梁实秋sonnet 18译文评析
主位结构下莎士比亚《Sonnet 18》及其中译本分析
主位结构下莎士比亚《Sonnet 18》及其中译本分析作者：乔瑒来源：《智富时代》2018年第06期【摘要】本文以系统功能语言学的主位结构为依据，对比分析《Sonnet 18》及其三个中译本，研究其主位和主位推进模式，探索主位结构在诗歌英译汉中的应用。
【关键词】主位结构；《Sonnet 18》；中译本一、引言文学巨匠莎士比亚为世人留下了瑰丽的十四行诗。
其中，第十八首《Sonnet 18》堪称经典，深受中国读者喜爱，其中译本多达数十版。
系统功能语言中的主位结构有助于人们理解和分析语篇。
本文以《Sonnet 18》以及梁宗岱、梁实秋和辜正坤三位学者翻译的中译本为研究对象，从主位结构和主位推进模式入手展开对比分析，以期探索主位结构在诗歌英译汉中的应用。
二、主位结构一个小句，可被切分为主位和述位。
主位常位于句首，但不等同于主语，可以是位于句首的宾语、状语等。
述位是主位之外的其他成分。
主位所表达的信息多为已知信息，述位多表达新信息。
韩礼德将主位分为“单项主位”、“复项主位”和“句项主位”。
单项主位表现为名词词组、副词词组或介词短语等只包含概念成分的主位。
复项主位表现为语篇成分、人际成分和概念成分构成的多种语义成分。
其中，概念成分为必须，语篇成分和人际成出现一个即可，不一定同时出现。
句项主位是表现为小句的、只包含概念成分的主位。
因此，可以将句项主位视为单项主位。
（胡壮麟，朱永生，张德禄，李站子 164-166）常见的主位推进模式有四种：放射型、聚合型、阶梯型和交叉型。
放射型主位推进模式中，几个句子共享一个主位，述位各不相同。
聚合型主位推进模式中，几个句子共享一个述位，主位各不相同。
阶梯型主位推进模式中，一个句子的述位充当下一个句子中的主位。
交叉型主位推进模式中，相邻两个句子的主位和述位有交叉。
三、《Sonnet 18》及其中译本对比分析《Sonnet 18》共14行，为了方便后续分析，将全诗分为了10个小句。
Sonnet 18 诗歌赏析
English Poetry Appreciation --Sonnet 18 1.RhymeThe first 12 lines rhyme every other line and the last two lines’ end rhymes are the same, which forms therhyme-scheme of abab,cdcd,efef,gg.(Sonnet 18William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? /ei/ aThou art more lovely and more temperate: /eit/ bRough winds do shake the darling buds of May, /ei/ aAnd summer’s lease hath all too short a date, /ei t/ bSometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, /aiz/ cAnd often is his gold complexion dimed:/imd/ dAnd every fair form fair sometimes declines, /aiz/ cBy chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d: /imd/ dBut thy eternal summer shall not fade, /eid/ eNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st: /əʊst/ fNor shall death br ag thou wander’st in his shade, /eid/ e When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. /əʊst / fSo long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, /iː/ gSo long lives this, and this gives life to thee./iː/ g)2.MeterEach line in this sonnet is in iambic pentameter which means each line has five feet, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable.For example,we can divide the first line into five independent feet as “Shall I / compare / thee to/ a sum / mer’s day?”with accents on shall,com,thee,a,mer respectively. (Sonnet 18William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Shall I/ compare/ thee to/ a sum/mer’s day?Thou art/ more love/ly and/ more tem/perate:Rough winds/ do shake/ the dar/ling buds/ of May,And sum/mer’s lease/ hath all/ too short/ a date:Sometimes/ too hot/ the eye/ of hea/ven shinesAnd of/ten is/ his gold/ complexion dimm’d;And eve/ry fair/ form fair/ sometimes/ declines,By chance/ or na/ture’s changing/ course un/trimm’d;But thy/ eter/nal sum/mer shall/ not fade,Nor lose/ posse/ssion of/ that fair/ thou ow’st;Nor shall/ death brag/ thou wan/der’st in/ his shade.When in/ eter/nal lines/ to time/ thou grow’st:So long/ as men/ can breathe/,or eyes/ can see,So long/ lives this/,and this/ gives life/ to thee.)3.The Rhetorical Devices3.1 Simile and Rhetoric QuestionExample: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Simile: Summer and “you”are not similar on the surface, but virtually they are the representatives of beauty.Rhetoric Question:It is also a rhetorical question, that is, formally it’s a question.Readers don't need to answerbecause the answer is very clear.3.2 MetaphorExample:And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:The summer’s day is compared to a house, which is the thing we lend from the nature. Therefore, it’s period of use is limited, and it also insinuates the time that the duration of youth and beauty is limited.3.3 PersonificationExample:And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;Obviously the poet compares the sun to a man, so he depicts his complexion. (Complexion is usually used to describe someone.)3.4 HyperboleExample:But thy eternal summer shall not fade,According to the laws of nature, every beautiful thing will gradually lose their beauty, so how can the beauty of the person who the poet describes be eternal?4.ThemeIn the beginningquatrain, the poet compares his friend to a beautiful summer’s day in order to arouse readers’wonderful imagination. However, the poet realizes that the metaphor can’t express his high praise for his friend because summerwill fade away though it’s beautiful. Then how to make the beauty of his friend eternal? The poet finally thinks of the poetry. He thinks that with the power of the poem, he can make the beauty of his friend immortal. That is to say, the beauty of his friend is immoral in that the poetry is eternal.In a word, the poem expresses the two themes. For one thing, the poet highly praises the beauty of his friend, and foranother thing, the poet also eulogizes the poetry art’s beauty and immortality.。
Sonnet 18 赏析
e
f
11 Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,e 12 When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st. 13 So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, 14 So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. f g g
Alliteration: “And” “And”, “By” “But”, “So” “So”
Simile: “Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?” Metaphor: “And summer's lease hath all too short a date.” Personification: “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” Hyperbole: “But thy eternal summer shall not fade”
Theme: love is the only thing that can conquer all the things in the
world and the beauty is the immortal thing that can neverYOU!
6 And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
7 And every fair from fair sometime declines,
Sonnet 18的分析
十四行诗起源于13世纪的意大利，16世纪上半叶由英国诗人 萨利和魏阿特引入英国，风靡一时。莎士比亚的十四行诗早 在1960年前发表就以手抄本的形式流传民间，其主题思想以 歌颂爱情与友谊为主。这些诗共154首，分为三组。第一组 （1～126首）写给一位青年男子，诗人告诫他要早些结婚， 生儿育女; 第二组（127～152）描写一位姿色不佳的“黑肤 女郎”（dark lady），诗人对他的态度是毫不掩饰的喜欢； 第三组（153～154）与前两组毫无关系，好像是同一首诗 写了两遍。在韵脚上，莎士比亚创作了自己的诗韵，即有名 的莎士比亚十四行诗韵：abab, cdcd, efef, gg。
万物在春季复苏夏天旺盛所以夏天是生命最旺盛的季节诗歌前六句诗人歌颂了诗中的主人公你作为美的存在却把夏天娇蕾和烈日都比下去因为它们不够温婉太短暂会被遮暗所以你的魅力远远胜于夏天
Sonnet 18
By William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare 1564-1616
He was born on 23 April 1564 and died on 23 April 1616.
you
you
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? gentle You are Thou art more lovely and more temperate: strong winds lovely charming; Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, pleasing duration, time allotted has And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sonnet18赏析
赏析：莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。
莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。
他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。
据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。
这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。
也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。
当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。
莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。
他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。
诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。
诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。
自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。
那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。
但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。
五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。
这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。
而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。
“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。
“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。
“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。
那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。
诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。
全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。
诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。
Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heart.The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers areblooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-containedclause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.。
Sonnet 18-1
押韵 rhyme抑扬格 iambic五音步 pentameterSonnet历史Sonnet 18 译文赏析 Interpretation in detail威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare, 1564-1616）是英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家和诗人。
他的剧作和十四行诗受到全世界人民的喜爱，也是全世界人民的文化遗产。
在中国，他的十四行诗的普及性超过了他的戏剧（尽管事实上和他的诗歌比起来，他的戏剧更成功）。
而在他的十四行诗中，Sonnet 18就是人们偏爱中的一首。
这种诗行也叫做英国式十四行诗。
它由英国诗人怀特（Sir Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542）从意大利引入（他的诗歌的韵脚大多为abba abba cddc ee），由萨雷（Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, 约1517-1547）改造（韵脚为abab cdcd efef gg），为莎士比亚在十四行诗所使用。
也正是由于这首诗的典型性和代表性，它出现在了中国关于英语诗歌的大部分书籍里。
为了更好地探讨诗歌的赏评，现就本诗先作一个简要的赏析。
这首诗是莎士比亚献给一位“黑肤女性”（the dark lady）的（也有人认为，第1至126首十四行诗都是献给一位贵族男士的），也是公认的名篇。
全诗的基本节律是五音步抑扬格，包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个两行组(couplet)。
韵脚为abab cdcd efef gg。
原文和韵律标注如下（“∨” 为弱音，“—”为强音）：Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date;Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm’d；And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st;So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— a ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— b ——∨—∨—∨—∨— a ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— b ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— c ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— d ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— c ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— d ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— e∨—∨—∨∨∨—∨— f∨∨——∨—∨∨∨— e∨∨∨—∨—∨—∨— f ∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— g∨—∨—∨—∨—∨— g这里我们不难看出，在第三行里，“rough winds”的出现打破了全诗抑扬格的节奏，使读者感到了夏日里狂风的残暴，从而衬托出了“你”的温柔。
sonnet18诗歌解析
sonnet18诗歌解析莎士比亚的Sonnet 18是他最著名的十四行诗之一，也被称为“夏天之歌”。
这首诗是一首十四行抒情诗，采用了典型的莎士比亚十四行诗的结构，包括三个四行的四行诗和一个以两行组成的结尾的双行诗。
诗歌的主题是赞美诗人所爱的对象，并通过比喻夸赞她的美丽和永恒。
在这首诗中，诗人将他所爱的人比作夏天，但也指出夏天的美丽是短暂的，而她的美丽将永远存在下去。
首先，诗歌的开头两行“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate:”表明了诗人要将他所爱的人与夏天进行对比，但随后他又指出她比夏天更可爱更温和。
这种对比突出了她的美丽和永恒。
其次，诗中提到“Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,”这句话描绘了夏天的风暴和动荡，与此形成对比的是“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines”，表达了夏天的酷热。
这些描述强调了夏天的不稳定和短暂，与诗人所爱的人的美丽形成了对比。
此外，诗中还提到“But thy eternal summer shall notfade”，这句话表达了诗人对所爱人美丽永恒的信念，即使时间流逝，她的美丽也不会凋谢。
最后，诗歌的结尾两行“So long as men can breathe oreyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”表达了诗人的信念，即只要人类存在，这首诗也将永存下去，而她的美丽也将因此而得以永生。
总的来说，Sonnet 18是一首赞美之歌，通过对比夏天的短暂和变化与所爱人的永恒美丽，表达了诗人对所爱人的赞美和珍视之情。
这首诗以其优美的语言和深刻的意境，成为了莎士比亚诗歌中的经典之作。
莎士比亚-sonnet-18-29-66的中文翻译及评析
18莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。
他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。
诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。
诗的开头将“你〞和夏天相比较。
自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。
那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。
但是，“你〞却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。
五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。
这自然界最美的季节和“你〞相比也要逊色不少。
而“你〞能克服这些自然界的不足。
“你〞在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你〞美的任何东西都不会有所损失。
“你〞是人世的永恒，“你〞会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。
“你〞是什么？“你〞与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。
那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。
诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。
全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。
诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。
二十九首就是其中的一首。
这首诗热情地歌颂爱情,诗人在创作这首诗时,充分发挥了十四行诗的长处,采用了“先抑后扬〞手法,层层推进,波澜起伏,道出了诗人的思想感情发展变化过程,开头四句这样写道:When ,in disgrace with Fortune and men’ eyes ,sI all alone beweep my outcast state ,And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries ,And look upon myself ,and curse my fate ,从这四句我们可以读出,一开始诗人悲悲切切地唱出自己的悲惨处境“in disgrace with Fortune and,men’ eyes (失去了幸福,又遭人白眼。
第18首十四行诗
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’dBut thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee.译文1：让我如何来把你比作夏天你比夏天还要可爱，而且柔软：暴风的五月摧残了鲜嫩的蓓蕾，夏天那无情的赁期，又实在是太短:有时候太阳的照耀又会太烈，而且那辉煌的面孔也难免乌云的遮掩；每一种美丽，都会有衰谢的一天，或者由于无常，或者因为自然。
可是你的夏天却不会凋谢，你的美丽，也永远不会消散；虽然骄傲的死亡可以在夏天投下阴影，但是不朽的诗行将照亮你的鲜妍。
只要有一个人还在呼吸，还能阅读，这首诗就活着，让你的青春生动依然。
SONNET 18赏析
SONNET 18赏析Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ows't;Nor shall Death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.赏析：莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。
莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。
他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。
据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。
这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。
sonnet18最后两句的理解
sonnet18最后两句的理解在莎士比亚的十四行诗中，Sonnet 18以其独特的艺术魅力深受人们的喜爱。
这首诗以其细腻的情感表达，深邃的哲理思考，成为了文学史上的经典之作。
而最后两句，更是以其深刻的内涵和无穷的启示性，引发了无数人的深思。
Sonnet 18的主题是友情和爱的统一，诗人通过描绘自己与朋友之间的深厚情谊，表达了对生命的珍视和对友情的赞美。
诗人在前文已经铺陈了丰富的情感，将友情的深厚和爱情的美好融为一体，最后两句便是这种情感的升华和总结。
“你的美德使我的爱情更深，正如我的挚爱赋予你美德。
”这两句诗的含义深远，需要我们从多个角度去理解和剖析。
首先，从字面上看，诗人表达的是他的美德（即他的优秀品质）和他的爱情（他对朋友的深情）是相互依存的，他们共同构成了他的人格魅力。
其次，这两句诗也隐含着更深一层的含义，即友情的可贵和美好。
诗人通过赞美朋友的品质，表达了对友情的珍视和敬仰。
同时，他也通过赞美自己的爱情，传达了对生命中重要的人的深深感激和珍视。
这两句诗给我们的启示是：在人生的旅途中，我们应当珍视和尊重身边的每一个人，尤其是那些对我们有重要影响的人。
我们应当学会欣赏他人的优点，赞美他人的美好品质，因为这些品质会反过来影响我们自己，使我们的生活更加美好。
同时，我们也应当珍视自己的情感，感恩生命中遇到的每一个人，因为正是这些人的存在，让我们的生命变得更加丰富多彩。
在实际生活中，这样的理念有着广泛的应用。
例如，在职场中，我们应该学会欣赏和尊重同事的优点，感激他们的付出和努力，因为这些优秀品质会感染我们，使我们更加努力工作，提升自己。
在家庭中，我们应该赞美和理解家人，感激他们的陪伴和支持，因为这些是我们生活的动力和源泉。
Sonnet 18的最后两句不仅仅是关于友情和爱的赞美，更是对生命和人生的思考。
它告诉我们，生命的价值不在于我们拥有多少物质财富，而在于我们如何去生活，如何去珍视和尊重身边的每一个人。
Sonnet18及赏析(可编辑修改版).
point, seems to be just the speaker’s opinion, but to prove the poem more temperate, he explains, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May”: the “rough winds” that blow the young buds of flowers about is certainly not mild or temperate. And also summer just does not last very long; it has “all too short a date.”The poem, when compared to a summer’s day, is better; its beauty and mildness do not end as summer along with its “summer’s day”does. The reader wonder why the speaker, just after claiming his intention of comparing the poem to a “summer’s day,” then first compares it to a spring day—“the darling buds of May.”Even before summer begins, the May flowers are being tossed about by intemperate breezes; therefore, it stands to reason that if the prelude to summer has its difficulties, one can expect summer have its own unique problems that the poem, of course, will lack. Second Quatrain –“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” In the second quatrain, the speaker continues elucidating his complaints that diminish summer’s value in this comparison: sometimes the sunshine makes the temperature too hot: “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.” The sun often hides behind clouds, “often is his gold complexion dimm’d.”The reader can realize the implications here: that these inconvenient qualities do no plague the poem. Then the speaker makes a generalization that everything in nature including the seasons—and he has chosen the best season, after all; he did not advantage his argument by comparing the poem to a winter day—and even people degenerates with time, either by happenstance or by processes the human mind does not comprehend or simply by the unstoppable course of nature: "And every fair from fair sometime declines, / By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d.” So far, the speaker has mused that he shall compare the poem to a summer day, and the summer day is losing: even before summer begins, the winds of May are often brutal to the young flowers; summer never lasts long; sometimes the sun is too hot and sometimes it hides behind clouds, and besides everything—even the good things—in nature diminishes in time. Third Quatrain –“But thy eternal summer shall not fade” In the third quatrain, the speaker declares the advantages that the poem has over the summer day: that unlike the summer day, the poem shall remain eternally; its summer will not end as the natural summer day must. Nor will the poem lose its beauty, and even death cannot claim the poem, because it will exist “in eternal lines”that the poet will continue to write, “When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.” The Couplet –“This gives life to thee” The couplet—“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”—claims that as long as someone is alive to read it, the poem will have life.。
莎士比亚十四行诗第18首汉译
莎士比亚十四行诗第18首汉译1，朱湘译文我来比你作夏天，好不好？不，你比它更可爱，更温和：暮春的娇花有暴风侵扰，夏住在人间的时日不多：有时候天之目亮得太凌人，他的金容常被云霾掩蔽，有时因了意外，四季周行，今天的美明天已不再美丽：你的永存之夏却不黄萎，你的美丽亦将长寿万年，你不会死，死神无从夸嘴，因为你的名字入了诗篇：一天还有人活着，有眼睛，你的名字便将于此常新。
2，李霁野译文我来将你比作夏天吗?你比夏天更为可爱,更为温和:暴风摇落五月的柔嫩花芽,夏季的租赁期限要短得多:有的时候太阳照得太热,他的金色面孔常变阴暗;每种美有时都会凋零衰谢,由于机缘,或者由于自然变幻;但是你的永久夏季不会衰败,你的美也永远不会丧失;死亡不至夸口:你在他的阴影里徘徊, 当你在不朽的诗行中度日:——只要人还能呼吸，眼睛还能看望，这些诗行就会永存，使你万寿无疆。
3，梁宗岱译文我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。
只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。
4，梁实秋译文我可能把你和夏天相比拟？你比夏天更可爱更温和：狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地，夏天也嫌太短促，匆匆而过：有时太阳照得太热，常常又遮暗他的金色的脸；美的事物总不免要凋落，偶然的，或是随自然变化而流转。
但是你的永恒之夏不会褪色；你不会失去你的俊美的仪容；死神不能夸说你在他的阴影里面走着，如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生；只要人们能呼吸，眼睛能看东西，此诗就会不朽，使你永久生存下去。
5，屠岸译文能不能让我把你比拟作夏日？你可是更加温和，更加可爱：狂风会吹落五月的好花儿，夏季的生命又未免结束得太快：有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的仪态；死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同在；只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。
莎士比亚十四行诗sonnet 18译文比较研究
莎士比亚十四行诗sonnet 18译文比较研究莎士比亚的十四行诗sonnet 18是一首经典的爱情诗，其中描述了莎士比亚对一位美丽的女子的爱慕之情。
下面是这首诗的英文原文和中文译文：英文原文：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd;But thy eternal beauty shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.中文译文：我可以把你比作一个夏日吗？你更加可爱，更加温和。
五月里，狂风摇晃着娇贵的花蕾，夏天的收益只有短暂的期限。
有时太阳的眼睛灼热地闪耀，经常他的金色肤色变得黯淡；美女们都有时会衰顿，不是因为命运，就是因为自然的变化；但是你永恒的美丽不会消逝，也不会失去那份你应有的美丽；死亡也不会夸耀说你走进他的阴影，当你在永恒的诗句中与时光同长：只要人们还能呼吸或眼睛能看见，这首诗就会存在，并为你增添生命。
Sonnet18及赏析
Sonnet18Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.point, seems to be just the speaker’s opinion, but to prove the poem more temperate, he explains, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May”: the “rough winds” that blow the young buds of flowers about is certainly not mild or temperate. And also summer just does not last very long; it has “all too short a date.”The poem, when compared to a summer’s day, is better; its beauty and mildness do not end as summer along with its “summer’s day”does. The reader wonder why the speaker, just after claiming his intention of comparing the poem to a “summer’s day,” then first compares it to a spring day—“the darling buds of May.”Even before summer begins, the May flowers are being tossed about by intemperate breezes; therefore, it stands to reason that if the prelude to summer has its difficulties, one can expect summer have its own unique problems that the poem, of course, will lack.Second Quatrain –“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines”In the second quatrain, the speaker continues elucidating his complaints that diminish summer’s value in this comparison: sometimes the sunshine makes the temperature too hot: “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines.” The sun often hides behind clouds, “often is his gold complexion dimm’d.” The reader can realize the implications here: that these inconvenient qualities do no plague the poem.Then the speaker makes a generalization that everything in nature including the seasons—and he has chosen the best season, after all; he did not advantage his argument by comparing the poem to a winter day—and even people degenerates with time, either by happenstance or by processes the human mind does not comprehend or simply by the unstoppable course of nature: "And every fair from fair sometime declines, / By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d.”So far, the speaker has mused that he shall compare the poem to a summer day, and the summer day is losing: even before summer begins, the winds of May are often brutal to the young flowers; summer never lasts long; sometimes the sun is too hot and sometimes it hides behind clouds, and besides everything—even the good things—in nature diminishes in time.Third Quatrain –“But thy eternal summer shall not fade”In the third quatrain, the speaker declares the advantages that the poem has over the summer day: that unlike the summer day, the poem shall remain eternally; its summer will not end as the natural summer day must. Nor will the poem lose its beauty, and even death cannot claim the poem, because it will exist “in eternal lines”that the poet will continue to write, “When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.”The Couplet –“This gives life to thee”The couplet—“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”—claims that as long as someone is alive to read it, the poem will have life.。
sonnet 18 的逐句解析
Sonnet 18原文1: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?释义1: Can I compare you to a summer’s day? In England, summer is the best season of a year, because summer brings warmer and sunnier weather compared to the other seasons. This change in climate allows people to spend more time outdoors, enjoy outdoor activities, and experience longer daylight hours.原文2: Thou art more lovely and more temperate.释义2: “More lovely” means that “you” are more beautiful or attractive. “More temperate” suggests that “you” possesses a more moderate and balanced temperament or nature.原文3: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.释义3:⚫“Rough winds” refers to strong or harsh winds, highlighting the forceful nature of the weather. ⚫“Do shake” indicates that the rough winds are causing a shaking or disturbance.⚫“The darling buds of May” refers to the delicate and beloved flower buds that bloom in the month of May.It symbolizes the beauty and potential of nature. this line portrays the vulnerability and fragility of nature. It suggests that even the most cherished and delicate aspects of life, represented by the tender flower buds of May, are not immune to the turbulent forces of the world, here represented by the rough winds.原文4: And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date释义4:⚫“And Summer’s lease” refers to the limited time or duration of summer.⚫“Lease” here can be understood as a leasehold or a period of time.⚫“Hath all too short a date” means that the time allocated to summer is considered too brief or insufficient. this line expresses the speaker’s sadness about the fleeting nature of summer.It reflects the common experience of longing for the summer season to last longer, as the warmth, beauty, and enjoyment associated with summer are cherished but inherently temporary.原文5: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,释义5: the eye of heaven here refers to the sun, and Shakespeare suggests that sometimes the sun shines too intensely or with excessive heat. In Shakespearean sonnets, the “eye of heaven” is often associated with beauty, light, and divine power. By suggesting that the eye of heaven shines too hot, the speaker could be expressing the idea that even the most beautiful and powerful things can sometimes be overwhelming or excessive.原文6: And often is his gold complexion dimm’d:释义6: In this line, Shakespeare continues to describe the sun and its changing appearance, the phrase “his gold complexion” refers to the sun’s radiant and golden appearance. The word “dimm’d” suggests that the sun’s brightness or brilliance is frequently diminished because of the clouds. Connected with the previous line, Shakespeare tries to point out that the sun is sometimes too hot,too shiny, sometimes be covered by clouds or diminished in time.原文7: And every fair from fair sometime declines释义7: The word “fair” here refers to anything that is beautiful or lovely. This line suggest that everything beautiful eventually loses its beauty or fades away, all the beautiful things will eventually decline or deteriorate over time.原文8: By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;释义8: The phrase “by chance” refers to the possibility that beauty may fade away unexpectedly, without any specific reason or cause. The expression “nature’s changing course untrimm’d” indicates that the fading of beauty is a natural and inevitable process. It emphasizes the idea that even nature itself, with its constant cycles and changes, does not intervene or alter this course. The word “untrimm’d” suggests that beauty is not preserved or maintained, but is subject to the natural order of things.原文9: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,释义9: Your beauty will not fade away or lose brightness, your beauty will always be remembered no mater how the nature’s course changed.原文10: Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,释义10: You will never lose your inherent beauty or the qualities that make you attractive. It suggests that your beauty is a part of who you are and will always belong to you.原文11: Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,释义11: Even death will not be able to claim or overshadow the person’s beauty原文12: When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st;释义12: “eternal lines” here refers to this sonnet, you will grow in these lines, this sonnet, I will immortalize your beauty.原文13: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,原文14: So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.释义: As long as men are alive and able to see, this poem will continue to exist and will give life to you, in this sonnet, Shakespeare is expressing the timeless nature of his poetry. He claims that as long as humanity exists and can appreciate beauty, his words will endure, immortalizing the subject of the poem and preserving their memory。
_或许我可以将你比作春日_对莎士比亚第18首十四行诗的重新解读_沈弘
外国文学评论 N o .1, 2007 S u m e r i s i c o m e ni n , L h u d es i n gc u c c u . G r o w e t hs e da n db l o w e t hm e d A n ds p r i n g t ht h ew u d en u .
“s p r i n g ” ( 春天 )虽然是来自古英语 , 但是 古英 语 中 的 “ s p r i n g a n ” 和 中 古英 语 中 的 “s p r i n g e ” 都只是动词 , 表示 “跳跃 ”、 “上 升 ” 和 “生长 ”。 正是因为这些特性跟万物 复苏的春天有直接的关联 , 才使得这个动词 在早期现代英语中衍生出一个特指 “春天 ” 的名词 。 与此相对 应的是 “ f a l l ” ( 落下 ) 这个动 词 , 其 古 英语 的形 式为 “ f e a l l a n ”, 中古英语为 “ f a l l e ”。 因它常被用于表示秋 季落叶的过程 , 所以它也在早期现代英语衍 生出一个特 指 “秋天 ” 的 名词 。 这 个词由 17世纪的清教徒带到 了大西洋彼岸的新大 陆 , 所以直 到现在 , 美语中 的 “秋天 ” 还 是称作 “f a l l ”。 正是 由 于 中 古 英 语 中 没 有 专 门 表 示 “春天 ” 和 “秋天 ” 的 名词 , 所 以 “ s u m m e r ” ( 一般拼写为 “ s u m e r ” 或 “s o m e r ”) 一词可兼指春夏 , 而 “ w i n t e r ” 一词往往兼 指秋 冬。 尤其 是在中 古英 语抒 情诗 中, “s u m m e r ” 一词常被用来泛指春天 。 请看下 面这首题为 “S u m e r i s i c u m e ni n ” ( “春天已 经来到 ”)的中古英语抒情诗歌的头一段 : · 13·