现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态句型结构
现在完成时的被动语态句型结构现在完成时的被动语态是英语中常用的一种句型结构，它表示某个动作或状态已经发生，并且强调其结果或影响。
下面将详细介绍现在完成时的被动语态句型结构。
1. 结构现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been + 过去分词”组成。
其中，“have/has”表示主语已经经历了某个过程，而“been”则表示这个过程是以被动形式进行的。
“过去分词”则是指原来的动词变为了过去式形式。
例如：- The book has been read by many people.（这本书已经被很多人读过了。
）- The car has been repaired by the mechanic.（这辆车已经被修理工修好了。
）2. 用法现在完成时的被动语态通常用于以下情况：(1) 强调结果：该句型可以强调一个行为、事件或状态所带来的结果，而不关注具体执行者。
例如：- The cake has been eaten.（蛋糕已经吃掉了。
）- The report has been submitted to the manager. （报告已提交给经理。
）(2) 描述事实：该句型也可以描述一件事情发生后留下来的事实和状况。
例如：- Many houses have been destroyed in the earthquake.（地震摧毁了许多房屋。
）- A lot of money has been spent on this project so far. （到目前为止，在这个项目上花费了大量资金。
）(3) 表示重复性行为：有些行为可能会反复进行，此时使用现在完成时的被动语态可以更准确地表达出这种意思。
例如：- This room hasn't been cleaned for weeks! （这间房子几周没打扫过啦！）- How many times have you been told not to touch that? （你听说那东西不能碰多少次啦？）3. 注意点当使用现在完成时的被动语态时需要注意以下几点:(1) 主要谓语必须是“have/has”，否则就不符合该句型结构规范；(2) 被强调对象应放置于“by”的后面；(3) 当没有明确提及执行者或无需知道执行者身份时，则可省略“by”。
英语现在完成时的被动语态
学习好资料欢迎下载英语（十八）Book2 Unit 3 语法现在完成时的被动语态构成：have/has been done 第三人称单数用has，第三人称复数以及其余人称用have。
否定式是在have/has 后加not，也可缩写成haven’t/hasn’t;构成疑问句时，附加问句借助于have/has。
特殊疑问句式：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词。
1.表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，这个动作是被动的。
This novel has been translated into several languages.2.还可以表示在过去发生的，已知延续到现在的并可能持续延续下去的被动动作或状态。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long…？”句型中。
The machine has been used for 3 years.3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时态的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your homework has been finished.4.注意1）现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词：have/has和been 缺一不可。
2）注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对想在造成的影响或结果。
The machine has been repaired.(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“修好了”) The machine was repaired yesterday.(只说明动作发生在昨天)3）不可与确定的表过去或将来的时间状语连用（如yesterday,three days ago,in 1970,in 2050等），但可与不确定的时间状语连用（如already，yet，just，often，recently，in the past few years等）They have been punished recently.4）有些动词像finish，buy，start，begin，return，join，marry，open，die等，表示的动作很短暂，我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。
高一英语必修二unit 3 语法 现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态一、结构：have / has been done二、用法：1）表示到现在为止已经完成的某个被动动作。
The new museum has already been completed(完成) recently.2）表示某个被动动作在说话之前发生，但对现在造成影响Your son has been sent to the hospital, so you needn’t worry too much.3）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去的某个被动动作，往往与表示一段时间的状语连用（如for，since）等，或者so far, now, today, this week 等连用。
Computers have been widely used since the 1970s.三、副词的位置：often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom 等副词置于have/ has 与been中间Such a man has hardly been believed.四、并不是所有动词都有被动语态。
只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态, 如:happen, take place（发生）, die, appear（出现）, disappear（消失）, remain, last（持续）, sit , break out（爆发）, come true（实现）, belong to，consist of，run out(耗尽)等但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。
但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。
如look after, take care of，take off , look at, send for(请), look up(查词), look down upon (轻视)，listened toThe child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years.把下面的主动句变为被动句1. We have completed all the preparations for the task, and we’re ready to start.2. This company has produced new types of computers.3. They have interviewed several teachers for the job.4. George has sent some texts and pictures to his friend’s cellphone.5. They have developed some programmes for the human resource department of their company.主动句与被动句的特殊情况一、含双宾语的被动I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday.直接宾语间接宾语——The book was given to Mr. Smith (by me) yesterday. ——Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me) 1）give sb. sth/ give sth. to sb.sb be given sth.sth be given to sb.2）bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb.sb. be brought sth.sth. be brought to sb.3）tell sb. sth. / tell sth. to sb.sb. be told sth.sth. be told to sb.4）buy sb. sth. / buy sth. for sb.sb be bought sth.sth. be bought for sb.二、不带to的不定式在变为被动语态时要还原to，包括感官动词（see, watch, hear等）和使役动词（make, let, have）1）I heard her cry last night. →She was heard to cry last night.2）The boss makes them work all day and all night. →They are made to work all day and all night.三、当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。
现在完成时被动语态的例句
现在完成时被动语态的例句现在完成时被动语态指的是在现在进行状态下发生的动作，其语态为被动，比较常见的有以下几种：
1. 完成时被动语态：has/have been + 过去分词。
例句：The car has been repaired by the mechanic.
这句话的意思是“这辆车已经被修理师修理好了”。
在这个例子中，我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用，主语是“车”，动词是“修理”，被动语态是“被修理师”。
2. 完成时被动语态否定句：has/have not been + 过去分词。
例句：The problem has not been solved yet.
这句话的意思是“这个问题还没有解决”。
同样地，我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用，主语是“问题”，动词是“解决”，被动语态是“被解决”。
3. 完成时被动语态疑问句：has/have + 主语 + been + 过去分词?
例句：Have the packages been delivered to the customers?
这句话的意思是“这些包裹已经发给了顾客吗？”同样地，我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用，主语是“包裹”，动词是“发”，被动语态是“被发”。
完成时被动语态可以帮助我们表达已经完成的动作，同时强调被
动语态，即强调动作的对象是被动的。
因此，在英语写作中，正确使
用完成时被动语态是非常重要的技巧，也会让你的文章更加生动有力。
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态是英语考试中的重要考点，需要注意以下几点：首先要掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成，即使用has/have been done。
当主语为单数时，使用has been done；当主语为复数时，使用have been done。
例如：This book has been XXX.（这本书已被翻译成许多语言。
）His bikes have been sold out.（他的自行车已售罄。
）其次，要理解现在完成时被动语态的概念。
它强调的是一个在过去发生的被动动作，有两个意思：一是动作已经完成，强调对现在的影响或结果；二是主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。
例如：Our classroom has been cleaned。
you needn't clean it now.（我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在不需要再打扫了。
）These flowers have been watered。
you can go home.（这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。
）最后，要掌握现在完成时被动语态的用法。
首先，它可以用于不知道动作执行者是谁的情况下。
例如：His XXX.（他的自行车被偷了。
）其次，它可以用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明的情况下。
例如：Not a book in the library has been XXX.（图书馆里的书没有一本被拿走。
）第三，它可以用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调的情况下。
例如：My watch has been repaired.（我的表已经修好了。
）第四，它可以用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方的情况下。
例如：Enough has been said here on this n.（关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。
）第五，它可以用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中，常用省略助动词be的被动语态。
例如：Road Blocked.（道路已被堵塞。
现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时态中的时间状语
★现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等模糊的时间副词连用。 等模糊的时间副词连用。 等模糊的时间副词连用 ★还可以和表示跟现在有关的或者一直延续到 现在的时间状语连用。 现在的时间状语连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, lately recently, these few days , in the past 10 years, in the last few years, so far , up to now, ever since等。 等
▲完成句子练习： 完成句子练习
1)他总是步行上班。He ____always ____ to work. 他总是步行上班。 他总是步行上班 2)我已经认识他六年了。I ____ ____ him for six years. 我已经认识他六年了。 我已经认识他六年了 3)自从来这儿，他已经学了 自从来这儿， 个单词了。 自从来这儿 他已经学了3000个单词了。 个单词了 He ____ ____ 3000 words since he came here. 1）have been 2) have known 3) has learned 4)has ; walked ）
1. 现在完成时的被动语态构成： 现在完成时的被动语态构成：
have/has (not)+ been + 过去分词
2.现在完成时的被动语态特点： 现在完成时的被动语态特点： 现在完成时的被动语态特点
●主语是行为动作的承受者 ●谓语动词表示动作已经完成 例如： 例如： I have been told about it many times． ． The bridge has just been built． ．
现在完成时的被动语态
2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如： [误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用 主动语态。如： [误] The door has been opened of itself. [正]The door has opened of itself.
languages. 这本书已被译成多国语言。 His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已都卖完了。
2. 理解现在完成时被动语态的概念 现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动 性动作, 它有两层意思: ①动作已经完成, 强调对现在造成的影响或结果。 ②主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。 Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now. 我们的教室已被打扫过, 你现在没必要再打扫了。 These flowers have been watered, you can go home. 这些花已被浇水了, 你可以回家了。
3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。 如: The SARS patients have been taken good care of.
改为被动语态
He has to look after the little baby.
主
谓
八大时态的被动语态结构
八大时态的被动语态结构
以下是八大时态的被动语态结构：
1. 现在时被动语态（Present Simple Passive）：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词。
2. 过去时被动语态（Past Simple Passive）：主语 + was/were + 过去分词。
3. 将来时被动语态（Future Simple Passive）：主语+ will be + 过去分词。
4. 现在进行时被动语态（Present Continuous Passive）：主语 + am/is/are being + 过去分词。
5. 过去进行时被动语态（Past Continuous Passive）：
主语 + was/were being + 过去分词。
6. 现在完成时被动语态（Present Perfect Passive）：
主语 + has/have been + 过去分词。
7. 过去完成时被动语态（Past Perfect Passive）：主语 + had been + 过去分词。
8. 将来完成时被动语态（Future Perfect Passive）：主语 + will have been + 过去分词。
【语法】现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时◆现在完成时的基本结构have / has + done◆现在完成时的用法：（1）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）表示从过去的动作或状态，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
或表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”。
可用于“How long…?”句型中。
He has taught here since 1981.（可能还要继续教）I haven't seen her for four years.I have been to Beijing twice.How long has this film been on?二、现在完成时的被动语态◆现在完成时被动语态的基本结构：have/has +_______ done现在完成时被动语态的否定结构：complete______________ admit_______________ raise______________ replace______________ advertise_____________ solve_____________1. She has cleaned the windows.（改成被动语态）主语谓语宾语The windows (by her).主语谓语2. He hasn’t washed the dirty clothes. （改成被动语态）____________________________________________将下列句子改成被动语态。
1. Mary has locked the door.2. I have finished my homework.3. I have read this book many times.4. Tom has not repaired the computer.5. Jane has referred to the book.6. We have put up a notice on the wall.三、注意事项：1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
08.现在完成时的被动语态
08.现在完成时的被动语态吴国斌现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。
1.现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词2.现在完成时的被动语态的形式：(1)肯定式：主语+ have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
The car has been repaired.这辆汽车已经被修理过了。
(2)否定式：主语+ have/has+not+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
The house hasn’t been cleaned for a long time.这所房子很久没有打扫了。
(3)一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他?Has my letter been received?你收到我的信了吗？(4)特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他?How long has the car been used?这辆汽车用了多长时间了？3.学习现在完成时的被动语态应该注意以下几点：(1)现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去动作的延续或对现在造成的影响。
That important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.那个重要的问题已经讨论近两周了。
How many new words have been learned by the students?这些学生已经学会了多少生词？(2)被动语态没有完成进行时态，现在完成进行时的主动语态改为被动语态时用现在完成时。
He has been writing the report for two days.变为被动语态应为：The report has been written by him for two days.那份报告他已经写了两天了。
现在完成时的被动语态
4.Whoever breaks the law will be punished (punish)
探究发现
1. Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 2. Since the 1970s many new applications
on page 23.
放映结束 感谢各位批评指导！
谢 谢！
让我们共同进步
I’m sorry, but ithas been taken(take) already. 8. it’s said that the bridge has been closed (close)
for repairs for month.
改错
been 1. A personal computer has∧bought by us.
bought it.
has been used
6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. have been written
Homework
1. finish the exercise after class. 2. preview the passage Andy- the Android
2. Many problems has been found with our new
computer.
have
3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted. 4. Our computer jubsutilhtas been joined to the internet. 5. The computer whaassujsuesdt every day since we
现在完成时的被动语态精讲
1.---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
When and where to go for the on salary holiday ____ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
1. My hands are very dirty. I’ve been painting the house. 2. I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now it’s green.
1.(07湖南卷) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ________ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying (07江西)──I have got a headache. ──No wonder. You ____ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态have been done是现在完成时的被动语态结构。
现在完成时被动语态用法是高考的重要考点，学习时候应该注意下列几点：一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/ have been done, 使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。
如：This book has been translated into many languages.这本书已被译为多国语言。
His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已都卖完了。
二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：1) 动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：2）主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。
如：Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now.我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。
These flowers have been watered, you can go home. 这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。
三、现在完成时被动语态的用法1、用于不知道动作执行者是谁时His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被人偷了。
（不清楚是被谁偷的）2、用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。
（没人拿书，泛指）3、用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时My watch has been repaired. 我的表修好了。
（表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。
不必提及）4、用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时Enough has been said here on this question. 关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态【归纳】★现在完成时的被动语态的谓语构成形式：肯定式：have / has（has只用于第三人称单数，其余人称用have）+ been + 及物动词的过去分词。
如：The results of their experiments have already been published.The party has been planned since the new year.否定式：have / has + not + been +及物动词的过去分词。
如：They ha ven’t been told about it yet.一般疑问句形式：Have / Has +主语+ been +及物动词的过去分词。
如：—Have his books been sold out?—Yes. So you can’t buy one now.特殊疑问句形式：疑问词+ have / has + been +及物动词的过去分词。
如：How many experiments have been done by the students this month?★现在完成时的被动语态通常有以下两种情况：①表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常与之连用的时间状语有：for +一段时间，since +时间状语（从句），these days, so far, up to now, in the last / past few years等。
This class have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years.His Chinese has been improved a lot since he came to China.JK R owling’s novels have been translated into many foreign languages so far.②表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。
现在完成时态的被动语态用法例说
现在完成时态的被动语态用法例说现在完成时态的被动语态是被动语态中的重点。
本文拟从现在完成时态的被动语态的类型及常见错误的角度，对其用法进行归纳、总结和整理。
一、现在完成时态的被动语态类型[例1] Paper money________for over a thousand years.A. usedB. has been usedC. has usedD. is using[析] 主语和谓语是被动关系，而且时间状语是一个时间段，根据题意，谓语动词所要表示动作可能还要继续下去，符合现在完成时，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。
答案是B。
[例2] -We want to sit at the table near the window. -I'm sorry，but it________already.A. has takenB. tookC. was takenD. has been taken[析] 从题干中的答语知道，座位已经有人坐了，说明结果。
所以应该用现在完成时的被动式。
答案是D。
[例3] -________the letter________to Mr Black?-No. It's still on the desk.A. Has; givenB. Will; be givenC. Was; givenD. Has; been given[析] 此题是一道问答情景题。
问话人想知道的是动作的结果，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。
其疑问式是把这一结构中的助动词have或has提前，所以正确答案为是D。
[例4] -How long________at this job?-Since 1990.A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employed[析] how long 引导的是一个特殊疑问句，从how long和 since 1990我们可以确定应该是现在完成时，再从意义上看，应该使用被动语态，所以答案应该是B。
现在完成时被动语态
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4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
This book was 精品课件 published in
(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行 者。
如: The window was broken by Mike.
窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.
这本书是他写的。
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Exercises
中。 如： (1) How long has the machine been used？
这机器使用有多久了？ (2)He has been told about it for many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。 精品课件 （可能还会有人
1. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态
1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, take part in , cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。(字典里
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. 现在完成时的被动语态 一、概念 现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的 动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但 主语为动作的承受者，表示“…… 已经被……”。 如： （动作的承受者） The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。
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二、形式
(1)肯定式为：have/ has +been +done。
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一．构成：现在完成时被动语态的结构就是: 现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合.主动语态被动语态现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：1)主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了）被动句：_____________________________________.（这台机器已修了两小时了）2). 主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师把那些书借走了）被动句：_______________________________.. （那些书被老师借走了）二．现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作对现在造成的影响，它有两层意思：1) 动作_________，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：2）主语与谓语动词之间为__________。
如：Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now.析:该句强调教室已被打扫，对现在造成的影响是教室是干净的，强调这个影响，你就没必要再打扫了。
三、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1). 主语是行为动作的__________。
如：The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。
2). 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果，强调对现在__________。
The door has been locked. 门已经被锁上了。
（结果是现在没人能够进去）3). 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去，常与__________引导的时间状语连用，或用于“__________”句型中。
如：He has been told about it for many times.有人告诉他这事很多次了。
（可能还会有人告诉他）4). 用在____________________中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。
如：We’ll start a s soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身。
四．使用现在完成时被动语态注意事项:1). 副词的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于__________和__________中间。
如:[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.2). 并不是所有动词都有被动语态happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等____________________无被动语态。
如：[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.3)．但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。
但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的____________________。
如：eg 1) The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years.2）A notice has been put up on the wall.4.1）双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常将__________变为主语；但若直接将__________变为主语，则需要在间接宾语前加上适当的__________（to 或for）。
eg （1）His parents have given him a new bike recently.被动_______ has been given ____________ (by his parents) recently.被动_______ has been given____________ (by his parents) recently.4.2）带有复合宾语的动词在变为被动式时，只能够把__________变为主语，而原来的宾语补足语则变为相应的__________。
eg （2）I have asked him to post the letter.被动_______________________________________五、现在完成时被动语态的否定式和疑问式。
从现在完成时被动语态结构has/ have been done可以看出__________为助动词，因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于__________来完成。
构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加__________，构成一般疑问句时将__________提前，构成反意疑问句时，附加问句借助__________。
如：His homework hasn’t been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。
Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗？The blackboard has been cleaned, hasn’t it? 黑板已经擦过了，是吗？六、现在完成时被动语态例题讲解[例1] Paper money________for over a thousand years.A. usedB. has been usedC. has usedD. is using[析] 主语和谓语是被动关系，而且时间状语是一个时间段，根据题意，谓语动词所要表示动作可能还要继续下去，符合现在完成时，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。
答案是B。
[例2] —We want to sit at the table near the window. —I'm sorry，but it________already.A. has takenB. tookC. was takenD. has been taken[析] 从题干中的答语知道，座位已经有人坐了，说明结果。
所以应该用现在完成时的被动式。
答案是D。
[例3] —________the letter________to Mr Black?—No. It's still on the desk.A. Has; givenB. Will; be givenC. Was; givenD. Has; been given[析] 此题是一道问答情景题。
问话人想知道的是动作的结果，所以应该是现在完成时的被动式。
其疑问式是把这一结构中的助动词have或has提前，所以正确答案为是D。
[例4] —How long________at this job?—Since 1990.A. were you employedB. have you been employedC. had you been employedD. will you be employed[析] how long 引导的是一个特殊疑问句，从how long和 since 1990我们可以确定应该是现在完成时，再从意义上看，应该使用被动语态，所以答案应该是B。
[例5] The reason for all the changes being made________to us yet.A. as not explainedB. has not been explainedC. didn't explainD. were not explained[析] the reason 是主语中心词，它和谓语explain之间是被动关系；题干的意思是：还没有给我们解释作出变化的理由。
应该是现在完成时的被动式的否定式。
答案是B。
[例6] Great changes________in my hometown and a lot of factories________.A. have been taken place；are being set upB. have taken place；have been set upC. are taken place；had been set upD. had taken place；will be set up[析] take place 是不及物动词词组，因此没有被动语态；而factories和set up之间是被动关系；根据题干上下文可以看出，都应该是现在完成时，所以答案是B。
强化练习题I 单项选择1. My brother and I have _______ her birthday party.A.invited forB.been invited forC.invited toD.been invited to2. More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated3. —The window is dirty.—I know. It ______ for weeks.A. hasn't cleanedB. didn't cleanC. hasn't been cleanedD. wasn't cleaned4. The police find that the house ______ and a lot of things ______.A. has broken; has been stolenB. had broken; had been stolenC. has been broken; stolenD. had been broken; stolen5．Come and sit down by the fire．Your hand＿＿＿＿cold．A．has been felt B．feels C．is felt D．has felt6．The fire＿＿＿＿to the fifth floor．＿＿＿＿all the people＿＿＿＿？A．has got；Have；been saved B．has been got；Have；savedC．has got；Do；save D．has got；Have；saved7．Why don’t you go to the book store to buy some books？Many new books＿＿＿there．A．have just brought B．have just been broughtC．were just brought D．are just brought8．Till now，three films＿＿＿＿in that small village this month．A．have shown B．have been shown C．were shown D．will be shown9．Do you know the thief＿＿＿＿by the police？A．has caught B．has been catching C．was caught D．has been caught10．My sister is working in the power plant that＿＿＿for just one year．A．was used B．has been used C．is used D．has usedII. 主动句变被动句或被动句变主动句：1.We have brought down the price.________________________________.2.They have asked him some questions.________________________________.3.The cake has been eaten by him.________________________________.4.The house has been set fire to.________________________________.5.She hasn't been heard from since then.________________________________.。