最新小学英语反义词和同义词近义词教学讲义PPT
语言学同义词与反义词 ppt课件
E.g. help --- aid careful --- cautious end --- finish --- complete care --- concern --- anxiety --- worry able --- capable --- competent --- qualified
C. Social opposites : husband – wife teacher-student finance -fiancée
反义词的应用
❖ 把反义词放在一起用,使两个词相得益彰,可产生对比强烈 ,形象鲜明的效果。英语的成语当中,有一类成对词就是用 反义词组成的:
❖ first and last(总的来说), ❖ to play fast and loose(反复无常),等等。 ❖ 许多谚语里都成对地使用反义词: ❖ “More haste, less speed”(欲速则不达), ❖ “United we stand, divided we fall”(团结则存,分裂则亡), ❖ "Hope for the best and prepare for the worst"(从最好处希望
(1)The assertion of one means the denial of the other,and the denial of one means the assertion of the other.
(2)can’t be modified by “very” (3)Do not have comparative and superlative degrees (4)Do not have intermediate degrees
小学英语总复习-反义词、近义词、对应词、同音词
小学英语反义词、同义词、对应词、同音词1. 反义词(1)quick slow (28)happy sad/unhappy (2)laugh cry (29)far near(3)fast slow,slowly (30)below above (4)close open (31)long short closed open tall short(5)small big (32)in out(6)full empty/hungry inside outside (7)hard Easy/soft (33)on under(8)behind in front of (34)first last(9)wrong right/correct (35)heavy light left right (36)old young/new (10)clean dirty (37)few many (11)young old (38)hungry full new old empty full(12)left right/wrong (39)hate like(13)bottom top (40)white black (14)cool warm (41)stop begin/start (15)like dislike/hate (42)sit stand (16)dark bright/light (43)yes no(17)much little (44)go come (18)cheap expensive/dear (45)different same (19)always never (46)many few(20)high low (47)wet dry(21)old new/young (48)weak strong (22)west east (49)dear cheap (23)cry laugh (50)cold hot(24)slow quick/fast (51)good bad(25)north south (52)short long/tall (26)late early (53)night day(27)thin thick/fat (54)safe dangerous1(55)Ask answer (51)here there (56)quiet Noisy/loud (62)win lose (57)up down (63)after before (58)ill healthy (64)busy free (59)Beautiful ugly (65)interesting boring (60)easy Hard/difficult (66)upstairs downstairs 2. 同义词(1)above on (16)bike bicycle (2)father dad (17)under below (3)kid child (18)evening night (4)glad happy (19)speak talk/say (5)fast quick (20)see watch/look (6)mother mum (21)hear listen (7)below under (22)love like/enjoy (8)hello HI (23)gift present (9)plane airplane (24)laugh smile (10)much many (25)shop store (11)few little (26)hate dislike (12)small little (27)learn study (13)big large (28)dear expensive (14)picture photo (29)begin start (15)movie film (30)faster quicker (16)study learn (57)tall high (17)find Discover/look for (34)nice Good3. 对应词(1)brother sister (8)uncle aunt (2)this that (9)morning evening these those (10)tomorrow yesterday (3)man woman (11)waitress waiter (4)daughter son (12)red green (5)mother father (13)wife husband (6)grandfather grandmother (14)girlfriend boyfriend (7)boy girl24. 同音词(1)sea see (11)know NO (2)meat meet (12)for four (3)I eye (13)buy bye (4)too two/to (14)wear where (5)sun son (15)Hour our (6)deer dear (16)flower flour (7)there their (17)Aren’t aunt (8)Who’s whose (18)here hear (9)be bee (19)pear pair (10)father farther (20)hi high3。
13同义词反义词(课堂PPT)
日——太阳 秫——高粱
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(二)一般词汇
基本词汇以外的词汇就是一般词汇,又称非基本 语汇,包括方言词、古语词、外来词、行业语、新 词等。
一般词汇的特点没有基本词汇那样较强的稳固性, 但却有很大的灵活性。 (1)一般词汇是经常变动的。社会的急剧发展,在语 言中首先反映在一般词汇上。新词总是先进入一般 词汇,然后又以部分可能进入基本词汇。
①我们要耐心教育孩子,不要伤害了他们的自 尊心。
②损害集体利益的事,是不能干的。
③决不容许犯罪分子危害人民的生命财产安全
。
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(三)同义词的作用
(1)可以使语言表达得精确、严密。 老舍《关于文学的语言问题》中谈到:长辈拍晚 辈肩膀:“小伙子,搞得不错呀!”试用做、干 ,保准没用搞字恰当亲切。
(2)可以使语体风格鲜明。 鲁迅先生逝Байду номын сангаас,噩耗传来,全国震惊。
如:白(词)—不白(短语)(×) 大白菜—小白菜(短语) (×)
(3)语用条件: 在人们的语言实践中,一组词经常被对举使用 ,并不是因为有严格的矛盾对立关系,而是与
人们的社会心理及民族习惯有关。如: 春—秋 苦—甜 猫/鼠
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※多义词的反义词问题:
多义词有几个意义,它的每个意义都可能有反 义词例如:
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1、范围: (1)有关自然界事物的:
天、地、风、云、水、火、雷等 (2)有关生活与生产资料的:
灯、菜、布、笔、刀、车、船等 (3)有关人体各部分的:
心、头、手、脚、牙等 (4)有关亲属关系的:
爷爷、奶奶、爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、姐姐等
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(5)有关人或事物的行为、变化的:
反义词ppt课件文字可编辑
反义词ppt课件文字可编辑目录引言提高词汇掌握能力拓展思维辅助语文教学030201目的和背景适用范围和对象适用范围适用对象反义词概述01 02绝对反义词相对反义词语义对立反义词所表达的概念在语义上是对立的。
语境依赖反义词的理解和使用需要依赖具体的语境。
文化内涵反义词往往承载着一定的文化内涵和价值取向。
常见反义词解析善良与邪恶白天与黑夜描述人的性格或行为的两个对立面,善良代表仁爱、宽容,邪恶则代表残忍、自私。
真理与谬误扩大与缩小描述事物规模或范围的变化趋势,扩大指事物规模或范围逐渐增大,缩小则是逐渐减小。
出现与消失表示事物存在的状态变化,出现指事物由无到有,消失则是由有到无。
上升与下降表示事物在数量、质量或地位等方面的变化趋势,上升指数量增加、质量提高或地位提升,下降则是相反。
形容词与形容词反义词美丽与丑陋快乐与悲伤宽敞与狭窄副词与副词反义词经常与偶尔01迅速与缓慢02容易与困难03反义词在语境中的运用上下文语境中的反义词通过上下文语境理解反义词反义词在句子中的对比效果上下文语境中的反义词举例情感语境中的反义词表达情感语境中的反义词运用情感语境中的反义词举例反义词作为修辞手法反义词修辞手法的种类反义词修辞手法举例反义词的辨析与误用警示常见易混淆反义词辨析“高”与“低”表示高度或水平时相对,但在某些语境中(如声音、温度)可能表示相反意义。
“大”与“小”通常指体积、面积、数量等,但需注意在特定场合(如年龄、重要性)中的区别。
“快”与“慢”描述速度或节奏,但在某些情况下(如反应速度、思维敏捷度)可能有不同含义。
反义词误用案例分析语境不当01褒贬误用02搭配不当03010204提高反义词使用准确性建议熟悉反义词的基本含义和用法,注意其在不同语境中的变化。
了解反义词的褒贬色彩和感情倾向,避免在表达中出现歧义或误解。
注重反义词的搭配和协调,确保语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
多阅读、多积累,提高对反义词的敏感度和运用能力。
《同义词和反义词》PPT课件
3.语义场分类:
类属义场(座椅凳);顺序义场(一二三);
关系义场(老师*学生);
同义义场;反义义场;
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三、同义义场和同义词
1.定义: 意义相同或相近的词组成的语义场叫做同义义场,
同义义场中的各个词叫做同义词。
包括:等义词:青霉素- 盘尼西林 肥皂 -胰子 近义词:坚决- 坚定 自豪- 骄傲 -自满
语法意义:词性及语法功能:深刻- 深入 愿望- 希望
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练习:分析下列同义词的区别
厌恶- 讨厌- 厌烦 鼓励- 怂恿 铲除- 拔除- 根除 持续- 继续
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四、反义义场和反义词
1.定义:
两个意义相反或相对的词构成反义义场,这两个词互为 反义词。短语不属于此范畴,如“好-不好”。
2.分类: 互补反义义场:非此即彼,生- 死 动- 静 有- 无 极性反义义场:非此未必是彼,白- 黑 东- 西 冷-热
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2.义素分析: 步骤:确立相关性;找出区别特征;分类表达
例:男人 女人 男人——[+人][+男性][+成年] 女人——[+人][- 男性][+成年]
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练习:完成下面的义素分析矩阵图:
交通工具 自行车 公共汽车 飞机 电梯
陆路
机动
载人 用汽油
分析义素:伯伯 叔叔 姑姑
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第四节 同义词和反义词
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一、义素
1.义素:词义的最小意义单位,也就是词义的区 别特征。例如 :
灌木:矮小而丛生的木本植物。
乔木:树干高大,主干和分枝有明显区别的木本植物。
小学英语总复习-反义词、近义词、对应词、同音词(1)
小学英语反义词、同义词、对应词、同音词1. 反义词(1)quick slow (31)happy sad(2)laugh cry (32)tall short (3)fast slow,slowly (33)below above (4)close open (34)clean dirt (5)small big (35)in out(6)hard easy (36)wrong right (7)behind in front of (37)first last (8)long short (38)heavy light (9)far near (39)young old (10)on under (40)few many (11)stop begin/start (41)hungry full (12)left right (42)hate like (13)bottom top (43)white black (14)cool warm (44)old young (15)like dislike/hate (45)sit stand (16)dark bright (46)yes no (17)much little (47)go come (18)cheap expensive/dear (48)different same (19)always never (49)many few (20)high low (50)wet dry (21)new old (51)weak strong (22)west east (52)dear cheap (23)cry laugh (53)cold hot (24)slower quicker/faster (54)good bad (25)north south (55)short long/tall (26)late early (56)night day (27)thin thick (57)safe dangerous (28)outside inside (58)here there (29)quiet loud (59)win lose (30)up down (60)after before12. 同义词(1)above on (16)bike bicycle (2)father dad (17)under below (3)kid child (18)evening night (4)glad happy (19)speak talk/say (5)fast quick (20)see watch/look (6)mother mom (21)hear listen (7)below under (22)love love (8)hello hi (23)gift present (9)plane airplane (24)laugh smile (10)much many (25)shop store (11)few little (26)hate dislike (12)small little (27)learn study (13)big large (28)dear expensive (14)picture photo (29)begin start (15)movie film (30)faster quick3. 对应词(1)brother sister (9)uncle aunt (2)this that (10)morning evening (3)grandfather grandmother (11)tomorrow yesterday (4)man woman (12)waitress waiter (5)daughter son (13)red green (6)mother father (14)wife husband (7)these those (15)girlfriend boyfriend (8)girl boy4. 同音词(1)sea see (6)know no(2)meat meet (7)for four(3)I eye (8)buy bye(4)too two/to (9)wear where (5)sun son (10)Hour our2。
PEP小学英语阶段反义词、近义词、对应词、同音词全
小学英语反义词、同义词、对应词、同音词1.反义词(1)quick slow(31)happy sad(2)laugh cry(32)tall short (3)fast slow,slowly(33)below above (4)close open(34)clean dirt (5)small big(35)in out(6)hard easy(36)wrong right (7)behind in front of(37)first last (8)long short(38)heavy light (9)far near(39)young old (10)on under(40)few many (11)stop begin/start(41)hungry full (12)left right(42)hate like (13)bottom top(43)white black (14)cool warm(44)old young (15)like dislike/hate(45)sit stand (16)dark bright(46)yes no(17)much little(47)go come (18)cheap expensive/dear(48)different same (19)always never(49)many few (20)high low(50)wet dry (21)new old(51)weak strong (22)west east(52)dear cheap (23)cry laugh(53)cold hot (24)slower quicker/faster(54)good bad (25)north south(55)short long/tall (26)late early(56)night day (27)thin thick(57)safe dangerous (28)outside inside(58)here there (29)quiet loud(59)win lose (30)up down(60)after before112.同义词(1)above on(16)bike bicycle (2)father dad(17)under below (3)kid child(18)evening night (4)glad happy(19)speak talk/say (5)fast quick(20)see watch/look (6)mother mum(21)hear listen (7)below under(22)love love(8)hello hi(23)gift present (9)plane airplane(24)laugh smile (10)much many(25)shop store (11)few little(26)hate dislike (12)small little(27)learn study (13)big large(28)dear expensive (14)picture photo(29)begin start (15)movie film(30)faster quick3.对应词(1)brother sister(9)uncle aunt(2)this that(10)morning evening (3)grandfather grandmother(11)tomorrow yesterday (4)man woman(12)waitress waiter (5)daughter son(13)red green (6)mother father(14)wife husband (7)these those(15)girlfriend boyfriend (8)girl boy4.同音词(1)sea see(6)know no(2)meat meet(7)for four(3)I eye(8)buy bye(4)too two/to(9)wear where (5)sun son(10)Hour our2233。
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(11)many few (41)hungry full
(12)left right (42)hate like
(13)bottom top (43)white black
(14)cool warm (44)old young
(15) wet dry (45)sit stand
(16)dark bright (46)yes no
too 也;太 /two 二 weight 重量 week 星期
wear 穿(衣) whose 谁的 wood 木材 flower 花 B—bee—be hi—high T—tea Y—why who’s-whose
where 在哪里 who’s = who is would 将要;愿意 flour 面粉 C—see—sea R—are U—you aren’t—aunt dear-deer
bicycle —bike
near —beside
hi —hello
quick —fast
garden —park
Shop—store
gift——present
desk—table
mova moment ago — just now
a lot of
—lots of / many
short(短的) ----- long(长的)
反义词
thin(瘦的) ----- fat(肥的)
up(向上)
---- down(向下)
wrong(错的) ----- right(对的)
weak(弱的) ---- strong(强壮的)
young(年轻的)----- old(年老的)
(1)quick slow (2)laugh cry (3) on under (4)close open (5)small big (6)hard easy (7)few many (8)long short (9)far near (10) fast (40)behind
(17)much little (47)go come
(18)high low (48)different same
(19)always never(49) stop--begin/start
(20 )cheap
expensive / dear
(50) like
dislike / hate
(21)new old (22)west east (23)cry laugh (24)win lose (25)north south (26)late early (27)thin thick
(28)up down (29)quiet loud (30)slower (60)safe
(51)weak strong (52)dear cheap (53)cold hot (54)good bad (55)short long/tall (56)night day (57) after before (58)here there
小学英语反义词和同义词近 义词
one 一 pair 一双
read /red/(read过去式)
right 右边的;正确的 sea 海 son 儿子 their 他们的 to 向…… wait 等待 weak 虚弱的
won (win的过去式) pear 梨子 red 红色的 write 写字 see 看到 sun 太阳 there 在那里
bad(坏的) ----- good(好的)
bright(明亮的) ----- dark(黑暗的)
black(黑的) ----- white(白的)
beautiful(美的)----- ugly(丑的)
cold(冷的) ----- hot(热的)
cool(凉爽的) ----- warm(温暖的)
come(来) ----- go(去)
近义词
listen —hear
glass —cup
large —big
glad —happy
like —love
little —small
photo —picture start —begin
home—house
learn—study
beautiful—pretty usually —often
look —see
quiet(文静的)----- active(活跃的)
new(新的) ----- old(旧的)
like(喜欢) ----- hate(厌恶)
open(开) ----- close(关)
quick(快的) ----- slow(慢的)
stand(站) ----- sit(坐)
short(矮的) ----- tall(高的)
cry(哭)
----- laugh(笑)
clever(聪明的)----- stupid(笨的)
反义词
different(不同的)-- same (相同的)
difficult(难的) -- easy(容易的)
dirty(脏的) --- clean(干净的)
day(白天)
--- night(夜晚)
early(早的) ---- late(迟的)
be good at
—do well in
of course
—sure
be from
—come from
take a walk —go for a walk
take a bus —by bus
would like
—want
look for
— find
反义词
big(大的) ----- small(小的)
fast(快的) --- slow(慢的)
glad(高兴的) --- sad(悲伤的)
inside(里面的) --- outside(外面的)
in(里面)
--- out(外面)
large(大的) --- little(小的)
反义词
left(左)
----- right(右)
quiet(安静的)----- noisy(吵闹的)
(31)happy sad (32)tall short (33)below above (34)clean dirt (35)in out (36)wrong right (37)first last (38)heavy light (39)young old
slow,slowly
in front of