北京理工大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中试题
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三语文期中考试试题及答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三语文期中考试试题及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
①综观人类的文明史，实际上就是人类不断抗击灾难的历史。
不同的灾难对人类文明的意义也不一样。
作为一种精神生产方式，文艺也在对灾难的表现中不断为人类和社会的进步贡献力量。
优秀的灾难文艺总是能超越局部灾难的表现，接通人类有关灾难的思想传统，不断攀升精神与审美的高度。
所以，如何真实地描绘灾难，刻画灾害中的人物，挖掘特殊情境中人性的复杂性，并进而对灾害进行反思，从而丰富人类的精神世界，更理性地面对自然和人类自身，是文艺家们应该长久探索的问题。
可以想见，此次新型冠状病毒肺炎灾害将长久地留在中国和世界人民的记忆中，对它的书写也将继续下去。
②如果对世界文艺史上优秀的灾难文艺进行考察，它们大概体现出如下的特点，可以作为此次抗疫文艺创作的参照。
③首先是强烈的现场意识。
现场感最能体现出文艺在灾难面前的人类担当意识。
在富于现场感的灾难文艺作品中，灾难仿佛就发生在自己的身边，它们以逼真的方式将灾难告诉世界，为人们的记忆提供了完整的灾难地理坐标，复现出真实的灾难场景，特定的事件、人物、气氛如在眼前，从而给人以身临其境的强烈震撼。
当然，这一切要经过精心的选择、剪裁，力求将有代表性的、具有典型意义的人物与事件呈现出来，从而构成完整的灾难叙事。
优秀的灾难文艺总是能提供令人难忘的人物与故事，尤其是那些堪称中流砥柱的英雄，他们可能本身就是杰出人物，但也可能是平头百姓。
许多作品都将镜头对准了“草根”阶层，普通的、来自各行各业的平头百姓，在日常生活中平凡得让人无法记得住他们的面孔，但当灾难来临时，却迸发出令人难以置信的力量和智慧。
人民创造历史，正是他们在灾难中的人生轨迹、性格命运，灾难中的生存与死亡、希望与绝望，彰显出人类社会发展生生不息的力量。
④其次是自觉的超越意识，在发现与反思中建构人文精神。
2025届北京理工大学附属中学分校化学高一上期中预测试题含解析
2025届北京理工大学附属中学分校化学高一上期中预测试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。
一、选择题（每题只有一个选项符合题意）1、下列变化需要加入还原剂才能实现的是A．Cl-→C12B．HCO3- →C032-C．Mn04- →Mn2+D．Zn→Zn2+2、已知原子序数，可以推断原子的（）①质子数②中子数③质量数④核电荷数⑤核外电子数⑥原子结构示意图⑦元素在周期表中的位置A．①②③④⑥B．①④⑤⑥⑦C．②③④⑤⑦D．③④⑤⑥⑦3、在0.2L由NaCl、MgCl2、BaCl2组成的混合溶液中，部分离子浓度大小如图所示，对于该溶液成分。
下列说法不正确的是( )A．NaCl的物质的量为0.2molB．溶质MgCl2的质量为9gC．该混合液中BaCl2的物质的量为0.1molD．将该混合液加水稀释至体积为1L,稀释后溶液中Ba2+的物质的量浓度为0.1mol/L4、1993年8月，国际原子量委员会确认我国张青莲教授测定的锑的相对原子质量（121.760）为标准原子量，已知锑有两种以上天然同位素，则121.760是（）A．锑元素的质量与12C原子质量1／12的比值B．一个锑原子的质量与12C原子质量1／12的比值C．按各种锑的天然同位素的相对原子质量与这些同位素所占的一定百分比计算出的平均值D．按各种锑的天然同位素质量数与这些同位素所占的一定百分比计算出的平均值5、N A表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法正确的是A．1 mol任何气体的体积都约是22.4 LB．18 g NH4+含有电子数为10N AC．N A个H2SO4分子的质量等于H3PO4的摩尔质量D．标准状况下，相同体积的O2、HCl、H2O含有的分子数相同6、把镁粉中混有的少量铝粉除去,应选用的试剂是A．稀盐酸B．烧碱溶液C．硫酸铝溶液D．硫酸镁溶液7、亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)具有致癌作用，许多腌制食品中含NaNO2。
北京理工大学附属中学分校2024届物理高一第一学期期中统考试题含解析
北京理工大学附属中学分校2024届物理高一第一学期期中统考试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。
一、选择题：（1-6题为单选题7-12为多选，每题4分，漏选得2分，错选和不选得零分）1、下列情况中的物体，能看作质点的是：A．研究卫星绕地球运行规律时的卫星B．研究做花样滑冰动作时的运动员C．研究地球自转规律时的地球D．研究通过一座铁路桥时间时的火车2、关于加速度，下述说法中错误的是A．加速度描述了物体速度变化快慢B．加速度的方向与速度的方向可能相同，也可能相反C．加速度很大时物体速度可能很小D．加速度大的物体速度变化一定很大3、两个大小一定的共点力，合力最大值为，合力最小值为，则两个力相互垂直时合力大小为：A．B．C．D．4、质量m=1kg的物体做直线运动的速度—时间图象如图所示,根据图象可知，下列说法中正确的是A．物体在0-8s内的平均速度方向与1s末的速度方向相同B．物体在0-2s内的速度变化比2-4s内的速度变化快C．物体在2-4s内合外力做的功为零D．物体在2s末速度方向发生改变5、如图所示，A、B两个物块的重力分别是G A=3N，G B=4N，弹簧的重力不计，整个装置沿竖直方向处于静止状态，这时弹簧的弹力大小为2 N，则天花板受到的拉力和地板受到的压力有可能是()A．5 N和2 N B．5 N和6 NC．1 N和2 N D．3 N和4 N6、物体从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，第2s初与第4 s末的速度之比为（）A．2：4 B．1：3 C．2：3 D．1：47、如图所示，质量为m的物体在与斜面平行向上的拉力F作用下，沿着水平地面上质量为M的粗糙斜面匀速上滑，在此过程中斜面保持静止，则地面对斜面（）A．无摩擦力B．支持力等于（m＋M）gC．支持力为（M＋m）g－FsinθD．有水平向左的摩擦力，大小为Fcosθ8、如图所示，物体A、B、C均处于静止状态，各接触面与水平地面平行。
北京市理工大学附属中学分校2020_2021学年高一数学上学期期中试题含解析
8.下列函数中，定义域为 且区间 上单调递减的是（）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
求出各选项中函数的定义域，并判断出各选项中函数在区间 上的单调性，由此可得出合适的选项.
【详解】对于A选项，函数 的定义域为 ，且该函数在区间 上单调递减；
17.已知函数 ．
（1）若 ，求不等式 的解集；
（2）若不等式 的解集为 ，某某数 的取值X围．
【答案】（1） ；
（2） ；
【解析】
【分析】
（1）当a＝﹣4时，代入不等式f（x）≤0，可得：（x﹣1）（x﹣3）≤0，解出即可得出．
（2）由题意可得一元二次方程f（x）＝0无实数根，因此△＜0，解出即可得出．
故选：C
2.已知命题 ， ；则 是（）
A. ， B. ，
C. ， D. ，
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
利用全称命题的否定可得出 .
【详解】命题 为全称命题，它的否定为 ， .
故选：C.
3.已知函数 ，则 （）
A. 5B.4C. 3D. 2
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
根据分段函数的解析式，代入计算，即可求解.
【详解】（1）当 ，不等式为 ．
∵方程 有两个实数根 ， ．
∴不等式 的解集为 ．
（2）∵ 解集为R，
∴方程 无实根，
∴ ．
∴实数 的取值X围是 ．
【点睛】本题考查了“三个二次”之间的关系、一元二次不等式的解法，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．
18.经过长期观测得到：在交通不繁忙 时段内，四通桥路段汽车的车流量 （千辆/小时）与汽车的平均速度 （千米/小时）之间的函数关系为： .
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三语文上学期期中试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三语文上学期期中试题及参考答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
人生的四种境界张世英按照人的自我发展历程、实现人生价值和精神自由的高低程度，人生境界可分为四个层次，即欲求境界、求知境界、道德境界和审美境界。
最低境界为“欲求境界”。
人生之初，在这种境界中只知道满足个人生存所必需的最低欲望，故以“欲求”称之。
当人有了自我意识以后，生活于越来越高级的境界时，此种最低境界仍潜存于人生之中。
现实中，也许没有一个成人的精神境界会低级到唯有“食色”的欲求境界，而丝毫没有一点高级境界。
以欲求境界占人生主导地位的人是境界低下而“趣味低级”的人。
第二种境界为“求知境界”。
在这一境界，自我作为主体，有了进一步作为认知客体之物的规律和秩序的要求。
有了知识，掌握了规律，人的精神自由程度、人生的意义和价值就大大提升了一步。
所以，求知境界不仅从心理学和自我发展的时间进程来看在欲求境界之后，而且从哲学与人生价值、自由之实现的角度来看，也显然比欲求境界高一个层次。
第三种境界为“道德境界”。
他和求知境界的出现几乎是同时发生，也许稍后。
就此而言，把道德境界列在求知境界之后，只具有相对的意义。
但从现实人生意义与价值的角度和实现精神自由的角度而言，则道德境界之高于求知境界，是不待言的。
发展到这一水平的“自我”具有了责任感和义务感，这也意味着他有了自我选择、自我决定的能力，把自己看作是命运的主人，而不是听凭命运摆布的小卒。
但个人的道德意识也有一个由浅入深的发展过程：当独立的个体性自我尚未从所属群体的“我们”中显现出来之时，其道德意识从“我们”出发，推及“我们”之外的他人。
人生的最高精神境界是“审美境界”。
这是因为此时审美意识超越了求知境界的认识关系，它把对象融入自我之中，而达到情景交融的意境；审美意识也超越了求知境界和道德境界中的实践关系。
这样，审美境界即超越了认识的限制，也超越了功用、欲念和外在目的以及“应该”的限制，而成为超然于现实之外的自由境界。
北京北京理工大学附属中学高一 物理上册第一学期期中考试题
北京北京理工大学附属中学高一 物理上册第一学期期中考试题 一、选择题 1．一辆汽车由静止开始做匀变速直线运动，从开始运动到驶过第一个100m 时，速度增加了10m/s ，汽车驶过第二个100m 时，速度的增加量是（ ）A ．10m/sB ．8.2m/sC ．4.1m/sD ．20m/s2．关于速度和加速度的关系，下列说法正确的是( )A ．加速度减小时速度一定减小B ．加速度为零时，速度也为零C ．加速度很小时，速度可以很大D ．速度变化越大，加速度就越大3．如图所示，质量为m 的等边三棱柱静止在水平放置的斜面上．已知三棱柱与斜面间的动摩擦因数为μ，斜面的倾角为30°，则斜面对三棱柱的支持力与摩擦力的大小分别为（ ）A ．32mg 和32mg μ B ．12mg 和32mg C ．12mg 和12mg μ D ．3mg 和12mg 4．如图所示，用水平力去推静止在水平地面上的大木箱， 没有推动。
关于木箱受到的推力和摩擦力，下列说法正确的是A ．推力和摩擦力大小相等B ．推力小于摩擦力C ．推力和摩擦力方向相同D ．推力大于摩擦力5．做匀减速直线运动的质点，它的位移随时间变化的规律是224 1.5(m)x t t =-，当质点的速度为零，则t 为多少：（ ）A ．1.5 sB ．8 sC ．16 sD ．24 s6．马拉车在水平路面上由静止开始前进，在以后的运动过程中，下面的哪些说法是正确的 A ．马拉车的力先产生，车拉马的力后产生B ．马能拉动车是因为马拉车的力大于车拉马的力C ．匀速前进时，马向前拉车的力等于车向后拉马的力，加速前进时，马向前拉车的力也等于车向后拉马的力D ．马拉车的力和车拉马的力大小相等，方向相反，在同直线上，是一对平衡力7．从离地面3m 高处竖直向上抛出一个小球，它上升5m 后回落，最后到达地面，在此过程中（ ）A．小球通过的路程是8m B．小球的位移大小是3mC．小球的位移大小是13m D．小球的位移方向是竖直向上8．下列各组物理量中，不都是矢量的是（）A．位移、重力B．路程、弹力C．加速度、速度的变化量、速度D．摩擦力、加速度9．如图所示，在水平力F的作用下，木块A、B保持静止．若木块A与B的接触面是水平的，且F≠0．则关于木块B的受力个数可能是（）A．3个或4个B．3个或5个C．4个或5个D．4个或6个10．校运会400 m比赛，终点在同一直线上，但不同赛道起点不在同一直线上(如图所示)．关于该比赛，下列说法正确的是( )A．某同学的比赛成绩1分08秒指的是时刻B．这样做目的是使各选手路程相同，且平均速率最大的同学将会赢得比赛C．这样做目的是使各选手位移大小相同，且平均速度最大的同学将会赢得比赛D．这种做法其实是不公平的，明显对外侧跑道的同学有利11．一汽车在平直公路上做匀加速运动，在前2s内的平均速度为10m/s，在前6s内的平均速度为22m/s，则该汽车的加速度为()A．6m/s2B．4m/s2C．3m/s2D．12m/s25m/s，则自驾驶12．汽车以20m/s的速度在平直公路上行驶，急刹车时的加速度大小为2员急踩刹车开始，2s与5s时汽车的位移之比为（）A．5:4B．4:5C．3:4D．4:313．某质点在0~3s内运动的v-t图象如图所示，关于质点的运动，下列说法中正确的是()A．质点在第1s内的平均速度等于第2s内的平均速度B．t=3s时，质点的位移最大C．质点在第2s内的加速度与第3s内的加速度大小相等，方向相反D．质点在第2s内的位移与第3s内的位移大小相等，方向相反14．两物体都做匀变速直线运动，在给定的时间间隔t内（）A．加速度大的，其位移一定大B．初速度大的，其位移一定大C．末速度大的，其位移一定大D．平均速度大的，其位移一定大15．在某驾校的训练场地上，有一段圆弧形坡道，如图所示，若将同一辆车先后停放在a 点和b点，下述分析和比较正确的是A．车在a点受坡道的合外力大于在b点受的合外力B．车在a点受坡道的摩擦力大于在b点受的摩擦力C．车在a点受到的支持力大于在b点受的支持力D．车在a点受的重力的下滑分力大于在b点受的重力的下滑分力16．如图所示，足球迎面撞上运动员的脸部，下列说法中错误．．的是A．由于运动员的脸部形变，它对运动员脸部产生弹力B．发生撞击时，足球的形变越明显说明产生弹力越大C．由于足球的形变，它对运动员脸部产生弹力D．足球与运动员脸部之间产生弹力的前提是它们相互接触17．下列各组物理量中均是矢量的是（）A．力，加速度，路程B．位移，速度，加速度C．力，位移，速率D．力，加速度，质量18．如图所示，某次特技表演中七架战机保持“固定队列”在天空飞过，下列说法正确的是（）A．以某飞机为参考系，其它飞机是静止的B．以飞行员为参考系，广场上的观众是静止的C．以某飞行员为参考系，其他飞行员是运动的D．以广场上的观众为参考系，飞机是竖直向上运动的19．人从发现情况到采取相应行动经过的时间叫反应时间．我们可以采用下面的实验测出自己的反应时间．请一位同学用两个手指捏住木尺顶端，你用一只手在木尺下部做握住木尺的准备，但手的任何部位在开始时都不要碰到木尺．当看到那位同学放开手时，你立即握住木尺，根据木尺下降的高度，可以算出你的反应时间．若某次测量中木尺下降了约11cm，由此可知此次你的反应时间约为（）A．0.2 sB．0.15sC．0.1 sD．0.05 s20．如图所示是三个质点A、B、C的运动轨迹，三个质点同时从N点出发，同时到达M 点，下列说法正确的是（）A．三个质点从N到M的平均速度相同B．三个质点到达M点的瞬时速度相同C．三个质点从N到M的平均速率相同D．A质点从N到M的平均速度方向与任意时刻的瞬时速度方向相同二、多选题21．在某次军事演习中，空降兵从悬停在空中的直升机上跳下，当下落到距离地面适当高度时，打开降落伞，最终安全到达地面，空降兵从跳离飞机到安全到达地面的过程中在竖直方向的v—t图像如如所示，则以下判断正确的是A．空降兵在0到t1时间内做自由落体运动B．空降兵在t1到t2时间内的加速度方向竖直向上，大小在逐渐减小C．空降兵在0到t1时间内的平均速度是12v2D．空降兵在t1到t2时间内的平均速度小于12(v1+v2)22．如图所示，质量分别为3m、m的两个可看成质点的小球A、B，中间用一细线连接，小球A由细线系于天花板上的O点，小球B由细线拴接于墙角的C点，初始时刻，细线OA与细线BC垂直，细线OA与竖直方向成37°角，若保持A球位置不动，而将BC线的C 端沿水平方向向左移动一小段距离，已知重力加速度为g，sin37°＝0.6，cos37°＝0.8，则下列说法正确的是A．移动前，细线OA中的张力大小为3.2mgB．移动过程中，细线OA中的张力保持不变C．移动过程中，细线BC中的张力可能先减小后增大D．移动过程中，细线BC中的张力逐渐增大23．水平面上有一物体做直线运动，物体的加速度随时间变化的关系如图所示，已知t=0时物体的速度为1m/s，以此时的速度方向为正方向，下列说法中正确的是( )A．在0-1s内物体做匀加速直线运动B．1s末的速度为2m/sC．2s末物体开始反向运动D．3s末物体离出发点最远24．如图所示，一根粗细和质量分布均匀的细绳，两端各系一个质量都为m的小环，小环套在固定水平杆上，两环静止时，绳子过环与细绳结点P、Q的切线与竖直方向的夹角均为θ，已知绳子的质量也为m，重力加速度大小为g，则两环静止时A．每个环对杆的压力大小为mgB．绳子最低点处的弹力的大小为tan2 mgC．水平杆对每个环的摩擦力大小为mgtanθD．两环之间的距离增大，杆对环的摩擦力增大25．汽车自O点出发从静止开始在平直公路上做匀加速直线运动，途中在5s钟内分别经过A、B两根电杆，己知A、B电杆相距50m，车经过电杆B时的速率是15m/s，则（）A．经过A杆时的速率是5m/sB．车的加速度是21.5m/sC．A、O间距离是6.25mD．车从出发到B所用的时间是9s．26．一轻弹簧的一端固定在倾角为θ的固定光滑斜面的底部，另一端和质量为2m的小物块A相连，质量为m的小物块B紧靠A静止在斜面上，如图所示，此时弹簧的压缩量为x0．从t=0时开始，对B施加沿斜面向上的外力，使B始终做加速度为a的匀加速直线运动．经过一段时间后，物块A、B分离．弹簧的形变始终在弹性限度内，重力加速度大小为g．若θ、m、x0、a均已知，则下列说法正确的是（）A．根据已知条件，可求出从开始到物块A、B分离所用的时间B．根据已知条件，可求出物块A、B分离时的速度大小C．物块A、B分离时，弹簧的弹力恰好为零D．物块A、B分离后，物块A开始减速27．甲．乙两物体均做直线运动，它们在某段时间内的位移x随时间t变化的图象如图所示，则在0～t1时间内，下列判断正确的是( )A ．甲物体做加速运动B ．甲、乙两物体运动方向相同C ．甲的平均速度比乙的平均速度大D ．甲、乙两物体的平均速度大小相等28．有一串佛珠，穿在一根长1.8m 的细线上，细线的首尾各固定一个佛珠，中间还有5个佛珠．从最下面的佛珠算起，相邻两个佛珠的距离为5cm 、15cm 、25cm 、35cm 、45cm 、55cm ，如图所示．某人向上提起最上端的佛珠，让线自由垂下，且第一个佛珠紧靠水平桌面．从松手开始计时，若不计空气阻力(g 取10m/s 2)，则第2、3、4、5、6、7个佛珠A ．落到桌面上的时间间隔相等B ．落到桌面上的时间间隔越来越大C ．其中的第4个佛珠落到桌面上的速率为3 m/sD ．依次落到桌面上的速率关系为123256：：：：：三、实验题29．为探究物体的加速度与力、质量的关系。
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoeswill last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BScientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工学院) have turned spider webs into music——creating an strange soundtrack that could help them better understand how the spiders output their complex creations and even how they communicate.The MIT team worked with Berlin-based artist Tomas Saraceno to take 2D (two-dimensional) laser (激光) scans of a spider web, which were linked together and made into a mathematical model that could recreate the web in 3Din VR (virtual reality). They also worked with MIT’s music department to create the virtual instrument.“Even though the web looks really random (随机)，there actually are a lot of inside structures and you can visualize (可视化) them and you can look at them, but it’s really hard to grasp for the human imagination or human brain to understand all these structural details,” said MIT engineering professor Markus Buehler, who presented the work on Monday at a virtual meeting of the American Chemical Society.Listening to the music while moving through the VR spider web lets you see and hear these structural changes and gives a better idea of how spiders see the world, he told CNN. “Spiders use vibrations (振动) as a way to locate themselves, to communicate with other spiders and so the idea of thinking really like a spider would experience the world was something that was very important to us as spider material scientists,” Buehler said.Spiders are able to build their webs without shelves or supports, so having a better idea of how they work could lead to the development of advanced new 3D printing techniques. “The reason why I did that is I wanted to be able to get information really from the spider world, which is very weird and mysterious,” Buehler explained. In addition to the scientific value, Buehler said the webs are musically interesting and that you can hear the sounds the spider creates during construction. “It’s unusual and eerie and scary, but finally beautiful.” he described.4. What have MIT scientists done according to the passage?A. They have translated spider webs into sounds.B. They have made a mathematical model to produce webs.C. They have created a soundtrack to catch spiders.D. They have known how spiders communicate.5. What can we know about spider webs from paragraph 3?A. Their structures are beautiful and clear.B. Professor Markus Buehler knows them well.C. The American Chemical Society presents the result.D. They are complex for people to figure it out.6. In which field will the study be helpful?A. virtual realityB. printingC. paintingD. film-making7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. It tells us that the music created by spiders is scary.B. It shows how the researchers carry out the experiment.C. It presents a new and creative way to study spiders.D. It explains why scientists did the experiment.CThe health benefits of staying active are already well-known. It can help you manage weight, keep blood sugar levels down and reduce risk factors for heart disease.Now, a new study suggests that regularly playing sports, especially badminton or tennis, is not only healthy but also reduces your risk of death, at any age, by approximately 50%. This is a big scale population study to explore the health benefits of sports in terms of death rate. The study evaluated responses from 80, 306 adults aged 30 and above inEnglandandScotland, who were surveyed about their health, lifestyle and exercise patterns.After adjusting factors such as age, sex, weight, smoking habits, alcohol use, education and other forms of exercise besidesthe named sports, the researchers compared the risk of death among people who took part in a sport to those who didn’t. The percentage of reduced risk of death was found to be: 47% for racket（球拍）sports, 28% for swimming and 15% for cycling.In addition to this, the study didn’t find any significant reduction in the risk for sports like running and football. The findings also exposed that over 44% of the participants met the guidelines for the recommended exercise levels to stay fit and healthy, which amounts to 150 minutes of moderate(适度的) physical activity in aweek.Does this mean you stop running or playing football and switch to tennis instead? Every kind of sport and physical activity has different physical, social and mental benefits attached to it. The apparent lack of benefits of running and football could result from several variables that were not taken into account.Being active helps you feel happier and live longer. So, the most important step is to take part in any kind of sport that you are likely to enjoy and follow in the long term.8. How is the study conducted?A. By doing comparative experiments.B. By analyzing previous data.C. By evaluating survey information.D. By tracking participants for a long time.9. What does the underlined part “the named sports” refer to?A. Ball sports.B. Racket sports.C. Individual sports.D. Traditional sports.10. What can we infer from paragraph 5?A. Few people will play football.B. Tennis will become more popular.C. The result of this study is wrong.D. The study needs to be further improved.11. What does the author advise people to do?A. Stick to any sport that you like.B. Play badminton and tennis only.C. Stop running and playing football.D. Do any sport according to guidelines.DIn the summer of 2016, I gave a talk at a small conference in northernVirginia. I began by admitting that I’d never had a social-media account; I then outlined arguments for why other peopleshould consider removing social media from their lives. The event organizers uploaded the video of my talk to YouTube. Then it was shared repeatedly on Facebook and Instagram and, eventually, viewed more than five million times. I was both pleased and annoyed by the fact that my anti-social-media talk had found such a large audience on social media.I think of this event as typical of the love-hate relationships many of us have with Facebook, Instagram, and other social-media platforms. On the one hand, we’ve grown cautious about the so-called attention economy, which, in the name of corporate(公司的) profits, destroys social life gradually and offends privacy. But we also benefit from social media and hesitate to break away from it completely. Not long ago, Imet a partner at a large law firm in Washington, D.C., who told me that she keeps Instagram on her phone because she misses her kids when she travels; looking through pictures of them makes her feel better.In recent months, some of the biggest social-media companies, Facebook and Twitter, in particular, have promised various reforms. In March, Mark Zuckerberg announced a plan to move his platform toward private communication protected by end-to-end encryption(端对端加密); later that month, he put forward the establishment of a third-party group to set standards for acceptable content.All of these approaches assume that the reformation of social media will be a complex, lengthy, and gradual process. But not everyone sees it that way. Alongside these official responses, a loose collective of developers that calls itself the IndieWeb has been creating another alternative. They are developing their own social-media platforms, which they say will preserve what’s good about social media while getting rid of what’s bad. They hope to rebuild social media according to principles that are less corporate and more humane(人道的).12. Why did the author feel annoyed when his video was spread online?A. His video caused many arguments.B. His video was shared without his permission.C. His talk was opposed by a large amount of people.D. His video’s popularity on social media is against his talk.13. Why does the author mention the story of his partner in paragraph 2?A. To prove that social media has some benefits.B. To advise people to break away from social media.C. To tell the negative effects social media may produce.D. To describe people’s complicated relationships with social media.14. What is the purpose of the reform made by some social-media companies?A. To attract more users.B. To improve network environment.C. To make more profits.D. To provide more convenientservice.15. What does the IndieWeb intend to do?A. Develop new social-media platforms.B. Remove social media from people’s lives.C. Improve the existing social-media principles.D. Help social-media companies to make reformation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOne day when I was 5, my mother blamed me for not finishing my rice and I got angry. I wanted to play outside and not to be made to finish eating my old rice. When angrily opening the screen door (纱门) with my foot, I kicked back about a 12-inch part of the lower left hand corner of the new screen door. But I had no regret, for I was happy to be playing in the backyard with my toys.Today, I know if my child had done what I did, I would have blamed my child, and told him about how expensive this new screen door was, and I would have delivered a spanking (打屁股) for it. However, my parents never said a word. They left the corner of the screen door pushed out, creating an opening, in the defense against unwanted insects.For years, every time I saw that corner of the screen, it would constantly make me think about my mistake. For years, I knew that everyone in my family would see that hole and remember who did it. For years, every time I saw a fly buzzing (嗡嗡) in the kitchen, I would wonder if it came in through the hole that I had created with my angry foot. Iwould wonder if my family members were thinking the same thing, silently blaming me every time a flying insect entered our home, making life more terrible for us all. My parents taught me a valuable lesson, one that a spanking or stern (严厉的) words perhapscould not deliver. Their silent punishment for what I had done delivered a hundred stern messages to me. Above all, it has helped me become a more patient person and not burst out so easily.1. When the author damaged the door, his parents _______.A. gave him a spankingB. left the door unrepairedC. told him how expensive it wasD. blamed him for what he had done2. The experience may cause the author _______.A. not to go against his parents’ willB. to have a better control of himselfC. not to make mistakes in the futureD. to hide his anger away from others3. What is the main idea of this text?A. Parents is the best way to solve problems.B. Parents are the best teachers of their children.C. Adults should ignore their children’s bad behavior.D. Silent punishment may have a better effect on educating people.BGlobally, people use roofs to dry out food, do their laundry and sleep. In Belfast, where we're based, there's a culture of enjoying looking down on the city from up high, because it's in a valley. But because we were a conflict area for a long time,many people didn't want to live, work or hang out in the city, and our roofs cape has been neglected.Rooftop projects can be as big or as small as you want. They can be used as social or cultural spaces, for green or blue public facilities. But it's not just about commercial opportunities; it can be as simple as an individual turning his/her city balcony into a mini garden or vegetable patch. It's not just about doing it on a rooftop because it's “cool”.It's about giving up the deep-rooted thought that roofs are off limits and embracing their challenges as opportunities. That can make a huge difference. For instance, we're helping turn the rooftop car park of a city central shopping centre into an outdoor space for employees, due to restrictions they now face indoors because of COVID-19.Using rooftops creatively allows us to cope with many of the challenges faced by cities today--be those environmental, social, technological, or cultural. At the moment,we're being forced to rethink how we use public spaces due to COVID-19. With lots of restrictions on enclosed areas, we should be acknowledging rooftops alternatives.For example,Rotterdam recently hosted a play that took place across its rooftops. Each roof lit up and hosted a different part of the drama, while residents sat and watched, listening to the action through headphones. Are there any challenges? Rain is one. Also is health and safety. But there are creative and practical solutions to all the barriers we face. In fact,the challenges are what make rooftops so exciting----because they give you even more opportunities to be creative and solve problems. It is always a matter of trial and error.4. What can we learn about rooftops in the first two paragraphs?A. People enjoy getting together on rooftops.B. People can use rooftops to their own advantage.C. Rooftops are made good use of by locals in Belfast.D. Rooftops projects were launched for commercial reasons.5. How can rooftops benefit people in their life?A. Rooftops can be adapted to car parks.B. Rooftops help solve environmental problems.C. Rooftops can provide space for work and play.D. People can exchange their thoughts on rooftops.6. What will be possibly mentioned after the last paragraph?A. The new challenges of the future.B. Reasons for building rooftop projects.C. Exciting development of rooftop projects.D. Solutions to the challenges we are facing now.7. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce rooftop projects in Belfast.B. To encourage people to start rooftop projects.C. To analyze the current situation of rooftop projects.D. To offer suggestions on long-term city development.CHave you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldn’t get hurt. The psychology(心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带) . Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers’ behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously. This makes driving morehazardousto other drivers.The Peltzman Effect isn’t just limited to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hardto take off, some people leave them off altogether．Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirinbecause of the safety caps.The Peltzman Effect describes how we’re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What’s more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect.8. What is the Peltzman Effect？A. People behave less safely when they feel safe．B. People feel safest when they are under protection．C. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．D. People who act dangerously are likely to be together．9. What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph 2 mean？A. Interesting．B. Expensive．C. Dangerous．D. Important．10. Medicine bottles with safety caps ________．A. are required throughout the worldB. meet the demands of the Peltzman EffectC. sell well in the worldD. are not completely safe11. What would be the best title for the text？A. Unsafe Safety MeasuresB. Types of Decision MakingC. People’s Fear of Taking RisksD. Different Behaviors of People in DangerDMy school appeared on the news last week because we had made an important change in our local area. Our class had planted a large garden in what was once only a vacant lot. It was a lot of work but it was all worth it. I got blisters(水泡) from digging, and we all got insect bites, too.I learned a lot about gardening and collaboration(合作), and then I learned about the media. Our teacher telephoned the TV station and informed them of what we had accomplished. She spoke with the producer. The producer checked with the directors, but they said there were plenty of stories similar to ours. They wanted to know what was special about our particular garden, since many schools plant them.The teacher explained that, after going on the Internet to learn about the prairie(大草原), we had made aprairie garden. We had gone to a prairie and gotten seeds from the plants, and then we planted them. We did not water the garden, but we did weed it. We decided to let nature water it with rain, since that was how prairies grew in the past. We sent a picture of the garden to the news station. In the picture, the grass was so high that it stood taller than the fourth grade students.As a result, the producer sent a reporter to our school. He interviewed the headmaster and asked him many questions about the garden. After that, they interviewed us, and we explained to them what we had learned through this project.That night, we watched the news, and there we were. The news reporter told our story. It was only two minutes long, but it was us. We were famous. All that work, all those blisters, it was worth it. We knewthatwhen we saw the garden every day, but now we knew that the whole city thought so, too.12. What seemed to be the TV directors’ initial reaction to the garden?A. They were excited.B. They were surprised.C. They were worried.D. They were uninterested.13. What is special about the garden?A. Weeds were allowed to spread naturally.B. The grass grew faster than common grass.C. The seeds came from the plants of a prairie.D. Underground water was used for the plants.14. What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the last paragraph?A. We got blisters on our hands.B. Our hard work was worthwhile.C. The garden would be famous.D. The project would be finished.15. How did the author feel about the project?A. Annoyed.B. Curious.C. Proud.D. Regretful.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三生物上学期期中试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学分校高三生物上学期期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 下列各组物质中，由相同种类元素组成的是（）A.胆固醇、磷脂、脂肪B.乳糖、脂肪、核糖C.甘氨酸、核糖、性激素D.胆固醇、血红蛋白、叶绿素2. 下图为甲、乙两种单基因遗传病的遗传家系图，其中一种遗传病为伴性遗传。
人群中乙病的发病率为1/256。
下列叙述正确的是A. 甲病是伴X染色体隐性遗传病B.和的基因型不同C. 若与某正常男性结婚，所生正常孩子的概率为25/51D. 若和再生一个孩子，同时患两种病的概率为1/173. 一条多肽链，化学式为CxHyOpNqS，将它彻底水解后，只得到下列四种氨基酸，分析推算可知，水解得到的氨基酸个数为（）A. p﹣1B. q+1C. q﹣1D. p+14. 下列有关脂质的叙述，不正确的是（）A. 脂肪是细胞内良好的储能物质B. 植物脂肪大多含有不饱和脂肪酸，在室温时呈液态C. 维生素D和雌性激素属于固醇类脂质D. 磷脂中并不含有P元素5. 下列有关细胞结构和功能的叙述，不正确的是（）A.衰老细胞内DNA的复制和转录过程会受影响B.皮肤上的老年斑与毛孩不都是细胞凋亡的结果C.能将无机物转化成有机物的生物细胞一定含有核糖体D.细胞分化、衰老、癌变都与细胞中遗传物质的改变有关6. 多酶片是一种促消化的药品，主要成分是胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶。
多酶片还具有分解脂质的功效，加速胆固醇的酯化从而降低血液中的胆固醇含量。
下列说法合理的是（）A. 多酶片应整颗服用，防止唾液淀粉酶对多酶片水解B. 胃蛋白酶在肠道中把蛋白质水解成多肽C. 胆固醇是动物细胞膜的重要成分之一D. 人体小肠黏膜可通过主动运输的方式吸收胰蛋白酶7. 图示为细胞中水的存在形式及其作用，下列叙述正确的是( )A.冬季来临，结合水/自由水的比例增大，细胞代谢水平和抗逆性均减弱B.若乙的含义是“反应物”，则可以参与氨基酸脱水缩合过程C.甲的含义是“组成细胞的结构”，如果这部分水失去会导致细胞死亡D.从图中可以推测，温度越高，细胞中的自由水越多8. 如图是探究酵母菌呼吸方式的装置，下列相关叙述错误的是（）A. 假设装置一中的液滴左移，装置二中的液滴不动，说明酵母菌只进行有氧呼吸B. 假设装置一中的液滴不动，装置二中的液滴右移，说明酵母菌只进行无氧呼吸C. 假设装置一中的液滴左移，装置二中的液滴右移，说明酵母菌既进行有氧呼吸又进行无氧呼吸D. 假设装置一和装置二的液滴均不移动，说明酵母菌只进行有氧呼吸或只进行无氧呼吸9. 通过对缺少某种蛋白的癌细胞进行研究，发现染色体在一些关键位置处于展开状态，使一系列基因被激活，癌细胞因此能够持续分裂。
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt was a weeknight and one of my twin daughters marched into the room, waving a book she'd finished. “Dad, why are books with science in them always about boys?” she asked.I told her that simply wasn't true; there were loads of great science fictions with girls in them. She agreed, but argued that in those stories it was the boys who were doing science, and the girls were justalong for the ride. My other daughter took her sister's side and challenged me to give an example.This left me in a difficult position. I could either go through our library to point out some wonderful examples of female-led science fictions, or just admit they were right and remain in my comfortable chair.I've been asked several times how I came up with the idea forA Problematic Paradoxand my answer is always the same: it came to me in a moment of inspiration. I like that answer because it's simple and makes me seem very creative. The fact that this explanation is not true bothers me from time to time. Here's the truth: the story wasn't my idea. It was my daughters who suggested I write something for them that had a girl doing science.My daughters were at an age when many young women turn away from STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math), believing those areas of study unfriendly or out-of-the-norm for girls. I also read about how important role models can be to young people. It's one thing to tell a person they can do something, but seeing someone like them doing that thing can be more powerful.So, I kept two guidelines for the book in mind: First, the story had to be fun for anyone, because it's as important for boys to understand that science is for everyone. Second, I wanted the main character, Nikola, to be imperfect. She should be someone with shortcomings as we all have. I think this not only makes a story more interesting to read, but also helps make it clear that the most extraordinary things can be done by ordinary people.1. What does the underlined phrase “along for the ride” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Entering a bike race.B. Offering vital help.C. Doing unimportant things.D. Playing the leading role.2. What do we know about the bookA Problematic Paradox1?A. Its main character is perfect.B. It is a female-led science fiction.C. It is intended to appeal to girls only.D. Its idea comes from the author's inspiration.3. Which of the following best describes the author's book?A. Serious and abstract.B. Simple and practical.C. Creative and well-organized.D. Inspiring and interesting.BAn anti-obesity program for Australian girls didn’t lead to any improvements in their diet, physical activities or body weight a year later, according to a new report.Findings from the school-based intervention (介入), which involved exercise sessions and nutrition workshops for lower-income girls, are the latest disappointment in a lot of research attempting tohead offadult obesity and the disease risks that come with it.Especially during the middle-and high-school years, girls’ physical activity reduces obviously, according to lead researcher David Lubans, from theUniversityofNewcastleinNew South Wales,Australia. He said, “In the future we need to make the programs more interesting and exciting and present information in a way that is meaningful to adolescent girl.”Lubans and his workmates conducted their study in 12 schools in low-income areas ofNew South Wales. At the start of the study, girls in both groups weighed an average of close to 130pounds, with about four in ten considered overweight. Over the next year, adolescents in the intervention group were given pedometers (计步器) to encourage walking and running and invited to nutrition workshops and regular exercise sessions during the schoolday and at lunchtime. Participation in some of those activities were less than ideal. For example, the girls went to only one-quarter of lunchtime exercise sessions, and less than one in ten completed at-home physical activity or nutrition challenges, the researchers reported. At the end of the year, girls in both groups had gained a similar amount of weight and there was no difference in their average body fat.Preventive medicine researcher Robert Klesges said that although some anti-obesity programs have helped adults lose weight, the teen population has always been a source of failure for researchers. “The common belief is: nothing works,” he said. “And we have got to get beyond that.”“We need to think outside the box,” said Klesges, who wasn’t involved in the new study. “That could include learning from what has worked in adult studies, such as giving meal replacement drinks or prepared foods to teens who have trouble making changes to their diet. Or, it could mean using a “step-care” method — rather than researchers or their doctor telling them to keep doing the same thing.” Klesges said.4. The underlined words “head off” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.A. damageB. defendC. preventD. affect5. The methods used in the program to stop obesity don’t include ________.A. walking and runningB. inviting them to nutrition workshopsC. joining exercise sessions regularlyD. giving meal replacement drinks6. The main reason for the failure of the anti-obesity program is probably that ________.A. the participants didn’t take an active part in itB. the program was not interesting and exciting to participantsC. the participants didn’t get extra nutrition or exercise helpD. the program didn’t pay attention to healthy exercise7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. As researchers, it is important to have creative research methods.B. Researchers need to give meals or prepare foods to participants.C. Teen girls have no difficulty in making changes to their diet.D. Some ant-obesity programs have not helped adults lose weight.CHaley Curfman, 25, of Blackwell, Oklahoma, is a teacher at Blackwell Public School and last yearshe bought a plain(朴素的) white dress, which she set up a station in her classroom for her students to decorate, encouraging them to go and draw on the dress whenever they had free time. Haley set up a station at a table with the dress and some color1 ed markers so that her students could draw on it, having first seen the idea on Pinterest.After the kids had finished the design, she then surprised them all by wearing the dress to class, sharing pictures of herself in it on Facebook in a post that has since been shared over 200, 000 times.For teachers looking to do something similar for their own students, Haley said that she bought the dress off Amazon for less than $ 20 about six months ago and pre-washed the dress before she started the project. She used markers from Walmart. But she said these things can be bought in other places. She said, “To do the project, I set up a station at a table with the dress and markers. It takes anywhere from two weeks to a month to complete as we just work on it here and there when time allows. You'd better give the students enough time so they don't have to hurry.”“Teachers have been sharing their dresses, T-shirts, etc. with me that they've been creating since the 1950swith the same idea. It is amazing, and I love the fact that you are sharing them with me! Thank you all so much for your kindness and support,” she wrote on Facebook.Asked why she came up with the idea, Haley told Scary Mommy. “We don't have art in our school, so, I always try to do little creative projects when possible.”8. What did Haley use the plain white dress to do?A. To teach her students painting.B. To prepare for her presentation.C. To ask her students to draw on it.D. To help her students with their homework.9. What do we know about the finished dress?A. It took Haley by surprise.B. It is kept by Haley at home.C. It is the product of a new idea.D. It has enjoyed popularity online.10. What should a teacher do if he or she wants to follow Haley's example?A. Buy the same dress online.B. Give the kids enough time.C. Buy the same markers in Walmart.D. Leave the finished work untouched.11. Why did Haley carry out the project?A. To teach art to her students.B. To show her idea on Pinterest.C. To share it with other teachers.D. To exciteher students' creativity.DJennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's(学士) degree.Jennifer grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) a lot to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned animportant lesson, witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.12. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She taught her sisters and brothers.D. She supported herself through college.13. Why did she choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital?A. To learn from the best nurses.B. To take care of her kids easily at night.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job there.14. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her chance of promotion.C Her reputation. D. Her time with family.15. What can we learn from Jennifer's story?A. Hard work pays off.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Time is money.D. Education is the key to success.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年北京理工大附中高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大附中高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThailand is a country with a long and rich history. It is also one of those countries which have many traditions which modern times fortunately have not affected. Thailand is famous for its unique culture. It is well worth noting that Thai culture hasbeen handed down from one generation to the next.Thai Classical DanceThe inspiring culture includes local music and wonderful Thai dances. The dances of course have something to do with its deep-rooted Buddhist religion, fighting arts and beautiful clothing. Thai classical dance performances are generally performed by gracious (高雅的) Thai ladies wearing beautiful Thai local costumes. Most resort (旅游胜地) areas and many hotels frequently offer these Thai culture dance shows for foreign visitors.Thai GreetingThe unique Thai gesture of greeting another person, the wai, is especiallyone of the great aspects of Thai culture. The wai is when a person joins both hands to either head or chest level while bending their head slightly towards his hands. This way of greeting is especially done when a younger person greets an older person and it indicates a sign of respect to their elders. Employees would also wai their managers even if the manager would be younger than themselves.BangkokBangkok is the culture center of Thailand and has been the Thai capital since the end of the eighteenth century. Observing Thai culture in Bangkok can be great experience as the combination of modern times and traditions have created a kind of unique atmosphere. Bangkok offers a package of Thai culture which is shown by numerous beautiful Buddhist temples and many examples of modern Thai architecture.Bangkok National MuseumAnother location in Bangkok where one can enjoy and see Thai culture is at the famed Bangkok national museum, which offers tourists an opportunity to view national treasures and unique Thai art pieces with its culture feature dating back as early as the late sixteenth century.1.Thai classical dance is related to ________.A.its living level and educationB.its history and architectural styleC.its customsD.its religious belief2.In Thailand a worker uses the gesture, the wai , to greet________.A.his close friend.B.a young stranger.C.his younger colleagues.D.his young boss.3.What make Thai culture in Bangkok so unique?A.The long history and fine weather of Bangkok.B.The mixture of the modern culture and traditions.C.A number of beautiful Thai Buddhist templesD.Many examples of modern Thai architecture.BAs we all know, there are plenty of different parks to visit in theUK. All theme parks inBritainhave cafes, restaurants, picnic areas and gift shops, so you'll still have plenty to see and do when you and the kids have been on enough rides. There are usually smaller “funfair“ rides and games as well, so younger children won't get bored. Several theme parks also have other attractions next to them, e. g. water parks often open all year round, unlike the theme parks.Whenever you are inBritain, there's likely to be a theme park within one or two hours,drive, bus ride or train journey. Several theme parks even have accommodation(膳宿)so you can stay for a day or two if you want to make a trip into a short holiday.Prices forUKtheme parks vary considerably; some have an entrance price which allows you to go on all the rides, while in others you have to pay for every ride individually. It can also make a difference whether you go during peak time or not. For example, tickets always cost more during school holidays and weekends than they do during the weekdays.Theme parks always get very busy during the summer months, so if you don't like crowds ifs usually a good idea to go earlier or later in the year!If you're thinking of visiting aUKtheme park, it's worth having a look for special offers on tickets. Products such as chocolate bars and cereals sometimes have " buy one get one free" offers on theme park tickets, so keep a look out in shops and supermarkets.4. This passage mainly talks about all the following EXCEPT.______.A. things to doB. prices for theme parksC. rules to obeyD. special offers5. If you go to the theme park during the weekdays, you'll probably.______.A. have to spend moreB. save some moneyC. win a big prizeD. get something free6. According to the passage, what should you do if you are tired of crowds in the theme park?A. Avoid the busiest months.B. Go earlier or later in the daytime.C. Choose one with few visitors.D. Go there when no one is in it.7. The best title for the text would be ______.A. What to Do in the Theme ParkB. Theme Parks in theUKC. Visiting the Theme ParkD. Introduction to Famous Theme ParksCChinese paleontologists (古生物学家) have determined that, about 47 million years ago, subtropical forests once existed on the high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The conclusion, which appears in a paper published on Tuesday, was drawn based on the large number of fossils found in theBaingoinBasinat an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters during the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the plateau.A joint team from theXishuangbannaTropicalBotanical Gardenconducted the research on the fossils. By combining the findings and models, the team recreated the climate and altitude that existed 47 million years ago, showing that the central plateau had an altitude of just 1,500 meters and an annual average temperature of 19℃, says Su Tao, a researcher from the tropical botanical garden and first author of the paper.“It was covered by thick forest and was rich in water and grass. It is fair tocall it the ‘ShangriLa’ of ancient times,” Su adds.The researchers have also found over 70 plant fossils, the majority of which are most closely related to plant life in today's subtropical or tropical regions.“This is enough to show that the central part of the now high-altitude, freezing Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had flourishing subtropical plants 47 million years ago,” Su says.The findings provide new evidence for the study of the evolutionary history of biodiversity and the evolution of the plateau's landscape, according to Zhou Zhekun, the paper's corresponding author and a researcher at the tropical botanical garden.Chinalaunched the second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in June 2017, 40 years after the first. Lasting up to 10 years, the expedition will conduct a series of studies focusing on the plateau'sglaciers, its biodiversity and ecological changes, and will also monitor the changes in climate.8. How did the paper come to the conclusion?A. Through the observation of the Baingoin basin.B. Through the fossils found in scientific expedition.C. Through the drawing of a large number of fossils.D. Through the adventure on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.9. What can be inferred according to Su Tao?A. The average altitude of the plateau was 1,500 meters.B. “Shangrila”means a place with abundant water and grass.C. The flourishing subtropical plants have covered the plateau.D. The fossils found by researchers are tropical or subtropical plants now.10. Where might the passage come from?A. The Times.B. The Wall Street Journal.C. Chinese National Geography.D. The Economist.11. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To instruct.B. To educate.C. To persuade.D. To inform.DHardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghana's capital,Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,however,circumventsregulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods' to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising:smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银）,lead and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certainchemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all, since some ofGhana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware,especially when governments' green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral12. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites acrossGhana.B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycleC. Electronic products need to be improved urgentlyD. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie13. What does the underlined word "circumvents"in Paragraph 3 mean?A. AbolishesB. TightensC. Brings inD. Gets around14. What should be the best concern according to the text?A. The thread of polluted food around the worldB. The damage of chicken’s immune systemC. The lack of diversity inGhana's exportsD. The violation of EFSA's standards15. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A. Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economyB. Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C. Reducing customers' demands for electronic productsD. Manufacturers’ urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年北京理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThough online ordering is popular in the UK today，handson experience still attracts many buyers' attention.Oxford StreetLondon is a shoppers' paradise，and most visitors head for Oxford Street.Halfway along is Selfridges，one of the world's first department stores where the architecture and window dressing impress you even before you go in.There are at least four other major stores on this street，plus Europe's largest music shop.In December the atmosphere is especially festive because of the Christmaslights which are always lighted by a politician，a great sportsman，or a super star.Kensington High StreetA fashionable area for shopping is Kensington High Street.One of its department stores even has a roof garden—good for relaxing between purchases.There's also an organic food superstore.Borough MarketYou can't visit London without going to a supermarketOne of the oldest and best for food is probably Borough Market on the south bank of the Thames.Get off the underground at London Bridge and wander among fresh fish stalls，bakeries，and fruit and vegetable sellers.You can also buy specialities to take away，like cheeses，pork pies，mustard and chutney.More places for bargainsPortobello Road Market on a Saturday is your best choice for jewelry or collector's items.It's a shortwalk from the underground station at Notting Hill Gate and you never know what you will find.For clothes，Camden Market is the place.It gets a little crowded at the weekends，though.Convent Garden Market offers great experience for the simple pleasure of looking at jewelry and gifts.1.Oxford Street becomes special in December for ________.A.the wonderful window dressingB.the Europe's largest music shopC.the lights lighted by a famous personD.many bargains to choose from2.To enjoy food，you can goto ________.A.Camden MarketB.Borough MarketC.Kensington High StreetD.Portobello Road Market3.Where is this passage probably taken from?AA science book. B.A traveler's journal.C.A news report.D.A trip guide.BLife in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That’s what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published.According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for real-life relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Web’s influence on daily activities. 36％of those people are online for more than five hours a week.” As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating (孤立的) effect on society,” says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the “isolating” point. While 13％of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones, 60％reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that E-mail is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads (网虫)spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via E-mails, “that’s a move toward greater connectedness,” says Paul Resnick, a professor at the University of Michigan.Thisisn’t the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh-area families’ Net use for a year. People who used the Internet more “talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed.” says Robert Kraut.“It’s true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented,” says Thomas Putnam.As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social life—not better or worse than before, but just different.4. Who claimed that the Web had negative influence?A. Paul Resnick.B. Robert Kraut.C. Thomas Putnam.D. Amitay Etzioni.5. The underlined word “This” in Para.4 refers to .A. the opinion expressed in Bowling AloneB. the survey made by the University of MichiganC. the conclusion in a report written in 1998D. the study conducted by Stanford University6. From the passage we learn that .A. watching TV used to take time away from staying onlineB. the Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effectC. 36％ofweb users spend more than five hours a week onlineD. the Web has the same influence as telephones and televisions7. The passage mainly discusses .A. how we can make a better use of the InternetB. how declines in social connectedness appearC. whether the Internet causes an isolating effectD. what a different life the Internet brings to usCChancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne said yesterday he would use the autumn spending review to increase Britain’s￡12bn-a-year aid budget towards humanitarian(人道主义的) causes in the wake of the European refugee(难民) crisis.Britainpromised to spend 0.7 percent of state general product on aid, meaning the budget could rise sharply by the end of the decade as the economy grows.Mr Osborne also said more of the aid budget could be given to help local government with housing costs for incomers, without breaking international guidelines.“We will use the foreign aid budget to help with the costs of these refugees. People ask about the pressure on public services; we’ll have extra money to help with that.”The government was unable to give a figure for how much aid money could be handed to local authorities: it would depend on how many refugees are accepted.David Cameron, Prime Minister, will set out his position on aid for refugees today. It is reported thatBritainwill accept at least 10,000 extra people from camps on theSyriaborder. He will use a statement in the House ofCommons to flesh out plans — announced inMadridon Friday — to take more people.A report inThe Sunday Timesthat the UK would take 15,000 Syrians, not far from the 18,000 figure demanded by the EU, was described by “Downing Street” as a “guess”.TheUKwill offer to resettle Syrians directly from refugee camps inJordan,LebanonandTurkey— but not those who have already reached the EU.8. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Britain tried to help refugees.B. People doubtBritain’s kindness.C. Britain tried to explain its behavior.D. Refugees like to live inBritain.9. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A. Britain’s economy grows rapidly.B. Britain will use little of its money to help refugees.C. Most countries are not willing to help refugees.D.Britainwill use more money to help refugees.10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Britain will use foreign money to help refugees.B. Britain helps refugees following international guidelines.C. Britain will use foreign money to develop themselves.D. People ask to use public service money to help refugees.11. What can we know from the passage?A. Britain can hold 10,000 refugees at most.B. The number of refugees to be received is uncertain.C. House of Commons declare a general plan.D.Britaincan hold 15,000 refugees at most.DMy sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups inAmerica.Now there even groups inEngland,Australia, andIndia! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.One day, it will be.12. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?A. They made the town smelly.B. They made the town unhealthy.C. They made the town dirty.D. They made the town poor.13. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.B. Stop people buying cigarettes.C. Pick up the cigarette butts.D. Win prizes for starting groups.14. From the passage we can know that _____.A. no companies wanted to give money to themB. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner placeC. There are only 45”No Butts About It”D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes215. Which is the best tittle for the passage?A. Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.B. Buy Yourself An Ashtray.C. Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.D. No Butts Prize.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年北京理工大附中高三生物期中试卷及答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大附中高三生物期中试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 自由组合定律中的“自由组合”是指（）A. 带有不同基因的雌雄配子间的组合B. 决定同一性状的成对的基因的组合C. 两亲本间的组合D. 决定不同性状的基因的自由组合2. 对碳元素是构成细胞的最基本元素最有说服力的解释是（）A.碳在细胞的各种化合物中含量最多B.碳在自然界中含量最为丰富C.碳链构成了有机物的基本骨架D.细胞的各种化合物中都含有碳3. 能够促使唾液淀粉酶水解的酶是（）A. 淀粉酶B. 蛋白酶C. 脂肪酶D. 麦芽糖酶4. 下列关于酶的叙述正确的是A.所有酶都是蛋白质B.都能降低化学反应的活化能C.只有内分泌细胞能合成D.只有在细胞内才发挥催化作用5. 下列关于细胞膜成分及细胞膜流动镶嵌模型的叙述，错误的是（）A.组成细胞膜的蛋白质分子大多数可以运动B.蛋白质分子在细胞膜两侧是不对称分布C.磷脂双分子层构成细胞膜的基本支架D.磷脂分子的疏水端可以让水溶性分子和离子自由通过6. 下列关于A TP的叙述，正确的是（）A.全称三磷酸腺嘌呤B.含有两个高能磷酸键C.供能机制是动物和植物特有的D.水解时靠近A的高能磷酸键优先断裂7. 下列实验不能用紫色洋葱鳞片叶(外或内)表皮细胞作为实验材料的是A. 观察植物细胞的质壁分离和复原实验B. 观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布实验C. 用高倍镜观察细胞中的线粒体实验D. 观察植物细胞的有丝分裂实验8. 人眼的虹膜有褐色和蓝色的，褐色是由显性遗传因子控制的，蓝色是由隐性遗传因子控制的。
一个蓝眼男人与一个褐眼女人（这个女人的双亲都是褐眼，但她有一个蓝眼的妹妹）结婚，这对夫妇生下蓝眼女孩的可能性（）A.1/4B.1/2C.1/8D.1/69. 下列有关群落演替的叙述，正确的是（）A. 农田弃耕后，在自然状态下的演替是从一年生草本植物开始B. 人类活动往往会使群落演替按照不同于自然演替速度和方向进行C. 只有群落的结构受到干扰或破坏时，才会出现群落的演替D. 随着演替的进行，群落内食物链缩短以提高能量传递效率10. 下列免疫细胞中，不能进一步分化的是()A. T细胞B. B细胞C. 记忆细胞D. 吞噬细胞11. 下图表示种群特征之间的关系，据图分析不正确的是（）A.①①①①依次为年龄组成、出生率死亡率和迁入率迁出率、种群数量、性别比例B. 种群密度完全能反映①的变化趋势C. 研究城市人口的变迁，迁入率和迁出率是不可忽视的D. 种群数量还受自然气候等因素的影响12. 人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）有高度变异性，感染机体后可损伤免疫细胞，并通过多种机制逃避免疫系统的识别和攻击。
2020-2021学年北京理工大附中高三英语期中考试试卷及答案
2020-2021学年北京理工大附中高三英语期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOvernight French ToastWhat You’ll Need•16-ounce loaf of French bread•5 eggs•1 1 /2 cups milk•1/2 cup half-and-half•1/3 cup maple syrup（枫糖浆）•1/2 teaspoon salt•foil（锡箔纸）•2 tablespoons melted butter（for topping）•2 tablespoons maple syrup（for topping）What to Do•With an adult’s help, cut the bread into 1-inch slices.•Place the eggs, milk, half-and-half, maple syrup, and salt into a large bowl. Stir（揽拌）the mixture until blended（混合均匀）.•Place the sliced bread into a baking dish. Pour the mixtureover the bread and press the slices into it. Cover the dish with foil and refrigerate overnight.•Remove the dish from the refrigerator at least one hour before baking. Ask an adult for help to preheat the oven to 375°F. Bake the French toast for 35 minutes or until golden brown.•For the topping, combine the melted butter and 2 tablespoons of maple syrup. Pour it over the French toast before serving.1.How much salt will you need to make a French toast?A.1/3 cup.B.1/2 teaspoon.C.2 tablespoons.D.16 ounces.2.How will you use foil?A.Place the sliced breadB.Cover the dish.C.Remove the dish.D.Eat the French toast.3.Who is the passage written for?A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.Cooks.D.Kids.BOne day about eight years ago in the departure lounge (休息室) of a flight from New York's LaGuardia airport to O'Hare in Chicago, I found a young boy in tears and his mother at his side also appeared upset, I walked to them and invited them to our VIP lounge.As it turned out, the boy, Miles and his mom were returning to their home in Kansas City. Miles has had some health problems. Though he had received more than thirty operations in a Jewish Hospital in New York, he would be back for more.Miles enjoyed spending his time in our VIP lounge looking at the entire wall filled with the pictures of many celebrities (名人) who often came to our office. We soon added Miles' picture to the wall among those celebrities.Among the celebrities, Miles like the country singer Garth Brooks best. Miles would just sit and stare at Garth's picture,Oneday, Mr. Brooks was waiting in the lounge for his flight. As he looked at the collection of photographs, Garth asked about the youngster with the big smile. We told him about Miles. We also told him how much Miles loved and respected (尊重) him. He nodded and left.About six months later, Garth was going to be performing in Kansas City and he asked our workers to help him get in touch with the family. He wanted Miles to be his guest. That evening, not only did Miles sit in the front row, but he and Garth also had a private meeting after the performance.Although Miles would receive many more treatments after that special evening, his smile greeted us with every following visit. The face of a sick boy was changed by the joy of a stranger.4. What does the author probably do?A. A worker at an airport.B. A killed photographer.C. A country music singer.D. A doctor in a Jewish hospital.5. What did Miles enjoy doing in the VIP lounge?A. Interviewing celebrities he saw there.B. Seeing pictures of celebrities on the wall.C. Drawing pictures of the celebrities there.D. Singing together with his favorite singer.6. Which words can best describe Garth Brooks?A. Determined and generous.B. Proud and selfish.C. Kind and helpful.D. Powerful and rich.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. Importance of Good ServiceB. Kindness from StrangersC. A Serious Health ProblemD. A Helpless MotherCSelf-esteem is an abstract concept, which refers to people’s beliefs about their own worth and value. American psychologist Abraham Maslow thought self-esteem was a basic human need and included self-esteem in his hierarchy of human needs. He described two different forms of “esteem”: the need for respect from others in the form of recognition, success, and admiration, and the need for self-respect in the form of self-love, self-confidence, and skill. Respect from others was believed to be more fragile and easily lost than inner self-esteem. According to Maslow, without the fulfillment of the self-esteem need, individuals will be driven to seek it and unable to grow and obtain self-realization.Basically, high self-esteem is achieved through a series of real accomplishments, which is good for people. However, the excessive high self-esteem, based more on a sense of entitlement than on any accomplishment, is considered to be less psychologically healthy. And just as self-esteem can be too high, it can also be “under-inflated”. Those having poor self-esteem do have a basis for feeling good about themselves but they may not recognize their accomplishments and actions as meaningful.To appreciate what it would be like to have high self-esteem, one can consider how they may feel about things in their lives that they value. For instance, some people really like cars. They take good care of their cars. They may even decorate the car and then show it off to other people with pride. Similarly, people with high self-esteem love, care for and feel proud of themselves. Take children for example. When they have high self-esteem, they believe they are valuable and important. They enjoy different activities and can handle criticism easily without taking it personally.People need to develop positive self-esteem. This can convince them they deserve happiness. Besides, the development of positive self-esteem increases the capacity to treat other people with respect, thus favoring a variety of interpersonal relationships and avoiding destructive ones.8. What can we infer from Abraham Maslow’s theory about self-esteem?A. Self-esteem ensures us a successful life.B. Self-esteem is essential to self-realization.C. Self-esteem means little to psychological health.D. Others’ respect is more important than self-respect.9. What does the underlined word “under-inflated” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Adequate.B. Insufficient.C. Moderate.D. Lifelong.10. How does the author explain the feelings of having high self-esteem?A. By giving examples.B. By analyzing causes.C. By providing figures.D. By making contrasts.11. Which of the following does the author support?A. Self-esteem ultimately leads to happiness.B. Self-esteem earns you respect from others.C. Positive self-esteem benefits people’s social lives.D. Positive self-esteem helps people out of difficulties.DScientists have discovered a new behaviour among bumblebees that tricks plants into flowering early.When lack of pollen, bumblebees will bite little by little on the leaves of flower-less plants. The damage seems to fool the plant into flowering, sometimes up to 30 days earlier than normal.With their hairy appearance and special sounds, bumblebees are hard to miss in gardens all over the world. Their hairy bodies make them excellent pollinators for crops like tomatoes and blueberries. They are among the first bees to appear each year and work a long season.But despite their key role, bumblebees, like many other pollinators have seen their numbers decline suddenly in recent decades. One recent study pointed to climate change, reporting that an increasing number of hot days in Europe andNorth Americawas raising local bumblebees extinction rates.But researchers have now made a discovery about bumblebees that could have something to do with their long term survival. Scientists inSwitzerlandfound that when the bumblebees were out of pollen, they started to bite on the leaves of plants that hadn't yet flowered. They used their mouths to cut clearly-shaped holes in the leaves. But the creatures didn't eat the material or use it in their nests.The damaged plants responded by flowering earlier than normal--in some cases up to 30 days ahead of schedule. Researchers also found that the bee damaged plants flowered 30 days earlier than undamaged plants and 25 days earlier than ones damaged by the scientists.“I think everything that we've found is consistent with the idea that the bumblebees are damaging the plants and that that's an adaptation that brings flowers earlier and that benefits the bees,” said Dr Mark Mescher, one of the authors from ETHZurich.12. How do bumblebees fool plants into flowering earlier?A. By making use of the hot weather.B. By putting the false flowers on the leaves.C. By attacking the leaves of flowerless plants.D. By taking away the pollen from the other flowers.13. What's bumblebees’ key role?A.Making plants flower early.B. Spreading pollen to flowers and plants.C. Sending information about weather change.D. Finding out whether the plant has flowers.14. What has happened to bumblebees in the past the years?A. They are becoming homesick.B. They are not as friendly as before.C. There is a sharp decrease in number.D. They have been busy year by year.15. What's Dr Mark Mescher's attitude towards the behaviour of bumblebees?A. Uncaring.B. Skeptical.C. Tolerant.D. Objective.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年北京理工大学附属中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析
2020年北京理工大学附属中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAre you looking for somewhere special to go this weekend? Do you want to try something new?Check out one of these hot new restaurants.Fast BestFast food doesn't have to be junk food, as this café proves. Do you fancy a really good hamburger made with the best ingredients, or old-fashioned fish and chips fried to perfection, all on the table in super-quick time? Speed and quality are important here, and the prices aren't bad either.Your Local Caff (小餐馆)Remember when cafés served full English breakfasts—sausages, beans, fried bread, bacon and eggs—with a strong cup of tea? Well, this place still does and you can have your breakfast at any time you like during the day while you listen to your favourite tunes from the 1980s.Last Days of the RajA centrally located Indian restaurant, perfect for eating before or after the cinema or a show. In summer enjoy your meal in the beautiful garden. The most popular dishes are lamb and chicken cooked with mild, medium or hot spices. For brave customers there is extra hot!The Chocolate BoxThe owner of this small café used to cook all kinds of food, but then she realised she preferred desserts to anything else. If you want meat or fish, don't come here. They only do desserts! Lots of different kinds of sweets. Chocolate lovers will be excited by the range of chocolate cakes.1.Fast Best suits a person ______.A.who has a sweet toothB.who loves spicy foodC.who wants to have good breakfastD.who gets 30 minutes off for lunch2.Which is true about Last Days of the Raj?A.You can listen to great music in it.B.It serves hot food with pepper.C.It serves an all-day breakfast.D.It is prefect for vegetarians.3.Which restaurant serves only desserts and sweets?A.Fast Best.B.Your Local Caff.st Days of the Raj.D.The Chocolate Box.BAmerica---that glorious symbol of multiculturalism, the great melting pot---qualifies as part of the developed world, right? Not quite, if we consider the state of second language learning in schools across the country. According to a 2018 study, Europe often tops the U.S. in foreign language education in school. 92% of European students are learning a foreign language in school. In America it’s only 20%. In more than 20 European countries, studying a foreign language for at least one year is compulsory. In comparison, only 10 states and D.C. require learning a foreign language for graduation.I went to a public school in Pennsylvania that ranked onNewsweek’s list of America’s top high schools in 2015. Foreign language learning was not a graduation requirement. A common response to such stories and statistics is: So what? Why should Americans care about learning another language when English has recently seemed to dominate as the official language of the world?The world is globalizing faster than we can imagine. More than half of the world’s population speaks more than one language. It is also increasingly becoming the need for success in this globalizing world. Having the ability to speak a second language opens up the possibility of travelling and immersing yourself in another part of the world. This means people can feel other cultures, and traditions in places you were previously kept away because you could not communicate in the language.The teaching of foreign languages can be instrumental in bringing about peace and unity in the country we live in. Learning a second language can be an efficient vehicle to help to bridge communities. To speak another language means having access to a universe of different experiences and world views of another community of people.4. Why does the writer mention Europe?A. America makes studying a foreign language compulsory.B. America is the glorious symbol of multiculturalism.C. America isn’t really qualified as the developed world.D. America doesn’t focus on foreign language education5. What is American’s attitude towards education of foreign languages?A. Less concerned.B. More worried.C. Quite doubtful.D. Very supportive.6. What can visiting people do if they can speak the language where they visit?A. Make the world globalizing.B. Achieve success in business.C. Experience people’s real life there.D. Keep away their own culture.7. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Using a second language can bring harmony.B. Communities of people enjoy the great views.C. Speaking another language is reallynecessary.D. Learning a second language can be difficult.CI was so worried about handing my little boy over during his first week of school, but you made it easier. You smiled at him like a mother would at her own child.You showed warmth and your hugs were always on offer.After a day in class with you, Charlie would come home singing. Whenever I hear Do Your Ears Hang Low or see him stretching to the sky when singing about the days of the week, I will think of you.I didn't tell you at the time, but I loved your morning song so much that Iimplementedit in my own class (I'm a teacher, too).When you saw I was troubled, you hugged me with your smile and I knew everything would be OK. You made parents feel as cared for as our children.In the short time I knew you; you taught me about the type of teacher I desire to be. You never seemed disturbed by the mountain of paperwork or impossible work-life balance that comes with the role. Instead, you appeared to embrace every minute.I can't understand why you've been taken from us. Telling Charlie was one of the hardest things I've had to do.I'm not sure he fully understands, but he told me he loved you and has been asking whether your"robot powers"will work in heaven.A friend once told me white feathers are angels telling us that loved ones in heaven are well. On the first day collecting the children without you，a white feather floated through the sleet (雨夹雪). Watching the younger ones bounce and gigle as they tried to catch it was beautiful.I wish I had told you all of this when you were with us.I hope that you knew how you brought happiness to everyone you met and how loved you were. Goodbye, Dear Friend.8. What does the underlined word "implemented" in Paragraph l probably mean?A. Looked back on.B. Looked forward to.C. Thought highly of.D. Made use of.9. What can we learn from the passage about parents?A. They need to sing songs before children.B. They need to feel the affection as well.C. They find it hard to handle their kids.D. They find it necessary to hug the teachers.10. The writer mentioned "white feather" in Paragraph 4 mainly to ______.rm us of the loved one's deathB. remind us it's time for a snowball fightC. tell us the teacher stays in our mind after deathD. warn us of the falling snow when collecting children11. What's the writer's main purpose in writing this article?A. To make a remark on Charlie's teacher.B.To say goodbye to her fellow teacher.C. To take pity on her fellow teacher.D. To recall and show respect for Charlie's teacher.DBritish anthropologists (人类学家) Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham, after studying the results of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling matches at the Olympic Games, conclude that when two competitors are equally matched in fitness and skill, the athlete wearing red is more likely to win.Hill and Barton report that when one competitor is much better than the other, colour has no effect on the result. However, when there is only a small difference between them, the effect of colour is enoughtipthe balance. The anthropologists say that the number of times red wins is not simply by chance, but that these results are statistically significant.Joanna Setchell, a primate (灵长目动物) researcher at the University of Cambridge, has found similar results in nature. She studies the large African monkeys known as mandrills. Mandrills have bright red noses that stand out against their white faces. Setchell’s work shows that the powerful males — the ones who are more successful with females — have a brighter red nose than other males.As well as the studies on primates by Setchell, another study shows the effect of red among birds. In an experiment, scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male zebra finches and this increased the birds’ success with female zebra finches, Zebra finches already have bright red beaks (鸟喙), so this study suggests that, as withOlympic athletes, an extra flash of red is significant. In fact, researchers from theUniversityofGlasgowsay that the birds’ brightly coloured beaks are an indicator of health. Jonathan Blount, a biologist, andhis colleagues think they have found proof that bright red or orange beaks attract females because they mean that the males are healthier. Nothing in nature is simple, however, because in species such as the blue footed booby, a completely different colour seems to give the male birds the same advantage with females.Meanwhile, what about those athletes who win in their events while wearing red? Do their clothes give them an unintentional advantage? Robert Barton accepts that “that is the implication” of their findings. Is it time for sports authorities to consider new regulations on sports clothing?12. According to their research. Hill and Barton conclude that ________.A. the colour of clothing has an effect on most sport eventsB. red should be the choice of colour for clothing in sportsC. red plays a role when competitors are equally capableD. athletes perform better when surrounded by bright red13. The underlined word “tip” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.A. achieveB. advanceC. keepD. change14. The example of the blue footed booby proves that ________.A. male birds use different body parts to draw attentionB. red is not the only colour to attract female birdsC. blue gives female birds the same advantageD. blue can indicate how healthy a bird is15. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The colour red gives male animals the most advantage.B. Male zebra finches prefer to have red plastic rings on their legs.C. Rules on sports clothing are going to be changed.D. Athletes wearing red may have an advantage over their opponents.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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对于D，因为 ，且 ，所以当 时， ，当 时， ，所以D不一定成立，
故选：C
【点睛】
此题考查不等式的性质的应用，属于基础题
8．D
【解析】
由题意可得：f（A）= =15，所以c=15 而f（4）= =30，
可得出 =30故 =4，可得A=16
8．根据统计，一名工人组装第x件某产品所用的时间(单位：分钟)为f(x)＝ (A，c为常数)．已知工人组装第4件产品用时30分钟，组装第A件产品用时15分钟，那么c和A的值分别是( )
A．75,25B．75,16C．60,25D．60,16
9．不等式 对任意实数 恒成立，则实数 的取值范围为（）
A． B．
17．记关于 的不等式 的解集为 ，不等式 的解集为
（1）若 ，求
（2）若 ，且 ，求 的取值范围．
18．
围建一个面积为360m2的矩形场地，要求矩形场地的一面利用旧墙（利用旧墙需维修），其它三面围墙要新建，在旧墙的对面的新墙上要留一个宽度为2m的进出口，如图所示，已知旧墙的维修费用为45元/m，新墙的造价为180元/m，设利用的旧墙的长度为x（单位：元）．设修建此矩形场地围墙的总费用为y.
①整数集是数域；②若有理数集 ，则数集M必为数域；
③数域必为无限集；④存在无穷多个数域．
其中正确的命题的序号是．（把你认为正确的命题的序号填填上）
三、双空题
16．已知 ，其值域设为 ，则 __________；给出下列数值： ，则其中属于集合 的元素是__________（写出所有可能的数值）
四、解答题
对于D，函数 在 上单调递减，故C错误；
故选：B.
6．D
【解析】
【分析】
利用偶函数的定义进行判断即可
【详解】
解：因为函数 是偶函数，
所以 ，
因为 ，所以 ，
故选：D
7．C
【解析】
【分析】
利用作差法结合已知条件逐个判断即可
【详解】
解：对于A，因为 ， ，所以当 时， ，当 时， ，所以A不一定成立；
对于B，因为 ， ，所以当 时， ，当 时， ，所以B不一定成【解析】
【分析】
由二次根式的被开方数非负，解不等式组即可
【详解】
解：要使函数有意义，只要满足
，解得 ，
所以函数的定义域为 ，
故选：C
5．B
【解析】
【分析】
由常见函数的单调性逐项判断即可得解.
【详解】
对于A，函数 在 上单调递减，故A错误；
对于B，函数 ，在 上单调递增，故B正确；
对于C，函数 在 上单调递减，在 单调递增，故D错误.
故答案为：既不充分也不必要
13．
【解析】
【分析】
由已知可得 为真命题，则可得 ，从而可求出实数 的取值范围
【详解】
解：因为命题 ，
所以 ，
因为 是真命题，所以 ，即 ，解得 ，
故答案为：
14．
【解析】
【分析】
分 两种情况解不等式即可
【详解】
解：当 时， ，解得 （舍去）
当 时， ，得 ，解得 或 （舍去）
参考答案
1．B
【解析】
【分析】
先求出集合B，然后再求两个集合的交集即可
【详解】
解：由 ，得 ，
所以 ，
因为 ，所以
故选：B
2．B
【解析】
【分析】
全称命题否定为特称命题，改量词否结论即可
【详解】
解：命题“ “的否定为“ ”，
故选：B
3．A
【解析】
【分析】
先将 配方可得 ，即可判断.
【详解】
因为 ，
即 的值总是正数，
先求二次函数的对称轴，根据开口方向直接得函数的单调递减区间.
【详解】
，
函数的对称轴是 ，开口向上，
所以函数的单调递减区间是 .
故答案为： .
12．既不充分也不必要
【解析】
【分析】
通过举反例进行判断即可
【详解】
解：令 ，则 ，所以由 得不到 ，
若令 ，满足 ，此时 ，所以由 得不到 ，
所以“ ”是“ ”的既不充分也不必要条件，
C． D．
10．欧几里得的《几何原本》，形如 的方程的图解法是：画 ，使 ，在斜边 上截取 ，则该方程的一个正根是（）
A． 的长B． 的长C． 的长D． 的长
二、填空题
11．函数 的单调递减区间为__________．
12．“ ”是“ ”的__________条件（从“充分不必要”、“必要不充分”、“充分必要”、“既不充分也不必要”中选一个填空）．
13．已知命题 ，若 是真命题，则实数 的取值范围是__________．
14．设函数 ，若 ，则实数 的取值范围是__________．
15．设P是一个数集，且至少含有两个数，若对任意a、b∈R，都有a+b、a-b，ab、 ∈P（除数b≠0），则称P是一个数域.例如有理数集Q是数域；数集 也是数域.有下列命题：
（Ⅰ）将y表示为x的函数；
（Ⅱ）试确定x，使修建此矩形场地围墙的总费用最小，并求出最小总费用．
19．已知定义在 上的奇函数 ，且
（1）求 的值
（2）判断函数 在 上的单调性，并给出证明
20．已知 的定义域是 ，对于定义域内任意的 都有 ，且当 时，
（1）求证： 是偶函数
（2）求证： 在 上是增函数
（3）若 ，求实数 的取值范围
A．总是正数B．总是负数C．可以是零D．可以是正数也可以是负数
4．函数 的定义域为（）
A． B． C． D．
5．下列函数在区间 上为增函数的是（）
A． B． C． D．
6．若函数 是偶函数，且 ，则必有（）
A． B． C． D．
7．已知 为非零实数，且 ，则下列不等式一定成立的是（）
A． B． C． D．
北京理工大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单选题
1．已知集合 ，则 （）
A． B． C． D． 或
2．全称量词命题“ “的否定是（）
A． B．
C． D．
3．不论 为何实数， 的值为（）
从而c=15 =60
故答案为D
9．A
【解析】
因为 对任意x恒成立，所以 ．
10．B
【解析】
【分析】
由已知可得 ，然后在 中利用勾股定理得 ，化简可得 ，从而可得答案
【详解】
解：在 中， ， ，
所以 ，
由勾股定理得， ，
所以 ，
所以 ，
所以 ，
所以方程 的一个正根为 的长，
故选：B
11．
【解析】
【分析】
综上，实数 的取值范围为 ，
故答案为：
15．③④
【解析】
试题分析：利用已知条件中数域的定义判断各命题的真假，关键把握数域是对加减乘除四则运算封闭．解：要满足对四种运算的封闭，只有一个个来检验，如①对除法如 ∉Z不满足，所以排除；对②当有理数集Q中多一个元素i则会出现1+i∉该集合，所以它也不是一个数域；③④成立．故答案为③④．