写作与翻译 答案

Key to Exercises:Unit 1Exercise I:1.General education means the whole development of an individual, apart from hisoccupational training.普通教育除了专业训练的内容外，还指对人的全方位的培养过程。

2.The University, in the strict sense, is to mean that institution which teaches theordinary student to be a cultured person and a good member of a profession.从严格意义上来说，大学是为了把普通学生教育成为有文化修养、具备优秀专业技能的人。

3. A university is a place where enquiry is pushed forward and discoveries perfectedand verified, and rashness rendered innocuous and error exposed by the collision of mind with mind and knowledge with knowledge.大学是一个推动探索、使各种发现得到不断完善和证实的地方; 在那里，轻率和鲁莾变得无伤大雅，错误通过思想与思想之间、知识与知识之间的碰撞会暴露无遗。

4.With research serving as the primary component, the role of the universityprofessors blends research and teaching; research activity quite rightfully becomes a mode of instruction. The student role fuses research and learning; research activity is transformed into a mode of study.以科研作为主要的教学手段，教授的作用在于把科研和教学结合起来——科研活动转变成为一种学习的模式。

5.It is a basic human right to be able to have access to and an understanding ofinformation, and there is now more information available than ever before in the world’s history.获取信息和理解信息是最基本的人权，而我们现在拥有人类历史上前所未有的信息量。

rmation is very important to the development of the individual and o f society,and information technology gives considerable power to those able to access and use it.信息对个人和社会的发展都非常重要，信息技术将使那些能够获取并利用它的人拥有相当大的力量。

7.读书不一定能使人善于思考，但是与善于思考的人交往，就能使人好学善思。

Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who thinks.8.目前，大多数国家的基础教育主要是由政府拨款的。

Basic education is currently funded primarily by the state in most countries.9.全球化不仅对贸易和生产产生巨大的冲击，而且对教育也有重大的影响。

The impact of globalization is not just on trade and production, it also has an important impact on education.10.对教学的一个新的挑战就是使所授课程国际化的压力。

A new challenge to teaching is the pressure to internationalize curriculum offerings.Exercise II:1. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.他们也会发现教授一开始便希望他们自己去查找并评价资料，而不是在讲课时提供需要记住的具体事实和课程资料。

因而，学生必须提高查找、选择和评价图书馆资料的技能。

大多数学校在每一学年开始时所进行的新生入学指导计划中，就包括如何利用图书馆的指导。

2.Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.I often hear university presidents say, "I treat my students as if they were my own children." And indeed they act just like strict but loving parents, telling the students that they should get at least eight hours of sleep, that everyone must get up for morning exercises at six a.m., that they aren't allowed to walk around campus in slippers.I have always considered university presidents to be visionary policymakers who set the course of academic research and education rather than mere nannies in charge of feeding steamed bread and porridge to infants. Some educators might say, "If these students had learned a bit of independence and self-discipline before they came to college, I wouldn't need to spoon-feed and discipline them like this. It is because they were not taught all these things in primary and secondary school that I, a university president, have to teach them now.”These remarks sound reasonable, yet in fact they are quite illogical. Since it is because the students have all along been taught in a spoon-fed manner that they haven't acquired independence and self-discipline after 12 years of schooling, wouldn't it merely result in an endless vicious circle if this sort of "babysitting" is continued at university level? Besides, what are the aims of our university education? To turn out submissive and rule-abiding students, or students who are able to independently assess a situation, make decisions and pass judgments?Unit 2Exercise 1.中国经历了一系列艰苦的变革和试验。

我和其他的美国人都没有资格告诉中国应采取什么样的经济制度。

最适合中国的是一个在中国扎了根的制度――扎根于中国的习惯、传统与行事方式。

检验任何制度要看它的结果：看它在多达程度上能更大地满足人民的需要。

中国人民所需要的与美国人民所需要的不会在所有方面完全一致，但在某些方面会是一致的。

对任何经济制度的最终检验要看其是否有效。

一个有效的经济制度能激发生产的积极性，能公平地分配其产品。

什么样地奖励是有效的，什么是“公平”的分配。

――这些问题不同的文化会有不同的回答，甚至同一文化在不同的历史时期或不同的发展阶段也会有不同的回答。

在大国中，美国的经济制度在历史上最成功地制造了繁荣。

中国的制度在历史上最成功地创造了平等。

我们面临的共同挑战是避免强迫人民在二者之间做出一个困难的选择：在一个极端是一个能提供平等，但延续贫困的制度，在另一个极端是一个能提供繁荣，但会无视贫困的制度。

贫困对平等和繁荣来说都是一个过高的代价。

中国所面临的挑战是坚持平等的原则而不损害其人民的生产力。

美国所面临的挑战是提供繁荣，以便给予全体人民一个摆脱贫困的机会。

我们的制度有着巨大的差别，但从长远的观点来看，我们为全体人民谋求更美好的生活的目标是一致的。

经过几个世纪的战争与革命，中国需要一个和平的世纪和进步的世纪。

只有当中国领导人保持一个世纪的稳定，这些才会成为可能――这并不是停滞的稳定而是一个创造性的稳定，为中国人民所固有的聪明才智的充分发挥提供富饶的土壤。

最近几年，中国正在进行艰苦的创造性的努力，旨在创立一个适合中国目前历史时期和发展阶段的制度。

我们展望未来，展望下一个世纪，中国的制度会继续发展与变化。

所有的制度都是如此。

美国目前的经济制度不同于一个世纪之前，甚至不同于半个世纪前、当我达到美国人称之为成熟年龄的时候。