AO工艺设计方案[精编版]

AO工艺设计方案[精编版]目录设计总说明 (V)General Design Introduction (IX)1 前言 (1)1.1 设计背景 (1)1.1.1 我国污水处理背景 (1)1.1.2 哈尔滨市背景资料 (1)1.1.3 设计资料 (1)1.1.4 污水特征 (1)1.2 城市污水处理厂工艺选择的原则 (2)1.3 工艺流程及各种工艺优缺点对比 (4)1.4 工艺流程 (8)2 污水处理系统设计计算 (9)2.1 格栅 (9)2.1.1 格栅的设计 (9)2.1.2 设计参数 (10)2.1.3 中格栅设计计算 (10)2.1.4 细格栅设计计算 (13)2.2 提升泵站 (15)2.2.1 泵站设计的原则 (15)2.2.2 泵房形式及工艺布置 (16)2.2.3 泵房设计计算 (16)2.3 沉砂池 (19)2.3.1 曝气沉砂池 (20)2.3.2 设计参数 (20)2.3.3 曝气沉砂池的设计计算 (20)2.3.4 曝气沉砂池曝气计算 (24)2.4 A/O反应池 (25)2.4.1 构筑物简介 (25)2.4.2 设计说明 (25)2.4.3 主要作用 (25)2.4.4 设计参数 (25)2.4.5 设计计算 (25)2.4.6 污泥回流比及混合液回流比 (27)2.4.7 剩余污泥量、生产污泥量 (27)2.4.8 需氧量计算 (28)2.4.9 供气量计算 (28)2.4.10 鼓风微孔曝气器空气管路计算 (30)2.6 二沉池 (31)2.6.1 沉淀池的类型及选择 (31)2.6.2 辐流式二沉池的设计参数 (31)2.6.3 设计计算 (31)2.6.4 设备选用 (33)3 污泥处理系统设计计算 (34)3.1 污泥浓缩池 (34)3.1.1 设计说明 (34)3.1.2 设计规定 (34)3.1.3 设计参数 (35)3.1.4 设备选型 (39)3.2 贮泥池 (39)3.2.1 构筑物简介 (39)3.2.2 主要作用 (40)3.2.3 设计参数 (40)3.2.4 设计计算 (40)3.2.5 设备选型 (40)3.3 蓄水池 (40)3.3.1 构筑物简介 (40)3.3.2 主要作用 (41)3.3.3 设计说明 (41)3.3.4 设计计算 (41)3.4 脱水机房 (41)3.4.1 构筑物简介 (41)3.4.2 主要作用 (41)3.4.3 设计计算 (41)3.4.4 设备选用 (42)4 污水处理厂总体布置 (43)4.1 污水处理厂平面布置 (43)4.2 平面布置原则 (43)4.3 平面布置 (45)4.3.1 工艺流程布置 (45)4.3.2 构（建）筑物平面布置 (45)4.3.3 污水厂管线布置 (45)4.3.4 厂区道路布置 (46)4.4 污水处理构筑物高程布置 (46)4.4.1 主要任务 (47)4.4.2 布置原则 (47)4.4.3 构筑物高程计算 (48)4.4.4 构筑物高程布置 (50)4.5 污泥处理构筑物高程布置 (51)4.5.1 污泥管道的水头损失 (51)4.5.2 污泥处理构筑物水头损失 (52)4.5.3 污泥高程布置 (52)5 经济技术可行性分析 (53)6 环境影响评价 (54)6.1建设过程中对环境的影响及对策 (54)6.1.1 生态影响分析 (54)6.1.2 施工扬尘的环境影响分析 (54)6.1.3 施工噪声的环境影响分析 (56)6.1.4 施工排水、及建筑垃圾的环境影响分析 (57)6.2 项目建成后的环境影响及对策 (58)6.3 环保投资 (59)6.4 资源损益分析 (60)6.5 环境损益分析 (60)6.6 社会损益分析 (61)参考文献 (62)附录 (63)致谢 (64)哈尔滨市15万m3/d污水处理厂工艺设计A/O工艺设计总说明1. 设计目的、要求、原则1.1 项目提出的背景及投资的必要性哈尔滨市是我国东北黑龙江省的省会城市，随着城市化进程的加快和经济建设的飞速发展,城市污水排放量也迅速增加,大量未经处理的污水任意排放.如果不能得到妥善处理,将给城市及水环境造成严重污染,影响人居环境质量和城市的可持续发展. 我国的水资源形势处于相当困难的境地，流经所有城市的河段中90%以上收到中度或更严重的污染，50%的城市河段的水不能饮用。

大量河流除排污外已失去其它效用。

许多主要湖泊处于不同时期的富营养化阶段。

根据环境部门对全国河流、湖泊、水库的水质状况的监测，由于近年来工业废水和城镇生活污水的排放等原因，哈尔滨市主要水系的水体都遭到了不同程度的污染。

同时，大量的工业废水和生活污水未经处理直接排入水域，使其受到严重污染，致使河水中生物、植物大部分绝迹，破坏了自然景观、污染城区下游地下水源，严重制约着经济的发展。

为改善环境，治理河水污染问题，建设城市污水治理工程势在必行。

1.2 A/O工艺设置要达到的污水排放标准应符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918－2002）一级A标准。

即：1.3 设计原则城市污水处理的目的是使之达标排放或污水回用用于使环境不受污染，处理后出水回用于农田灌溉，城市景观或工业生产等，以节约水资源。

《城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策》对污水处理工艺的选择给出以下几项关于城镇污水处理工艺选择的准则：(1)城市污水处理工艺应根据处理规模、水质特征、受纳水体的环境功能及当地的实际情况和要求，经全面技术经济比较后优先确定；(2)工艺选择的主要技术经济指标包括：处理单位水量投资，削减单位污染物投资，处理单位水量电耗和成本，削减单位污染物电耗和成本，占地面积，运行性能，可靠性，管理维护难易程度，总体环境效益；(3)应切合实际地确定污水进水水质，优先工艺设计参数必须对污水的现状、水质特征、污染物构成进行详细调查或测定，做出合理的分析预测；(4)在水质组成复杂或特殊时，进行污水处理工艺的动态试验，必要时应开展中试研究；(5)积极地采用高效经济的新工艺，在国内首次应用的新工艺必须经过中试和生产性试验，提供可靠性设计参数，然后进行运用。

2. 工程概况2.1 设计规模Q=15万m3/d, 变化系数：Kz=1.32.2 进、出水水质出水应符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918－2002）一级A 标准。

即：2.3 气象、水文、地质条件哈尔滨市属于半湿润温带大陆性季风气候，其气候特点是，冬季在极地大陆冷气团控制下，气候寒冷、干燥，夏季受太平洋副热带气团影响，降水集中，气候温和、湿润。

气候有明显的季节性变化，春季回暖快而多大风，全年主导风向西南风。

年平均气温3.6℃，最低气温为-38.1℃；年平均降雨量为553.5mm，降雨期集中在7~8月份；年平均日照在2500小时，无霜期在135~140天，最大冻深1.97m。

松花江流域位于中国东北地区的北部，松花江流域介于北纬41°42′~51°38′、东经119°52′-132°31′之间，东西长920公里，南北宽1070公里，流域面积55.68万平方公里，历年最高水位120.89 m，最低水位110.07m,平均水位115.52m,地下水埋藏深度距地表1-15m。

2.4 工艺及工艺流程从污水的特点，处理的要求与程度和工艺的特征入手，对多种工艺进行比较，经分析比较后，选择最优方案进行后续的设计计算。

对预选方案进行细致的研究和比较，确定黑龙江哈尔滨市15万m3/d污水处理厂设计工艺为A/O法。

其工艺流程如下图：3. 设计规范、标准①《中华人民共和国环境保护法》；②《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》；③《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准GB 18918－2002》；④《给水排水设计手册》（第二版）等一系列设计书册；⑤其它的相关专业书籍；⑥网络尤其是万方、中国知网等一些中国著名的检索网站。

4. 设计结果主要构筑物见表1-1表1-1主要构筑物一览表关键词城市污水处理；A/O工艺；污水处理厂General Design Introduction1 . Designed to require, in principle1.1 Background of Project Proposal necessity and investmentHarbin is the capital city of northeastern Heilongjiang province , with the rapid development of urbanization and accelerate economic construction , urban sewage emissions have increased rapidly, a large number of uncontrolled discharge of untreated sewage , if not handled properly , will cities and water cause serious environmental pollution affecting the sustainable development of human settlements and urban environmental quality of our country 's water resources situation is quite difficult situation , the river flows through all the city's more than 90% received moderate or more severe pollution , 50% of the urban river water undrinkable . In addition to a large number of rivers of sewage outside has lost another utility. Many major lakes are eutrophic stage at different times.According to the environmental department of the national water quality of rivers, lakes, reservoirs monitoring, due to recent industrial wastewater and urban sewage discharge and other reasons, the main river water in Harbin have been polluted to varying degrees. Meanwhile , a large number of industrial wastewater and untreated sewage is discharged directly into the waters , it is seriously contaminated , resulting in the river creatures , plants mostly disappeared, destroyed the natural landscape, urban pollution downstream groundwater sources , seriously restricting the economic development . To improve the environment, water pollution control, construction of urban sewage treatment works is imperative.1.2 A / O process settings to achieve effluent discharge standardsShall conform to the "urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard" (GB18918-2002) an A standard. Namely:1.3 Design PrinciplesThe purpose is to make the city's sewage treatment discharge standards for wastewater reuse or make the environment from pollution, the treated effluent reuse for irrigation, urban landscape or industrial production, so as to conserve water resources. "Urban sewage treatment and pollution control technology policy" on the sewage treatment process selection criteria given in the following items on urban wastewater treatment process selection:(1) Urban sewage treatment process should be handled in accordance withthe scale, quality characteristics, receiving water environment functions and local realities and requirements, after a comprehensive technical and economic comparison priorities identified .The main technical and economic indicators.(2) Process selection include: water treatment unit investment, investment pollutant reduction units, water treatment units power consumption and cost, power consumption and pollutant reduction of unit costs, footprint, performance, reliability, ease of management and maintenance, the overall environmental benefits.(3) Should be practical to determine effluent water quality, process design parameters must be the priority status of sewage, water features, pollutants constitute a detailed investigation or determination to make a reasonable analysis and forecasting.(4) The composition of the water when complex or special, dynamic testing of sewage treatment process, where necessary, to carry out pilot studies;(5) Actively efficient and economical use of new technology, new technology applications in the country for the first time must pass the test and production test, providing reliable design parameters, and then use.2. Project Overview2.1 design scales: Q = 15 million m3 / d, the coefficient of variation: Kz = 1.32.2 Jin, water qualityWater should be in line with the "urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard" (GB18918-2002) an A standard. Namely:2.3 meteorological, hydrological and geological conditionsHarbin belong in humid temperate continental monsoon climate, the climate is characterized by winter in the polar continental air mass control, the weather is cold, dry, summer affected by the Pacific subtropical air masses, precipitation concentration, mild climate, humid. There are obvious seasonal climate changes, warmer spring fast and windy, annual dominant wind southwest wind. The annual average temperature 3.6 ℃, the lowest temperature of -38.1 ℃; annual average rainfall of 553.5mm, rainfall concentrated in the period from July to August ; annual average sunshine at 2500 hours , frost-free period of 135 to 140 days, the maximum frost depth 1.97m.Songhai River basin is located in the northern part of northeast Chinese Songhua River basin between latitude 41 °42 '~ 51 ° 38', longitude 119 ° 52'-132 ° 31 ', 920 km from east to west, north-south width of 1070 km, watershed area of 556,800 square kilometers, over the highest water level 120.89 m, the lowest level 110.07m, the average water level 115.52m, buried depth of groundwater from surface 1-15m.2.4 Process and ProcessFrom the characteristics of sewage requirements and the extent and characteristics of the treatment process start to compare a variety of processes, after analysis and comparison, choose the best program for subsequent designcalculations. Preselection scheme for detailed study and comparison to determine Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000 m3 / d wastewater treatment plant design process for the A / O method.1 前言1.1 设计背景1.1.1 我国污水处理背景我国是人口大国，在其经济迅猛发展的同时，也带来了新的环境污染问题，水环境污染是最备受关注和解决的问题之一。