英语记叙文的写作方法

英语记叙文的写作方法什么是记叙文呢？朗文现代英语词典中对记叙文的定义是“an orderly description of events”。

也就是说，记叙文通常以记叙和描写为主，是以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体，叙述人们的经历或事物发展变化过程的一种表达方式。

其描写的事情可真实、可虚构或二者合一，通常按事件发生的先后次序进行。

记叙文应以记叙为主，可适当发表见解、议论和抒情，但不可过多。

1.记叙文的分类记叙文一般说来，它大致分为三类：一是以记人为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物可以写一件事，也可写几件事；集中主要人物的描写，记叙人物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。

二是以写事为主的记叙文，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件可以写一个人，也可以写几个人；为了引起读者的注意，可以从一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开，直到高潮出现，再将问题解决。

三是以写景状物为主的记叙文。

但应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不能截然分开，但各有侧重。

2.明确五个“W”和一个“H”要写好记叙文，首先必须确定写些什么，然后懂得如何收集、选取素材，而不能提笔就写，写到哪里算哪里。

一篇完整的记叙文要能够把某一事件的经过情形介绍清楚，能回答有关这件事情的五个“W”和一个“H”：when(时间) where（地点）who（人物）why（原因）what（经过）how(结果)，做到有条有理，使读者易于明白。

一篇好的英语记叙文读后不应让读者还存有上述疑问。

如:Last week I took part in the final piano contest at the school. On that night, I was so nervous that I could hardly move my fingers. As I waited for my turn to appear on the stage, I was sure I had forgotten the opening notes of my piece of music. I began thinking of ways to run away, maybe I could faint（晕倒） or pretend to be very much ill. But then at the last minute my piano teacher came by to wish me luck and said something that suddenly changed everything. When my turn came，I played with ease and confidence. Although the results of the contest were disappointing，I was pleased that I had conquered one of my major enemies——stage fright（怯场）。

文中黑体部分读后让人留下了两个疑问：1）老师究竟说了些什么（What）使得一切突然发生了变化； 2）既然“轻松自信地”进行了演奏，为何（Why）结果会令人失望。

由于文章没有很好地处理这两个W，所以尽管文笔不错，还是一篇没有写好的记叙文。

3.确定以第几人称记叙一般来说，英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。

第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行记叙；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，要根据具体情况合理选用。

(1)第一人称叙述(First—person narrator)：写作者以当事人的口气，即第一人称来叙述，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻来告诉读者，用主观的表现手法，给读者一种亲切自然的感觉，如同亲身经历一样，加强了事件的可信性，直接抒发作者的思想情感，从而引起读者的共鸣。

(2)第三人称叙述(Third—person narrator)：写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述事件，以客观的写作方法，能够充分反映事件中各人的感受及见解，以全知的视角来叙述。

在用第一人称的记叙文中，不要过多地使用“I…”，“We…”这样的句型，以免给人单调乏味的感觉。

在以第三人称进行记叙时，要避免过多的评论，以至失去记叙文的客观性。

另一方面，确定了记叙视角后，不可再随意变来变去，以免破坏文章的连贯性以及打乱读者的思路。

4.确定以何种顺序展开记叙大多数情况下叙述都是按照事情的发展及时间的先后(顺叙）进行的，但有时也可以采用其它顺序，如倒叙、插叙等。

5.时态选择：由于大部分记叙文都是建立在时间顺序的基础上的，所以记叙文最常用的时态是一般过去时或者一般现在时，而前者出现的几率更大一些。

大多数文学作品中的叙述（或概括）采用的都是一般现在时; 大多数对历史事件或个人经历的叙述采用的都是一般过去时要注意的是，每篇记叙文都应该有一个基本的时态贯穿其始终。

只有在需要特别解释或特别强调的时候，时态变化才是必须并有效的。

6.叙述的方法：一般叙述的线索可分为以下几种：(1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序来展开。

(2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序来展开。

(3)以事件发展的过程为线索，或以人物出现的先后次序来展开。

(4)以事物的象征意义为线索来展开。

(5)以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索来展开。

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