人教版必修一第二单元教案

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人教版必修1第二单元教学设计

人教版必修1第二单元教学设计

以这两张图片作为导入,看到这两张图片学生们难免会想起它们背后所代表的国家,也就会想起了国家别后的不同文化,自然而然的导出英美语言存在的差异。

6. More difference between British English and American English(分别从发音,拼写,用法等发面来简要介绍英美语言上的差异,让学生对Englishes这个单词理解的会更加深刻)
设计意图:本阶段的是第一阶段的延续和提升,使学生们能更加深刻地理解世界上存在着各种不同的英语,而且这种不同不是随意的,追根究底是文化之间的不同。

步骤3:世界上有如此多的国家,如此多的国际组织和机构在使用英语,可见英语作为一种国际语言的重要性
1.解释英语是一种非常重要的国际语言.(通过本环节的解释和分析,学生们对英语的重要性会有重新的认识,为后面的“要学好英语”做好铺垫)
(1)facts(列举英语重要性和使用广泛性的一些不争的事实)
•380 million people speak English as native language.
•Two thirds of the world population as second language.
• A billion are learning it.
•By 2050, it is predicted(预言)that half of the world will master it.。

人教版高中英语必修一 第二单元 教学设计

人教版高中英语必修一 第二单元  教学设计
Using language部分:由四部分组成。
课时安排:(初步计划,因这是学生进入高中以来的第一个新课单元,可能会随课程进展的实际情况相应变动)
Period IThe first part of the new words and Ex 1-3 on P.11
Period IIThe second part of the new words and Ex 1-2 on P49
Finish the Exx individually or in groups
本节课中的重点与中心环节,希望通过本节的设置,能让学生在实际运用中较为有效的识记单词,体会语用的功效。
min
Step 6
Checking
If time permits,Check the answers
Check the answers and correct their own.Try to be clear why they are right or wrong.
教学
重点
1 Pronounce the new words and expressions correctly. 2 Grasp the use of some key words.
3 Learn at least one way to memorize new words and expressions
学情
分析
Ss have poor vocabulary, and the worse is that they still don’t have an essential way to enrich their vocabulary.So, this period will help them to realize how to memorize words in practical using.

英语人教版高中必修一(新课标)教案Unit2 Listening and Speaking 教案

英语人教版高中必修一(新课标)教案Unit2 Listening and Speaking 教案

Unit 2 Travelling AroundPeriod 1 Listening and Speaking &Pronunciation教材分析开篇页主题图呈现了旅途中的父与子,与培根的引言“Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the elder, a part of experience.”相呼应,父亲接孩子过河,父子情感通过动作得到交流,暗含了旅行对于父子两代人情感的影响和意义。

听说板块的主题是“准备好去旅行”(Get ready to travel),学生通过两段对话了解旅行前都要作的各项准备,最终能够与同伴分享自己的旅行计划。

这部分活动旨在培养学生制定计划时全面考虑、系统安排的意识与能力。

该板块选取了国内和国外的不同景点,既能增强学生的爱国情怀,又能开阔学生的国际视野。

语音板块主要帮助学生复习辅音字母c、g、x的不同发音,以及辅音字母组合ck、ch、tch、ph、sh、th、wh、ng、qu、gu、igh、kn、mb、wr 的发音规律。

教学目标1.能正确理解使用下列词汇:castle, apply, rent, pack, book, destination。

2.通过阅读开篇页信息,熟悉单元主题语境,预测单元内容,明确学习内容。

3.能听懂有关旅行计划和行前准备的对话,能掌握通过听关键词获取关键信息的技能。

4.通过运用听力材料中所提取的语言及语言学习的信息,谈论旅行计划和行前准备。

5.能通过对国内国外不同景点的讨论,既增强爱国情怀,又拓展国际视野。

6.能了解一些国家的风景名胜。

7.复习一些辅音字母的发音及其组合的发音规律。

教学重难点【教学重点】帮助学生掌握通过听关键词获取关键信息的技能,了解现在进行时表示将来计划的语言结构,掌握关于行前准备的常用表达。

【教学难点】听中能通过听关键词提取相关信息,并能和朋友讨论旅行计划和行前准备。

人教版高中英语必修一教案:Unit2EnglandaroundtheworldReading

人教版高中英语必修一教案:Unit2EnglandaroundtheworldReading

必修一 Unit2 English around the worldReadingTeaching goals 教课目的1. Target language目口号言a.要点词汇和短语include, play a role, because of, international, native, come up, culture, actually, present, vocabulary, usage, identity, such as, rapidlyb.要点句子World Englishes come from those countries... P9Native English speakers can understand each other... P9It became less like German, and more like French... P102. Ability goals能力目标Enable the Ss to describe the history of English and know of the differences between American English and Britain English.3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to analyze the way the author describes the history of English.Teaching important points教课要点Retell the history of English according to the chart.Teaching difficult point教课难点Work together with partners and express one ’s opinion on which kind of English one should learn.Teaching methods 教课方法Discussion.Reading.Listening.Cooperative learning.Teaching aids 教具准备A recorder, a projector and some slides.Teaching procedures & ways教课过程与方式Step I Greeting and revisionT:Good morning / afternoon, boys and girls! First I will check the words and expressions you have previewed.(P11-12 Discovering useful words and phrases part 1, 2, 3, and 4)Teacher shows answers on the screen.T: Please look at the screen and check your answer. Do you have any question?S: Are“ such as” and“ for example” the same?T: OK, I’ ll give you two examples:1.He knows five languages, such as Russian, French and Spanish.2.The differences in the spoken language are greater.S: Oh, I see. Such“as” is used to list similar things, while“ for example” is used to prove the speakers w Ss ask any questions and Teacher explains to them in class.Step II Warming upArouse the Ss’interests in reading. Let the students know of world English.T:So much for the words. Can you name some countries in which English is spoken?Ss: Of course. America, Britain, Canada, Australia...Teacher writes American, British, Canadian, and Australian on the Bb. Then add English to these words.T:Are these Englishes the same?S:I think they are the same. They are all called English.S:I don’t think so. As I know BE and AE are different in spelling, pronunciation and so on.T:Well, turn to page 9. Read the warming up. Please answer the questions below.Ss: (scanning) There is more than one kind of English.T:Please go on reading and try to tell AE words from BE words below.After reading the students give their answers.T:Who will show your answer?S: I think um,“m in a team, rubber, petrol” are BE words“mom,.And on a team, eraser, gas” are AE words.T:Can you give them a name?Ss: World English.T:Very good.Step III Pre-readingActivate the Ss ’background knowledge of English.T:From Warming up we know many people speak English in the world. How many people speak English andwhy do so many people speak English? Please discuss with your partners and answer the questions.A few minutes later.S:Maybe 1000 million people speak English today. Because many countries were colonies of England so Englishis spoken as a first or second language in many countries.S:We can ’t get the exact number. More and more people begin to learn English because English is theworking language in the United Nations. Everywhere children go to school to learn English.T: Excellent! About 1500 million people speak English as their first, second or foreign language. But they’tdon speak the same kind of English.Step IV ReadingGet the students to know the history of English and help the Ss to form a good habit of reading.Point to the Bb.T: How did different kinds of English come about? Please read the text“ The Road to Modern English”and pick out the answer.Ss read quickly to find the answer.T: Any volunteer to answer the question?S: I will. English has changed over time. All languages change when cultures communicated with one another.T: Any different ideas?Well, you all have the same answer.Task1 Reading and choose correct answers.T:Turn to page 10. Please read the questions and multiple answers first to know what information we should get,and then read the passage to find the answer.S:I will. English has the most speakers now.T:Good. What ’s the answer to the second?S:Languages change when cultures change.T: Right. How do you know?S:I judge it, according to the second sentence in the third paragraph.T:Good. Can you choose the right answer to question 3 ?S:Yes. From AD 450 to1150 English sounds more like German.T:Excellent. What about question 4?S:Around 1600 ’s.T:Very good. The last one? Let ’s answer ittogether. Ss: China.T:You are quite right.Task2 Read and summarize the main idea of each paragraph. Work in groups of four.T:Read the text and tell the main idea of each paragraph. After reading, discuss your answer in groups of four.After a few minutes.T: What ’s the main idea of the first paragraph?S1: The first paragraph tells us that more and more people speak English.S2: I don’hinktt so. It describes the extension of English in the world.T: Right. The first paragraph describes the extensive of English in the world. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?S: It tells us native speakers can understand each other but not everything.Let the Ss give an example to prove this point.T: Can you tell me what the third paragraph is about?S:All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. It’s the key sentence of the last two paragraphs. This paragraph tells the development of English as native language.T:Quite right. What about the last paragraph?S:English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.T:How many parts can we divide the text into ?S:Two parts. The first paragraph is the first part, and paragraph 2, 3 and 4 can be part 2.Task3 Analyze the text.T:Please read the text again to tell the main idea of each part and the function of each paragraph. Afterreading please fill in the chart below.DiscussionS1: The first part describes the history of English in chronological order: 16th century-the next century— today.S2: It describes the development of English from the angle of its extension in region. Look, England—many other countries — more people than before (China).S3: I agree with S2.S4: In part two, the author first raises the fact: English has changed over time. Then analyze how English haschanged into world English.T:Are you ready? Which group would like to fill the chart? Group 1 please writes down the main idea of each part. Group 2 please write the function of paragraph 1and2. Group3, the last two paragraphs. The other students check their answers.Sample chart (slide)Part Paragraph FunctionPart1:12Part2:34Suggested answersPart Paragraph FunctionPart1:The extension of English1Describe the development ofin the world English from the angle of itsextension in region.England— many othercountries—more people thanbefore (China).Part2:English changes when2Raise the fact: English hasits culture communicate with developed into world Englishothers3Describe the development ofEnglish in English speakingcountries.4Describe the development ofEnglish in countries where it isspoken as a foreign or secondlanguage.Step V Post-readingCheck the Ss’understanding of the text, help the Ss deal with new language points.Task Express one’s own opinion. Work in groups of four.T:There are many kinds of English. Which kind of English are we learning?Ss: Both AE and BE.Show questions on the screen and ask a student to read them.T: Please discuss these questions and tell us your answers.1.Do you think it matters what kind of English you learn? Why?2.Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?3.Will Chinese English become one of the world English?After a few minutes.T:OK, I ’ ll ask some groups to report their opinions. Group 1, can you tell us your opinion?S:Yes. I think we should learn BE because other kinds of English came from it.T:Any different ideas?S: In my opinion, we can learn any kind of English because people can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.T: Wonderful! What about the second question?S:With the development of economy, it is necessary for people from different countries to communicate witheach other. So we need a language to be work language, while English is the most widely used language. So people all over the world want to learn English.T:Very good! What ’s your opinion?S:I think because of the wide use of computer, people have to learn English. Computer plays an important partin the popularity of English.T:OK. Question 3.Yes or no ?S:My answer is “ yes ”A . large number of Chinese especially young people are learning English. English is communicating with Chinese culture. There will be Chinese English.T:Only time will tell. Now we know English is spoken in so many countries and it plays an important part in the world. If we learn English well, we can listen to English song, read English novels, travel in English speaking countries comfortably and communicate with foreigners easily. Also, it is of great help not only to our own development but also to the development of our country. The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. Let’s work hard and welcome its coming.Question timeT:It ’ s time for you to ask any questions or let me explain the sentences that hinder your understanding of the text. Ss ask questions freely.T:Now let ’s deal with some language points. Turn to page 9. Let ’ s look atthe sentence: However, they may not understand everything. This sentence means that sometimes they can understand each other, but sometimes theyhave difficulty understanding each other. The English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was very differentfrom the English spoken today. In this sentence,“ spoken between about AD 450 and 1150” and“are used to describe the English.HomeworkRetell the text according to the chart.Finish exercises1, 2, 3 (Using words and expressions) P49-50.。

人教版英语必修一unit2 单元教学总设计

人教版英语必修一unit2 单元教学总设计

Unit2 English Around the World课题: English Around the World(1)指导思想与理论依据:本单元的中心话题是“世界英语(English around theworld)”,主要介绍了英语及其在世界上的发展状况(English language and its development)和各种各样带有民族,地域特色的英语(different kinds of English)等具体内容。

语言知识和语言技能等都是围绕“世界英语(English around the world)”这一中心话题展开的。

通过对这一话题的探讨,加强学生对英语语言的了解,对当代语言特别是英语发展趋势的了解。

(2)教材分析:Pre-reading部分设计了三个步骤都与单元主题有关,因此可以引发学生对课文主题的思考,以便参与课堂活动。

这是可以展开简短的讨论,讨论时要鼓励学生独立思考,阐述不同的看法。

Reading部分提供了一篇文章,标题是The Road to Modern English,简要地说明了英语语言的起源,发展变化,形成原因,以及它的发展趋势。

通过这篇文章,使学生了解一些关于英语的知识,了解一点当代语言新趋势和新特点,明确为什么除了英国英语和美国英语,还会有印度英语,加拿大英语等。

以后可能还会有中国英语。

(3)学情分析:学生对于外国文化理解的局限性,对于英语的种类与发展趋势的掌握不是很好,对英语这种语言的起源,发展,以及未来的发展趋势理解不是很透彻。

大多数学生都是从乡镇上来的,应与学习的管道不是很多,和外界接触的少。

导致了县城乃至乡镇的学生对于英语的学习不是很到位。

(4)课时安排:The first period: (speaking) Lead in and new words.The second period: Warming up and Pre-Reading.The third period: Reading and Difficult Points.The forth period: Grammar.The fifth period: Grammar and Practice.The sixth period: Writing.(5)教学安排:①Knowledge aims:1.Get the students to learn the following useful new wordsand expressions in this passage: include, role, international, native, elevator,flat, apartment, rubber, petrol, gas, modern, culture, AD, actually,present(adj.), rule(v.), vocabulary, usage, identity, government, Singapore,Malaysia, rapidly, play a role in, because of, come up, such as. 2. Get thestudents reading ability and let them learn to use some reading strategies suchas skimming, scanning, and so on.②Ability aims: Develop the students reading ability and let them learn to usesome reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, and so on.③Emotional aims: Enable the students to learn about English language andknow different kinds of English so as to communicate with people from different countries.(6)教学重点和难点:本单元需要学习的重点单词为:include, role, international, native, elevator, flat, apartment, rubber, petrol, gas, modern, culture, AD, actually, present(adj.), rule(v.), vocabulary, usage, identity, government, Singapore, Malaysia, rapidly, phrase, candy, lorry, command, request, retell, polite, boss, standard, Midwestern, southern, eastern,recognize, accent, lightning, direction, subway, block.本单元需要重点学习的重点词组为:play a role in, because of, come up, such as, play a part(in).本单元需要学习的重点句型为:1. World English come from those countries, where English plays an important role asa first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language. (the Attributive Clause; either. . . or. . . )2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of En-glish. (even if. . . )3. It became less like German, and more like French because those who ruled England at that time spoke French. (those who. . . )4. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. (the nu mber of+ n. 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式)5. Believe it or not, there is no such a thing as standard English. (Believe it or not, . . . )6. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. (the Attribut ive Clause)7. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn’t made until the time of the Qing Dynasty. (the Attributive Clause; not. . . until. . . )8. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionarie s. (spend. . . in doing sth. )9. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. (while doing. . . )10. We know that languages develop and change over time and that is why we have ne w dictionaries from time to time. (that is why. . . )(8)教学策略: Discussion, student-centered vocabulary, learning, pair work, teach grammar in real situation.(9)教学过程:The first period: (speaking) Lead in and new words.Step1 RevisionAsk some of the students to read his/her answer to class, about how to solve their problems.T: Now, let’s check up your homework foe last class. I’d kike some of you to read your ideas for the class. (Then give some comments.)Step2 Lead-inTo arouse the students’ interest and lead in the topic, Present a funny story to students, give a brief introduction about this unit.Step3 New words learningAnd help students to learn new words, tell them the meaning about these new words and how to use, then ask them read after teacher.Step4 HomeworkAsk students try to read new words fluently after class. Students should read the warming up firstly, and encourage students try to find the answer.The second period: Warming up and Pre-Reading.Step1 ReviewAsk all the class read the new words by themselves, and point out their problem, help them to change the wrong pronunciation. Then let students read after teacher. Step 2 Warming-upThe teacher can organize some activities or ask some questions, such as “How many countries use English as their native language? ”,“Are there any differences bet ween British English and American English? ”.1). Introduction: In China there’re so many dialects that the government encourages the whole nation to speak Putonghua, which is regarded as standard Chinese. Tell the students they are going to answer a question about why they are learning English.2). To ask students write the words: Reasons for learning a foreign language on the center of the board:3). Ask the students to suggest as many reasons as they can think of, for example, for work, as a hobby, to learn about other people, to travel, to read literature in the original, to read research papers, to meet foreigners, to surf the Internet, to pass exams, etc. Write their suggestions on the board as they make them.4). Divide the class into pairs.5). Give out each student one questionnaire paper.6). The students must question each other about their language learning needs (or motivations). Tell them that you are going to take in the question at the end, and that you’d like them to make clear notes. . If they wait till the end to swap, one student may use up all the time available.7). The students write five sentences on their feeling about learning English.8). Collect the questionnaires.Step3 Pre-readingGet the students thinking about the topic of the reading passage.1). Have a student list on the board all the English-speaking countries in the world that they can think of.2). Give the students hints about the places they haven’t mentioned.3). Provide the students with an opportunity to think about the reasons for the spread of English around the world.★English is one of the official languages of the Olympic Games and the United Nations.★English dominates international websites and provides nearly all of the new computer terminology.★Tourism and trade from Western Europe and North America has contributed to the spread of English.★Satellite TV, radio programs like Joy FM, CDs and, of course, Hollywood films all broadcast English into China. Also, a number of Chinese films include English subtitles.Step4 HomeworkStudents will write a short passage by using 5 sentences, to explain why we must learn English.The third period: Reading and Difficult Points.In this part, students should understand the main idea about this paper, and teacher will also explain the difficult points to students, help students think deeper. Step1. SkimmingRead quickly to get the main idea of the text.Help the students find out key sentence of each paragraph or ask them to summarize the main point for each paragraph in their own words.Step2. ScanningRead to locate particular information and complete the comprehending Exercise One.Step3. Following upWork in groups. Discuss the two questions and then ask two groups to report their answers to the class. (如果学生有困难,可以用中文回答,注意引导)1). Do you think it matters what kind of English you learn? Why?2) Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?Step4. Language focus:1) believe it or not: used when you are going to say something that is true but surprising: Believe it or not, John cheated in the exam.2). there is no such a …as: used to say that a particular person or thing does not exist: These days there is no such a thing as a job for life.3). standard English: the form of English that most people in Britain use, and that is not limited to one area or group of people4). dialect: a variety of a language spoken only in one area, in which words, or grammar are slightly different from other forms of the same language5). play a part/role in: be one of the causes that make something happen: Besides dieting, exercising plays an important part in losing weight.6) even if=even though: in spite of the fact; no matter whether: He likes to help us even if he is very busy.7) communicate with: exchange information or conversation with other people: He learnt to use body language to communicate with deaf customers.8) actually=in fact: used when you are adding new information to what you have just said: We’ve known for years. Actually, since we were babies.9) be based on…:10) make use of: use sth. available11) Only time will tell: to say that something can only be known in the future: Will China’s national football team enter for the next finals of the World Cup? Only time will tell.(有可能一个课时说不完,如果说不完的,下一个课时继续讲解)Step 5 HomeworkStudents will have a brief idea about this passage, teacher can ask them try to read the passage by themselves and find out the difficult point and line out the sentences which they can no understand.The forth period: Grammar.This lesson is the most difficult and important part in this unit. Students may feel boring or have no reaction. The teacher should give a simple and interesting example to make students feel relax.Step1 reviewTeacher will read the passage at the beginning of the class. Students can try to follow the teacher.Step2 Important sentences1. World English come from those countries, where English plays an important role asa first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special roleas an international language. (the Attributive Clause; either. . . or. . . )2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of En-glish. (even if. . . )3. It became less like German, and more like French because those who ruled England at that time spoke French. (those who. . . )4. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. (the nu mber of+ n. 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式)5. Believe it or not, there is no such a thing as standard English. (Believe it or not, . . . )6. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. (the Attribut ive Clause)7. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn’t made until the time of the Qing Dynasty. (the Attributive Clause; not. . . until. . . )8. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionarie s. (spend. . . in doing sth. )9. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. (while doing. . . )10. We know that languages develop and change over time and that is why we have ne w dictionaries from time to time. (that is why. . . )The fifth period: Grammar and Practice.Step1ReviewReviewing last class’s grammar and giving new grammar to students. After teacher teach the difficult points and sentences, teacher should discover usefulStep2 PracticeTo ask students to finish practice. To do Comprehending Exercise 1(on Page 10)The sixth period: Writing.According to the several classes, students have arose themselves idea. So after this class, students will have a homework about writing.The teacher may also guide the students to do the writhing task in the Workbook on page 23. You may take the following steps:Step1:Students make a list as follows:Step2: Make notes about the paragraphs for the writing.Step3: The teacher helps develop ideas in a positive and encouraging way.教学反思: 通过学习讨论本单元“世界英语”的话题,使学生了解英语在世界上的发展状况,认识各种各样带有民族、地域特色的英语,并对英国英语和美国英语的差异有所了解,尤其是一些常用词,同时学会应付语言交际困难的表达方法、如何表达要求和请求以及转述别人的要求和请求,减少在实际生活中用英语交流的困难,鼓励学生抓住一切可能的机会用英语进行交流。

人教高中英语 必修一unit2教案

人教高中英语 必修一unit2教案

人教高中英语必修一unit2教案Module 1 Unit 2 English around the world●单元规划本单元主要围绕English around the world这一主题介绍了英语的使用情况、开展情况及各地不同的方言。

第二单元English around the world的设计可分为五局部。

第一局部learn something about words and expressions;第二局部warming up and reading;第三局部the structure which expresses commands and requests;第四局部using language;第五局部 writing and speaking; ●课时安排本单元教学可分为6个课时。

第一课时vocabulary;第二课时为reading;第三课时为language points;第四课时为grammar;第五课时为using language;第六课时为writing and speaking;第七课时为revisionThe First Period Words and expressionsTeaching aims :1. Know the key words and expressions in the whole unit:elevator, petrol, official, voyage, actually, base, identity, command, request, recognize, straight, because of, come up, at present, such as, play a part (in)…… 2. Enable the students to get familiar with the pronunciation of the important words. 3. Prepare for the learning process of the whole unit. Teaching important points :1.Get familiar with the words in the text part.2.Master the important expressions such as:because of, come up, at present, such as, play a part (in)……Teaching methods: Task-based teaching and learning;cooperative-learning; group discussionTeaching procedures :Step 1、Self-directed learning学习方法指导:第一步:写出所给单词的音标;第二步:大声朗读三遍,注意画线字母的发音;第三步:依次写出画线字母的音标。

高中语文必修一第二单元教学设计 人教课标版优质教案

高中语文必修一第二单元教学设计 人教课标版优质教案

必修第二单元教学设计第组:李慧琴石峰张宇红骆铁路杨海燕王颖韩文佳曹扬一、了解本单元的编写意图本单元包括三篇课文:《烛之武退秦师》(选自《左传》)、《荆轲刺秦王》(选自《战国策》)、《鸿门宴》(司马迁)。

三篇均属于历史散文,是千古流传的叙事名篇。

先秦历史散文内容丰富,形式多样,有编年体的《左传》,有国别体的《国语》、《战国策》等。

它们保存了春秋战国时期的大量史料,又是我国叙事散文的源头,具有很高的文学价值。

《史记》是我国第一部纪传体通史,是“史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚”。

选文意在使学生通过这一单元的学习,了解自己民族的文化,积累相关文化常识和文言知识;并从中领略古人的才华和品德,欣赏和借鉴叙事的艺术,体会作品中蕴涵的民族精神,汲取民族智慧,培养学生对中华传统文化的尊崇感。

本单元课文在内容和形式上都有相同或形似的地方。

三篇文章都通过叙事来刻画人物形象:叙事都能做到生动曲折,波澜起伏;所描写的人物都有才华,有个性,有中国传统道德的“义”为思想核心;人物刻画栩栩如生,且能以语言、行动、细节描写突出人物个性,展现人物特征,而作者绝不出来下一按语。

而这些正是中国古代叙事文学的突出特征,对中国文学的发展有着极大的影响。

但三篇又各具特色:《烛之武退秦师》一文在完整地叙述晋秦从围郑到退兵的全过程同时,重点写烛之武的言辞,表现他的机智,文章刻画的是一个“辩士”形象,所以“品味人物语言”是该课的重点;《荆轲刺秦王》记叙了燕太子丹派荆轲去刺杀秦王的全过程,再现了荆轲向秦王献图和血染秦廷的壮烈场面,塑造了荆轲这样一个有勇有谋的“侠士”形象,所以“欣赏人物心理描写、场景描写、细节描写”是该文的突破口;《鸿门宴》记叙项羽和刘邦斗争中的一次有重大意义的宴会,突出了矛盾斗争的尖锐和激烈,通过对这次宴会全过程的描写,塑造了一个性格复杂丰满的“将帅”形象,在尖锐激烈的矛盾冲突中表现人物形象,将故事发展写得波澜起伏,曲折有致是本文写人叙事的突出特点。

人教版高中语文必修一第二单元教学设计讲课教案

人教版高中语文必修一第二单元教学设计讲课教案

人教版高中语文必修一第二单元授课方案一、单元任务解析1.本单元在整本教材中的地位作用及主要内容:本单元学习的是古代记述散文,有记政治、外交的风云变化,有记优异人物的嘉言懿行,学习本单元既可以从中领悟祖先的才华和道德,又可以欣赏和借鉴叙事的艺术。

帮助学生掌握阅读古文的基本技巧及叙事艺术表现手法,引导学生思虑、领悟,以便为后续学习应用性文章打基础,全面提升学生的语言运用能力。

2.本单元在整套教材系统中的地位与作用:从整本教材来看,教材的编排重视全面提升学生的语言运用能力。

而本单元学习的这些文言基础知识与能力都是阅读鉴赏古文必不可以少的装备,是学生学习整套高中语文教材中古文知识的基础部分,更是学生全面提升语言运用能力的重点学习任务。

所以以本单元为打破口,锻炼学生纲要钩玄的能力,加强学生语言运用能力,为今后学习各样文章确定文学基础,从而提升学生的语文涵养和语文能力。

3.学生情况解析 :对于初中到高中的过分问题我们必然要掌握好,怎样引起学生学习古文的兴趣,突出重点、打破难点、达到授课目的。

这需要老师站在学生的立场考虑问题,学生的本质情况是授课的出发点和起点。

想方法把抽象繁琐的知识详尽简单化,让学生多读、多思虑、多总结。

二、授课目的1.三维目标(整体目标):(1)知识目标:认识《左转》《战国策》《史记》等的文学知识;掌握基本的文言文知识,比方:课文中出现的词类活用、一词多义、通假字、古今异义字、特别句式等。

(2)能力目标:掌握纲要钩玄的阅读方法,概括文章的故事情节;引导学生领悟古代散文的语言魅力和叙事艺术。

(3)感情目标:让学生正确认识历史,客观谈论人物性格特点。

2.详尽推行(分目标):《烛之武退秦师》:认识《左转》有关的文学知识;重视学习本篇文章中优异的人物语言——说理透辟,善于辞令,以及起伏跌宕,生动爽朗的情节。

让学生可以理清思路,简单概括故事情节。

《荆轲刺秦王》:认识《战国策》有关的文学知识;重视解析荆轲这一英雄人物的性格特点。

人教版高一英语必修一unit2教案

人教版高一英语必修一unit2教案

人教版高一英语必修一Unit 2教案教学目标:1. 知识目标:学习并运用情态动词的被动语态的基本用法及一些固定句型。

2. 能力目标:提高运用知识的能力。

3. 德育目标:了解一些关于环境保护的常识,树立学生的环保意识。

教学内容和过程:一、Warming-up (热身)1. 教师放录音,学生回答书本上的问题。

[设计意图]:通过听力训练,一方面提高学生的听力,另一方面为对话的学习做好铺垫。

2. 学生展示自己制作的图片,用英语介绍自己的作品。

[设计意图]:展示自己的作品,一方面可以提高学生的兴趣,另一方面为下一步的对话学习作准备。

二、Presentation (呈现)1. 教师出示图片,介绍一家手工艺品店。

引出新词:craftsmen, artisan, introduce, showcase 等。

[设计意图]:出示图片,介绍商店及新词汇,为下一步的学习扫清语言障碍。

2. 教师介绍新词汇:have got to, be in the habit of等。

并领读。

[设计意图]:使这些重要的情态动词呈现出来,并教读。

3. 呈现并学习新的句型结构:The craftsmen have to work hard to improve their skills. We must protect our environment. The sculpture is made of recycled materials. The artisan has to follow certain rules and regulations. We should not damage the showcase. 等。

并领读。

[设计意图]:呈现新的句型,为下一步的学习扫清语言障碍。

4. 教师介绍本单元的主题——环境保护和生态平衡。

通过讨论和观看一段录象帮助学生熟悉这些句型。

然后让学生试着使用这些句型进行口头表达。

教师进行点评。

[设计意图]:这一环节通过引导学生对环境保护这一话题进行讨论,使他们形成对环保问题的正确认识,增强他们的环保意识,同时熟悉并运用新句型。

2024年人教版高一英语必修一unit2教案

2024年人教版高一英语必修一unit2教案

2024年人教版高一英语必修一unit2教案一、教学目标知识与技能学生能够掌握本单元的基本词汇和表达,包括描述人物特征、爱好、日常活动等。

学生能够熟练运用本单元的重点句型,进行简单的自我介绍和询问他人信息。

学生能够理解并运用本单元的阅读材料,获取文章中的关键信息。

过程与方法培养学生通过合作学习,共同解决问题的能力。

鼓励学生通过小组讨论、角色扮演等方式,积极参与课堂活动,提高英语应用能力。

引导学生在完成课堂任务的过程中,学会自主学习和探究学习。

情感、态度和价值观激发学生学习英语的兴趣和热情,增强他们的自信心。

帮助学生树立积极向上的学习态度,鼓励他们勇敢面对挑战。

培养学生的跨文化意识,使他们能够尊重并理解不同文化背景的人。

二、教学重点和难点教学重点本单元的重点词汇和表达,如描述人物特征的形容词、谈论日常活动的动词短语等。

本单元的重点句型,如使用“be good at”谈论某人的特长,使用“spend time doing sth.”描述日常活动等。

阅读材料的理解和应用,包括从文章中提取关键信息、理解作者的意图等。

教学难点对于某些生僻词汇的理解和记忆。

对于某些复杂句型的掌握和运用。

在阅读材料中,对于深层含义和文化背景的理解。

三、教学过程导入新课通过展示一些图片或视频,引导学生讨论图片中的人物特征、活动等,激发他们的兴趣和好奇心。

提出一些与本单元主题相关的问题,让学生思考并回答,为后续的学习做好铺垫。

词汇和句型学习教师呈现本单元的生词和短语,并解释其意义和用法。

通过例句和练习,让学生熟悉并掌握本单元的重点句型。

鼓励学生运用新学的词汇和句型进行自我介绍或描述他人,以检验他们的掌握情况。

阅读理解教师引导学生阅读本单元的阅读材料,并帮助他们理解文章的大意和细节。

通过提问和讨论的方式,让学生分析文章的结构、作者的意图以及文章中的深层含义。

鼓励学生将阅读材料与自己的生活经历联系起来,进行拓展思考和表达。

语法讲解与练习教师对本单元的语法知识进行系统讲解,包括时态、语态、非谓语动词等。

高中语文 第二单元复习教案 新人教版必修1-新人教版高一必修1语文教案

高中语文 第二单元复习教案 新人教版必修1-新人教版高一必修1语文教案

人教版语文必修一第二单元复习教案教学时间:3课时教学过程:一、单元梳理本单元三篇课文都是古代记叙散文,或记政治外交上的风云变幻,或记杰出人物的嘉言懿行。

《烛之武退秦师》选自编年体史书《左传》,它的叙事艺术和记言艺术具有很高的文学价值。

烛之武善于利用矛盾,分化瓦解敌人,说辞委婉多姿,谨严而周密,从而只身说退秦师,维护了国家的安全。

《荆轲刺秦王》选自国别体史书《战国策》,它成功地塑造了一个重义轻生、沉着勇敢、机智刚毅、反抗强暴的侠义形象。

自刎报国、易水送别、献图行刺等情节,出人意表,慷慨悲壮。

文中的形态描写和细节描写生动传神。

《鸿门宴》选自记传体史书《史记》,它的故事情节跌宕起伏,扣人心弦。

通过人物间的矛盾和斗争以及人物个性化的语言、行动、情态等刻画了人物的性格,同时,巧妙地运用了对照手法,将项羽、X邦两位英雄人物写得如闻其声,如见其人。

学习古代记叙散文,要重视反复朗读以培养语感,从而增进对课文的理解。

要学习运用提要钩玄的阅读方法,学会抓住关键词语,理清文章的叙事脉络,理解和概括文章的思想内容。

要不断积累文言实词、虚词的用法和含义,掌握一些常见文言句式的特点和用法,领会它的规律性和灵活性,从而获得阅读浅易文言文的能力。

二、复习《烛之武退秦师》〔一〕、复习目标1. 了解《左传》这部编年体史书的基本情况及其在文学史上的地位。

2. 理解掌握文中的文言实词和虚词的意义及用法、把握文言句式。

3. 熟读成诵,在理解课文内容的基础上赏识人物形象及写作技巧。

〔二〕、课文整体感知1. 解说文题晋、秦要攻打X国,X国大夫烛之武凭借其雄辩的才华,从当时形势出发,利用秦晋之间的矛盾,说服秦穆公,使秦军撤退,从而最终保全了X国。

“退〞,“使……退却〞的意思。

2. 明了背景鲁僖公三十年〔公元前630年〕,秦、晋攻打X国。

在这之前,X国有两件事得罪了晋国。

一是晋文公当年逃亡路过X国时,X国没有以礼相待。

二是在公元前632年的晋、楚城濮之战中,X国曾出兵帮助楚国,结果,城濮之战以楚国失败而告终。

人教版必修一第二单元教案(精心设计)

人教版必修一第二单元教案(精心设计)

Unit 2 English around the world一、重点词汇1. present adj. 出席的,在场的,现在的be present at 出席vt. 出席,颁发,展现n. 现在,礼品at present 目前,现在2. actually adv.实际上;事实上= in fact = as a matter of fact3. command n.& v.命令;指令;掌握command sb. to do sth命令某人做某事command that sb (should) do命令某人做某事have a good command of精通1) She has ________very good command of the English language.2) He commanded me________ (leave) at once.3) He commanded that I _________________ (leave) at once.答案:1)a 2)to leave 3)(should)leave4. requestrequest sb to do sth要求某人做某事request that sb (should) do sth 要求某人做某事1)He requested me ________ (write) a letter of recommendation.2)He requested that I ________________(write) a letter of recommendation.答案:1)to write 2)(should) write联想:像command一样,其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有:一个“坚持(insist)”;两个“命令(order,command)”;三个“建议(suggest,advise,propose)”;四个“要求(demand,ask,require,request)”;辨析:5. recognize vt. 辨认出;承认;公认6. include vt. 包括1) Ten students will pay a visit to the Science Museum, Tom and John included.2) Ten students will pay a visit to the Science Museum, including Tom and John.7. straight adj.笔直的;正直的adv. 直接;挺直8. block n. 街区;木块;石块9. fluent/ fluently10. frequent/ frequently11. voyage n. 航行;航海二、重点短语1. come up走近;上来;提出come up with想出;提出come up to走近某人;达到;合乎(标准);1)The water _____________ my neck.2)The boy _____________ a new idea of solving the problem.3)He __________ the policeman and asked the way.答案:1) come up to 2) come up with 3) come up tocome across偶然遇见come ture 实现;达到come over 克服come about发生come out 出版;开花;结果是2. make use of利用;使用3. make sense 有道理,讲得通,有意义4. even if 即使5. such as例如;像这种的1)Some students, ___________ John, lives in the neighborhood.2)I visited several cities ________ New York, Chicago and Boston.3)He knows three foreign languages, ___________ English, French and Japanese.答案:1) for example 2) such as 3) that is6. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色;参与7. because of因为;由于用because 或because of填空1)He came late to school again _______ he got up too late.2)The girl cried __________ what the teacher said.3)we have to cancel our trip _________ the bad weather.答案:1)because 2)because of 3)because of8. a number of+复数名词“若干;许多”the number o f+复数名词“……的数量The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them ________absent for different reasons.A. wereB. was答案:BA9. believe it or not 信不信由你to tell (you)the truth (跟你)说实话to be honest 老实说judging from/by 从……来判断generally speaking 一般来说in other words 换句话说in a word 总之what’s more 另外;而且what’s worse 更糟的是。

人教版高中必修一(教案)Unit 2 Travelling Around-Listening and

人教版高中必修一(教案)Unit 2 Travelling Around-Listening and

Unit 2 Travelling Around-Listening and Speaking &Listening and Talking【教学目标与核心素养】1. Instruct students to get main facts by listening and motivate them to talk about the topics about how to prepare for the trip and make reservations by listening and ultimately can make travel arrangements and reservations.2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability.3. Develop students’ different listening skills to solve different listening comprehensive problems.4. Help students to understand how to use the structures “the present continuous tense (be doing) is used to express future plans.【教学重难点】1. Teach students how to focus on key words, not on single words or grammar.2. Prompt Ss to talk about the related topics, such as how to prepare for the trip and make a travel plan.【教学过程】Step 1: Listening and SpeakingLead inThe teacher is advised to talk with their students about the places that they want to travel most both at home and abroad: boys and girls, if you have a chance to travel around the world, where will you go? After their small talk, the teacher can move on by finishing the following listening task:Before travelling, what do we need to prepare for the trip?After finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to play Conversation 1 which is about Paul and Meilin’s conversation about coming holiday and after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following task.1. Circle the two places Meilin is going to for holiday.A. Germany.B. England.C. Iceland.D. France.2. How is she going to get there?A. By sea.B. By air. C .By train.3 How is she planning to get around after she arrives?A .By car. B. By train. C. On foot.After finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to play Conversation 2 which is about where and why Paul is visiting with his family and after finishing listening, the students need to solve the following task.Listen to Conversation 2. Then answer the following questions:1. Where is Paul's family going over the holiday?2. Why are they going there?After finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to play Conversation 3 which contains the whole conversation and solve the following task.Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWork in pairs. Choose a travel destination and discuss how to prepare for the trip.PronunciationHave the Ss listen and repeat. Then try to add more words to each group.Then listen to the sentences below. Let the Ss notice the pronunciation of the letters in bold.Step 2: Listening and TalkingTeacher talks with their students about the related topic: Boys and girls, do you know how to make reservations for a trip? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and answer the following questions:1. What are the two speakers talking about?2. What is the relationship between the two speakers?Listen again and complete the table with the words you hear.Making reservationsTalking projectWork in groups.Imagine you are making plans for the holiday. Choose one of the situations below and role-play a phone call with a partner.活动目的:教育学生懂得“水”这一宝贵资源对于我们来说是极为珍贵的,每个人都要保护它,做到节约每一滴水,造福子孙万代。

人教版语文必修一全册教案-第二单元

人教版语文必修一全册教案-第二单元

必修①第二单元教案红星中学高一备课组烛之武退秦师备课人:林敏菲【教学目标】1、理解“以、而、焉”3个词语。

归纳本文的文言知识。

2、在掌握字词的基础上熟读成诵。

3、培养学生初步鉴赏文言文的能力。

4、学习古人国难当头、不计个人安危得失、顾全大局的精神。

【教学重难点】1、积累相关文言知识。

2、本文详略得当、波澜起伏、善于运用伏笔和照应的写作技巧。

【教学方法】 1、朗读法2、问答法【教学时数】两课时【教学准备】多媒体【教学过程】第一课时[教学要点]熟读课文的基础上,积累学习文言文的一些方法。

一:导入课文,!)1995年,著名科学家钱学森冲破重重阻挠回国,当时美国的海军处长金波尔说:“我宁可把这家伙枪毙了,也不让他离开美国,无论他在哪里,都抵得上五个师。

”这个故事可谓是“一夫敌百万之师”的现代版。

其实,在中国历史上曾有过无数这样的人物:张仪、苏秦、诸葛亮。

今天我们将去拜访他们的“祖师”,请同学们翻到《烛之武退秦师》。

2)《论语》子路篇中说“一言以丧邦,一言以兴邦”,古代有很多有名的谋士如魏征劝谏唐太宗、邹忌讽齐王、触龙说赵太后,这些人都是国家的名臣,今天我们一起来认识另一位为国努力的谋士烛之武。

二作者及背景简介。

1、请学生读注释1,《左传》善于描写战争和记述外交辞令,记事条理清楚,详略得当;写人简洁生动,人物形象栩栩如生,是历代散文的典范。

《左传》的别名《左氏春秋》、《春秋左氏传》《春秋》三传《左传》《公羊传》《谷梁传》因为《左传》和《公羊传》《谷梁传》都是为解说《春秋》而作,所以它们又被称作“春秋三传”。

2 秦晋围郑背景(适时补充给学生)。

秦、晋围郑发生在公元前630年。

此前,郑有两事得罪了晋国:其一,晋文公重耳当年逃亡路过郑国时,郑国没有以礼相待;其二,晋楚城濮之战中,郑国出兵帮的是楚国,而此役楚国失败。

晋国为什么要联合秦国围攻郑国呢?这是因为,秦国当时也要争夺霸权,也需要向外扩张。

发生在公元前632年的城濮之战,事实上是两大军事集团之间的战争。

人教版高中数学必修一第二章教案和练习

人教版高中数学必修一第二章教案和练习

高中数学必修一第二章教案和练习§2.1.1 指数与指数幂的运算(1)学习目标1. 了解指数函数模型背景及实用性、必要性;2. 了解根式的概念及表示方法;3. 理解根式的运算性质.学习过程一、课前准备(预习教材P 48~ P 50,找出疑惑之处)复习1:正方形面积公式为 ;正方体的体积公式为 .复习2:(初中根式的概念)如果一个数的平方等于a ,那么这个数叫做a 的 ,记作 ; 如果一个数的立方等于a ,那么这个数叫做a 的 ,记作 .二、新课导学※ 学习探究探究任务一:指数函数模型应用背景探究下面实例及问题,了解指数指数概念提出的背景,体会引入指数函数的必要性.实例1. 某市人口平均年增长率为1.25℅,1990年人口数为a 万,则x 年后人口数为多少万?实例2. 给一张报纸,先实验最多可折多少次?你能超过8次吗?计算:若报纸长50cm ,宽34cm ,厚0.01mm ,进行对折x 次后,求对折后的面积与厚度?问题1:国务院发展研究中心在2000年分析,我国未来20年GDP (国内生产总值)年平均增长率达7.3℅, 则x 年后GDP 为2000年的多少倍?问题2:生物死亡后,体内碳14每过5730年衰减一半(半衰期),则死亡t 年后体内碳14的含量P 与死亡时碳14关系为57301()2t P . 探究该式意义?小结:实践中存在着许多指数函数的应用模型,如人口问题、银行存款、生物变化、自然科学.探究任务二:根式的概念及运算考察: 2(2)4±=,那么2±就叫4的 ;3327=,那么3就叫27的 ;4(3)81±=,那么3±就叫做81的 .依此类推,若n x a =,,那么x 叫做a 的 .新知:一般地,若n x a =,那么x 叫做a 的n 次方根 ( n th root ),其中1n >,n *∈N .例如:328=2=.反思:当n 为奇数时, n 次方根情况如何?33=-, 记:x =当n 为偶数时,正数的n 次方根情况?例如:81的4次方根就是 ,记:.强调:负数没有偶次方根;0的任何次方根都是00=.试试:4b a =,则a 的4次方根为 ;3b a =,则a 的3次方根为 .新知:根式(radical ),这里n 叫做根指数(radical exponent ),a 叫做被开方数(radicand ).试试:计算2.反思:从特殊到一般,n结论:n a =. 当n a =;当n (0)||(0)a a a a a ≥⎧=⎨-<⎩.※ 典型例题例1求下类各式的值:(1) ; (2) ;(3; (4)a b <).变式:计算或化简下列各式.(1 (2推广:=(a ≥0).※ 动手试试练1.练2. 化简三、总结提升※ 学习小结1. n 次方根,根式的概念;2. 根式运算性质.※ 知识拓展1. 整数指数幂满足不等性质:若0a >,则0n a >.2. 正整数指数幂满足不等性质:① 若1a >,则;② 若01a <<,则01n a <<. 其中n ∈N *.1. ).A. 3B. -3C. ±3D. 812. 625的4次方根是( ).A. 5B. -5C. ±5D. 253. 化简2是( ).A. b -B. bC. b ±D. 1b4. = .5. 计算:31. 计算:(1(2)2. 计算34a a-⨯和3(8)a+-,它们之间有什么关系?你能得到什么结论?3. 对比()n n nab a b=与()n nna ab b=,你能把后者归入前者吗?§2.1.1 指数与指数幂的运算(2)1. 理解分数指数幂的概念;2. 掌握根式与分数指数幂的互化;3. 掌握有理数指数幂的运算.一、课前准备(预习教材P50~ P53,找出疑惑之处)复习1:一般地,若n x a=,则x叫做a的,其中1n>,n*∈N. 简记为:.像的式子就叫做,具有如下运算性质:n= ;= ;= .(1)m n a a = ;(2)()m n a = ;(3)()n ab = .二、新课导学※ 学习探究探究任务:分数指数幂引例:a >01025a a ==,则类似可得= ;23a = = .新知:规定分数指数幂如下*(0,,,1)mna a m n N n =>∈>; *1(0,,,1)mnmn a a m n N n a -==>∈>.试试:(1)将下列根式写成分数指数幂形式:= ; = ;= (0,)a m N *>∈.(2)求值:238; 255; 436-; 52a -.反思:① 0的正分数指数幂为 ;0的负分数指数幂为 .② 分数指数幂有什么运算性质?小结:规定了分数指数幂的意义后,指数的概念就从整数指数推广到了有理数指数,那么整数指数幂的运算性质也同样可以推广到有理数指数幂.指数幂的运算性质: (0,0,,a b r s Q >>∈)r a ·r r s a a +=; ()r s rs a a =; ()r r s ab a a =.※ 典型例题例1 求值:2327;4316-; 33()5-;2325()49-.变式:化为根式.例2 用分数指数幂的形式表示下列各式(0)b >:(1)2b b ; (2)533b b ; (3例3 计算(式中字母均正): (1)211511336622(3)(8)(6)a b a b a b -÷-; (2)311684()m n .小结:例2,运算性质的运用;例3,单项式运算.例4 计算:(1334a a(0)a >; (2)312103652(2)()m n m n --÷- (,)m n N *∈;(3)÷小结:在进行指数幂的运算时,一般地,化指数为正指数,化根式为分数指数幂,对含有指数式或根式的乘除运算,还要善于利用幂的运算法则.反思:①② 无理数指数幂(0,)a a αα>是无理数是一个确定的实数.实数指数幂的运算性质如何?练1. 把851323x --⎫⎪⎪⎝⎭化成分数指数幂.练2. 计算:(1443327; (2三、总结提升 学习小结①分数指数幂的意义;②分数指数幂与根式的互化;③有理指数幂的运算性质.知识拓展放射性元素衰变的数学模型为:0t m m e λ-=,其中t 表示经过的时间,0m 表示初始质量,衰减后的质量为m ,λ为正的常数.1. 若0a >,且,m n 为整数,则下列各式中正确的是( ).A. m m n na a a ÷= B. m n mn a a a ⋅= C. ()nm m n a a += D. 01n n a a -÷= 2. 化简3225的结果是( ).A. 5B. 15C. 25D. 1253. 计算(122--⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦的结果是( ).A B . C.2 D .2- 4. 化简2327-= .5. 若102,104m n ==,则3210m n -= .1. 化简下列各式:(1)3236()49; (2.2.1⎛-⎝.§2.1.1 指数与指数幂的运算(练习)1. 掌握n次方根的求解;2. 会用分数指数幂表示根式;3. 掌握根式与分数指数幂的运算.一、课前准备(复习教材P48~ P53,找出疑惑之处)复习1:什么叫做根式? 运算性质?像的式子就叫做,具有性质:n=;=;= .复习2:分数指数幂如何定义?运算性质?①mna=;mna-=. 其中*0,,,1a m n N n>∈>②r sa a =;()r sa=;()sab=.复习3:填空.①n为时,(0)||...........(0)xxx≥⎧==⎨<⎩.②求下列各式的值:= ;=;= ;= ;= ;=;= .二、新课导学典型例题例1 已知1122a a-+=3,求下列各式的值:(1)1a a-+;(2)22a a-+;(3)33221122a aa a----.小结:①平方法;②乘法公式;③根式的基本性质=(a≥0)等.注意,a≥0十分重要,无此条件则公式不成立. .变式:已知11223a a--=,求:(1)1122a a-+;(2)3322a a--.例2从盛满1升纯酒精的容器中倒出13升,然后用水填满,再倒出13升,又用水填满,这样进行5次,则容器中剩下的纯酒精的升数为多少?变式:n次后?小结:① 方法:摘要→审题;探究 → 结论; ② 解应用问题四步曲:审题→建模→解答→作答. ※ 动手试试练1. 化简:11112244()()x y x y -÷-.练2. 已知x +x -1=3,求下列各式的值.(1)1122x x -+; (2)3322x x -+.练3. 已知12(),0x f x x x π=⋅>.三、总结提升 学习小结1. 根式与分数指数幂的运算;2. 乘法公式的运用.知识拓展1. 立方和差公式:3322()()a b a b a ab b +=+-+;3322()()a b a b a ab b -=-++.2. 完全立方公式:33223()33a b a a b ab b +=+++;33223()33a b a a b ab b -=-+-.1.).A. B. C. 3 D. 729 2. 354a a (a >0)的值是( ).A. 1B. aC. 15a D. 1710a3. 下列各式中成立的是( ).A .1777()n n m m= B .C 34()x y =+D .4. 化简3225()4-= . 5. 化简2115113366221()(3)()3a b a b a b -÷= .课后作业1. 已知32x a b --=+, .2. 2n a =时, 实数a 和整数n 所应满足的条件.§2.1.2 指数函数及其性质(1)学习目标1. 了解指数函数模型的实际背景,认识数学与现实生活及其他学科的联系;3. 能画出具体指数函数的图象,掌握指数函数的性质(单调性、特殊点).学习过程一、课前准备(预习教材P 54~ P 57,找出疑惑之处)复习1:零指数、负指数、分数指数幂怎样定义的?(1)0a = ;(2)n a -= ;(3)m n a = ;m na -= .其中*0,,,1a m n N n >∈>复习2:有理指数幂的运算性质.(1)m n a a = ;(2)()m n a = ;(3)()n ab = .二、新课导学 学习探究探究任务一:指数函数模型思想及指数函数概念实例:A .细胞分裂时,第一次由1个分裂成2个,第2次由2个分裂成4个,第3次由4个分裂成8个,如此下去,如果第x 次分裂得到y 个细胞,那么细胞个数y 与次数x 的函数关系式是什么?B .一种放射性物质不断变化成其他物质,每经过一年的残留量是原来的84%,那么以时间x 年为自变量,残留量y 的函数关系式是什么?讨论:上面的两个函数有什么共同特征?底数是什么?指数是什么?新知:一般地,函数(0,1)x y a a a =>≠且叫做指数函数(exponential function ),其中x 是自变量,函数的定义域为R .反思:为什么规定a >0且a ≠1呢?否则会出现什么情况呢?试试:举出几个生活中有关指数模型的例子?探究任务二:指数函数的图象和性质引言:你能类比前面讨论函数性质时的思路,提出研究指数函数性质的内容和方法吗?回顾:研究方法:画出函数图象,结合图象研究函数性质.研究内容:定义域、值域、特殊点、单调性、最大(小)值、奇偶性.作图:在同一坐标系中画出下列函数图象: 1()2x y =, 2x y =讨论:(1)函数2x y =与1()2x y =的图象有什么关系?如何由2x y =的图象画出1()2x y =的图象?(2)根据两个函数的图象的特征,归纳出这两个指数函数的性质. 变底数为3或13后呢?a >1 0<a <1图象性 质 (1)定义域:R(2)值域:(0,+∞)(3)过点(0,1),即x =0时,y =1(4)在 R 上是增函数 (4)在R 上是减函数典型例题例1函数()x f x a =(0,1a a >≠且)的图象过点(2,)π,求(0)f ,(1)f -,(1)f 的值.小结:①确定指数函数重要要素是 ;② 待定系数法.例2比较下列各组中两个值的大小:(1)0.60.52,2; (2)2 1.50.9,0.9-- ;(3)0.5 2.12.1,0.5 ; (4)231-与.小结:利用单调性比大小;或间接利用中间数.练1. 已知下列不等式,试比较m 、n 的大小:(1)22()()33m n >; (2) 1.1 1.1m n <.练2. 比较大小:(1)0.70.90.80.8,0.8, 1.2a b c ===;(2)01, 2.50.4,-0.22-, 1.62.5.三、总结提升学习小结①指数函数模型应用思想;②指数函数概念;③指数函数的图象与性质;③单调法.知识拓展因为(01)x y a a a =>≠,且的定义域是R , 所以()(01)f x y a a a =>≠,且的定义域与()f x 的定义域相同. 而()(01)x y a a a ϕ=>≠,且的定义域,由()y t ϕ=的定义域确定.学习评价自我评价 你完成本节导学案的情况为( ).A. 很好B. 较好C. 一般D. 较差当堂检测(时量:5分钟 满分:10分)计分:1. 函数2(33)x y a a a =-+是指数函数,则a 的值为( ).A. 1B. 2C. 1或2D. 任意值2. 函数f (x )=21x a -+ (a >0,a ≠1)的图象恒过定点( ).A. (0,1)B. (0,2)C. (2,1)D. (2,2)3. 指数函数①()x f x m =,②()x g x n =满足不等式 01m n <<<,则它们的图象是( ).4. 比较大小:23( 2.5)- 45( 2.5)-.5. 函数1()19x y =-的定义域为 . 课后作业1. 求函数y =1151x x --的定义域.2. 探究:在[m ,n ]上,()(01)x f x a a a =>≠且值域?§2.1.2 指数函数及其性质(2)学习目标1. 熟练掌握指数函数概念、图象、性质;2. 掌握指数型函数的定义域、值域,会判断其单调性;3. 培养数学应用意识.学习过程一、课前准备(预习教材P 57~ P 60,找出疑惑之处)复习1:指数函数的形式是 ,复习2:在同一坐标系中,作出函数图象的草图:2x y =,1()2x y =,5x y =,1()5x y =, 10x y =,1()10x y =.思考:指数函数的图象具有怎样的分布规律?二、新课导学典型例题例1我国人口问题非常突出,在耕地面积只占世界7%的国土上,却养育着22%的世界人口.因此,中国的人口问题是公认的社会问题.2000年第五次人口普查,中国人口已达到13亿,年增长率约为1%.为了有效地控制人口过快增长,实行计划生育成为我国一项基本国策.(1)按照上述材料中的1%的增长率,从2000年起,x 年后我国的人口将达到2000年的多少倍?(2)从2000年起到2020年我国人口将达到多少?小结:学会读题摘要;掌握从特殊到一般的归纳法.试试:2007年某镇工业总产值为100亿,计划今后每年平均增长率为8%, 经过x 年后的总产值为原来的多少倍?多少年后产值能达到120亿?小结:指数函数增长模型.设原有量N ,每次的增长率为p ,则经过x 次增长后的总量y = . 我们把形如x y ka = (,0,1)k R a a ∈>≠且的函数称为指数型函数.例2 求下列函数的定义域、值域:(1)21x y =+; (2)y = (3)110.4x y -=.变式:单调性如何?小结:单调法、基本函数法、图象法、观察法.试试:求函数y =.练1. 求指数函数212x y +=的定义域和值域,并讨论其单调性.练2. 已知下列不等式,比较,m n 的大小.(1)33m n <; (2)0.60.6m n >;(3)(1)m n a a a >> ;(4) (01)m n a a a <<<.练3. 一片树林中现有木材30000 m 3,如果每年增长5%,经过x 年树林中有木材y m 3,写出x ,y 间的函数关系式,并利用图象求约经过多少年,木材可以增加到40000m 3.三、总结提升学习小结1. 指数函数应用模型(,01)x y ka k R a a =∈>≠且;2. 定义域与值域;知识拓展形如()(01)f x y a a a =>≠,且的函数值域的研究,先求得()f x 的值域,再根据t a 的单调性,列出简单的指数不等式,得出所求值域,注意不能忽视()0f x y a =>. 而形如()(01)x y a a a ϕ=>≠,且的函数值域的研究,易知0x a >,再结合函数()t ϕ进行研究. 在求值域的过程中,配合一些常用求值域的方法,例如观察法、单调性法、图象法等.1. 如果函数y =a x (a >0,a ≠1)的图象与函数y =b x (b >0,b ≠1)的图象关于y 轴对称,则有( ).A. a >bB. a <bC. ab =1D. a 与b 无确定关系2. 函数f (x )=3-x -1的定义域、值域分别是( ).A. R , RB. R , (0,)+∞C. R ,(1,)-+∞D.以上都不对3. 设a 、b 均为大于零且不等于1的常数,则下列说法错误的是( ).A. y =a x 的图象与y =a -x 的图象关于y 轴对称B. 函数f (x )=a 1-x (a >1)在R 上递减C. 若a 2>a 21-,则a >1D. 若2x >1,则1x >4. 比较下列各组数的大小:122()5- 320.4-(); 0.763() 0.753-(). 5. 在同一坐标系下,函数y =a x ,y =b x , y =c x , y =d x 的图象如右图,则a 、b 、c 、d 、1之间从小到大的顺序是 .课后作业1. 已知函数f (x )=a -221x +(a ∈R ),求证:对任何a R ∈, f (x )为增函数.2. 求函数2121x x y -=+的定义域和值域,并讨论函数的单调性、奇偶性.§2.2.1 对数与对数运算(1)学习目标1. 理解对数的概念;3. 掌握对数式与指数式的相互转化.学习过程一、课前准备(预习教材P 62~ P 64,找出疑惑之处)复习1:庄子:一尺之棰,日取其半,万世不竭.(1)取4次,还有多长?(2)取多少次,还有0.125尺?复习2:假设2002年我国国民生产总值为a 亿元,如果每年平均增长8%,那么经过多少年国民生产 是2002年的2倍? (只列式)二、新课导学学习探究探究任务:对数的概念问题:截止到1999年底,我国人口约13亿. 如果今后能将人口年平均增长率控制在1%,那么多少年后人口数可达到18亿,20亿,30亿?讨论:(1)问题具有怎样的共性?(2)已知底数和幂的值,求指数怎样求呢?例如:由1.01x m =,求x .新知:一般地,如果x a N =(0,1)a a >≠,那么数 x 叫做以a 为底 N 的对数(logarithm ).记作 log a x N =,其中a 叫做对数的底数,N 叫做真数试试:将复习2及问题中的指数式化为对数式.新知:我们通常将以10为底的对数叫做常用对数(common logarithm ),并把常用对数log N 简记为lg Nlog e N 简记作ln N试试:分别说说lg5 、lg3.5、ln10、ln3的意义.反思:(1)指数与对数间的关系?0,1a a >≠时,x a N =⇔ .(2)负数与零是否有对数?为什么?(3)log 1a = , log a a = .典型例题例1下列指数式化为对数式,对数式化为指数式.(1)35125= ;(2)712128-=;(3)327a =; (4) 2100.01-=; (5)12log 325=-;(6)lg0.001=3-; (7)ln100=4.606.变式:12log 32?= lg0.001=?小结:注意对数符号的书写,与真数才能构成整体. 例2求下列各式中x 的值:(1)642log 3x =; (2)log 86x =-; (3)lg 4x =; (4)3ln e x =.练1. 求下列各式的值.(1)5log 25 ; (2)21log 16; (3)lg 10000.练2. 探究log ?n a a = log ?a N a =三、总结提升①对数概念;②lg N 与ln N ;③指对互化;④如何求对数值知识拓展对数是中学初等数学中的重要内容,那么当初是谁首创“对数”这种高级运算的呢?在数学史上,一般认为对数的发明者是十六世纪末到十七世纪初的苏格兰数学家——纳皮尔(Napier ,1550-1617年)男爵. 在纳皮尔所处的年代,哥白尼的“太阳中心说”刚刚开始流行,这导致天文学成为当时的热门学科. 可是由于当时常量数学的局限性,天文学家们不得不花费很大的精力去计算那些繁杂的“天文数字”,因此浪费了若干年甚至毕生的宝贵时间. 纳皮尔也是当时的一位天文爱好者,为了简化计算,他多年潜心研究大数字的计算技术,终于独立发明了对数.:1. 若2log 3x =,则x =( ).A. 4B. 6C. 8D. 92.log = ( ).A. 1B. -1C. 2D. -23. 对数式2log (5)a a b --=中,实数a 的取值范围是( ).A .(,5)-∞B .(2,5)C .(2,)+∞D . (2,3)(3,5)4. 计算:1(3+= .5. 若log 1)1x =-,则x =________,若y =,则y =___________.课后作业1. 将下列指数式化成对数式,对数式化成指数式.(1)53243=; (2)51232-=; (3)430a = (4)1() 1.032m =; (5)12log 164=-; (6)2log 1287=; (7)3log 27a =.2. 计算:(1)9log 27; (2)3log 243; (3);(3)(2log (2; (4).§§2.2.1 对数与对数运算(2)学习目标1. 掌握对数的运算性质,并能理解推导这些法则的依据和过程;2. 能较熟练地运用对数运算法则解决问题..学习过程一、课前准备(预习教材P 64~ P 66,找出疑惑之处)复习1:(1)对数定义:如果x a N =(0,1)a a >≠,那么数 x 叫做 ,记作 .(2)指数式与对数式的互化:x a N =⇔ .复习2:幂的运算性质.(1)m n a a = ;(2)()m n a = ;(3)()n ab = .复习3:根据对数的定义及对数与指数的关系解答:(1)设log 2a m =,log 3a n =,求m n a +;(2)设log a M m =,log a N n =,试利用m 、n 表示log (a M ·)N .二、新课导学学习探究探究任务:对数运算性质及推导问题:由p q p q a a a +=,如何探讨log a MN 和log a M 、log a N 之间的关系?问题:设log a M p =, log a N q =,由对数的定义可得:M =p a ,N =a∴MN =p a q a =p q a +,∴log a MN =p +q ,即得log a MN =log a M + log a N根据上面的证明,能否得出以下式子?如果 a > 0,a ≠ 1,M > 0, N > 0 ,则(1)log ()log log a a a MN M N =+;(2)log log log a a a M M N N=-; (3) log log ()n a a M n M n R =∈.反思:自然语言如何叙述三条性质? 性质的证明思路?(运用转化思想,先通过假设,将对数式化成指数式,并利用幂运算性质进行恒等变形;然后再根据对数定义将指数式化成对数式)典型例题例1用log a x , log a y , log a z 表示下列各式:(1)2log a xy z ; (2) log a .例2计算:(1)5log 25; (2)0.4log 1;(3)852log (42)⨯; (4)探究:根据对数的定义推导换底公式log log log c a c b b a=(0a >,且1a ≠;0c >,且1c ≠;0b >).试试:2000年人口数13亿,年平均增长率1℅,多少年后可以达到18亿?动手试试练1. 设lg2a =,lg3b =,试用a 、b 表示5log 12.变式:已知lg2=0.3010,lg3=0.4771,求lg6、.练2. 运用换底公式推导下列结论.(1)log log m n a a n b b m=;(2)1log log a b b a =.练3. 计算:(1)7lg142lg lg7lg183-+-;(2)lg 243lg9.三、总结提升学习小结①对数运算性质及推导;②运用对数运算性质;③换底公式.※ 知识拓展① 对数的换底公式log log log b a b N N a=; ② 对数的倒数公式1log log a b b a=. ③ 对数恒等式:log log n n a a N N =,log log m n a a n N N=,log log log 1a b c b c a =. ※ 自我评价 你完成本节导学案的情况为( ).A. 很好B. 较好C. 一般D. 较差※ 当堂检测(时量:5分钟 满分:10分)计分:1. 下列等式成立的是( ) A .222log (35)log 3log 5÷=-B .222log (10)2log (10)-=-C .222log (35)log 3log 5+=D .3322log (5)log 5-=-2. 如果lgx =lga +3lgb -5lgc ,那么( ).A .x =a +3b -cB .35ab x c= C .35ab x c= D .x =a +b 3-c 3 3. 若()2lg 2lg lg y x x y -=+,那么( ).A .y x =B .2y x =C .3y x =D .4y x =4. 计算:(1)99log 3log 27+=;(2)2121log log 22+= . 5. 计算:15lg 23=.1. 计算:(1; (2)2lg 2lg 2lg5lg5+⋅+.2. 设a 、b 、c 为正数,且346a b c ==,求证:1112c a b-=.§2.2.1 对数与对数运算(3)1. 能较熟练地运用对数运算性质解决实践问题;2. 加强数学应用意识的训练,提高解决应用问题的能力.一、课前准备(预习教材P 66~ P 69,找出疑惑之处)复习1:对数的运算性质及换底公式.如果 a > 0,a ≠ 1,M > 0, N > 0 ,则(1)log ()a MN = ;(2)log a M N= ; (3) log n a M = .换底公式log a b = .复习2:已知 2log 3 = a , 3log 7 = b ,用 a ,b 表示42log 56.复习3:1995年我国人口总数是12亿,如果人口的年自然增长率控制在1.25℅,问哪一年我国人口总数将超过14亿? (用式子表示)二、新课导学※ 典型例题例1 20世纪30年代,查尔斯.里克特制订了一种表明地震能量大小的尺度,就是使用测震仪衡量地震能量的等级,地震能量越大,测震仪记录的地震曲线的振幅就越大. 这就是我们常说的里氏震级M ,其计算公式为:0lg lg M A A =-,其中A 是被测地震的最大振幅,0A 是“标准地震”的振幅(使用标准地震振幅是为了修正测震仪距实际震中距离造成的偏差).(1)假设在一次地震中,一个距离震中100千米的测震仪记录的地震最大振幅是20,此时标准地震的振幅是0.001, 计算这次地震的震级(精确到0.1);(2)5级地震给人的振感已比较明显,计算7.6级地震最大振幅是5级地震最大振幅的多少倍?(精确到1)小结:读题摘要→寻找数量关系→利用对数计算.例2当生物死亡后,它机体内原有的碳14会按确定的规律衰减,大约每经过5730年衰减为原来的一半,这个时间称为“半衰期”.根据些规律,人们获得了生物体碳14含量P 与生物死亡年数t 之间的关系.回答下列问题:(1)求生物死亡t 年后它机体内的碳14的含量P ,并用函数的观点来解释P 和t 之间的关系,指出是我们所学过的何种函数?(2)已知一生物体内碳14的残留量为P ,试求该生物死亡的年数t ,并用函数的观点来解释P 和t 之间的关系,指出是我们所学过的何种函数?(3)长沙马王墓女尸出土时碳14的余含量约占原始量的76.7%,试推算古墓的年代?反思:① P 和t 之间的对应关系是一一对应;② P 关于t 的指数函数(x P =,则t 关于P 的函数为 . ※ 动手试试练1. 计算:(1)0.21log 35-; (2)4912log 3log 2log ⋅-练2. 我国的GDP 年平均增长率保持为7.3%,约多少年后我国的GDP 在2007年的基础上翻两番?三、总结提升※ 学习小结1. 应用建模思想(审题→设未知数→建立x 与y 之间的关系→求解→验证);2. 用数学结果解释现象.※ 知识拓展在给定区间内,若函数()f x 的图象向上凸出,则函数()f x 在该区间上为凸函数,结合图象易得到1212()()()22x x f x f x f ++≥; 在给定区间内,若函数()f x 的图象向下凹进,则函数()f x 在该区间上为凹函数,结合图象易得到1212()()()x x f x f x f ++≤.※ 自我评价 你完成本节导学案的情况为( ).A. 很好B. 较好C. 一般D. 较差※ 当堂检测(时量:5分钟 满分:10分)计分:1. 25()a -(a ≠0)化简得结果是( ).A .-aB .a 2C .|a |D .a2. 若 log 7[log 3(log 2x )]=0,则12x =( ).A. 3B.C.D.3. 已知35a b m ==,且112a b+=,则m 之值为( ).A .15BC .D .2254. 若3a =2,则log 38-2log 36用a 表示为 .5. 已知lg20.3010=,lg1.07180.0301=,则lg2.5= ;1102= .1. 化简:(1)222lg5lg8lg5lg20(lg2)3+++; (2)()()24525log 5+log 0.2log 2+log 0.5.2. 若()()lg lg 2lg 2lg lg x y x y x y -++=++,求x y的值.§2.2.2 对数函数及其性质(1)1. 通过具体实例,直观了解对数函数模型所刻画的数量关系,初步理解对数函数的概念,体会对数函数是一类重要的函数模型;2. 能借助计算器或计算机画出具体对数函数的图象,探索并了解对数函数的单调性与特殊点;3. 通过比较、对照的方法,引导学生结合图象类比指数函数,探索研究对数函数的性质,培养数形结合的思想方法,学会研究函数性质的方法.一、课前准备(预习教材P 70~ P 72,找出疑惑之处)复习1:画出2x y =、1 ()2x y =的图象,并以这两个函数为例,说说指数函数的性质.复习2:生物机体内碳14的“半衰期”为5730年,湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸出土时,碳14的残余量约占原始含量的76.7%,试推算马王堆古墓的年代.(列式)二、新课导学※ 学习探究探究任务一:对数函数的概念讨论:t 与P 的关系?(对每一个碳14的含量P 的取值,通过对应关系logt P =,生物死亡年数t 都有唯一的值与之对应,从而t 是P 的函数)新知:一般地,当a >0且a ≠1时,函数log a y x =叫做对数函数(logarithmic function),自变量是x ; 函数的定义域是(0,+∞).反思:对数函数定义与指数函数类似,都是形式定义,注意辨别,如:22log y x =,5log (5)y x = 都不是对数函数,而只能称其为对数型函数;对数函数对底数的限制 (0a >,且1)a ≠.探究任务二:对数函数的图象和性质问题:你能类比前面讨论指数函数性质的思路,提出研究对数函数性质的内容和方法吗?研究方法:画出函数图象,结合图象研究函数性质.研究内容:定义域、值域、特殊点、单调性、最大(小)值、奇偶性.试试:同一坐标系中画出下列对数函数的图象.2log y x =;0.5log y x =.反思:((2)图象具有怎样的分布规律?※ 典型例题例1求下列函数的定义域: (1)2log a y x =;(2)log (3)a yx =-;变式:求函数y =的定义域.例2比较大小:(1)ln3.4,ln8.5; (2)0.30.3log 2.8,log 2.7; (3)log 5.1,log 5.9a a .小结:利用单调性比大小;注意格式规范.※ 动手试试练1. 求下列函数的定义域.(1)0.2log (6)y x =--; (2)y .练2. 比较下列各题中两个数值的大小.(1)22log 3log 3.5和; (2)0.30.2log 4log 0.7和; (3)0.70.7log 1.6log 1.8和; (4)23log 3log 2和.三、总结提升※ 学习小结1. 对数函数的概念、图象和性质;2. 求定义域;3. 利用单调性比大小.※ 知识拓展对数函数凹凸性:函数()log ,(0,1)a f x x a a =>≠,12,x x 是任意两个正实数.当1a >时,1212()()()22f x f x x xf ++≤;当01a <<时,1212()()()22f x f x x xf ++≥.学习评价※ 自我评价 你完成本节导学案的情况为( ).A. 很好B. 较好C. 一般D. 较差 ※ 当堂检测(时量:5分钟 满分:10分)计分:1. 当a >1时,在同一坐标系中,函数x y a -=与log a y x =的图象是( ).2. 函数22log (1)y x x =+≥的值域为( ). A. (2,)+∞ B. (,2)-∞ C. [)2,+∞ D. [)3,+∞3. 不等式的41log 2x >解集是( ). A. (2,)+∞ B. (0,2)B. 1(,)2+∞ D. 1(0,)24. 比大小:(1)log 67 log 7 6 ; (2)log 31.5 log 2 0.8. 5. 函数(-1)log (3-)x y x =的定义域是 .1. 已知下列不等式,比较正数m 、n 的大小:(1)3log m <3log n ; (2)0.3log m >0.3log n ; (3)log a m >log a n (a >1)2. 求下列函数的定义域:(1)y =(2)y =§2.2.2 对数函数及其性质(2)1. 解对数函数在生产实际中的简单应用;2. 进一步理解对数函数的图象和性质;3. 学习反函数的概念,理解对数函数和指数函数互为反函数,能够在同一坐标上看出互为反函数的两个函数的图象性质.一、课前准备(预习教材P 72~ P 73,找出疑惑之处)复习1:对数函数log (0,1)a y x a a =>≠且图象和性质.复习2:比较两个对数的大小.(1)10log 7与10log 12 ; (2)0.5log 0.7与0.5log 0.8.复习3:求函数的定义域.(1)311log 2y x=- ; (2)log (28)a y x =+.二、新课导学※ 学习探究探究任务:反函数问题:如何由2x y =求出x ?反思:函数2log x y =由2x y =解出,是把指数函数2x y =中的自变量与因变量对调位置而得出的. 习惯上我们通常用x 表示自变量,y 表示函数,即写为2log y x =.新知:当一个函数是一一映射时, 可以把这个函数的因变量作为一个新函数的自变量, 而把这个函数的自变量新的函数的因变量. 我们称这两个函数为反函数(inverse function ) 例如:指数函数2x y =与对数函数2log y x =互为反函数.试试:在同一平面直角坐标系中,画出指数函数2x y =及其反函数2log y x =图象,发现什么性质?反思: (1)如果000(,)P x y 在函数2x y =的图象上,那么P 0关于直线y x =的对称点在函数2log y x =的图象上吗?为什么?(2)由上述过程可以得到结论:互为反函数的两个函数的图象关于 对称.※ 典型例题例1求下列函数的反函数:(1) 3x y =; (2)log (1)a y x =-.小结:求反函数的步骤(解x →习惯表示→定义域)变式:点(2,3)在函数log (1)a y x =-的反函数图象上,求实数a 的值.例2溶液酸碱度的测量问题:溶液酸碱度pH 的计算公式lg[]pH H +=-,其中[]H +表示溶液中氢离子的浓度,单位是摩尔/升.(1)分析溶液酸碱度与溶液中氢离子浓度之间的变化关系? (2)纯净水7[]10H +-=摩尔/升,计算其酸碱度.小结:抽象出对数函数模型,然后应用对数函数模型解决问题,这就是数学应用建模思想.※ 动手试试练1. 己知函数()x f x a k =-的图象过点(1,3)其反函数的图象过点(2,0),求()f x 的表达式.练2. 求下列函数的反函数.(1) y =x (x ∈R );(2)y =log a 2x(a >0,a ≠1,x >0)三、总结提升※ 学习小结① 函数模型应用思想;② 反函数概念.※ 知识拓展函数的概念重在对于某个范围(定义域)内的任意一个自变量x 的值,y 都有唯一的值和它对应. 对于一个单调函数,反之对应任意y 值,x 也都有惟一的值和它对应,从而单调函数才具有反函数. 反函数的定义域是原函数的值域,反函数的值域是原函数的定义域,即互为反函数的两个函数,定义域与值域 学习评价※ 自我评价 你完成本节导学案的情况为( ). A. 很好 B. 较好 C. 一般 D. 较差 ※ 当堂检测(时量:5分钟 满分:10分)计分: 1. 函数0.5log y x =的反函数是( ). A. 0.5log y x =- B. 2log y x =C. 2x y =D. 1()2x y =2. 函数2xy =的反函数的单调性是( ). A. 在R 上单调递增 B. 在R 上单调递减C. 在(0,)+∞上单调递增D. 在(0,)+∞上单调递减3. 函数2(0)y x x =<的反函数是( ). A. (0)y x x =±> B. (0)y x x => C. (0)y x x =-> D. y x =±4. 函数x y a =的反函数的图象过点(9,2),则a 的值为 .5. 右图是函数1log a y x =,2log a y x =3log a y x =, 4log a y x =的图象,则底数之间的关系为 .课后作业有占总数12的细胞每小时分裂一次,即由1个细1. 现有某种细胞100个,其中胞分裂成2个细胞,按这种规律发展下去,经过多少小时,细胞总数可以超过1010个?(参考数据:lg30.477,lg20.301==).。

人教版高中英语必修一unit2englisharoundtheworld(2)教案

人教版高中英语必修一unit2englisharoundtheworld(2)教案

高中英语学习材料madeofjingetiejiUnit 2 English around the world.By zhiyuqing Part 2 Teaching Design(The road to modern English)I、教学目标(teaching aims)英语课程目标教学目标语言知识和技能识记重点短语和句型;知道英语的发展史,并能叙述下来。

学习策略利用标题预测课文内容;在略读中如何找每段中心句子;详读时如何筛选有关时间的有用信息。

会在新的语境中运用本课所学的语言知识。

情感态度让学生明白学英语对自己的发展很重要,做个快乐的英语语言学习者。

II、教学重难点(Teaching important points)a. 复习上节课所学重点短语,学习本课新短语和重要句子。

在新语境下会灵活运用本课所学知识。

b. 知道英语的发展史,并可以用自己的话叙述下来。

III、教学方法(Teaching methods)a. Audio-lingual approachb. Task-based language teachingc. DiscussionIV、教具准备(Teaching aids)a computer; a tape-recorder; a projectorV、教学步骤(Teaching procedure)⑴Warming up by greetings.T:Good morning, class.Ss: XX,you are so hot ,What did you do last class?T: ----I had PE just now .T: Oh, you love your PE class, so you must have a good time . I hope you will feel happy In my class too. OK, today we’ll learn The road to modern English. But before we learn it, I want to know if you know these phrases.(2)Lead in. revision the key phrases.根据汉语,说出相应的英语。

高一英语unit2教案

高一英语unit2教案

高一英语unit2教案【篇一:人教版英语必修一第二单元-unit2教学设计】unit2 english around the worldreading the road to modern english教学设计高一英语李海娟一、教材分析本单元的中心话题是“世界英语”,介绍了英语在世界上的重要性。

warming-up 简要介绍了英语语言在不同国家的差异,是学生对英国英语和美国有了粗浅的了解。

pre-reading的问题是针对阅读课文的赌钱思考,激活学生已获背景知识,激发学生阅读的兴趣。

reading “a road to modern english”简要说明了英语语言的起源、发展变化、形成原因及发展趋势。

本课的语言知识主要围绕世界英语这一中心话题进行设计。

本课时主要分为三部分:1. pre- reading (读前准备) 此部分为热身活动2. reading (阅读)3. post-reading (读后)二、教学目标:1. 学生通过阅读文章能够从篇章结构的角度出发描述英语语言发展的历史过程2. 学生能够在阅读过程中对主要的阅读信息进行记录。

3. 学生能够了解英语在世界上的发展情况,意识到学习英语的重要性的同时,也要热爱自己的祖国,热爱自己的母语。

三、教学步骤step 1 leading-in (individual work)1. do you like learning english? and why?2. can you name some countries in which english is spoken?show a word map on the blackboard and the students to find out the countries in which people use english as their own language. then ask one or two students to mark thesecountries on the map. (通过层层设置问题,引入本课话题,引导学生思考,使学生自然而然进入教学中,激发学生学习英语的欲望。

人教版英语必修一第二单元教案

人教版英语必修一第二单元教案

人教版英语必修一第二单元教案第一篇:人教版英语必修一第二单元教案Reading Step I Greeting and revision T: Good morning / afternoon, boys and girls!First I will check the words and expressions you have previewed.(pages 11-12 Discovering useful words and expressionsParts1-4)Teacher shows answers on the screen.T: Please look at the screen and check your answer.Do you have any question? S: Are “such as” and “for example” the same? T: OK.I’ll give you two examples:1.He knows five languages, such as Russian, French and Spanish.2.The differences in the spoken language are greater.For example, Americans say dance [dæns], and in southern England they say [dæns].Students ask any questions and teacher explains to them in class.S tep II warming up Arouse the students’ interest in reading.Let the students know of world English.T: So much for the words.Can you name some countries in which English is spoken? Ss: Of course.America, Britain, Canada, Australia…Teacher writes American, British, Canadian, and Australian on the blackboard.Then add English to these words.T: Are these Englishes the same? S1: I think they are the same.They are all called English.S2: I don’t think so.As I know BE and AE are different in spelling, pronunciation and so on.T: Well, turn to page 9.Read the Warming Up.Please answer the questions below.Ss:(scanning)There is more than one kind of English.T: Please go on reading and try to tell AE words from BE words below.After reading, the students give their answers.T: Who will show your answer? S: I think “mum, in a team, rubber, petrol”are BE words.And “mom, on a team, eraser, gas” are AE words.T: Can you give them a name? Ss: World English.T: Very good.Step III Pre-reading Activate the students’ background knowled ge of English.T: From Warming Up we know many people speak English in the world.How many people speak English and why do so many people speak English? Please discuss with your partners and answer the questions.A few minutes later.Sa: Maybe 1000 million people speak English today.Because many countries were colonies of England, so English is spoken as a first or second language in many countries.Sb: We can’t get the exact number.More and more people begin to learn English because English is the working language in the United Nations.Everywhere children go to school to learn English.T: Excellent!About 1500 million people speak English as their first, second or foreign language.But they don’t speak the same kind of English.Step IV ReadingGet the students to know the history of English and help the students to form a good habit of reading.Point to the blackboard.T: how did different kinds of English come about? Please read the test “The Road to Modern English” quickly and pick out the answer.Students read quickly to find the answer.T: Any volunteer to answer the question? S: I will.English has changed over time.All languages change when cultures communicate with one anther.T: Any different ideas? Well, you all have the same answer.Task 1: Reading and choose correct answers.T: Turn to page 10.Please read the questions and multiple answers first to know what information we should get, and then read the passage to find the answer.A few minutes later.T: Now who would like to tell us your answer? Any volunteer?1 A2 D3 C4 D5 BTask 2: Read and summarize the main idea of each paragraph.Work in groups of 4 T: Read the text and tell the main idea of each paragraph.After reading, discuss your answer in groups of 4.After a few minutes.T: What is the main idea of the first paragraph? S1: The first paragraph tells us that more and more people speak English.S2: I don’t think so.It describes the extension of English in the world.T: Right.The first paragraph describes the extension of English in the world.What is the main ides of paragraph 2.S3: It tells us native speakers can understand each other but not everything.Let the students give an example t o prove this point.T: Can you tell me what the third paragraph is about? S4: All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.It’s the key sentence of the last two paragraphs.This paragraph tells the development of English as native language.T: Quite right.What about the last paragraph? S5: English is spoken as a foreign or second language in many countries.T: How many parts can we divide the text into? Ss: Two parts.The first paragraph is the first part, and paragraph 2,3 and 4 can be Part 2.Step V: Post-reading Check the students’ understanding of the text, help the students deal with new language points.T ask : Expr ess one’s own opinion.Wok in groups of 4.T: There are many kinds of English.Which kind of English are we learning? Ss: Both AE and BE.Show questions on the screen and ask a student to read them.T: Please discuss these questions and tell us your answers.1.Do you think it matters what kind of English you learn? Why? 2.Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English? 3.Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes? After a few minutes.T: OK.I’ll ask some groups to report their opinion s.Group 1, Can you tell us your opinion? S1: Yes.I think we should learn BEBecause other kinds of English came from it.T: Any different ideas? S2: In my opinion, we can learn any kind of English because people can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.T: Wonderful!What about the second question? S3: With the development of economy, it is necessary for people from different countries to communicate with each other.So we need a language to be work language, while English is the most widely used language.So people all over the world want to learn English.T: Very good!OK.Queation3.Yes or no? S4: My answer is “yes”.A large number of Chinese especially young people are learning English.English is communicating with Chinese Culture.There will be Chinese English.T: Only time will tell.Now we know English is spoken in so many countries and it plays an important part in the world.If we learn English well, we can listen to English song, read English novels, travel in English speaking countries comfortably and communicate with foreigners easily.Also, it is of great help not only to our own development but also to the development of our country.The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing.Let’s work hard and welcome its coming.Question time T: It is time for you to ask any questions or let me explain the sentences that hinder your understanding of the text.Students ask questions freely.Step VI Homework第二篇:高一必修一第二单元Module 2 My New Teachers要点一单词1.patient adj.耐心的,能忍受的,坚韧的n.病人归纳拓展(1)be patient with sb.对某人有耐心 be patient of sth.忍耐某事(2)patience n.耐心,耐性have patience with sb./sth.对某人/某事有耐心have the patience to do sth.有耐心做某事 be out of patience with...对……忍无可忍have no patience with...对……不能容忍with patience=patiently(adv.)耐心地(3)impatient adj.不耐烦的,没有耐心的 impatience n.不耐烦,无耐性例句:My father is lively and energetic,but he is not very patient.我父亲性情开朗、精力充沛但不是很有耐心。

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必修①第二单元教案烛之武退秦师【教学目标】1、理解“以、而、焉”3个词语。

归纳本文的文言知识。

2、在掌握字词的基础上熟读成诵。

3、培养学生初步鉴赏文言文的能力。

4、学习古人国难当头、不计个人安危得失、顾全大局的精神。

【教学重难点】1、积累相关文言知识。

2、本文详略得当、波澜起伏、善于运用伏笔和照应的写作技巧。

【教学方法】 1、朗读法2、问答法【教学时数】两课时【教学准备】多媒体【教学过程】第一课时[教学要点]熟读课文的基础上,积累学习文言文的一些方法。

一:导入课文,!)1995年,著名科学家钱学森冲破重重阻挠回国,当时美国的海军处长金波尔说:“我宁可把这家伙枪毙了,也不让他离开美国,无论他在哪里,都抵得上五个师。

”这个故事可谓是“一夫敌百万之师”的现代版。

其实,在中国历史上曾有过无数这样的人物:张仪、苏秦、诸葛亮。

今天我们将去拜访他们的“祖师”,请同学们翻到《烛之武退秦师》。

2)《论语》子路篇中说“一言以丧邦,一言以兴邦”,古代有很多有名的谋士如魏征劝谏唐太宗、邹忌讽齐王、触龙说赵太后,这些人都是国家的名臣,今天我们一起来认识另一位为国努力的谋士烛之武。

二作者及背景简介。

1、请学生读注释1,《左传》善于描写战争和记述外交辞令,记事条理清楚,详略得当;写人简洁生动,人物形象栩栩如生,是历代散文的典范。

《左传》的别名《左氏春秋》、《春秋左氏传》《春秋》三传《左传》《公羊传》《谷梁传》因为《左传》和《公羊传》《谷梁传》都是为解说《春秋》而作,所以它们又被称作“春秋三传”。

2 秦晋围郑背景(适时补充给学生)。

秦、晋围郑发生在公元前630年。

此前,郑有两事得罪了晋国:其一,晋文公重耳当年逃亡路过郑国时,郑国没有以礼相待;其二,晋楚城濮之战中,郑国出兵帮的是楚国,而此役楚国失败。

晋国为什么要联合秦国围攻郑国呢?这是因为,秦国当时也要争夺霸权,也需要向外扩张。

发生在公元前632年的城濮之战,事实上是两大军事集团之间的战争。

一方是晋文公率晋、宋、齐、秦四国联军,另一方则是以楚国为主的楚、陈、蔡、郑四国联军(郑国名义上没有参战,实际上已提前派军队到楚国)。

两年后,当晋国发动对郑国的战争时,自然要寻找得力的伙伴。

秦、晋历史上关系一直很好;更重要的是,这时的秦国也有向外扩张的愿望,所以,秦、晋联合也就是必然的了。

三、让学生自读,注意重点字的读音。

汜(fàn)南佚(yì)之狐夜缒(zhuì)而出共(gōng)其乏困秦伯说(yuè)四、题解退:使动用法,使-----撤退师:军队五、讲解课文(一)讲解第一段1、诵读指导:“以其无礼于晋,且贰于楚也”是本段关键一句,语速要较慢,尤其是“且”处应稍作停顿,“也”字要拖长声音。

此句读完,稍作停顿,再起后句“晋/军函陵,秦/军汜南”。

“晋”“秦”之后要略作停顿。

因为“军”在此名词活用为动词,当“驻扎”讲。

(领读,齐读)2、提问:本段仅25字,却道出很多内容,有哪些?明确:①秦晋围郑,来势凶猛;弱小郑国,危如累卵。

②“以其无礼于晋,且贰于楚也”既道出了秦晋围郑的原因,又暗示郑国有机可乘,为“烛之武退秦师”埋下了伏笔。

(尝试背诵)(二)讲解第二自然段1、诵读指导:“国危矣”要读出心情沉重之感。

“若使烛之武见秦君,师必退”要读得坚定,露出胸有成竹之意。

“臣之壮也,犹不如人;今老矣,无能为也已”是烛之武对只能虚度人生的无可奈何慨叹,要读出伤感的基调,而郑伯,面对烛之武的牢骚,并没有表现出丝毫的不满,而是从谏如流,反省自己,情真意切,因此,郑伯之言一定要读得心平气和。

(领读,齐读)2、重点讲清以下词句臣之壮也,犹不如人——我年轻时,尚且不如别人。

之:助词,无能为也已——不能做什么了。

无能:不能。

已:同“矣”。

是寡人之过也——这是我的过错。

是:这。

(判断句)3、提问:面对为难,郑国君臣的表现如何?明确:①佚之狐出谋划策,力荐烛之武。

②郑伯从谏如流,情真意切,感动了烛之武。

③烛之武面对郑伯的诚意,深明大义,承担了赴秦说秦师的重任。

(齐读)(三)串讲第三段。

1、一生范读本段。

2、学生借助注释细细梳理本段。

(因为本段集中刻画了烛的形象、表现出其高超的游说技巧,所以让学生细细品味)3、生接龙串析本段。

(师点拨)①“夜……秦伯”:说明形势危急,烛不畏危险。

②烛说秦伯运用了高超的攻心术:第一步,欲扬先抑,以退为进。

(坦言知亡,避其锐气:郑既知亡矣。

)第二步,阐明利害,动摇秦君。

(亡郑只对晋有利:邻之厚,君之薄也。

)第三步,替秦着想,以利相诱。

(舍郑会对秦有益:君亦无所害。

)第四步,引史为例,挑拨秦晋。

(君之所知也。

)第五步,推测未来,劝秦谨慎。

(唯君图之。

)③秦……乃还:秦权衡利害,决定退兵,但却派人留守要塞,体现其老奸巨猾的一面。

4、探究“三巧”游说艺术1)以“利”巧攻心理。

2)以“害”巧析形势。

3)以“史”巧施离间。

5、学生同桌讨论归纳,师引导学生归纳本段知识点:亡:动词的使动用法;利:形容词的使动用法阙:形容词的使动用法;鄙:名词的意动用法;封:名词的意动用法;厚:形容词活用为动词;薄:形容词活用为动词;乏困:形容词活用为动词;东:名词活用做状语;陪:通假字,通“倍”;共:通假字,通“供”;厌:通假字,通“餍”;说:通假字,通“悦”;阙:通假字,通“缺”或“掘”;5、师引导学生结合烛的游说步骤即兴背诵本段。

(四)串讲第四自然段1、诵读指导:“微/夫人之力/不及此”句,“微”后果作停顿,因“微”是连词,表假设,为“假如没有”之意,“夫人”的“夫”是指示代词,为“那”。

“因人之力/而取蔽之”句“因人之力”后要略作停顿。

(齐读,然后指名学生读)2、提问:本文是如何结尾的?明确:以晋文公再风云突变中,头脑前行,毅然撤军作结。

而这也正是烛之武所想达到的目的。

六、尝试背诵全文七、布置作业1、背诵全文2、分析烛之武形象板书秦晋围郑临危受命智退秦师第一步、欲扬先抑以退为进第二步、阐明利害动摇秦君第三步、替秦着想以利相诱第四步、引史为例挑拨秦晋第五步、推测未来劝秦谨慎晋师撤离第二课时一、检查复习1、集体背诵全文。

2、对文中的文言字词提问。

二、亮点探究1.文章写烛之武在使命面前,先“僻”后“受”,有什么作用?探究学习:这段文字看似闲笔,却有重要作用:一是交代了烛之武的境况,是一个不被重用的老臣。

二是委婉地批评郑伯不能用人,但在关键时刻,作为国君尚能接受规谏,诚恳负责。

三是点明烛之武深明大义,以解国难为重。

这一内容粗线条地勾勒出烛之武的形象,为下文写他奔赴国难的义勇精神作了必要的铺垫。

2.晋文公最后以“不仁”“不知”“不武”三条理由退兵,你怎样看待晋文公的退兵理由?探究学习:其实,“不仁”是一个冠冕堂皇的借口,如果真讲“仁义”,当初就不会发兵攻郑。

“不知”才是实质。

“知”通“智”,这个“智”,是理智,就是对现实情况的客观分析,对动武后果的冷静判断。

“以乱易整,不武”,胜负之数,难以意料。

晋的退兵,说到底,也是一个“利”字起作用。

5.课文虽短,但在叙述故事时,却能够处处注意伏笔与照应。

请举例分析这一写法特点。

探究学习:文章注意伏笔与照应的地方较多,如:①在交代秦晋围郑的原因时,说是“以其无礼于晋,且贰于楚也”,说明秦、郑并没有多大的矛盾冲突,这就为下文烛之武说退秦师埋下了伏笔。

②“夜缒而出”,照应了开头的“秦晋围郑”,“国危矣”的有关内容。

③“许君焦、瑕,朝济而夕设版”和“微夫人之力不及此”又照应了上文秦、晋虽是联合行动,但貌合神离,既没有驻扎在一起,彼此的行动也不需要通知对方,这就为秦、郑联盟提供了条件。

文章预后瞻前,巧施伏笔,简练而不失谨严,自然而耐人玩味。

三、烛之武形象探讨:提问:烛之武是本文的中心人物,请用简练的语言加以评价。

烛之武的成功就在于他正确把握天下形势,并且熟知历史,洞察秦晋之隙,然后凭他的三寸不烂之舌。

生活是一块磨刀石,只有不断砥砺自己,才能保持永远锐利的锋芒。

烛之武到了七十多岁的高龄,仍有满腹牢骚,可见他的锐气未减;仍能建功立业,可见他的才华依旧。

此前,三朝为官,满腹经纶,却一直不得重用,其间忍受的寂寞痛苦的煎熬,是常人难以想象的。

但烛之武在这种怀才不遇的痛苦中,并没有自暴自弃,更没有妄自菲薄,而是以惊人的毅力在寂寞中图强,饱读经书,关心时事,指点江山,激扬文字,终于在人生的最后时刻,也是最为关键的时刻,“不飞则已,一飞冲天;不鸣则已,一鸣惊人”,完成人生的最后一击,为自己一生划上一个完美的感叹号。

时代铸就英雄。

烛之武的时代早已过去,但烛之武的人生之路,至少还启示着今天的我们,在平凡的岗位上,应该爱岗敬业;即使暂处逆境,也应该不断磨砺自己,以至终成大器!同时昭示我们应该学习古人那种国难当头、不计个人安危得失、顾全大局的爱国主义精神。

四、归纳文言词语的用法1、词类活用、A.名词做状语既东封郑,又欲肆其西封(在东边;在西边)夜缒而出(在晚上,当晚)B.动词活用为名词君亦无所害(害处)且君尝为晋君赐矣(恩惠,好处)C.形容词活用为名词臣之壮也(壮年)越国以鄙远(远方,边远的地方)共其乏困(缺少的东西)2.特殊句式A.省略句(烛之武)辞曰:“臣之壮也……”(主语)晋惠公)许君焦、瑕(主语)夜缒(烛之武)而出(宾语)敢以(之)烦执事(宾语)晋军(于)函陵,秦军(于)氾南(介词)B.倒装句以其无礼于晋(于晋无礼──介宾短语后置)且贰于楚也(于楚从属── 同上)佚之狐言于郑伯(于郑伯言── 同上)何厌之有(有何厌── 宾语前置)C.判断句3.通假字无能为也已(矣)共其乏困(供)秦伯说,与郑人盟(悦)失其所与,不知(智)4。

古今异义①行李之往来(行李,古义:出行的人;今义:出门所带的包裹)②若舍郑以为东道主(以为,古义:把……作为;今义:认为)③微夫人之力不及此。

(夫人,古义:那人;今义:一般人的妻子)④亦去之(去,古义:离开;今义:往,到)5.完成课后练习,一词多意以①以其无礼于晋(因为,连词)②敢以烦执事(拿,用,介词)③越国以鄙远(表顺承,连词)④焉用亡郑以陪邻?(表顺承,连词)⑤若舍郑以为东道主(把,介词)而①今急而求子(才,连词,表顺承)②夜缒而出(表修饰,连词)③若亡郑而有利于君(表顺承,连词)④朝济而夕设版焉。

(表转折,连词)焉①子亦有不利焉。

(语气词,表陈述)②焉用亡郑以陪邻?(疑问副词,为什么)③若不阙秦,将焉取之 (疑问副词,怎么能)④且焉置土石 (疑问代词,哪里)⑤以俟夫观人风者得焉 (代词,之)⑥永之人争奔走焉 (兼词,于此)五、课堂小结六、布置作业尝试把这篇文章改编成课本剧。

荆轲刺秦王【教学目标】1、掌握文中实虚词、通假字、古今异义词、词类活用及特殊句式等文言知识,培养文言理解和翻译的能力。

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