第2部分第6讲定语从句

第六讲定语从句

定语从句是高考考查的热点。在语法填空题和短文改错题中主要考查：关系代词和关系副词的正确使用；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选用等。在语法填空题中一般都会涉及定语从句的考查，且考查形式为无提示词型填空。在短文改错题中主要涉及：(1)关系代词与关系副词的误用；(2)“介词＋关系代词”中介词的误用或关系代词的误用；(3)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在关系代词上的误用；(4)句子成分的赘余；(5)定语从句与其他从句的混淆而产生的错误等。

考点一关系代词引导的定语从句

◆(2016·北京高考单项填空)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.

我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。

◆(2015·福建高考单项填空)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

《今日中国》吸引了全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。

◆As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。

(1)whom, which, that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；

(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such, so, as或the same等修饰，且as 在从句中作宾语时不能省略。

【即时训练】——单句语法填空

1．(2016·四川高考)I prefer to work in black and white, ____________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.

答案：which

2．(2015·江苏高考单项填空)The number of smokers，____________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

答案：as

3．(2015·四川高考单项填空)The books on the desk, ____________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.

答案：whose

考点二关系副词引导的定语从句

the weather may be better.

我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好些。

◆(福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。

◆Is this the reason why he refused our offer?

这是他拒绝我们的提议的理由吗？

way后的定语从句的引导词

(1)当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，即way在从句中作状语时，则从句用in which或that引导，引导词也可省略。

(2)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。若先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which/that也可省略。

【即时训练】——单句语法填空

1．(2015·北京高考单项填空)Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ____________you can hear some lovely music.

答案：where

2．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ____________ he should be able to be independent.

答案：when

3．(2015·天津高考单项填空)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____________ his employees enjoy their work.

答案：where

考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。

◆(2015·安徽高考单项填空)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.

一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。

◆(大纲全国卷)September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.

9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。

2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示整体与部分的关系。

◆(2016·浙江高考单项填空)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.

科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。

◆(2016·江苏高考单项填空)Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。

“名词＋of which/whom”结构常可替换成“whose＋名词”。

◆(江苏高考)The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light