the dialogue.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.Dialogue OneA.I think the big difference is,B.What have you done to make this yours?C.how they look in the Oval Office.D.you don’t need so much heart.On Donald Trump’s 100th day as U.S.president ，he spoke with “Face the Nation”host and Chief Washington Correspondent John Dickerson.Dickerson:What’s the difference between negotiating in Washington versus negotiating in business?Trump:Well,7A for what we’re doing here,Washington,you really need heart,because you're talking about a lot of people.Whereas business,8D You want to make a good deal.Dickerson:Every president makes the Oval Office theirs.9B .Trump:Well,a lot of things.We had these incredible flags including the American flags.TheTravel Agent:Freedom Travel.How can I help you?Caller:Yes,I’d like to make a flight reservation for the twenty-third of this month.Travel Agent:Okay.4B .Caller:Well.I’m flying to Helsinki,Finland.Travel Agent:Okay.Let me check what flights are available.5C .Caller:Uh,well,I’d like to catch a return flight on the twenty-ninth.6A .Travel Agent:Okay.Let me see.Um,that’s flight 1070from Salt Lake City to New York,Kennedy Airport,transferring to flight 90from Kennedy to Helsinki.It’s only $980.Caller:Alright,let’s go with that.Section BDirections:In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A,B,C and D,taken from the interview.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.Coast Guard flag over here.And I said，“Well,let’s see10C So the flags were up.The picture of Thomas Jefferson I put up.The picture of Andrew Jackson I put up because they said his campaign and my campaign tended to mirror each other.So we did a lot of—actually we did a lot of work.It’s--it s a much different—look than it was previously.Part II Vocabulary(10points)Directions:In this part there are ten sentences,each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11.According to the minister,measures are being taken to introduce more diversity into the education system.答案：DA.differenceB.adversityC.unityD.variety12.He would once in a while lose his temper when he found himself involved in an argument.答案：CA.rarelyB.oftenC.occasionallyD.seldom13.Intuition is something that cannot be proven,but many people believe in it and use it for decision making.答案：AA.InstinctB.IntelligenceC.RationalityD.Experience14.Aglobal company must be sensitive to the cultures and customs of the countries where it operates.答案：DA.patientB.generousC.emotionalD.responsive15.At last John Smith stepped down as the company's CEO and returned to his roots in software research.答案：BA.retiredB.resignedC.revivedD.reacted16.Immersed in their experiment,they had no idea what happened just outside their lab.答案：CA.ConcentratedB.AddictedC.Absorbedmittedst month the government initiated a public debate on the future direction of the sport policy.答案：DA.transmittedB.followedC.promotedunched18.My beard started to grow,and I unwillingly complied with the order to shave it off.答案：DA.consideredB.questionedC.supportedD.observed19.As the fighting intensified,the chances of any peace deal diminished.答案：AA.decreasedB.changedC.disappearedD.expanded20.However superficially appealing such an idea might appear,it was irrational and reckless.答案：BA.possiblyB.seeminglyC.apparentlyD.practicallyPart III Reading Comprehension(25points)Section ADirections:In this section,there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneAlice Paul Tapper was on a fourth-grade field trip last year when she noticed something that bothered her.The girls were standing in the back of the room,listening politely as the guide spoke. The boys crowded together in the front.They raised their hands to respond to questions,even if they didn't know the answer.Alice,10,often doesn’t raise her hand in class,even if she’s pretty sure she knows the answer.She’s nervous she’ll get it wrong and fed embarrassed.On that field trip,she figured a lot of other girls were probably keeping quiet,too.Alice told her mom what she saw.They talked about how girls are often told to be quiet and polite,while boys are encouraged to be bold and assertive.Alice and her mom talk about that kind of thing a lot.She wants boys and girls to have the same opportunities.“Girls are important,and their ideas are important，”Alice says.“They should be heard.”Alice’s mom is the leader of Alice’s Girl Scout troop，in Washington,D.C.She and Alice brought the issue up at their next Girl Scout meeting.Alice found she was right.The other girls said they,too,sometimes hesitated to raise their hands,and they worried that this could hold them back in life.Alice wanted to change that.If a girl raises her hand,it’s one step toward becoming a great leader，”she says.Alice’s troop decided to ask the Girl Scouts organization to create a new patch.The new patch was introduced in October2017.It is called the Raise Your Hand patch.To earn it,a girl has to do three things.She must pledge to raise her hand in class when she thinks she knows the answer--even if she's not100%sure.She must recruit three girls to make the same pledge.And she must talk about how raising her hand makes her feel.So far,more than5,400girls have earned the Raise Your Hand patch.They live in every state in the U.S.,plus Canada,the United Kingdom,Australia,and Ireland.“Girls are powerful,”Alice says.“They should raise their hands so they can release the power inside them.”21.What bothered Alice on her field trip last year?答案：DA.The guide was impolite to the girls.B.There were more boys than girls.C.The boys made trouble as the guide spoke.D.The girls were less responsive than the boys.22.Girls often don't raise their hands in class because they______.答案：CA.don't know the answer pretty wellB.don't want to get too much attentionC.are taught to be quiet and politeD.are given fewer chances than boys23.The Raise Your Hand patch was created to______.答案：AA.encourage girls to speak upB.improve girls’talent for organizationC.call for more support from girlsD.highlight the importance of girls24.The Raise Your Hand patch_____.答案：DA.has helped girls become leadersB.is popular in some states in the U.S.C.is spreading all over the worldD.has attracted thousands of girls25.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?答案：BA.A Show of HandsB.A Campaign for EqualityC.The Girl Scouts OrganizationD.The Story of a New PatchPassage TwoStephen Having was born on8January.1942and grew up in St Albans，the eldest of four brothers and sisters.His father was a research biologist and his mother a medical research secretary,so it was not surprising that he was interested in science.As a student he was drawn to physics and maths as he believed they offered the most fundamental insights into the world.But nothing marked him out as special from his classmates or in his first terra at Oxford University.Stephen got first in Physics from Oxford,and started a PhD at Cambridge.His own private universe expanded when he proposed to his future wife.Jane was also from St Albans,and was amodem languages undergraduate.She had met Hawking at a New Year’s party,before his diagnosis.The couple decided to marry quickly,because they did not know how long Stephen bad to live.As Stephen’s health deteriorated,he took to walking with stick.Hacking escaped the limits of his disability by training his mind to work in a new way.As he started to lose the use of his limbs,he developed a way of visualizing problems in his mind to reach a solution instead of by writing equations.Some of his colleagues have suggested that this way of thinking has led to his greatest discoveries.Hawking was now working on one of science’s most bizarre ideas-black holes,an extreme prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity.Hawking’s work on black boles helped prove the idea of a“Big Bang”at the birth of the Universe.Developed in the1940s,Big Bang theory was still not accepted by all scientists. Working with mathematician Roger Penrose.Hawking realized that black holes were like the Big Bang in reverse—and that meant the maths he'd used to describe black boles also described the Dig Bang.It was a key moment in showing the Big Bang really happened.As his body deteriorated,Hawking’s career was taking off.26.Hawking developed an early interest in science because______.答案：DA.his brothers and sisters loved itB.he took related lessons as a kidC.he excelled in maths and physicsD.his parents influenced him27.What can be learned about Hawking's wife Jane?答案：AA.She and Hawking came from the same place.B.She and Hawking went to the same school.C.She married Hawking on New Year’s Day.D.She didn’t know of his disease before their marriage.28.Hawking’s self-trained way of working______.答案：CA.helped the recovery of his healthB.required a lot of equation writingC.relied heavily on mental imagesD.was copied by his colleagues29.The following statements about the Big Bang theory are true EXCEPT______.答案：AA.Hawking was its founderB.it was connected with black holesC.Hawking’s research supported itD.not all scientists agreed with it30.As a leading figure in science,Hawking_____.答案：DA.lived for fifty-five yearsB.wrote many best-selling novelsC.led some organizations for the disabledD.fought against his disease most of his lifePassage ThreeImagine that you’re a fly.You’re just looking for a place to rest,when you see a nice pink leaf.That looks like a nice place to land.As you rest your feet on the leaf,you notice something strange.This leaf is hairy.You begin to make your move,but you trigger the plant’s reaction.Snap! In one-tenth of a second,you are caught in the Venus fly trap.You will be digested in five to twelve days.Out of about391,000plant species in the world,only600or so are carnivorous.We call them this because they attract,trap,and eat bugs.Like other plants,they get energy from the sun.But unlike other plants,they get their nutrients from their prey(猎物）.Carnivorous plants live in places where the soil lacks nutrients.Most plants get nutrients from the soil.Carnivorous plants have turned to other sources.Pitcher plants trick their prey into landing on them.They offer nectar(花蜜）bribes to the foolish insects that would take them.True to their name,pitcher plants have deep chambers.Theirlanding surface is slippery.They have inward pointing hairs,making it hard to escape.The fly lands on the pitcher plant to eat but slips into a pit filled with digestive fluids.Corkscrew plants have inviting stems.Curved hairs line the inside of these stems.These hairs allow insects to go up the stems,but not back.Going forward leads to the plant's stomach.Bugs who wander into the corkscrew plant find that they are unable to escape.They must march to their own death.And then there are the bladderworts.They live in water and float near the surface.Their traps are like small bladders(囊状物)hidden beneath the water.Only their flowers are visible from the surface.When bugs swim into the trigger hairs,the plant reacts.The bladder sucks up the prey and the water surrounding it.The prey will be digested within hours.31.The word“carnivorous”（Para.2)is closest in meaning to“_____”.答案：BA.nutritiousB.bug-eatingC.plant-eatingD.attractive32.Which statement would the author most likely agree with?答案：CA.There are too many species of carnivorous plants.B.There are too few plant species in the world.C.Only a small number of plant species are carnivorous.D.The majority of plants are carnivorous.33.Carnivorous plants get their nutrients mainly from.答案：DA.Other plantsB.the soilC.the sunD.their prey34.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the third paragraph?答案：BA.There are many studies of carnivorous plants.B.The pitcher plant tricks bugs into its stomach.C.The pitcher plant kills its prey in various ways.D.Some plants attract bugs by offering them nectar.35.As can be inferred，the corkscrew’s chamber for digestion is located.答案：BA.somewhere towards its rootB.somewhere towards its topC.inside its flowersD.inside its leavesPassage FourSerenity(宁静）is difficult to find in today’s fast-paced world.A moment of complete calm seems to be a rare and wonderful find.For me,those precious moments occur on a boat.As legendary sailor Vito Dumas once said:“It’s out there at sea that you are really yourself.”On deck, enjoying awe-inspiring views,the cares of everyday life blown away on the sea breeze,you can appreciate his point.Flying is a misery.From airport chaos to the confined space of an aircraft,nothing about commercial aviation appeals to my sense of adventure—or comfort.Favouring boat travel isn't just about managing flight fear,though.Whether I’m on a short ferry crossing or a cruise,the sea provides a true sense of travel,from the impressive physical shift of a ship leaving port to its navigation of the open water.“We are tied to the ocean,”John F.Kennedy said.As my ship steers towards an exciting new destination,I feel that affinity.And I’m not alone.“The journey is part of the holiday,”says travel writer Helen Ochyra.I’ll stand out on deck,whatever the weather,and watch the ropes being untied,the boat slipping away from the dock and the landscape drifting farther and farther away.”Tom Bourlet，founder of the Spaghetti Traveller blog,agrees:“On a plane，it’s difficult tomake out much more than grassland;on the ferry,there is something exciting about seeing land slowly getting closer.”For Cathy Winston,travel editor,is about the sense of adventure.“Even on a fairly simple journey from A to B,she says,“wide wide,open sea makes it feel like you could be off to discover new lands.There’s a certain romance you don’t get on a plane or on a motorway.”Winston also values the family-friendly aspects of sea travel.“There's something so relaxing about being on the water,especially with kids,”she says.Whether it’s for kid-happy convenience or sheer romance,boats will always be the preferred mode of transport for many travellers.A boat gets me where I want to go,avoiding the rush—and terror—of air travel.And out on the waves,as reality melts away,I always rediscover my own passion for the sea.36.Which aspect of sea travel is emphasized in the first paragraph?答案：CA.Extraordinary view.plete freedom.C.Peace of mind.D.Sense of adventure.37.The word“affinity”（Para.2)is closest in meaning to“答案：BA.strong emotionB.close connectionC.sheer excitementD.impressive moment38.Who is deeply impressed while watching the boat leaving the dock?答案：AA.Helen Ochyra.B.Vito Dumas.C.Cathy Winston.D.John F.Kennedy.39.According to Tom Bourlet,sea travel is better than air travel in that it答案：DA.enables people to engage in deeper thoughtB.gives passengers a better chance to relaxC.provides a more comfortable environmentD.offers a clearer view of the landscape40.According to the last two paragraphs,sea travel has all the following benefits EXCEPT.答案：CA.being family-friendlyB.satisfying an adventurous heartC.promoting a healthy lifestyleD.providing relaxationSection BDirections:In this section,you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it.The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answer A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.At SXSW,the tech and culture conference in Austin,London Mayor Sadiq Khan criticized big tech companies and regulators for failing to stem the spread of hate,misinformation and radical viewpoints online.The mayor said that governments have been in“dereliction of duty”when it comes to passing regulations to combat the ways technology has negatively affected society.“One of the biggest problems over the last few years is that politicians and governments have just been passive—sitting on their hands—while the tech revolution has happened around them,”Khan said in his remarks.Ultimately,he said,it’s up to governments to work with technology businesses and leaders to make sure that technological advancement has the proper checks.Social media firms are already under new regulatory pressure in Europe,thanks to Germanlaws enacted in January that will fine companies that don't take down problematic content within 24hours of it being reported.Khan did not call for this type of regulation but warned that even stricter regulation could be on its way if companies don't respond to government concerns.“Ultimately—there must be greater responsibility taken by some tech companies for the impact they’re having on the world.”Comment1:Looking at this from the point of view of“industry regulation”is simply flawed.At the core of this,it is individuals who are making choices to“post”each and every time.What our society seems to have lost is a sense of personal responsibility.Comment2:It’s not exactly easy to implement laws that targets content online.The bigger issue is that law enforcement simply doesn’t have the resources to act on all these crimes happening on the Internet.Comment3：1agree that technology has failed us in at least one very important way:Twitter,Facebook,et al,published and continues to publish untruths and fake“news”,that some people assume are accurate.They must do something.Comment4:The companies at issue promote the content being objected to.That is the content that drives their revenues and profits.So self-regulation just never works without the threat of harsh regulation.Comment5:Information and Communications Technology(ICT),through its evolution,has generally been perceived as beneficial,furthering progress and the common good.But,ICT has not had the foresight to see how the evolving industry can produce unintended consequences.It’s time for ICT to step up.41.The word“dereliction”（Para.2)probably means“__________”.答案：AA.deliberate neglectB.potential abuseC.constant misjudgmentD.apparent misunderstanding42.What does Khan emphasize with his remarks in the last paragraph?答案：DA.Strict British regulation.B.German-style regulatory laws.ernment-industry cooperation.D.Self-regulation of the industry.43.According to Comment1,who is to blame for the spread of misinformation?答案：BA.Businesses.B.Individuals.ernment officials.D.Industry leaders.44.Which of the comments favors strict government regulation?答案：Cment2.ment3.ment4.ment5.45.Which comments agree with Khan on the role of tech companies?答案：Dments1and4.ments2and3.ments4and5.ments3and5.Part IV Cloze(10points)Directions:In this part,there is a passage with ten blanks.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Every day,they slowly accumulate.Plates covered in sauces and bread pieces.Bowls with a fine layer of who-knows-what.Forks,knives,and spoons all stuck with bits of this and that.At the end of a long day of work,cooking,cleaning,and,for many,negotiating with small children,acouple has to46C the big question:Who is going to do the47D?A recent report on family dynamics suggests that the answer to that question can have asignificant impact48A the health and long lasting of a relationship.The study examined a variety of different household tasks,49B shopping,laundry and housecleaning,and found that,for women in families,it’s more important to50D the responsibility of doing the dishes than any other task.Women who wash the vast majority of the dishes themselves report51D relationship conflict and less relationship satisfaction than women with husbands5 2B help.Women are happier about sharing dishwashing53A than they are about sharing any other household task.What is it about dishes?Dan Carlson,assistant professor of family and consumer studies at the University of Utah,and the lead author of the study,offers his own observations:“Doing dishes is gross.54C,unlike some other household tasks such as cooking or gardening,doing dishes well does not55B praises.”46.A.make B.ask C.face D.deal47.A.cooking undry C.homework D.dishes48.A.on B.for C.to D.at49.A.requiring B.including C.undertaking anizing50.A.exchange B.shoulder C.take D.share51.A.less B.fewer C.further D.more52.A.which B.who C.what D.whom53.A.duties B.problems C.questions D.troubles54.A.Seemingly B.However C.Besides D.Finally55.A.demand B.generate C.mention D.providePhrases:A.the bride and groom often56CB.where the food is57AC.the couple is often58B handfuls of uncooked ricePhrases:A.whoB.onlyC.the way A.so plentiful B.showered with C.exchange ringsPart V Text Completion(20points)Directions:In this part,there are three incomplete texts with20questions(Ranging from56to75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed.First,use the choicesprovided in the box to complete the phrases.Second,use the completed phrases to fill in theblanks of the text.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text OneWedding ceremonies in the United States vary as much as the people do.But many weddings,no matter where or how they are performed,include certain traditional customs.For instance,5 9A at the ceremony.The rings are usually worn on the fourth finger of the left hand,and are exchanged in the middle of the ceremony.After the ceremony,60C by friends and family.Rice,as we know,shows productivity and harvest.And then,there is often a party,61B that it almost takes the attention away from the peopleText TwoA.That number62B increasesB.they change63C their brains workC.children64A use too much technologyMore than a third of children under the age of two use mobile media.65A as children age,with95%of teens12-17spending time online.The time spent with technology doesn't just give kids novel ways of doing things;it can lead to distraction and decreased memory.For example,while video games may condition the brain to pay attention to multiple stimuli66B.Children who always use search engines may become very good at finding information—but not very good at remembering it.In addition,67C may not have enough opportunities to use their imagination or to read and think deeply about the material.Text ThreeA.temperatureB.specialC.thinkD.otherPhrases:A.have created a68B techniqueB.69C of eating the peelC.at a freezing cold70AD.similar to71D countriesIt almost seems too hard to believe,but there is now a banana that has an eatable peel.Most people would never72B of a banana.However,banana farmers in Japan73A for growing bananas with a peel we can eat.Farmers in Okayama,in the west of Japan,keep their banana trees74C of-60°C.The farmers then replant the trees in27℃temperatures.The huge change in temperature makes the tree suddenly grow too quickly for the peel to fully mature. This makes the skin thin,soft and sweet enough to eat.Bananas are the most popular fruit in Japan. 75D,Japan imports most of its bananas.About99%of bananas in Japanese stores areimported.The new technique could mean Japanese people eat more home-grown bananas.二卷部分Paper Two(50minutesPart VI Translation(10pointsDirections:Translate the following passage into Chinese.Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.It’s harder and harder to find peace and,especially,quiet.Even in the most remote parts of Alaska the sound of a jet crossing overhead is all too common.Scientists set off across the U.S.to study the audio ecology.They recorded more than a million hours of sound from various sources. They found that noise pollution is not good for people and it’s even worse for animals with more sensitive ears.And the problem is not confined to land but echoes across the seas as well,where human-produced noise interferes with the live of various ocean dwellers.These days on Earth it’s rare to hear“silence”.参考译文：寻求安宁越来越难，想要安静更难。
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2018年同等学力申硕统考教育学真题及答案
（部分）
一、名词解释
1.教师
2.察举制度
3.观察学习
4.教育科学的历史研究方法
二、简答题
1.教学评价的类型
2.美国公立学校运动的产生以及特点
3.动机在人的行为活动中的功能
4.问卷调查的优点
三、论述题
1.论述学校教育的特点
2.论述蔡元培的教育思想
3.课题论证中需要回答的主要问题
4.心理学原理李明有什么问题及以后的可能影响
参考答案：
一、名词解释
1、教师：是在学校及其他教育机构中履行教育教学职责的专业人员。
俄国教育家乌申斯基说，教师是过去历史上所有崇高而伟大的人物跟新一代之间的中介人，是过去和未来之间的一个活的环节。
2、察举制度：察举制是中国古代选拔官吏的一种制度，它的确立时间是汉武帝元光元年(公元前134年)。
察举制不同于以前先秦时期的世官制和从隋唐时建立的科举制，它的主要特征是由地方长官在辖区内随时考察、选取人才并推荐给上级或中央，经过试用考核再任命官职。
3.观察学习是指人们仅仅通过观察他人(榜样)的行为及其结果就能学会某种复杂行为，又称替代学习、无尝试学习。
而班杜拉认为，即人的一切社会学行为都是在社会环境的影响下，通过对他人示范行为及其结果的观察学习而得以形成的。
不必直接做出行为，不依赖于直接强化，具有认知性，不等同于模仿，可提高学习效率。
4、教育科学的历史研究方法：以历史研究法来研究教育科学，是通过搜集教育现象发生、发展和演变的历史事实，加以系统客观地分析研究，从而揭示教育规律的一种研究方法。
运用科学的方法，探索教育领域的客观规律的认识过程。
二、简答题
1、教学评价的类型
答案：(1)根据评价在教学活动中的作用不同，可以分为诊断性评价、形成性评价总结性评价。
诊断性评价——是在学期开始或一个单元教学开始时，为了了解学生的学习准备状况及影响学习的因素而进行的评价。
形成性评价——是在教学过程中为了改进和完善教学活动而进行的对学生学习过程及结果的评价。
总结性评价——是在一个大的学习阶段、一个学期或者一门课程结束时对学生学习结果的评价，也称终结性评价。
(2)根据评价所应用的方法和标准的不同，可以分为相对性评价和绝对性评价。
相对性评价——又称常模参照性评价，是运用常模参照性测验对学生的学习成绩进行的评价，它主要根据学生的学习成绩在该班学生成绩序列或常模中所处的位置来评价和决定他的成绩优劣，而不考虑他是否达到教学目标的要求。
绝对性评价——又称目标参照性评价，是运用目标参照性测验对学生的学习成绩进行的评价，它主要依据教学目标和教材编制试题来测量学生的学业成绩，判断学生是否达到了教学目标的要求，而不以评定学生之间的差异为目的。
2.美国公立学校运动的产生以及特点
答案：1814年以后，美国资本主义工业迅速发展，自1820年起，美国又实行了关税保护政策、随着轮船的输入、铁路的铺设和运河的开凿，美国这个后起的资本主义国家的工商业以惊人的速度发展起来。
在此基础上，美国的政治形势和阶级关系也有很大变化，工商业资产阶级的实力雄厚起来，他们积极开展资产阶级的民主主义运动，要求选出资产阶级新政府来代替原有的贵族统治性质的政府;工人阶级壮大以后，为争取教育权也进行积极斗争。
所有这些都在客观上要求重视教育，以培养新型劳动力并使之能够参与社会政治生活。
19世纪30年代，美国掀起了一次重要的普及义务教育运动，即公立学校运动。
公立学校运动主要指依靠公共税收维持、由公共教育机关管理、面向所有公众的免费的义务教育运动。
3、动机在人的行为活动中的功能
答案：动机在人的行为活动中有三大功能：激发功能，动机能激发个体产生某种行为，对行为起着始动作用。
指向功能，动机能使个体的行为指向某一目标，对行为起着导向作用。
维持功能，动机能使个体的行为维持一段时间，对行为起着续动作用。
4、问卷调查的优点问卷调查法的优点
答案：一是时间灵活，效率高。
问卷可以当场发给被调查者，也可以通过邮寄或者网络实现对远距离的多方面的调查对象进行调查，既能获得大量信息，又能节省时间和经费。
二是取样不受限制。
与观察、访谈等方法相比，问卷法样本大小不受限制，完全可以根据抽样的科学要求和实际情况，确定调查样本的容量，可以选取大样本，也可以选取典型样本。
三是调查者和被调查者无须面对面接触，具有一定的回避效果。
问卷调查一般不署名，被试回答没有更多的心理负担，容易获得被试的支持，易使结论比较客观。
三、论述题
1.论述学校教育的特点
答案：学校教育是教育者根据一定社会的要求和个体身心发展的规律，有目的、有计划、有组织地对受教育者身心施加影响，把他们培养成为一定社会服务的人的活动。
与家庭教育和社区教育相比，学校教育有其自己的特点，这些特点主要表现在以下几个方面：
(1)学校教育职能的专门性;学校教育有特定的内涵，是在严格的规章制度的制约下进行的，有比较完备的组织机构和专职教育者。
(2)学校教育作用的主导性;学校教育作用的主导性，是相对遗传素质和后天环境在人身心发展中的作用而言的。
(3)学校教育组织的严密性;为了完成培养人的目的，学校建立了严密的组织系统，既包括校务会议、行政会议、教导处、总务处、教研组、年级组等行政组织机构，又包括党的基层组织、共青团、少先队等非行政性组织机构。
(4)学校教育内容的全面性;教育内容是学校基于一定社会的生产力和科学文化技术发展水平，向学生传授的知识和技能、灌输的思想和观点、培养的习惯和行为的总和。
教育内容在学校中的具体表现形式是课程计划、教学大纲和教科书。
(5)学校教育活动的有效性;学校的一切活动都是从培养造就人才出发，为培养人才服务的。
(6)学校教育形式的稳定性。
2.论述蔡元培的教育思想
答案：蔡元培，中华民国首任教育总长，辛亥革命时期教育家的杰出代表。
他的教育思想和理论，为我国近代资产阶级教育的发展，奠定了理论基础，为近代中国教育开辟了一个新的时代。
其教育思想主要体现在：
(1)、论“五育”并举的教育方针：1912年，蔡元培发表《对于教育方针之意见》，提出了军国民教育、实利主义教育、公民道德教育、世界观教育和美感教育五育并举的教育方针。
关于普通教育的宗旨，他定为：养成健全的人格，发展共和的精神。
认为健全的人格必须德、智、体、美和谐发展。
(2)、以“思想自由原则”、“兼容并包主义”为改革方针，对北京大学进行全面改革。
(3)、认为教育应当独立，提出教育独立于政党与教会之外的主张。
(4)、倡导“尚自然”、“展个性”，反对注入式教学，提倡发挥儿童个性。
3.课题论证中需要回答撰写课题设计论证需包含：
答案：选题依据：国内外相关研究的学术史梳理及研究动态;本课题相对已有研究的独到学术价值和应用价值等。
研究内容：本课题的研究对象、总体框架、重点难点、主要目标等。
思路方法：本课题研究的基本思路、具体研究方法、研究计划及其可行性等。
创新之处：在学术思想、学术观点、研究方法等方面的特色和创新。
预期成果：成果形式、使用去向及预期社会效益等。
参考文献：开展本课题研究的主要中外参考文献的主要问题
4.心理学原理李明有什么问题及以后的可能影响。