牛津高中英语模块六M6U4虚拟语气练习

M6U4虚拟语气讲解 2011.12.16

一、虚拟条件句

1．非真实条件句的形式，根据时间的不同可分为如下三种：

⑴表示与将来的事实或愿望相反

①If it snowed / should snow / were to snow tomorrow, we would change our plan．

要是明天下雪的话，我们就改变计划。

②If we changed / should change / were to change our plan, they would be disappointed．

如果我们改变计划，他们会失望的。

⑵表示与现在的事实或愿望相反(be动词常用were)

①If I knew the answer, I would tell you．如果我知道答案，我会告诉你。

②If 1 were rich，I would donate money to the Hope Project．

要是我富有的话，我会捐款给希望工程。

⑶表示与过去的事实或愿望相反

If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have danced with the American Indians．

如果你早十分钟来的话，你就可以和印第安人跳舞了。

2．可以省去条件句中的if，使用倒装句，即把从句中的should，were和had置于句首。

①Should it snow tomorrow, we would put off our celebration．

如果明天下雪，我们就推迟庆祝会。

②Were I rich, I would buy an expensive cal．要是我有钱，我就买一辆昂贵的汽车。

③Had you attended the lecture, you could have known the special custom．

如果你听了讲座，你就会知道这种特殊的习俗了。

3．虚拟条件句中的谓语可用进行时，表示“如果……正在……”等含义，主句中的谓语仍用would（或might，should，could），并根据情况选用时态。如：

① If we weren’t living in the 21st century, people would treat the event in an old way.

要不是生活21世纪，人们会用旧有的方式对待这个事件。

②If Mary were living a hard life, her parents should be responsible for it.

要是玛丽生活艰难的话，她的父母应该对此负责。

4．错综虚拟语气(也叫混合时间虚拟语气)

如果虚拟句的主、从句中动词表达不同的虚拟动作时间，则该句被称为“混合条件虚拟句”。句中动词采用何种形式（现在或过去虚拟式）要依据主、从句中的时间状语（或上下文）来确定。如：

①If you worked hard now, you would get a good job in the future．

如果你现在努力，将来会有好工作。

②If he had not been caught in the rain yesterday, he wouldn’t be ill now．

要是他昨天不淋雨的话，现在就不会生病了。

③If David had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now．

如果大卫在上次的选举中多赢得六张选票，那么他就会是我们的现任主席。

【注意】在混合条件虚拟句中，要注意事实和虚拟假设的混合。要根据所述事实发生的时间确定它的时态形式。

①I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible，but I Was fully

occupied the whole of last week．如有可能，我本来会到医院去看望他的，但整个上周我实在是太忙了。（说明过去情况，用一般过去时）

② If Tom didn’t work overtime today, he would come to our reception. However, he is preparing

the coming exam now. 如果Tom今天不加班，他回来我们的宴会的。然而，他现在正准备即将到来的考试。（说明现在情况，用现在进行时）

③Should it not rain tomorrow, I might travel around our town. What a pity! I will have to help

my father on the farm. 万一明天不下雨，我可能会周游我们镇。真遗憾，我不得不在农场上帮助我父亲。（说明将来情况，用一般将来时）

5．“could have + 过去分词”也可用于虚拟条件句中，这时的could是情态动词，表示“能够”，相当于：had been able to……。比如：

① If I could have earned enough money, I should have traveled over the world.

要是我挣的钱足够多的话，我就会周游世界了。

② If you could have prevented mistakes, you might have been more successful.

如果你能避免错误的话，你会更加成功的。

6．Were it not for sth: （与现在或将来情况相反）要不是因为……

Had it not been for sth: (与过去情况相反) 要不是因为……

① Were it not for the heavy traffic today, I would set off to my school.

要不是因为今天繁忙的交通，我就动身去学校了。

② Had it not for the delay, they could have completed their long march yesterday.

要不是因为耽误，他们昨天就能结束他们的长征。

7．隐含条件虚拟句

虚拟句中没有明显的虚拟条件，而是利用其他手段来暗示所存在的虚拟条件(可转化为if 条件虚拟句)，此类虚拟句被称为“隐含条件虚拟句”。

⑴由without，but for，with（要不是因为）等词引导的介词短语表示隐含条件。

①I couldn’t have lived through Christmas without giving you a present．(=I couldn’t have lived

through Christmas if I hadn’t given you a present.) 若不送给你礼物，我无法过这圣诞节。

②But for your timely help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. (=We couldn’t have

finished the work on time if you hadn’t given us your timely help.)

要不是你们及时给予帮助，我们不可能按时完成工作。