Reading across culture跨文化
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Reading_across_cultures
A chronological resume
listing educational qualifications and work experiences; in chronological order (with the most recent experiences at the top); the most common, and most employers prefer them; good for showing a clear and complete career history; more traditional
Reading across cultures
CV or resume
may be organized more freely than a _________ CV because of conventional and cultural expectations in different contexts.
Reading across cultures
within the Decide which of the following statements are True or European Union False:
1. In some South American countries, people use Europass to find jobs. ( F ) 2. Europass is to help making qualifications, skills and competencies clearly and easily understood across countries in Europe. ( T ) 3. Mobility supplement might be a record of learning and training, any work placements and voluntary work experience in different countries. ( T )
U1Reading across cultures
2. Do you think it is easier to be a student now than in the past? Why / Why not?
Course exams Extra exams for English & computers Severe competition in job markets
Reading across cultures
Cultural awareness
Early well-established universities in China Comparison
RAC: Cultural awareness
Early well-established universities in China
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RAC: Text understanding
Read the passage quickly and fill in each blank in no more than three words.
5. A lecturer had to get the permission of _st_u_d__e_n_t_o__ff_ic_i_a_l_s_ if he wanted to leave the university for a few days during term.
RAC: Cultural awareness
Early well-established universities in China
Answer the questions:
1. Which university was said to be the oldest one in China, which was founded in AD258 under the Kingdom Wu (one of the Three kingdoms). The Imperial Nanking University
Course exams Extra exams for English & computers Severe competition in job markets
Reading across cultures
Cultural awareness
Early well-established universities in China Comparison
RAC: Cultural awareness
Early well-established universities in China
More
RAC: Text understanding
Read the passage quickly and fill in each blank in no more than three words.
5. A lecturer had to get the permission of _st_u_d__e_n_t_o__ff_ic_i_a_l_s_ if he wanted to leave the university for a few days during term.
RAC: Cultural awareness
Early well-established universities in China
Answer the questions:
1. Which university was said to be the oldest one in China, which was founded in AD258 under the Kingdom Wu (one of the Three kingdoms). The Imperial Nanking University
新世界大学英语2 unit 1 Reading_across_cultures
Reading across cultures
Leading-in Reading comprehension Vocabulary Discussion Cultural awareness
Leading-in
Scanning
Read the text quickly and identify the name for the following diagrams given by Robert Kaplan.
Because it was thought to be too simplistic, based on insufficient evidence and was biased in favour of Kaplan’s own culture, assuming that it had the “most efficient” approach.
政治家遭到批评是常见的事。
例句 翻译 例句 翻译 真题
Plans for the new road have drawn fierce criticism from local people.
修建新公路的计划受到了当地人的强烈指责。
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. (Jun. 1998, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)
Vocabulary
Phrases
1. put forward 2. in favour of 3. in particular
Words
systematic
释义
Leading-in Reading comprehension Vocabulary Discussion Cultural awareness
Leading-in
Scanning
Read the text quickly and identify the name for the following diagrams given by Robert Kaplan.
Because it was thought to be too simplistic, based on insufficient evidence and was biased in favour of Kaplan’s own culture, assuming that it had the “most efficient” approach.
政治家遭到批评是常见的事。
例句 翻译 例句 翻译 真题
Plans for the new road have drawn fierce criticism from local people.
修建新公路的计划受到了当地人的强烈指责。
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes. (Jun. 1998, CET4, Vocabulary and Structure)
Vocabulary
Phrases
1. put forward 2. in favour of 3. in particular
Words
systematic
释义
Reading across cultures跨文化
Reading across cultures
Ecotourism activities
Work in groups to list activities which can be considered as ecotourism.
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Reading across cultures
Ecotourism activities
Reading across cultures
Ecotourism
Cultural awareness Comprehending the text Talking point
Information needed
Reading across cultures
Cultural awareness
Definition of ecotourism
Work in groups to list activities which can be considered as ecotourism.
a cultural visit to a heritage site visiting or working on a local farm exploring a national park sampling unique foods in a country setting
3. A traveller had better not show his wealth, N because local people may charge him higher prices than they normally charge.
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Reading across cultures
give examples to illustrate the solutions, introducing each example (An example of that is …; A practical way to do this is …; In practice, we can …; For instance, what we Ecotourists can do is …)
新标准大学英语综合教程2Reading across cultures翻译
Reading across cultures 学生的权利1 意大利的博洛尼亚大学创办于12世纪，是欧洲最古老的大学。
在13世纪早期，大学的管理权都掌握在学生手里。
这种权力是基于他们对教师的经济控制。
那时候，大多数大学教师的教学收入都依赖从学生那里收取的学费。
教师每堂课必需吸引至少五名学生来听讲。
如果做不到，学校就会宣布他旷课，并处以一定的罚款。
2 为了保证良好的教学质量，每个学年之初，教师都要在为学生服务的市内银行预存一笔钱。
如果教师没有达到大学章程规定的标准，学生法庭就会判决从这笔存款中扣除罚款。
教师不得不同意这样的处理，因为不交罚款的教师不允许收学费，这就中断了他的收入来源。
3 教师会因各种各样的缘故而受到惩罚。
如果晚一分钟上课，或者拖堂，他就会被罚款。
如果他不能按时下课，学生按照章程必须立刻离开教室。
如果教师不能按照既定的进度讲完教学大纲规定的内容，他也要被罚款。
每年开学的时候，学生和教师共同决定教材的内容和教学的时间。
跳过难点或没有逐一重点讲解难课的教师会被罚款。
4 学生的控制权不仅仅限于课堂，还延伸到教师的私生活。
例如，假如一位教师希望在学期中间离开博洛尼亚几天，他就得事先征得学生官员的许可。
如果不按时返回，他就得缴纳罚款。
5 学校鼓励所有的学生告发不请假就缺课或以其他任何方式违规的教师。
此外，还有一个有组织的秘密告发系统。
有四名学生被秘密选举出来监视教师。
他们有义务报告诸如教学技巧拙劣、未完成教学大纲规定的教学内容或不请假就缺课之类的违规行为。
如果有两个以上的学生告发，教师就会受到惩罚。
6 从13世纪早期至14世纪中期，学生的权力在博洛尼亚持续了一百余年。
与它的起始一样，它的终结也直接与学费有关。
到了1350年，几乎所有教师都是由当地的市政厅聘用和发薪。
随着教师薪酬支付方式的改变，学生实际上就失支了对大学的控制。
Reading across cultures 保持微笑1 两个月以前，我在一份科普杂志上读到一篇有趣的文章，文章是关于不同文化背景下的人们是如何通过面部表情流露情感的。
Reading_across_cultures概要
to have a good positive attitude; to be willing to learn; to have relevant skills and knowledge, and good communication and teamwork skills; relevant work experience; good university background – with good grades and good reference from your teachers.
翻译 大夫详细地告诉我该何时服药以及如何服药。
Back
Words
emphasis
释义 n. [C, U] (pl emphases) special importance or attention that is given to one thing in particular 重点；重要性
例句 We should place greater emphasis on staff development.
5 How successful has Europass been? Europass has not been very successful.
6 What is the best advice the passage offers about writing a résumé? Keep it simple, Stupid! And tell the truth.
翻译 我们应该更加重视员工发展。
例句 Our teacher places special emphasis on grammar.
翻译 我们的老师特别强调语法。
After the Arab states won independence, great 真题 emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls
翻译 大夫详细地告诉我该何时服药以及如何服药。
Back
Words
emphasis
释义 n. [C, U] (pl emphases) special importance or attention that is given to one thing in particular 重点；重要性
例句 We should place greater emphasis on staff development.
5 How successful has Europass been? Europass has not been very successful.
6 What is the best advice the passage offers about writing a résumé? Keep it simple, Stupid! And tell the truth.
翻译 我们应该更加重视员工发展。
例句 Our teacher places special emphasis on grammar.
翻译 我们的老师特别强调语法。
After the Arab states won independence, great 真题 emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls
Reading_across_cultures
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Reading across cultures
Traditional Chinese wedding
Work in pairs and tell the process in the pictures.
unveiling bride
unveiled bride
The bride’s head is covered by a piece of bridal veil from the moment of leaving her parents’ home until the veil is removed by the groom in the bridal chamber of the new couple.
Reading across cultures
Traditional Chinese wedding
Work in pairs and tell the process in the pictures.
Worshiping the heaven and earth by three kowtowings, the first one is to kowtow to heaven and earth, the second one to the parents and the third one to each other
Cultural awareness
Reading across cultures
Cultural awareness
1 How do young people meet and form relationships in China? at present in the workplace or place of study, or through sports and leisure activities through the family, through formal or social meetings, through the Internet
Reading across cultures
Traditional Chinese wedding
Work in pairs and tell the process in the pictures.
unveiling bride
unveiled bride
The bride’s head is covered by a piece of bridal veil from the moment of leaving her parents’ home until the veil is removed by the groom in the bridal chamber of the new couple.
Reading across cultures
Traditional Chinese wedding
Work in pairs and tell the process in the pictures.
Worshiping the heaven and earth by three kowtowings, the first one is to kowtow to heaven and earth, the second one to the parents and the third one to each other
Cultural awareness
Reading across cultures
Cultural awareness
1 How do young people meet and form relationships in China? at present in the workplace or place of study, or through sports and leisure activities through the family, through formal or social meetings, through the Internet
《新视界大学英语综合教程3》reading across culture课文翻译
Unit One通过仪式生活是否如同对生活持宿命论看法的美国作家艾伯特哈伯德在一百年前所描述的那样，是“该死的事情一桩接着一桩”？抑或是一场障碍赛跑，期间每个参赛者，即世界各地的人们，不得不在生命的各个重要阶段展现自己的价值？莎士比亚在戏剧《皆大欢喜》中提出人的一生要经历“七个年龄段”，几乎每个社会都有的通过仪式也证明，我们往往是把生命分为这几个阶段来看待的，比如，童年、中年和老年。
通过仪式是社会对个人从一个阶段走向另一个阶段的正式的认可，其中被广泛认同的是由少年步入成年时举行的成年礼。
成年礼有多种形式。
例如，在犹太传统中，人生最重要的时刻之一就是“犹太男孩成人仪式”和“犹太女孩成人仪式”，人们为年满13岁的男孩和年满12岁的女孩举办宗教仪式和家庭聚会，这标志着从此以后这个孩子要对自己的行为负责了。
这个年龄也恰恰是许多国家规定开始承担法律责任的年龄。
美国中学生活结束前的毕业舞会则是另一种通过仪式。
这次误会非同寻常，学生们不仅穿着正式（许多学生平生第一次这么穿），他们通畅还乘坐着一辆租来的豪华轿车到达误会现场。
就在那一天晚上，他们似乎要表现得和年龄是他们两倍的成年人一样，至少是看上去要比自己的实际年龄打。
世界上最有趣的通过仪式之一或许就是澳大利亚土著人呢的“徒步旅行”了。
还处于青春期的少年必须在野外独自行走六个月，沿着古老的划定版图的“歌之界”追寻祖先的足迹。
通过这样的仪式，他们深入到土著文化这一世界上最源远流长的文化的精髓之中，并在这一过程中发现自我。
Unit 3西方艺术史上最好的五幅画作史上最伟大的画作有哪些？每个人都有他自己最喜爱的作品，但是要从浩如烟海的西方艺术精品中选出几幅最好的，可能是一件费力不讨好的事情。
不过，下面这五幅画可能在任何人的选单上都会高居榜首。
其中最有名的可能就会是列奥纳多《蒙娜丽莎》，现藏于巴黎的卢浮宫。
你看着这幅精妙的画越久，它就变得越神秘。
这位目光始终追随着我们、对我们带来如此大的影响的画中人到底是谁？正如一位著名评论家所说的，她看上去比她坐着的石头还要古老。
Bk4U1-Reading_across_cultures
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Reading across cultures
Skimming and scanning
3. What are 26 percent of British resume writers guilty of? According to the passage, 26 per cent are guilty of “overdoing” their resumes. They embellish exaggerate or tell lies. 4. What do people add to their resume in Spain? They attach a photograph of themselves. 5. How are German and French resumes different? A German resume is likely to be much longer. A French resume is probably only one page.
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Reading across cultures
may be organized more freely than a _________ CV because of conventional and cultural expectations in different contexts. A __________ resume often begins with a statement about the writer’s personal employment goal, followed by a list of personal accomplishments (these are selectively written for the particular job and so may omit some background information, leaving gaps in chronology).
Reading across cultures
5. American high school students wear _fo__rm__a__l c__lo_t_h_e__s at a prom.
6. By following _s_o_n__g_li_n_e_s____, Australians aborigines can find their way through the wilderness.
Reading across cultures
Comprehending the text
For questions 1-4 check the true statements; for questions 5-7 complete the sentences.
Life was one problem after another. F1. Elbert Hubbard thought that life was an obstacle race.
T4. According to Jewish Children, the Bar Mitzvah means they become responsible for their own actions.
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Reading across cultures
Comprehending the text
Look at the pictures and identify what ceremonies they refer to in Chinese.
Chinese ancients held to the belief that a true man has a dignified bearing, speaks courteously and behaves in accordance with conventional rituals. They considered that observance of these rituals indeed constituted the foundation of personal growth and of a stable and harmonious society.
6. By following _s_o_n__g_li_n_e_s____, Australians aborigines can find their way through the wilderness.
Reading across cultures
Comprehending the text
For questions 1-4 check the true statements; for questions 5-7 complete the sentences.
Life was one problem after another. F1. Elbert Hubbard thought that life was an obstacle race.
T4. According to Jewish Children, the Bar Mitzvah means they become responsible for their own actions.
More
Reading across cultures
Comprehending the text
Look at the pictures and identify what ceremonies they refer to in Chinese.
Chinese ancients held to the belief that a true man has a dignified bearing, speaks courteously and behaves in accordance with conventional rituals. They considered that observance of these rituals indeed constituted the foundation of personal growth and of a stable and harmonious society.
新标准大学英语2 Reading across culture翻译全
Reading across cultures学生的权利1意大利的博洛尼亚大学创办于12世纪，是欧洲最古老的大学。
在13世纪早期，大学的管理权都掌握在学生手里。
这种权力是基于他们对教师的经济控制。
那时候，大多数大学教师的教学收入都依赖从学生那里收取的学费。
教师每堂课必需吸引至少五名学生来听讲。
如果做不到，学校就会宣布他旷课，并处以一定的罚款。
2为了保证良好的教学质量，每个学年之初，教师都要在为学生服务的市内银行预存一笔钱。
如果教师没有达到大学章程规定的标准，学生法庭就会判决从这笔存款中扣除罚款。
教师不得不同意这样的处理，因为不交罚款的教师不允许收学费，这就中断了他的收入来源。
3教师会因各种各样的缘故而受到惩罚。
如果晚一分钟上课，或者拖堂，他就会被罚款。
如果他不能按时下课，学生按照章程必须立刻离开教室。
如果教师不能按照既定的进度讲完教学大纲规定的内容，他也要被罚款。
每年开学的时候，学生和教师共同决定教材的内容和教学的时间。
跳过难点或没有逐一重点讲解难课的教师会被罚款。
4学生的控制权不仅仅限于课堂，还延伸到教师的私生活。
例如，假如一位教师希望在学期中间离开博洛尼亚几天，他就得事先征得学生官员的许可。
如果不按时返回，他就得缴纳罚款。
5学校鼓励所有的学生告发不请假就缺课或以其他任何方式违规的教师。
此外，还有一个有组织的秘密告发系统。
有四名学生被秘密选举出来监视教师。
他们有义务报告诸如教学技巧拙劣、未完成教学大纲规定的教学内容或不请假就缺课之类的违规行为。
如果有两个以上的学生告发，教师就会受到惩罚。
6从13世纪早期至14世纪中期，学生的权力在博洛尼亚持续了一百余年。
与它的起始一样，它的终结也直接与学费有关。
到了1350年，几乎所有教师都是由当地的市政厅聘用和发薪。
随着教师薪酬支付方式的改变，学生实际上就失支了对大学的控制。
Reading across cultures保持微笑1两个月以前，我在一份科普杂志上读到一篇有趣的文章，文章是关于不同文化背景下的人们是如何通过面部表情流露情感的。
Reading_across_cultures
Realized that she was responsible for looking after herself.
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Reading across cultures
Skimming and scanning 3. What made them change their minds?
Tanya
Back
Reading across cultures
Culture awareness
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Reading across cultures
Culture awareness There are three Guides for New Students from three countries. Read them and compare in:
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Reading across cultures
Skimming and scanning
6. Who settled in most easily?
Muguel did.
Muguel: I don’t have any social difficulty. Now I have understood the difference between the new information and what I knew.
Reading across cultures
• Earning your degree; • Office of undergraduate advising and student services • Course registration
C
Culture awareness
Which countries do the guides come from?
Unit2-Reading across cultures
2.Why did Deborah feel proud when she helped her grandother? Because she felt that cooking was important.
3.Why do you think Myeong Ok Lee was so embarrassed? Because he didn't know how to smoke properly and made a fool of him.
We turned to se我走近时，他们就不说话了。 approach:n.方式、方法： e.g: teaching approaches.
Text
2.sumptuous:a.华丽的、昂贵的
e.g:The guests turned up dressed in sumptuous evening gowns. 客人们身着华丽的夜礼服出现了. The king gave a sumptuous banquet. 国王举行一次奢侈的宴会.
4.Why was Olga's mother shocked with her?
Because Olga brought stray cats and dogs home.
5.Why do you think the Russian pilot was arrested? Because he wasn't supposed to land there or perhaps he was't supposed to land at all in Turkey.
6.Which ones did you most enjoy reading? Can you say why? I enjoyed ...Because...
新编跨文化交际英语教程答案详解
-导言"新编跨文化交际英语教程·教师用书”主要是为使用"新编跨文化交际英语教程”教师配套的教学指南。
"新编跨文化交际英语教程”是在原有"跨文化交际英语教程”的基础上经过全面、系统修订而成，我们对全书做了较大的更新和完善，调整和增补了许多材料，力求使其更具时代性，更适合教学实际和学生需求。
为了进一步推进跨文化交际教学，在多年从事跨文化交际教学和研究的基础上，我们又特地编写了这本"新编跨文化交际英语教程·教师用书”，希望能对使用本教材进行教学的广大教师们，尤其是初次使用这本教材的教师们提供一些必要的引导和实质性的帮助。
为此，我们尽可能地为各单元中几乎所有的部分和项目都提供了参考提示。
除此之外，还补充了一些取自跨文化交际学重要著作的选段，供教师进一步了解相关背景知识和理论基础，以拓宽视野，有利于更好地进行教学。
同时我们还在书后附上了推荐的中文阅读书目（英文阅读书目可参看**外语教育的"跨文化交际丛书”系列）和有关跨文化交际的部分电影资料简介。
"新编跨文化交际英语教程”主要适用于高等学校英语专业教学中的跨文化交际课程，旨在通过课堂教学及相关活动使学生认识跨文化交际对当代世界所具有的重要意义和作用，了解文化对人类生活各个方面、尤其是交际活动的制约和影响，理解并把握交际活动的重要性、丰富性、复杂性，熟悉跨文化交际的基本构成以及所涉及的各种因素，培养跨文化意识，形成和发展对文化差异的敏感和宽容、以及处理文化差异问题的灵活性，提高使用英语进行跨文化交际的技能，为最终获得与不同文化背景人们进行深入交流的能力奠定基础。
通过使用本教材，教师也可从中获得更多有关文化（包括我们自己文化和外族文化）和跨文化交际的知识。
这本教材共分为10个单元，涉及全球化时代的交际问题、文化与交际、各类文化差异、语言与文化、跨文化言语交际、跨文化非言语交际、时间与空间使用上的文化、跨文化感知、跨文化适应、跨文化能力等，包括了跨文化交际的各个方面，对其中一些重要问题都有相对深入的介绍与探讨。
Reading across cultures文化差异中的阅读
they offer many different activities for children over the summer
There are long summer holidays and people have to work learn new skills which develop independence, self-confidence and team spirit.
4. What skills do you think Chinese children could usually learn at a summer camp?
Home
Fast-reading activities
Read about American children’s experience of the summer camps.
consider the reason for sending the children and whether the children are really keen to go.
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Guided writing
We often need to introduce a concession when presenting an opposite idea to the main idea of a passage. Read the following sentences and discuss in pairs what ideas are contrasted in each sentence. 1. “I did not enjoy it. I was too young,” she says. Nevertheless, Byrne went away every summer vacation ... 2. Despite her unhappy early experience, “... by the time I was 14 I looked forward to camp,” she says. 3. Summer camps are increasingly popular ... Yet Byrne thinks that summer camps are not right for every child. 4. While she agrees that being away from home and learning new skills can help develop independence and self confidence, she points out that camps may be more for the parents’ benefit. To Be Continued
大二英语课件Reading_across_cultures
2. Music companies feel threatened by filesharing because ___________. (a) the staff in the companies will lose job (b) music will become too popular and every one can make in the future (c) people obtain the music for free so the companies are not receiving revenue from sale (d) music companies will be replaced by the Internet
1. Intellectual property laws include issues related to
___________, trademarks and patents.
(a) copyright (b) taxes
2. Intellectual property laws give people the ______ to own and profit from their artistic, scientific and technological creations.
Culture awareness
Against file-sharing
theft of intellectual property; take away incomes of musician, recording companies, record shops; Less music available
(b) Ill. (c) Yes. The Internet “gives millions of
1. Intellectual property laws include issues related to
___________, trademarks and patents.
(a) copyright (b) taxes
2. Intellectual property laws give people the ______ to own and profit from their artistic, scientific and technological creations.
Culture awareness
Against file-sharing
theft of intellectual property; take away incomes of musician, recording companies, record shops; Less music available
(b) Ill. (c) Yes. The Internet “gives millions of
大学英语综合教程4-unit2-Reading across culture
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Reading across cultures
Cultural awareness
Group 3&4 Maxine Hong Kingston (1940- )(汤 婷婷） The Woman Warrier (1976) China Men (1980) Amy Tan (1952- )(谭恩美) The Joy Luck Club （1989） The Kitchen God’s Wife (1991) The Bone Setter’s Daughter (2001)
Skimming
Para3
Para5 Para5
Reading across cultures
Skimming
Fill in the chart to identify the text structure.
Para1 Book title, author, setting General introduction of the story and main idea
Okonkwo
Comments
Reading across cultures
Scanning
brave
Okonkwo
Historical novel Post colonial novel A valuable portrayal of culture clash Avoiding stereotypical portrayal
Para2-4 Main plots
life stories of Okonkwo
one strength of the book, the Para5 Evaluation/comments reason why Achebe wrote in English, comments since its publication
Reading across cultures
Cultural awareness
Group 3&4 Maxine Hong Kingston (1940- )(汤 婷婷） The Woman Warrier (1976) China Men (1980) Amy Tan (1952- )(谭恩美) The Joy Luck Club （1989） The Kitchen God’s Wife (1991) The Bone Setter’s Daughter (2001)
Skimming
Para3
Para5 Para5
Reading across cultures
Skimming
Fill in the chart to identify the text structure.
Para1 Book title, author, setting General introduction of the story and main idea
Okonkwo
Comments
Reading across cultures
Scanning
brave
Okonkwo
Historical novel Post colonial novel A valuable portrayal of culture clash Avoiding stereotypical portrayal
Para2-4 Main plots
life stories of Okonkwo
one strength of the book, the Para5 Evaluation/comments reason why Achebe wrote in English, comments since its publication
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Made a new friend
Made a train journey
Decided to change
Reading across cultures
Tracing narrative structure
Work in groups and identify the narrative elements for the passage “Keeping Smiling”.
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Reading across cultures
Sequencing events
Made a train journey Read an article Made a new friend Decided to change Thought about myself
Read a magazine article Thought about myself
can be dispersed anywhere in the text
Evaluation
Resolution
result, outcome, solution
may lead to other complications and resolutions
Reading across cultures
Happiness is ... being healthy, wealthy and wise. Chinese rank the 82nd on world map of happiness.
Map of World Happiness)
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Reading across cultures
Agree or disagree?
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Reading across cultures
Structural elements
Orientation characters, place, time and context of the story
Complication
problem, crisis, dramatic turning point
Westerner’s stereotypes of Chinese They wear big goofy smile all the time. Chinese people are thought of as usually pretty quiet, polite, conservative, smart, respectful, hardworking and studious, submissive, and obedient. They don't spend money and are mean /stingy. They are good in calculus and are good businessman.
• 笑口常开 • 笑一笑十年少 • 一笑置之
• dismiss with a laugh • laugh out of court • laugh (it) off • • • • keep on / keep smiling joke around smile / laugh mouth always open laugh a lot
Reading across cultures
Information related
Smiles and Laughter for Asians An Asian uses the smile and laughter to exude happiness, joy, content, but on the flip side that same smile or laugh can be used to mask shame, embarrassment, loss of face, sadness or hurt feelings. Hence, a smile or laugh, which appears to be out of context, can confuse, upset or even irritate an unwary Westerner. In Asia, laughter serves many functions. People smile or laugh in response to funny and happy things, or when they are pleased. A smile and a laugh need not always be an expression of joy and amusement.
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Reading across cultures
Information related
Which smile/laugh is happy, which is not? Close observation helps to tell the difference between a happy smile and a sad smile… watch the eyes and the hands. You are in a restaurant and the waiter spills water on you accidentally, you mistake his laughter and feel enraged at his impoliteness. The waiter apologies profusely and hides his embarrassment with a smile and a laugh that is hidden by his hands. What he his saying behind the laughter is please forgive me for my clumsiness.
Reading across cultures
Westerner’s stereotypes
Work in groups and discuss whether you agree or disagree with the Westerner’s stereotypes of Chinese related to emotions or happiness.
A story expansion game
Work in your group and expand the skeleton story below. Play the game by taking turns—each person repeats what the last one says and adds phrases or sentences until your story covers all the narrative elements. The queen died. The prince cried. The princess smiled.
American sociolinguist William Labov (1972) developed a linguistic model for illustrating the structure of narratives and such models can be used for analyzing stories. The key elements in a short narrative are shown in the chart below.
Global understanding
2. Danes _________________ than Indians. smile more
3. The writer is ________________________. an Indian 4. His daughter told him that he only smiles when foreigners come to the house ___________________________________________________. 5. He decided to ____________________ as a result. start to smile more 6. Smiling was difficult because _______________________. it is a learned behavior 7. The writer feels ___________ when he smiles. happy 8. He made friends with a man on a train because of the way the young man smiled _________________________________________.
• • • • •
A smile can make you ten years younger. A smile can take ten years off your age. A smile can gain you ten more years of life. Smiles decade low. Laughter is the best medicine.
Reading across cultures
Lead-in Skimming and scanning Cultural awareness Preview
Reading across cultures
Reflections on smiles
Work in groups and discuss: When do you smile and to whom? Who smile more (male or female, older or young)? What professional groups need to smile? How smile show people’s inner thoughts? Are there differences in smiling behavior within a country?