岩石力学英文翻译

Sometimes it is suggested that mining engineering and its supporting engineering

sciences have reached a state of maturity. However, this proposition is inconsistent

with major developments in the twenty years that have elapsed since the preparation of

the first edition of this book, and the ten years since it has been subject to any substantial revision. Over those periods, innovations and improvements in engineering practice in mining and mining rock mechanics, and advances in the engineering science of rock mechanics, have been extraordinary. For these reasons the third edition, which

results from comprehensive and thorough revision of the earlier editions, has involved

the replacement or substantial modification of the equivalent of about half of the text

and figures of those versions of the book.

One of the key drivers for many significant developments in fundamental rock mechanics over the period has been the mining industry’s recognition of the economic

returns of better understanding and more rigorous application of the governing sciences embedded in its industrial operations and processes. The result has been some

notable advances in mining engineering practice, involving improvements in mining

methods in particular. For example, caving methods are now more widely applied

as understanding of their scientific basis has improved and their economic and operational advantages have been realised. Whereas sublevel caving was once regarded

in some places as a method of marginal interest, the advent of very large scale sublevel caving, made possible in part by improved drilling technology and in part by understanding of the governing rock mechanics, it is now an attractive proposition for

many orebodies. Similarly, block caving is now conducted efficiently and reliably in

orebody settings that would have been inconceivable two decades ago. At the same time, methods such as overhand cut-and-fill stoping and shrink stoping have declined

in application, replaced in part by open stoping and bench-and-fill stoping, where large scale mechanisation, improved backfill technology, reliable rock mass reinforcement

of stope walls and the intrinsic advantages of non-entry methods of working have led

to superior economics and enhanced operational safety.

The scope of developments in mining rock mechanics science and practice has been

as impressive as that in mining engineering. Perhaps the most significant advance has been the resolution of some longstanding issues of rock fracture, failure and strength

and their relation to the modes of deformation and degradation of rock around mining excavations. The fact that the key research on this topic was conducted at the Underground Research Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited demonstrates the extent to which mining rock mechanics has benefited from fundamental research in

other fields of rock engineering. The mechanics of blocky rock has also been a field of impressive development, particularly in regard to formulation of a broad spectrum of methods of analysis of block jointed rock and their application in excavation engineering and support and reinforcement design. More generally, improved understanding

of the mechanics of discontinuous rock has had a profound effect on simulation of

caving mechanics and therefore on the design and operation of block caving and

sublevel caving mines.

Mining-induced seismicity and the related phenomenon of rockbursts have become more prevalent in hard rock mining. Developments in mineworthy seismic equipment