第2部分第6讲定语从句
（完整版）定语从句讲解总结
（完整版）定语从句讲解总结定语从句讲解⼀．定语从句1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语⽆论多长都放在被修饰词的前⾯，⽽英语中的定语则不然，是⼀个词时，放在被修饰词的前⾯，如：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后⾯，如：③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红⾐的⼥孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位⼥⼠背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的⼈。
2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句⼦缺少成分。
如上⾯第5：主句：He is the man从句：who you are looking for在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选⽤关系代词 who(whom)放置于句⾸，便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成：He is the man you are looking for.⼆．定语从句（从句部分）1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先⾏词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先⾏词（1）先⾏词⼀般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先⾏词，⼈称代词也同样可作先⾏词。
（2）先⾏词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点：①先⾏词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先⾏词⽽定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句⼦中充当了成分，其意思就是先⾏词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题6：定语从句(一)附解析
2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析06定语从句（一）在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
考点一定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。
关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。
先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。
详见下表：1.关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京）A.thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions，从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。
从句修饰主句中的problem，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用关系代词，故用that。
2．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014安徽）A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The exact year was 2008，从句是_______ Angela and her family spenttogether in China。
定语从句讲解
定语从句专题教案定语从句（Attributive Clauses）定义：在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的特点：1.位置：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词的后面。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
3.关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
1. I’ll never forget the days that we worked together.2. I’ll never forget the days when we spent together.答案:1.that改为when 2.when 改为that 错误分析:关系代词和关系副词使用混淆Step2.关系代词和关系副词的作用正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。
关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。
关系词一共有9个, 它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
Step3.考点一：如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词I will never forget the day when I first went to school.which/that we spent in Beijing.The house which/that we visited is being repaired now.The house where Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now.巩固性训练：用关系词填空1.The man ___________ came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.A child __________ parents are dead is called Tom.3.Could you tell me the reason ______ you are late.4.I don’t know the boy __________ you talked with.5. Beijing is the place ________ I came.6.Gone are the days ____ we used foreign oil.答案1.who/that 2.whose 3.why 4.(whom/that) 5.where 6.when提示::引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。
定语从句的讲解
定语从句是重要的语法现象，学好定语从句对于更好地理解文章具有相当重要的意义，近年来高考试题多考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，区别限定性从句和非限定性从句，定语从句和其它从句的不同，关系代词在介词后的使用等。
中学英语学习中定语从句的学习是一个难点，亦是高考中的难点与热点，在高三复习中应着重解决下面几方面的问题。
一、选择关系代词或关系副词的三个步骤及应注意的难点。
第一步：抓住先行词。
看先行词是人还是物，还是一个分句及句子的一部分。
1、人为先行词：考虑用who 、whom 、that 、whose .2、物为先行词：考虑用that 、which 、whose 、where 、why、 when .3、句子或句子一部分为先行词：考虑用as 、which 引导特殊定语从句。
注意：1、副词不能充当先行词，先行词只能为代词或名词。
例如：lt was there where he lived in 1939. （此句不能接受）应改为强调句型： lt was there that he lived in 1939.2、as, which 定语从句先行词有可能是整句话或句子一部分。
例如：His mother didn' t want him to go there , which he did .例如：Bamboo is hollow , which makes it very light .例如：He is an American , as we all known .第一句中先行词为 go there . 第二、三句中分别为整句话。
第二步：把先行词放入定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中作何句子成份。
确定关系代词或关系副词。
例如： The old man went back to the village where he had spent his childhood .(先行词 the village 放入从句中应是he had spend his childhood in the village.由于 in the village 在从句中作地点状语, 故用where) 注意：1、在把先行词放入从句中时，有可能要加入介词才能使句子完整，这时应把加入的介词与先行词一起当作整体,再看这个整体在从句中作何成分来决定用哪个关系词。
定语从句讲义
定语从句讲义（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
(完整版)定语从句讲解总结
定语从句讲解一．定语从句1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如：③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。
2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第5：主句：He is the man从句：who you are looking for在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成：He is the man you are looking for.二．定语从句（从句部分）1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点：①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT)课件
（作主语）
which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）
This is the card. I’ve just received the card.
This is the card which / that I’ve just received.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
分解
作主语
Whom 作定语从句的宾语
01
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
02
The woman is a teacher.
( )
（作宾语）
( )
1
关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句:
whom (作宾语)
2
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语)
who / that 作主语. (不能省)
a girl who likes red .
I now
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
两个句子
两个词
主 句
从句
？
01
I know a girl
02
03
who likes red.
04
Jim reads books
05
which are fun.
06
从句
07
完整的句子是主句
01
The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night.
2021年高考英语一轮温习写作技术培优第六讲吸引眼球的定语从句
第六讲吸引眼球的定语从句定语从句的正确利用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生必然要在写作中至少使用一个恰到益处的定语从句。
1．关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是不足为奇。
◆(湖北高考书面表达)I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. 我记忆犹新的是发生在一个雨天的周日下午的一个事件。
◆(2021·福建高考书面表达)Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for. 只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人材能取得他们渴望的成绩。
◆(2021·重庆高考书面表达)As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.正如古老的谚语所说，生活没有清楚可达到的目标，犹如航海没有指南针。
2．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。
◆(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)During holiday seasons，I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly. 在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。
◆(安徽高考书面表达)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.我以为你老是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的庞大压力。
定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解一、详细的定语从句讲解定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且，如果which 在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
高中英语定语从句讲解
定语从句Ⅰ. 概念：(1) 定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句；2) 必在定语从句中担当一个成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）；3）代替先行词。
常用的关系代词: that,which,who,whom,whose常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语) when、why、where 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 关系代词：●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(不能用于非限制性定语从句; that前不能有介词) 如：1.What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 2. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，做宾语时可省略。
如：The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）●who, whom, whose: who:在从句中作主语、宾语，只可指人。
whom:在从句中作宾语，只可指人。
whose:在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
1.All who heard the story were amazed. (先行词是any, those, all,one,ones时用who)2.He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.（宾语）3.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（人）4.I'd like a room whose window faces south. （物）▲关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
初中英语定语从句语法讲义
初中英语定语从句语法讲义(总4页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--第一章定语从句1. 基本知识精讲在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。
定语从句一般放在先行词之后。
如：This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science.先行词关系词定语从句一、由关系代词引导的定语从句英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that 和as。
它们的用法如下：1. who，whom的用法who 和 whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。
作动词宾语时常被省掉。
在口语中可用who代替whom。
如：The young worker who invented this tool is her brother.This is the boy (whom) I helped.2. which的用法which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。
如：The factory which produces these cars is very large.This is the book (which) you want.3. whose 的用法whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。
Whose有时可用of which替换。
如：Do you live in the room whose window opens to the west?This is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class.4. that的用法that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时，在非正式语体中常省略。
定语从句的用法讲解
定语从句的⽤法讲解定语从句是⾼中英语的重要语法项⺫之⼀，它的结构和⽤法⽐较复杂。
我们应从哪些⽅⾯有效地复习定语从句呢？下⾯就是⼩编给⼤家带来的定语从句的⽤法讲解，希望⼤家喜欢！[定语从句的种类]定语从句分为限制性和⾮限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是句⼦不可缺少的部分，如去掉主句意思就不完整或失去意义；⾮限制性定语从句是先⾏词的附加说明，去掉也不会影响主句的意思。
它与主句之间通常⽤逗号分开，⼀般不⽤that引导，关系词不可省略。
如：This is the book that I want to read. （限制性）Tom’s father， who arrived just now， is a famous scientist. （⾮限制性）⾮限制性定语从句的先⾏词成分可以是整个主句，⾮限制性定语从句常⽤which引导，修饰整个句⼦。
定语从句的谓语动词要⽤第三⼈称单数。
例如：The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所指代的先⾏词是表⽰⼈或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的⼈称和数要和先⾏词保持⼀致。
在定语从句中，who和that既可作主语⼜可作宾语，whom只可作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。
如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you？（who/that在从句中作主语）The man （whom/who/that） you spoke to just now is our English teacher. （whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）[whose]在定语从句中作定语，可⽤来指⼈或物，表⽰物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”。
定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解Ⅰ. 基本概念1.概念:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫做定语从句，且一般是用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
2. 先行词被修饰的名词或代词3. 关系词关系代词：which that whom who whose as关系副词：when where why4. 定语从句三个步骤：第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能第三选择合适的关系词Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法1.that 和which 的用法That 可人可物主语宾语表语Which 只能是物√√√That Lily is a beautiful girl who has long hair and big eyes.（主语）This is the gift that / which lily gave me .（宾语）Lily is not the girl that she used to be . （表语）区别：只用that 不用which 的情况1.当先行词是all / much / none / something /anything /nothing ….等时。
Eg: There is nothing that can be said.2.先行词被only/ any / no / very/ one of 修饰时。
The only thing that you can do is to relax yourself.3.先行词是序数词或被序数词/ 数词修饰时She is the first girl that made my heart beat.4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时The most important thing that attracts me is her talking eyes.5.先行词既有人又有物时There are some people and things that will become our memeory.6.如果句子中有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 为了避免重复，则另一个关系代词用that.Those gifts which she gave me and that I gave her must be thrown.7.疑问词是who which 开头的。
定语从句讲解
DSE金牌英语定语从句●朝花夕拾在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1.The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.2.You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man, everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为关系代词：that, which, who﹙whom, whose﹚,关系副词where, when, why。
它们在定语从句中必须作成分。
●知识点精讲透析使用关系词时要注意以下法则：第一部分限制性定语从句例1：选择题1. Is there anything ______I can do for you?A. thatB. which2. He talked much ______was important.A. whichB. that3. The last place _______we visited several days ago was the Great Wall.A. thatB. which4. I have read all the books _________you lent me last week.A. whichB. that5. They talked about the school and the teachers _______they had visited.A. whichB. that法则一：当先行词是all, few, little, much, everything, anything, nothing, something等不定代词时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。
All that we have to do is to practice every day.法则二：当先行词为序数词或被最高级形容词所修饰时，要用that引导定语从句。
定语从句完整讲解
定语从句一、识别定语能作定语的成分：二、关系词的选择第一步：第二步：关系代词：关系副词：造句：定语从句初检验：The doctor whom you are looking for is in the Room2EThe worker ______ works in the factory is sitting there.I like the rooms ______windows face south.Yesterday she talked with one woman ____ husband died in that accident. I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago.This is the reason _____________________ he was late.I forget the time he will come.I forget the time he told me.The reason he can’t come is that he is ill.The reason he told me is not true.反思：能否区分及物动词和不及物动词啦！三、特别关注1：只能用that不能用which的情况：1）当先行词是不定代词all,much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时；2）当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰正好), any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时；例：1)This is the v ery person that I’m waiting for.2)The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时；例：1)This is the best that has been used against pollution.4) 当先行词是序数词或它全面有序数词修饰时；例：1)This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.5）当先行词既有人又有物时；6）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时即当主句以who或which开头时;例：1)Which is the bile that you lost?例题：(1). Is ther e anything ________ you don’t understand about the problem?(2). The worst matter_______I’m afraid of happened in the end.(3). All the presents________your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.(4). This is the very book _________I have been looking for.特别关注:2：只能用who情况：四、限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句1、限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。
语法精讲04、05、06-定语从句
定语从句一、什么是定语只要听到“...的”的加名词，“... 的”就是修饰这个名词的成分二、定语的成分1.形容词The innocent nightingale died.The nightingale brave and innocent died.2.名词The n’s singing can make the rose bloom.The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.make sb. Do sth.使某人去做某事3.介词短语The n out of the window heard the sigh of the youngster.4.非谓语动词The singing n lost his life.=The n to sing lost his life.5.从句6.形容词性物主代词三、定语的位置：前小后大：当一个单词修饰名词时通常放在名词前，当多个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词后练习：1.那个懂爱的年轻人被拒绝了。
The youngster grasping（引申为懂得，理解）romance was declined.非谓语动词修饰名词2.我有一朵和白云一样白的玫瑰花。
（有available ）A rose as white as clouds remains available for me.3.被扔掉的玫瑰花是红色的。
The discarded rose looks red.当过去分词修饰名词的时候，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后。
（动词加ed，如何判断他是谓语还是过去分词：看还有没有单词做谓语，如果有的话，就是过去分词）4.这是一个关于夜莺和玫瑰的故事This proves a fiction about a n and a rose.四、定语从句1.构成n（先行词）+引导词+句子2.引导词先行词的种类分的类，一共把引导词分成五类1)当先行词是人的时候，引导词有：who whom whose2)当先行词是物的时候，引导词有：that which whose（一个名词后出现引导词只能是定语从句或者同位语从句，出现了what，这个一定是同位语从句，what一定不能出现在定语从句中。
定语从句的讲解
定语从句的讲解定语从句的讲解在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,故定语从句起的作用就是修饰, 限定的作用．单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
---A girl---She is a girl.---She is a beautiful girl. （单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面）---she is a girl dressed in red (短语作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
)---She is a beautiful girl who study very well(从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
)在主句中被修饰的这个词叫先行词，把主从句连接起来的叫引导词，紧跟引导词的叫定语从句．如:(先行词其中引导词又包括关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose 和关系副词when, where, why先讲关系代词的用法:例 1. The man that/who gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.指人: that/who (主语)例2: The boy who/whom/that the nurse is looking after is my friend指人: who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3: The car that/which is red was damaged yesterday.指物: that/which (主语)例4: The question that/which I don’t understand is about grammar.指物: that/which (宾语,可省略)例 5. Yesterday she talked with one woman whose husband died in that accident.关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“…的”that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
英语定语从句讲解
英语定语从句讲解我们来看这个句子1.Tom is a smart boy.汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
在这句话中，smart修饰boy，修饰名词的成分叫作定语。
所以，在这个句子中，smart就是定语。
我们再来看这个句子2.Tom is a boy who is smart.汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。
这句话中，who is smart修饰boy，所以，在这个句子中，who is smart也是定语。
我们来观察一下这两个句子句子1中，定语是smart，是一个单词。
句子2中，定语是who is smart，是一个句子。
当我们把定语的位置，换上了一个句子，该句子就是定语从句。
定语是用来修饰名词或者代词，所以定语从句就是用来修饰名词或者代词的句子。
我们分析一下句子2主句是Tom is a boy.从句是who is smart.不难发现，从句中的who就是主句中的boy，且who在后面的从句中作主语。
所以，我们可以得出这样一个结论定语从句的连词（有些语法书称为关系词），具备2个作用①连接主句和从句；②代词主句中的被修饰的名词，在从句中作成分。
名词是指一个人或者事物名称，所以，定语从句所修饰的名词可以是人，也可以是物，甚至是一个句子所描述的一件事。
对于不同的人，物，事，关系词的选择有所规定。
我们来看这个表格以who为例解释一下who引导的定语从句是用来修饰人，who代替先行词，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。
其他关系词全部以此类推。
例1.He is a boy who studies hard.他是一个学习很努力的男孩。
【分析】who studies hard作为定语从句，修饰名词boy，who代替boy在后面的从句中作主语。
2.He is a boy whom everyone loves.他是一个人见人爱的男孩。
【分析】whom everyone loves作为定语从句，修饰名词boy，whom代替boy在后面的从句中作宾语。
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第六讲定语从句定语从句是高考考查的热点。
在语法填空题和短文改错题中主要考查：关系代词和关系副词的正确使用；“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选用等。
在语法填空题中一般都会涉及定语从句的考查，且考查形式为无提示词型填空。
在短文改错题中主要涉及：(1)关系代词与关系副词的误用；(2)“介词＋关系代词”中介词的误用或关系代词的误用；(3)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在关系代词上的误用；(4)句子成分的赘余；(5)定语从句与其他从句的混淆而产生的错误等。
考点一关系代词引导的定语从句◆(2016·北京高考单项填空)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。
◆(2015·福建高考单项填空)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.《今日中国》吸引了全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
◆As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好些了。
(1)whom, which, that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such, so, as或the same等修饰，且as 在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
【即时训练】——单句语法填空1．(2016·四川高考)I prefer to work in black and white, ____________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.答案：which2．(2015·江苏高考单项填空)The number of smokers，____________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.答案：as3．(2015·四川高考单项填空)The books on the desk, ____________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.答案：whose考点二关系副词引导的定语从句the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好些。
◆(福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
◆Is this the reason why he refused our offer?这是他拒绝我们的提议的理由吗？way后的定语从句的引导词(1)当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，即way在从句中作状语时，则从句用in which或that引导，引导词也可省略。
(2)如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。
若先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which/that也可省略。
【即时训练】——单句语法填空1．(2015·北京高考单项填空)Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, ____________you can hear some lovely music.答案：where2．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ____________ he should be able to be independent.答案：when3．(2015·天津高考单项填空)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ____________ his employees enjoy their work.答案：where考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
◆(2015·安徽高考单项填空)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
◆(大纲全国卷)September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示整体与部分的关系。
◆(2016·浙江高考单项填空)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
◆(2016·江苏高考单项填空)Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
“名词＋of which/whom”结构常可替换成“whose＋名词”。
◆(江苏高考)The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted lightgreen, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦的工作后。
定语从句的解题思路(1)首先判断是不是定语从句。
如果是定语从句就要找准先行词；选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
(2)准确判断先行词在从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状), 才能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。
如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语，选择关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose)；如果先行词在从句中作状语，选择关系副词(when, where, why)。
熟练掌握每个关系词的用法是解题的关键。
另外，还应考虑特殊情况：只用that的情况、只用which的情况、as引导的定语从句等。
【即时训练】——单句语法填空1．(天津高考) English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _____________ uses it differently.答案：which2．She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of ____________ had taken more than three years.答案：which3．The children, all of ____________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.答案：whomⅠ.单句语法填空1．(2017·浙江东阳二中调研)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ____________ lives were affected.答案：whose2．(2017·河北唐山一模)Then I noticed an elderly lady walking with difficulty in front of me, ____________ seemed in her 80s.答案：who3．(2017·山东济宁模拟)This means people can check out the pictures ____________ appear in the brains of animals such as insects, birds, and fish.答案：that/which4．(2017·江苏泰州一中模拟)Those who can achieve high grades in class tend to be weak inhandling some practical problems, ____________ is often the case.答案：as5．(2017·山西师大附中月考)Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason ____________ so many bees are disappearing.答案：why6．(2017·安徽黄山一模)Cultural shock is a feeling ____________ most travelers experience in a foreign country____________ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.答案：which/that where7．Some think it is convenient to get in touch with others with the cellphone, ____________ also makes them feel safe especially in time of trouble.答案：which8．The baby，____________ health was ruined after taking the medicine, was only one year old.答案：whose9．—When did you know Mr. Wang?—It was last month ____________ he was knocked down by a motorbike.答案：when10．That evening, ____________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.答案：whichⅡ.单句改错1．(2017·山西四校联考)Julie enjoyed reading when young. She grew up in a key middle school in her city, which her parents both taught Chinese.________________答案：which→where或which前加in2．(2017·四川宜宾一诊)The results of the experiment proved to be very good, that was more than we expected.________________答案：that→which3．Tibet is such a place that all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.________________答案：that→as或visiting后加it4．In our class there are 46 students, half of them wear glasses.________________答案：them→whom或half前加and5．Happiness and success often come to those whom are good at recognizing their own strengths.________________答案：whom→whoⅢ.语法填空(2017·东北三省四市教研联合体一模)The choices people make can cause cancer. Not everyone who 1.____________(use) tobacco products will get cancer, but the chance of getting certain 2.____________ (type) of cancer increases with tobacco use. The research 3.____________ (show) us that the constant misuse or overuse of alcohol may cause cancer of the mouth and throat as well recently.Sometimes cancer can be caused by radiation 4.____________ (find) in sunlight and X-rays, in addition 5.____________ other places. This doesn’t mean you should stop getting X-rays or stay indoors, but limiting your 6.____________ (expose) to radiation can reduce the chances of developing cancer. The X-rays you get at 7.____________ doctor’s or dentist’s are not enough 8.____________ (cause) cancer.And sometimes, the reason 9.____________ someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery. Some cells in the body may start to increase and change. Doctors and researchers can see it happening, 10.____________ they cannot provide a description of why it starts.【解题导语】本文介绍了癌症的成因。