外刊经贸知识选读Lesson 5
外刊经贸知识选读lesson
债务危机
债务危机是指在国际借贷领域中大量负债，超 过了借款者自身的清偿能力，造成无力还债或 必须延期还债的现象。
第九页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
发展中国家的债务危机起源于20世纪70年代，80年代初爆发。 从1976～1981年，发展中国家的债务迅速增长，到1981年
第二十页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
2.offset vt. 抵消；弥补；
n. 抵消，补偿；平版印刷
The gains offset the losses.
收支相抵。
In basketball, he offsets his small size by his cleverness and speed.
7. moderate adj. 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的 vi. 变缓和，变弱
vt. 节制；减轻
His fury moderated when he learned why she had done it.
当他知道了她那样做的原因时，他的火气就消了。 The adjustment of the interest rate will moderate. 利率的调整将会放缓。
债务困扰严重的主要是巴西、墨西哥、阿根廷、委内瑞 拉、智利和印度等国。
第十页，编辑于星期五：五点 十五分。
8. consecutive adj. 连贯的；连续不断的 Wal-Mart Stores reported falling same-
store sales for the fifth consecutive quarter. 沃尔玛汇报可比店销售连续第五个季度下降。
外债总额积累达5550亿美元，以后两年经过调整，危机缓和，
《外刊经贸知识选读》1-6课复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》1-6课复习资料《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章一、术语1制成品 manufactured goods2资本货物 capital goods3国际收支 balance of payments 4经常项目 current account 5有形贸易项目 visible trade account6无形贸易项目 invisible trade account7贸易顺差 trade surplus8贸易逆差 trade deficit9易货贸易 barter10补偿贸易 compensationtrade11反向贸易 counter-trade12组装生产 assembly manufacturing13工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 14合资企业 joint venture15延期付款 deferred payment 16买方信贷 buyer credit17卖方信贷 supplier credit 18软贷款（低息贷款） soft loan 19最惠国待遇MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）20永久性正常贸易关系PNTR （Permanent Normal Trading Relations）21国民收入 NI（National Income）22国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product）23国内生产总值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product）24国际复兴和开发银行IBRD （International Bank for Reconstruction and Development）国际开发协会IDA（International Development Association）25国际金融公司IFC （International Finance Comporation）26经济合作和发展组织 OECD（Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development）27国际清算银行 BIS（Bank forInternational Settlement）28欧洲经济共同体 EEC（European Economic Community）29欧洲联盟 EU（EuropeanUnion）30外商直接投资 FDI（ForeignDirect Investment）二、词语释义：1substantially ：dramatically， significantly，considerably2subsequently： afterwards3exacerbate： deteriorate，worsen； aggravate； make worse4withdraw： cancellation5theme： principle6in return for： in exchange for7disrupt： interrupt8destined： designed9pronounced： marked10in the wake of： following；after with11undue： too much；unbearable12reverse： change to the opposite13buoyant： brisk14outcome： result15boost： stimulate；promote； develop16recover： rebound17facilitate： make easy18run-down： reduction19mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions20insofar as： to the extent21bottlenecks： obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. 20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
《外刊经贸知识选读》7-15课复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第七章一、术语1．free trade 自由贸易2．trade sanctions 贸易制裁3．fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划managed trade 管理贸易4．trade balance 贸易差额5．multilateral rules 多边规则6．economic cycle 经济周期7．budget deficit 预算赤字8．trade reprisals 贸易报复9. market share市场份额10.White Paper白皮书11.vested interests既得利益12.civil service行政部门13.wholesaler批发商14. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)日本通商产业省15. households save 家庭储蓄16. economic cycle 经济周期17. parts and components 零件、部件、零部件二、词语释义：1. draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）2. die down: disappear gradually3. foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates4 capitulate to: yield to5. thrust: principal concern or objective6. geared to: adjusted to7. take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for8. is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to9. of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously10. export-driven: export-led; export-oriented11. in due course: at the right time12. cave in to: give in to三、句子翻译1. The strongest signal came last week，when Mickey Kanter，(the U.S. trade representative), moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for (“intolerable”discrimination against U.S. companies)seeking government contracts withinthe community. The administrationwill begin retaliating in six weeks ifEC policies remain unchanged.最强的信号来自于上周，美国贸易代表米奇·凯特引用欧共体的话指出，12国欧共体谋求共同体内部的政府间合同是对美国公司的“令人无法忍受的”歧视。
外刊经贸知识选读_课_lesson5
Lesson 5 U.S. Is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen美国已做好准备任凭其贸易关系恶化By Peter BehrWashington Post Service 1. WASHINGTON—The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worse before they get better.克林顿政府正计划推行强硬的贸易政策路线，由此向欧洲和日本发出信号要求其更为公正的对待美国的出口，同时也表示美国政府已做好准备对待贸易关系恶化而非改善的状况。
2. The strongest signal came last week, when Mickey Kantor, the U.S. trade representative, moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for “intolerable” discrimination against U.S. companies seeking government contracts within the Community. The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged, Mr. Kantor said.美国贸易代表Mickey Kantor在上周发出了最为强烈的信号，他对欧共体12国限制美国公司参与欧洲政府采购计划迅速做出反应，认为这种做法是“不可忍受”的，并且警告说如果欧洲在六周之内不改变其现有做法那么美国将会采取报复性措施。
英语报刊阅读教程-对外经贸大学Unit5
Unit5passage1But are today's economic times actually worse?One way to measure that is the misery index.That was a gauge of economic trouble developed in the late1970s and 1980s that was supposed to be a more accurate measure of how bad the economy was for the average Joe.The misery index combines the inflation rate with the unemployment rate to come.And indeed those twin fears of joblessness and souring food and gas prices are what seems to be sapping confidence in the economy these days as well.So how does the economy measure up to the1970s based on the misery index. Actually pretty well.The misery index hit19.3at the end of1974,the year I was born. In1980,the index pare that to now and the economy looks positively rosy.Today the misery index would stand at11.Good times,right.Maybe not.But while the misery index may have been a good gauge of economic health in the1970s,it isn't the best measure of economic health at all times and misses the point today.One example,deflation is one of the worse things that can happen to the economy.Wages and income and asset values tumble,while debts stay the same. Bankruptcies galore.Yet,by the misery index,deflation would be a good thing, bringing the index down.And too little inflation,and the fear of deflation,has been one of the things that Bernanke has worried about.That's why Kathleen Madigan,over at the Wall Street Journal,has devised a new misery index that may do a better job of actually comparing today's economic times to back then.While inflation is low,many think it will soon rise,and that along housing prices and the lack of jobs could be what is holding back the economy.So Madigan's new misery index looks at the one year change in the jobless rate,gas prices and home prices.Based on those calculations,Madigan's new misery index scores in at20, up from8.3a year ago.She also finds that Phoenix is not the most miserable place, economy-wise,in the nation to live.So how does our current economic times measure up to the1970s?The earliest I could find for gas price data was1979.At the end of that year,the new misery index would actually stand at-8.So a rating of positively groovy.That's mostly due to the fact that housing prices rose12that year.The reading for1980would be13.2%.So now we are talking some economic pain.But still that's significantly less than Madigan's misery index reads now.So I guess it's time for me to recalibrate what I think the worst of economic times are.And I thought it was just the music that was better back then.至少对20世纪70年代出生的我们这一代人，那十年仍然是最糟糕的时代。
浙江7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096Ⅰ.常用词语的英译汉(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into Chinese.1.trade fairs and exhibitions2.intellectual property right3.trade procedure4.export quota5.(government)procurement6.European integration7.Export Commodity Fair8.countervailing duty9.fledgling industries10.deinflationary policiesⅡ.常用词语的汉译英(每个词组1分，共10分)Put the following phrases into English.1.外商独资2.自然资源3.国内生产总值4.供需5.市场导向6.商业周期7.质量证书8.贸易逆差9.市场力量10.经常项目Ⅲ.正误判断题(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and decide whether the satements are ture or false.What Is MarketThe world market is used in a number of ways.There is a stock market and an automobile market,a retail market for furniture and a wholesale market for furniture.One person may be going to the market;another may plan to market a product.What,then is market?A market may be defined as a place where buyers and sellers meet,goods or services are offered for sale,and transfers of ownership occur.A market may also be defined as the demand made by a certain group of potential buyers for a good or service.For instance,there is a farm marker for petroleum(石油)products.The terms market and demand are often used interchangeably;they may also be used jointly as market demand.These definitions are not sufficiently precise to be useful to us here.For business purposes we define a market as people or organizations with wants(needs) to satisfy,money to spend, and the willingness to spend it.Thus in the market demand for any given product or service,there are three factors to consider—people or organizations with wants(needs),their purchasing power,and theirbuying behavior.We shall employ the dictionary definition of needs:the lack of anything that is required,desired,or useful.We do not limit needs to the narrow physiological(生理的)requirements of food,clothing and shelter essential for survival.In our discussion the words needs and wants are used synonymously and interchangeably.In strict interpretation,however,needs would refer to such basic physiological requirements as food,clothing,and shelter,while wants would be nonbasic preferences.However,in our affluent society,little is to be gained by trying to differentiate between the two.Many of us would see as needs some items that are far beyond food,clothing,and sheltter. 1.According to the passage,the word“market”can be used in different occasions and thereforeacquire different meanings.( )2.The sentence“…there is a farm market for petroleum products.”indicates that “market”and“demand”are sometimes synonyms.( )3.In the commercial field,the concept of market involves only people with wants.( )4.The words “needs”and “wants”can be used synonymously and interchangeably because theyboth suggest the lack of something.( )5.The passage is mainly about why people are confused with needs and wants.( )Ⅳ.单项选择题(每题2分，共20分)Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part or what is required in the following statements.1.In April,the EC imposed a ban on livestock,meat,and dairy products from 18 eastern countries following an outbreak of hoof and mouth disease in Croatia.( )A.levied a high tariffB.adopted quota systemC.limited the import volumeD.shut out imports2.Hire a commission buying agent who finds sources abroad on behalf of the principal.( )A.head of an educational institutionB.person who commits a crimeC.main actor or performerD.one who employs another to act as his agent3.An in-ouse service gives managers direct contact with foreign suppliers, an advantage to a firm that has a large volume of overseas purchasing.( )A.a business carried on in shelter,not in openB.a deal concluded in one's own countryC.an entertainments given to suppliersD.a negotiation with the supplier in one's own company4.But it often allows the purchaser a say in product specifications.( )A.revision to his requirementsB.room for bargainingC.right to decideD.presentation of complaint5.It is also the only way to ensure product exclusivity.( )A.right of only sale of a product,not shared by othersB.a competitive edge in sale of a productC.an advantage over other firms in sale of a productD.a small number of a product only6.Direct buying enables companies to do a better job of product development with key vendors.( )A.producersB.sellersC.consumersD.buyers7.Officials on both sides were optimistic that a deal on farming,which would unlock the rest of the round,was within reach.( )A.solveB.openC.tightenD.close8.Sony had to shrink 2,000 components into a space one quarter the size they occupy in a conventional camcorder.( )A.condenseB.add up toC.leave offD.make lighter9.With a target to aim at,the coverers know that the innovation is at least technically feasible.( )A.strongB.stableC.advancedD.possible10.Tourists enterprises and any other service industry outside the zone are not entitled to any special status.( )A.have no power toB.are not interested inC.have no right toD.are not obliged toⅤ.英译汉(每题4分，共40分)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.We will also implement the “going out”strategy,encouraging viable enterprises to invest abroad.This will enable us to take advantage of both the domestic and international markets.2.After China joins the WTO,consumers on the mainland will start to find more choices in their shops,including many new items from overseas.3.International marketing is important because the world has become globalized.International marketing takes place all around us every day, and has a major effect on our lives.4.Technology transfer is the transfer of systematic knowledge for the manufacture of a product,for the application of a process,or for the rendering of a service.The elements of the transfer are “human ware”,“soft ware”and “hard w\are”.5.Foreign direct investment tends to transfer assets from the developed world to the developing world.But the pattern is not entirely simple.6.We are not safely beyond a backlash against the new world of competition.7.Hong Kong and Korea didn't invent new or more efficient manufacturing techniques.They simply bought market share with low wages.8.Globalisation has aroused worries in many rich countries that free trade with much poorer countries threatens jobs and prosperity.This was plain in last year's debate in the United States over expanding the North American Free Trade Agreement.9.The world economy has sneezed,the mainland's export sector has caught a cold,and Hong Kong is suffering from influenza.There is no quick cure medication.10.The company's new formula was designed partly to keep Coke's sales growing overseas. Compared with Americans,who guzzle more soda than water,the rest of world is still in the sipping stage.Ⅵ.短文提问(每题2分，共10分)Read the following passage and answer the questions in English.Given the stakes involved,it's not surprising that the issue has become politically volatile.The outspoken opposition leaders of the National Assembly routinely criticize the government forgranting special tax breaks to the chaebol,which they argue have impeded the growth of small businesses and stymied entrepreneurship.1.What does “given”mean here?2.What is “the stakes”?3.Why was the government criticized by the outspoken opposition leaders?4.Give one synonym for “businesses”.5.What is the meaning of “involved”here?。
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案
外刊经贸知识选读复习（自考）课后习题答案三、课后问题：1、What‘s the meaning of ―the pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖?―The pattern of China‘s foreign trade‖ refers chiefly(主要的) to thecommodity structure of China‘s foreign trade and her trade partnership with theworld.2、What kind of clause is introduced by ―when‖ in the sentence of the thirdparagraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语)one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognit ion that foreign technology could playa major role inmodernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the nationaleconomy.‖(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
) Why did the more than 50% rise in imports of 1978 place undue strain on C hina‘s national economy?More foreign exchanges(外汇) is required for more imports. All sections of China‘s national economy would have to work harder and better to export andearn more for the imports increased.4、What‘s ―a net grain exporter(粮食净出口国)‖? Does it mean one who hasnever done any imports?“A net grain exporter‖ should be one who has done both imports and exportsof the item, but finally exported more than imported withina period of time.5、―The strong increase in imports last year is att ributed to buoyant economicactivity as well as to the success of the Government‘s trade and foreigninvestment policies.‖(去年进口额的大大增加不仅是由于政府贸易政策与对外投资政策的成功，而且是由于趋于上升的经济。
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读生词,重点词组,课后问答Lesson5-10
自考00096外刊经贸知识选读生词,重点词组,课后问答Lesson5-10Lesson 5 关于美国的贸易策略与政策( On the US Strategy and Policy in Trade)一、译文：美国已做好准备任其贸易关系恶化华盛顿邮报通讯社彼得.贝尔华盛顿电——克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。
上周传来了最强烈的信号，美国贸易代表米奇.坎特迅速指出有12个成员国的欧共体“不可容忍”的歧视那些寻求与欧共体签订政府协议的美国公司。
坎特先生说，弱国欧共体的政策不加以改变的话，美国政府在六个月内就要开始报复。
本周对于熟悉克林顿政府的官员和国会消息灵通人士的采访中，他们透露了新政府贸易政策的初始主题。
其要点有：坚决主张欧洲和日本答应给予美国出口公司进入欧洲和日本市场的机会，就如外国公司在美国的道德待遇一样，从而创造一个“公平竞争领域“二、重要词组：1、tough强硬的*2、Clinton administration克林顿政府3、get better 好转4、be prepared to do something有准备的、准备好的5、trading partners 贸易伙伴6、move 提议、提出*7、discrimination against 歧视….*8、retaliate 报复*9、trade representative 贸易代表10、trade policies 贸易政策11、sanctions 制裁*12、trade sanctions 贸易制裁13、sanctions on 制裁……14、trade barrier 贸易壁垒15、escalate 逐步升高、逐步上升16、escalate into sth.17、protectionism 贸易保护主义19、the future of 前景20、trade surplus 贸易赤字21、results-oriented 结果导向22、frictions 摩擦、冲突、矛盾23、a range of 一系列的24、North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定25、trade priority 贸易优先权26、live with the consequences 承受后果27、trade hawks 贸易鹰派、贸易强硬派28、procurement 采购*29、government procurement 政府采购30、stick by our guns 坚持己见31、balanced against 与……相对32、free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定33、business 商会34、bully 威吓*35、get off 开始36、trade signals 贸易信号课后问题1、“The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worsebefore they get better.” 克林顿政府正在开始制定一个更为强硬的美国贸易政策，这向欧洲和日本发出信号，它将会为美国出口要求更公平的待遇，并且克林顿政府已经做准备，任凭其与贸易伙伴的关系在好转之前先恶化。
外刊经贸知识选读lesson5
9. strategy：['stræ tidʒi] n. the art of planning operations in business 谋略，战略 Our sales strategy has worked very well. 我们公司的销售战略卓有成效。
The best market strategy is for your corporation to invest in other corporations. 最佳的市场战略就在于贵公司购买其他公司的股份。
Sanctions were imposed for six months and then lifted. 制裁实施了6个月后就取消了。
5. escalate：['eskəleit] v. increase or develop by successive stages; become or make sth. more intense 逐步增长或 发展；（使）更紧张
impose ：[im'pəuz] 2) vt. try to make sb. accept; inflict sth. 强迫某人 接受，将某事情强加于…… A country may control its economy by imposing import restriction. 一个国家可通过施加进口限制来控制经济。
7. Para. 23 曾在美加自由贸易谈判中担任加拿大贸易大 使的资深顾问戈登· 里奇称，“美国政府中的一 些官员也被说服得相信对抗可以取得成效。任何 认为欧洲与日本会因为美国的威胁而按照美国给 定的期限和优先考虑的事情来行事的人还都没有 看清形势的发展”。
7. friction：['frikʃən] n. the rubbing of one surface or thing against another 摩擦 The major economic friction between US and EU lies in steel imports. 美国和欧盟的主要经济摩擦在于钢材的进口问题。
外刊经贸知识选读(00096)
《外刊经贸知识选读》课程学习过程评价要求1.平时作业平时作业由任课教室根据考试大纲中考核内容与要求布置。
任课教师可结合本课程特点与学生的学习情况，要求学生用英文解释经贸知识或翻译经贸外文。
平时作业要求用16开纸手写，也可教师统一用A4纸打印题目，学生手写答题，每次作业主客观题搭配，不少于三页纸，统一上交三次作业。
2.测验测验由任课教师统一组织期中、期末各一次，要求以正规试卷的格式（8开纸打印）进行。
题型可有单项选择题、多项选择题、名词解释、计算题、简答题、论述题等，总小题数不少于40个，其中客观题30个左右，主观题10个左右，请根据具体情况合理搭配。
3. 实验报告或调研报告（手写论文）结合本课程特点，任课教师可就某一个话题要求学生进行调研形成调研报告，或联系国内外经济形势要求学生写论文，并严格要求调研报告和论文质量，杜绝学术不端行为，字数不少于3000。
4.考核意见和分数根据实际情况酌情给分数，考核意见与分数对应分为优秀、良好、中、合格和不合格五级。
附：《外刊经贸知识选读》课程考试大纲《外刊经贸知识选读》考试大纲山东经济学院2011年1月目录第一部分考试大纲说明与基本要求一、课程的性质、特点及课程设置的目的和要求1.课程的性质与特点2.课程设置的目的和要求3．课程的教学方法二、《外刊经贸知识选读考试大纲》说明三、课程内容与考核要求Lesson 1 China’s Foreign TradeLesson 2 China’s Absorption of Foreign Direct InvestmentLesson 3 China’s Opened EconomyLesson 4 The World EconomyLesson 5 On the US Strategy & Policy in TradeLesson 6 The Development of EULesson 7 On Japan’s Position on TradeLesson 8 South Korea & Other Fast-developing Asian Countries---Their Progress and ProblemsLesson 9 Newly-Emerging Trading StarsLesson 10 On GATT-WTOLesson 11 Barter Still in UseLesson 12 Market CompetitionLesson 13 Market AnalysisLesson 14 Commodities MarketLesson 15 Reports on Commodities Exchange in Telex第二部分章节学时分配第三部分考试命题原则及相关要求《外刊经贸知识选读》考试大纲第一部分考试大纲说明与基本要求一、课程的性质、特点及课程设置的目的和要求1.课程的性质与特点《外刊经贸知识选读》课程是高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业本科段必考课，也是高等教育自学考试英语专业本科段选考课。
外刊经贸知识选读
外刊经贸知识选读全真一英译汉1.the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.coastal cities 沿海城市4.trade sanctions 贸易制裁5.the state apparatus 国家机器ernment procurement 政府采购7.free-trade-zone 自由贸易区pensation trade 补偿贸易9.White Paper 白皮书10.consumer goods 日用消费品汉译英1.贸易谈判trade negotiation2.跨行业公司conglomerate3.不公平贸易unfair trade4.欧洲一体化European integration5.政府津贴state subsidy6.经济衰退economic recession7.招标invite tender8.撤销金融管制规定financial deregulation9.供应过剩glut of supplies10.金融危机financial crisis全真(二）英译汉1.state-run enterprises 国营企业2.trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会3.primary production 初级产品4.European Community 欧洲共同体5.austerity program 紧缩计划6.risk-weighted assets 高风险资产7.market regulation 市场调查8.equivalent value 对等价值9.supermarket 超级市场10.protectionism 保护主义汉译英1.外汇收入foreign exchange income2.供求模式the pattern of supply and demand3.活期账户current account4.时髦词语buzzword5.股票市场stock market6.补偿贸易协定compensation trade agreement7.质量证书certificate of quality8.期货futures9.仓库交货Ex-warehouse10.拍卖auction全真（三）英译汉1.b arter 易货贸易2.cooperative enterprise 合作经营企业3.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.consortium 国际财团5.hard currency 硬通货6.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策7.licenser 转让费8.market forces 市场力量9.exclusive contract 独家经销合同10.discount rate 贴现率汉译英1.非耐用商品soft commodity2.经济技术开发区ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)3.贸易顺差trade surpuls4.个人所得税personal income tax5.无偿还能力insolvency6.软饮料soft drink7.收盘价closing price8.现货市场spot market9.出口配额制export quota system10.快餐店fast food shops。
外刊经贸知识选读重点词汇与课后答案
Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易)重点词组：1、link 连接（这里为往来2、pattern 模式、结构*3、substantially 相当大的、重大的*4、in return for 作为…地交换5、manufactured goods 工业产品6、capital equipment 资本设备7、industrialization programme 工业项目8、heavy industry 重工业9、produced gains in 从… 中获利*10、economic imbalances 经济失衡11、national income 国民收入12、contract 收缩、下降13、aid 援助14、shift away form …towards 从…转移到…*15、consistent theme 一贯的主题16、strong emphasis placed on 强调、重视17、trade relating 贸易往来18、fell sharply 急剧下降（下滑）19、grown rapidly 迅速增长*20、sign in 签订21、in the wake of 在…之后22、normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化23、come into force 生效*24、most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇25、accounted for 占……*26、category 种类*27、item 项目28、US dollar value of 以美元计算的29、increased at an average rate of 平均以……比率增长 *30、per annum 每年31、visible trade surplus 有形贸易余额32、rise sharply 迅速上升、猛增*33、play a major role 起重要作用*34、undue strain 沉重负担35、a net grain exporter 粮食净出口国*36、pattern 模式*37、reverse 逆转，相反38、jump 暴涨*39、visible trade account 有形贸易收支40、in deficit 赤字、逆差*41、buoyant 趋于上升*42、attribute to 归因于……43、re-reported 再出口*44、leading 最主要的*45、decline 下降、减少*46、supplier 供应者*47、industrial country 工业化国家48、expect 期望*49、boost 推动、提高*50、recovered strongly 很大恢复*51、introducing advanced technology of 向…引进先进技术*52、sophistication 精密、尖端53、invisible account 无形贸易收支54、balance of payments 国际收支55、earnings 收益、收入*56、current account 经常项目57、in surplus 处于顺差、有盈余*58、reserves 储备、储量*59、the balance 收支平衡*余额60、specializes in 专门从事*61、balance 平衡*62、earnings and requirements 收入和需求63、run-down 减少、缩减*64、as a means of 作为65、international economic co-operation 国际经济合作66、mount 举行、进行67、trade fairs 商品展销会68、practice 惯例69、compensation trade 补偿贸易70、raw materials 原材料71、in return 作为报答72、barter 易货贸易73、counter-trade 反向贸易74、a series of 一系列75、designed to 旨在76、joint venture 合资企业77、The China International Trust Investment Corporation(CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司78、transfer 转让*79、for the time being 目前、暂时80、direct investment 直接投资81、access 接近的机会、享用权*82、the international capital markets 国际资本市场83、commercial terms 商业条件84、compile 收集、汇集85、OECD 经济合作和发展组织86、Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行87、bulk 绝大部分、主体88、in the short-term 从短期来看89、over the longer term 从长期来看90、representative offices 办事处三、课后问题：1、What’s the meaning of “the pattern of China’s foreign trade”?“The pattern of China’s foreign trade” refers c hiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of China’s foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world.2、What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语) one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the national economy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
经贸英语报刊阅读教程课件 Unit 5
• This threatens the entire founding idea of the Internet – the free sharing of information. But ACTA doesn't stop there. It goes beyond the Internet, bearing down on generic drugs and food patents. If passed, ACTA will enforce a global standard for seed patenting, which would wipe out independent, local farmers and make the world completely dependent on the patent owners (read "big corporations") for supplies.
• ACTA is a multinational treaty for the purpose of establishing international standards for intellectual property rights enforcement. The agreement aims to establish an international legal framework for targeting counterfeit goods, generic medicines and copyright infringement on the Internet, and would create a new governing body outside existing forums, such as the World Trade Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, and the United Nations.
外刊经贸知识选读全部课文翻译
Lesson 1 China in the Market Place市场经济中的中国(Excerpts)（摘录）Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links--巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。
20世纪50年代，中国向苏联和东欧国家出口农产品换取制造品和资本设备，用于侧重于重工业发展所必须的工业化项目。
1958~1959年的“大跃进”最初在工农业生产上带来收益，但随后又导致了严重的经济平衡。
三年自然灾害(1959-1961)加剧了经济问题，造成1960-1962年间的国民收入和对外贸易额的减少。
20世纪60年代，苏联经济和技术援助撤走，导致了中国与苏联及经互会成员国的贸易转向于日本和西欧国家的贸易。
中国对外贸易政策的一贯宗旨是重视与第三世界国家发展贸易关系。
“文化大革命”期间（1966-1976）工农业生产一落千丈，交通运输限制更加严重，中国对外贸易的增长再次中断。
The Sino-USA agreement on trade relations, which came into force（解释：施行）in February 1980, accords China most-favoured nation treatment.（最惠国待遇）在实现四个现代化中起着很大作用的对外贸易在近几年发展很快。
1978年2月于日本签订了一个主要贸易协定，根据这个协定，中国向日本出口每盒石油换取工业设备和技术。
1978年中国也与欧共体签订了长期贸易协定，继1979年初与美国的外交关系正常化以后，中美贸易发展迅速。
美国遵照1980年1月25日生效的中美贸易关系协定给与中国最惠国待遇。
外刊经贸知识选读习题集及答案
《外刊经贸知识选读》习题集I. INTERNA TIONAL TRADE一、翻译-中译英1. 一个国家贸易规模的相对大小经常通过该国的出口金额占其国内生产总值的比例来衡量。
2. 最重要的海运单据是提单。
它首先是发货人与船公司之间的一种合约；其次是收到货物的收据；第三是所有权单证。
3. 典型的信用证可能要求以下单证：发票、提单、海运保险单、装箱单、磅码单、检验证书及产地证。
4. 国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。
5. 海关同中央银行紧密地合作，以确保货物只能按照现行的管理条例进口或出口。
二、翻译-英译中1. The issuing bank examines the draft and documents upon receipt, to ensure that the documents conform to the letter of credit. If anything is wrong, the discrepancies are subject to acceptance by the buyer.2. Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. They confirm the ex works cost of a consignment.3. “Ex works” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named p lace not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle.4. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.5. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.6. “Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination.三、阅读-归纳Passage 1Chinese trade officials remain alarmed at the extent of the abuse of trade compensatory measures against China, although the number of anti-dumping investigations involving China has actually dropped. China remains the world’s largest vic tim of the abuse of anti-dumping measures with 27 investigations having been started into its exports in the latter half of last year, according to latest data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). The large number was partly because China’s exports grew extraordinarily quickly last year against the backdrop of gloomy world economic outlook, said Chinese trade officials. The abuse of anti-dumping measures against China has started to fall as the number was down from 29 investigations into Chinese exports in the latter of 2001, indicated WTO data. Chinese trade officials said China’s WTO membership helped deter foreign countries from discriminatory actions against China. The decrease was also a result of the hard work of the Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export under the Ministry of Commerce, they said. The bureau, set up immediately after China’s WTO entry in late 2001, has done a lot inhelping domestic companies respond to foreign anti-dumping charges and refraining from vicious price competitions in international market. Officials with the bureau had expected the number of anti-dumping cases involving China would rapidly increase this year, with regard to big growth in Chinese exports last year and reviving international trade protectionism.1. Make a brief summary on the present situation of anti-dumping measures against China.2. Make a brief summary on the reasons which cause the large number of anti-dumping measures against China.3. Make a brief summary on the reasons which lead to the decreased number of anti-dumping measures against China.4. Make a brief summary on the function of Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export in respond to risk of exportation.Passage 2In January, the United States imported more than $1.2 billion in textiles and apparel from China, up from about $701 million a year ago. Imports of major apparel products from China jumped 546 percent. Last January, for example, China shipped 941,000 cotton knit shirts, which were limited by quotas; this January, it shipped 18.2 million, a 1,836 percent increase. Imports of cotton knit trousers were up 1,332 percent from a year ago. These figures may be understated because China ships a large part of its goods through Hong Kong, and those shipments are not included. Fears that China is going to flood the world market with cheap textile exports have already inflamed tensions between Washington and Beijing because of worries about American manufacturing plants being closed and thousands of jobs being lost. Already, in January, the first month after global quotas were lifted, 12,200 jobs were lost in the United States apparel and textile industries, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some analysts have predicted that China could capture as much as 70 percent of the American market in the next two years. Before the end of quotas, about 16 percent of apparel sold in the United States came from China. Last year, the United States trade deficit with China set a record of $162 billion, making it the largest trade imbalance ever recorded by the United States with a single country. To be sure, some textile importers say this phenomenon may be a one-time surge. Companies, for instance, may have put off shipping goods at the end of last year to avoid the quotas.5. Make a brief summary on the development of textiles imports to the United States from China after the end of quota.6. Make a brief summary on the connection between the end of quota and unemployment in the United States.7. Make a brief summary on the impact of the end of quota on the economy and society of United States.Passage 3International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to alesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010 suggested that international trade was increased when a country hosted a network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country.8. Make a brief summary on the definition of international trade.9. Make a brief summary on the difference between international trade and domestic trade.10. Make a brief summary on the reason that the United States imports labor-intensive goodsfrom China.四、阅读-答问A standard, commercial letter of credit (LC) is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.The letter of credit can also be payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit pays an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases, the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies (UCP 600 being the latest version).The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros and Traveler's cheques. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a commercial invoice, bill of lading, and documents proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit.Letters of credit (LC) deal in documents, not goods. An LC can be irrevocable or revocable. An irrevocable LC cannot be changed unless both buyer and seller agree. With a revoca ble LC, changes can be made without the consent of the beneficiary.A sight LC means that payment is made immediately to the beneficiary/seller/exporter upon presentation of the correct documents in the required time frame. A time or date LC will specify when payment will be made at a future date and upon presentation of the required documents. Negotiation means the giving of value for draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate, viz the nominated bank. Mere examination of the documents and forwarding the same to the letter of credit issuing bank for reimbursement, without giving of value / agreed to give, does not constitute a negotiation.To receive payment, an exporter or shipper must present the documents required by the letter of credit. Typically, the payee presents a document proving the goods were sent instead of showing the actual goods. The Original Bill of Lading (OBL) is normally the document accepted by banks as proof that goods have been shipped. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin or place.One of the primary peculiarities of the documentary credit is that the payment obligation is abstract and independent from the underlying contract of sale or any other contract in the transaction. Thus the bank’s obligation is defined by the terms of the credit alone, and the sale contract is irre levant. The defensive of the buyer arising out of the sale contract do not concern the bank and in no way affect its liability. Article 4(a) UCP states this principle clearly. Article 5 the UCP further states that banks deal with documents only, they are not concerned with the goods (facts). Accordingly, if the documents tendered by the beneficiary, or his or her agent, appear to be in order, then in general the bank is obliged to pay without further qualifications.All the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit, negotiation of documents, reimbursements and other charges like courier are to the account of applicant or as per the terms and conditions of the Letter of credit. If the letter of credit is silent on charges, then they are to the account of the Applicant. The description of charges and who would be bearing them would be indicated in the field 71B in the Letter of Credit.1. What is the major function of letter of credit in international trade?2. What does UCP stand for?3. Which institution is the one that issued UCP 600?4. How should the exporter and the importer be called as parties of a letter of credit?5. What is the major function of issuing bank in a letter of credit business?6. What is the connection between the advising bank and the beneficiary?7. What is the major feature of an irrevocable LC?8. Under which circumstance can an irrevocable LC be amended?9. Which kind of LC does the exporter prefer to use, the revocable ones or irrevocable ones?10. As far as the time of payment is concerned, what are the two types of LC?11. Under which circumstances will the bank pay to the exporter?12. Which document is a title document?13. How to understand “the bank’s obligation is independent from sales contract”?14. Will the banks inspect the goods before making payment? Why?15. Usually, who is responsible for the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit?II. INTERNA TIONAL ECONOMIC RELA TIONS AND COOPERA TION一、翻译-中译英1. 工业化或发达国家是指那些除具有先进的农业和原料采掘技术外，还具有相当水平的制造业和服务业的国家。
经贸英语文章选读Unit 5 Branding
Part 1 The golden age of branding is gone, but we can bring it back
Preview: If we understand how it came and
went, we might be able to recreate it.如果我们了解它（品牌黄金 时代）的来去行踪，我们就可 能把它重新创造出来。
Unit 5 Branding
品牌
精品文档
CONTENTS
Teaching Aims Background Information
Part 1 Part 2 Complement:In精tr品o文档duction of Google
TEACHING AIMS
After studying this unit, you are required to: 1. Have a general idea of the branding. 2. Understand the methods to regain the
精品文档
Background Information
• “品牌”是指产品或服务的象征，它所涵 盖的领域包括商誉、产品、企业文化以及 整体营运的管理。品牌是给拥有者带来溢 价、产生增值的一种无形的资产，它的载 体是用以和其他竞争者的产品或劳务相区 分的名称、术语、象征、记号或者设计及 其组合，增值的源泉来自于消费者心智中 形成的关于其载体的印象。因此，品牌可 以看作是一个企业竞争力的总和。
品牌傲慢已经不知不觉地破坏了消费信任，但是技 术又重新建立了权力平衡，并且提供了一个能够 恢复到双赢关系的机会。
——艾伦.米歇尔
精品文档
Lead-in Questions
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现在美国公司和中国之间的不信任正在上升 美中两国在经贸合作的过程中既有亮点，也 有摩擦点，中国经济发展势头迅猛，这也为 美国农产品、工业品和服务出口提供了巨大 的市场空间，中国将日益成为美国等国家至 关重要的出口市场
Lesson 5
Q1:What attitude did the U.S. administration take towards the new GATT? Q2:Please list the divergent reactions to the Clinton administration’s trade policy. Q3:What could be the strong evidence to support the more aggressive policy?
2. retaliate 报复；回敬 报复； If we raise our import duties on their goods,they may retaliate against us. 如果我们提高他们的货物的进口税， 如果我们提高他们的货物的进口税，他们可 能要对我们进行报复。 能要对我们进行报复。 to retaliate an injustice 因受冤枉而报复 retaliation n. 报复；反击；回敬 报复；反击；
Lesson 5
1. cite vt. 引用；传讯；想起；表彰 引用；传讯；想起； Can you cite another case like this one? 你能举出另一个像这样的例子吗? 你能举出另一个像这样的例子吗 表扬，表彰： 表扬，表彰： He was cited for his outstanding service. 他的出色的服务受到表扬。 他的出色的服务受到表扬。 He was cited in divorce proceedings. 他因离婚案被传讯。 他因离婚案被传讯。
NAFTA的效应
一方面由于贸易创造效应扩大了区域内贸易， 另一方面由于贸易转移效应而对区域外向区 域内出口构成不利影响。 美加，由于大量劳动密集型企业迁移到墨西 哥，导致大批工人失业。在墨西哥，由于面 临美加巨型跨国公司的竞争，在资本与技术 密集型等高端产业内的民族资本纷纷萎缩， 同样面临美加农业集约化生产的竞争，墨西 哥农民的利益受到严重威胁
NAFTA
NAFTA是 North American Free Trade Agreement 的简 称， 由美、加、墨 三国组成，在1994年1月1 日正式生效。协议规定三个国家在15年内须排除所 有贸易障碍， 让这个人口3 亿6千万的地区成为世 界第二大的自由贸易 区(free trade area) ，谨次于 欧盟的3亿7千万人口。 自由贸易区内的国 家，货 物可以互相流通并免关税，同时亦要合力排除其它 的非关税 障碍，如配额(quota) 、外汇管制 、进口 许可证(import license)、进口保证金等等。但对贸 易区以外的国家，则可以维持关税及障碍。
4. escalate vi. 逐步增强；逐步升高 逐步增强； vt. 使逐步上升 The local war escalated into a major conflict. 局部的战争逐步升级成大规模的冲突。 局部的战争逐步升级成大规模的冲突。 The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用越来越高。 生活费用越来越高。
9. instigate唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿 to instigate somebody to do something 唆使某人做某事 It would not prove worthwhile to instigate a nuclear attack. 挑起核攻击最终是不值得的。
10. clash 1.碰撞，猛撞: He clashed against the streetlight and hurt his head. 他撞到路灯杆上，碰伤了头。 2.发生冲突；抵触： The two parties clashed in the conference. 在会议中双方意见发生冲突。
二、句子翻译：
Administration officials see little risk that this more aggressive policy could escalate into a full-fledged trade war that would shock the world“s fragile economies. Thus， the administration will not be deterred by complaints that it has moved to ”protectionism.“ 对于这种更加大胆的政策会升级为震动世界脆 弱经济的全面贸易战争，政府官员认为这种危险的 可能性很小，因此虽有人抱怨美国已趋向“贸易保 护主义”，政府不会受其阻碍。
3. impose vi. 利用；欺骗；施加影响 利用；欺骗； vt. 强加；征税；以…欺骗 强加；征税； 欺骗 He always tries to impose his opinion on others. 他总是想强迫别人接受他的意见。 他总是想强迫别人接受他的意见。 to impose upon somebody's kindness 利用某人的心地善良 The host country may impose foreign exchange control. 东道国则可能强行实施外汇管制。 东道国则可能强行实施外汇管制。
7.tactial
8. procurement n. 采购；获得，取得 采购；获得， And procurement teams are beating up consultants on price. 而采购团队会在价格上打压咨询机构。 而采购团队会在价格上打压咨询机构。 procure vt. 获得，取得；导致 获得，取得； to procure an agreement 达成协议 Can you procure some tickets for me? 你能替我弄到一些票吗? 你能替我弄到一些票吗
当前美国新贸易形势
奥巴马政府当天向国会提交的《２０１１年 总统贸易政策日程》的主要目标包括实施美 韩自由贸易协定、解决与巴拿马和哥伦比亚 的贸易协定问题、促使跨太平洋伙伴关系谈 判和世界贸易组织框架下的多哈回合谈判取 得实质进展以及讨论俄罗斯加入世界贸易组 织问题等。
总统贸易政策日程反映了政府承诺实施聚焦 就业、惠及美国企业和雇员的综合贸易政策 贸易只占美国经济总量的13％，美国人并不 是会经常想到贸易，不像在韩国、新加坡或 德国等国家，贸易占到他们经济总量的百分 之八九十。 美国目前有与韩国、哥伦比亚和巴拿马的三 份自由贸易协定待国会批准。如果协定生效， 预计可以把美国的出口市场扩大一亿人口 。 实现5年内使出口翻番的目标
clash
3.不调和，不协调；不一致； The colour of her hat clashed with the colour of her dress. 她帽子的颜色与衣服的颜色不协调。
总结： 一、术语： trade representative 贸易谈判代表 government procurement 政府采购 NAFTA （ North America Free Trade Agreements ）北美自由贸易协定 trade sanctions 贸易制裁 trade hawks 贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物
6. friction n. 摩擦，[力] 摩擦力 摩擦， 力 Changes in your home environment may cause friction. 家中环境变化可能会引发矛盾。 家中环境变化可能会引发矛盾。 We can see that friction is not always bad things. 我们可以看到摩擦并非总是坏事情。 我们可以看到摩擦并非总是坏事情。
NAFTA的影响
依据美国对外贸易统计资料显示：北美自由 贸易区自1994年成立后，至2000年，美国与 墨西哥两国进口贸易总额每年均呈显著的成 长，美国输往加拿大的成长，在四年前呈大 幅增加，自1998年开始呈递减的趋势，美国、 墨西哥之间因北美自由贸易区使得墨西哥出 口至美国受惠最大。加拿大经济也取得了较 快的发展。
美国从中至少获得了四个方面的利益： 扩大了对加、墨两国的出口； 能够进入墨西哥的能源、金融、电讯和服务 等领域； 可以充分利用墨西哥的廉价劳动力； 增强了国际竞争力。
加拿大获得的利益主要包括扩大了对美、墨 两国出口，促进了对美、墨两国投资，提高 了劳动生产率等。 而作为发展中国家的墨西哥是北美自由贸易 区的最大受益者，北美自由贸易区促进其国 内的经济增长，吸引了大量外资，并引进了 先进技术和管理经验。
5.result-oriented以结果为导向的 以结果为导向的 You are a team player with outstanding communication skills, and a resultsoriented attitude. 你是一个团队协作者， 你是一个团队协作者，拥有出色的沟通技巧 和关注结果的态度。 和关注结果的态度。 He is goal-oriented and dri果驱使。 market-oriented export-oriented