呼吸科英语常用词汇(部分含音标)
呼吸专业英语单词
(一)nose ；naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.r hinocnesmus 鼻痒11.r hinodynia 鼻痛12.r hinorrhea 鼻漏13.a llergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎（二）throat ；近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术10.l aryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.p haryngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ; pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛（三）glottis ；近义构型词glotto-1．glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5．glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学（四）trachea,windpipe 近义构型词tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.t racheoscopy 气管镜检（五）bronchus ；近义构型词broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ；近义构型词pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ；近义构型词pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指:cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap:扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音）pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质，cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test) Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验：histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours) video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。
呼吸科交班常用单词及用语(供参考)
医务名称英语单词doctor；physician 医生，cure；treat 医治， cure sb of his illness 医好某人的病give sb medical treatment 给某人医病， medical ethics ['eθɪks] 医德medical courses in general； medicine 医科principles of medical science； medical knowledge 医理medical treatment 医疗，public health services 公费医疗medical team 医疗队，medical establishment 医疗机构medicament [me'dɪkəmənt]； drug 药剂 pharmacist ['fɑːməsɪst]； druggist ['drʌɡɪst] 药剂师unskillful and faulty medical or surgical treatment；malpractice 医疗事故medical and health work 医疗卫生工作，medical station； health center 医疗站obstetrician [ɒbstə'trɪʃn] 产科医生，pediatrician [piːdiə'trɪʃn]儿科医生ENT（ear-nose-throat）doctor 耳鼻喉科医生，radiologist 放射科医生gynecologist [gaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪst]妇科医生，orthopedist [ɔːθəʊ'piːdɪst]骨科医生urologist 泌尿科医生， physician 内科医生dermatologist [dɜːmə'tɒlədʒɪst]皮肤科医生intern 实习医生，surgeon 外科医生，dentist；dental surgeon 牙科医生oculist ['ɒkjəlist]；eye-doctor 眼科医生，plastic surgeon 整形外科医生oncologist 肿瘤科医生 doctor in charge，attending doctor 主治医生the attending on call 当班的主治医师associate chief physician 副主任医师 Chief Physician主任医师resident doctor 住院医生呼吸科常用英语单词A：Bronchial [brɒŋkiəl] asthma [æsmə]支气管哮喘acidosis [æsɪ'dəʊsɪs]酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia [ə'niːmiə] 贫血 Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis [ætə'lektəsɪs]肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Atherosclerotic [æθərəʊsklə'rɒtɪk] heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist ['ægənist] B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis[æspədʒi'ləʊsɪs] 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion [pə'kʌʃn] and auscultation [ɔːskəl'teɪʃn] 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis [sti'nəʊsɪs] 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal [æd'riːnəl] glucocorticoid[gluːkəʊ'kɔːtɪkɔɪd]( 糖(肾上腺)皮质激素)肾上腺糖皮质激素Bβ2-agonist ['ægənist] β2激动剂 Biopsy 活检Bronchiectasis [brɑŋk i'ektəsɪs] 支气管扩张broncho[[b'rɒntʃəʊ] dilator 支气管扩张Fiber optic (['ɒptɪk]光学的)bronchoscopic[,brɔŋkə'skɔpik] biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis [ˌbrɒŋkɪəʊ'laɪtɪs]支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans ([əb'lɪtərənz] 闭塞性)with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy [b'rɒntʃəskəpɪ]支气管镜检查Ccavity 空洞CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic(英[ɑ:tɪəri:əʊsklɪə'rɒtɪk ])heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation( [rɪsʌsɪ'teɪʃn]恢复知觉，苏醒)心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed( [klʌbd] 棒状的)finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳 Cyanosis [saɪə'nəʊsɪs]紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症 crackling( [kræklɪŋ]轻微的爆裂声，噼啪声)rale 细捻发音crepitant ['krepətənt]捻发音的cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘DDyspnea 呼吸困难 Differential [dɪfərenʃl] diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断 dry rale 干罗音EEmphysema 肺气肿 pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equilibrium [i:kwɪ'lɪbrɪəm]酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysema [emfi'siːmə] 肺气肿Emphysematous [,emfi'semətəs]气肿的bullae( [ˌbuli:] ][医]大水疱)of lung肺大泡Expectoration [ɪkˌspektə'reɪʃn]痰；吐出物；吐痰；咳痰 Exacerbation 加重Endogenous[endɒdʒənəs]内生的 Exogenous [ek'sɒdʒənəs]外生的empyema [empaɪ'i:mə]脓胸FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化fine rale 细罗音GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin [hi:məʊ'gləʊbɪn]血红蛋白Hemoptysis [hi'mɒptəsɪs]咯血 Hemorrhage['heməridʒ] 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CTHistology [hɪ'stɒlədʒɪ]组织学 Hypoxia [haɪ'pɒksɪə]缺氧Iimmunotherapy [i'mjuːnəʊ'θerəpi]免疫治疗infantile ['infəntail] asthma 婴儿哮喘 inhaler[in'heilə(r)] 吸入器inhalation [inhə'leiʃn]吸入 Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratrachea [ɪntrætreɪ'kel] l 气管内的 Intravenous [intrəvi:nəs]静脉内的Mmoist rale 湿罗音mycoplasma [maɪkəʊ'plɑ:zmə]支原体mmHgmillimetre(s) of mercury[ˈmɜ:kjəri]毫米汞柱NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气nasal [neɪzl] flaring ['fleərɪŋ]鼻扇OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea (['æpnɪə] 无呼吸，呼吸暂停；窒息)syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征Ppulmonary abscess 肺脓疡 Pneumothorax [njuːmə'θɔːræks]气胸pressure pneumothorax 张力性气胸pyopneumothorax英 [paɪəʊnjuːməʊ'θɔːræks]脓气胸Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic [brɒnkə'dʒenɪk]carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌primary complex 原发综合征primary pulmonary tubeculosis [tʊbɜ:kjələʊsɪs]原发性肺结核purified protein d e rivative (PPD) 纯蛋白衍生物derivative [dɪrɪvətɪv]Provocation ([ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃn]挑衅，挑拨)test 激发试验Parenchymal [pə'rəŋkəməl]实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema [ɪ'di:mə]肺水肿 Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular(['lɒbjʊlə]有小裂片的，有小叶的)pneumonia 小叶性肺炎Rrespiratory distress [dI'stres]呼吸窘迫 Moist rales 湿罗音 Dry rales 干罗音Ssputum英 [spju:təm] 美 [spjutəm] smear [smɪə(r)]痰涂片SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短 Syncope ['sɪŋkəpɪ]晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段 sinusitis [saɪnə'saɪtɪs] 鼻窦炎TTuberculosis [tʊbɜ:kjələʊsɪs]结核病Tachypnea [tækip'niːə] 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy [θɔːrə'kɒskəpi] 胸腔镜检查tuberculous [tju:'bɜ:kjʊləs] pleuritis [plʊə'raɪtɪs]结核性胸膜炎tuberculous meningitis 结核性脑膜炎UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染 URI 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰 release of bronchial spasm 解痉微生物adenovirus [ədi:nəʊ'vaɪrəs]腺病毒 streptococcus [ˌstreptə'kɒkəs] pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 legionella['li:dʒənelə]军团菌mycoplasma [ˌmaɪkəʊ'plɑ:zmə]支原体chlamydia [klə'mɪdɪə]衣原体pneumocystic [,nju:məu'saistik]carinii 卡氏肺囊虫pneumonococcus [nju:mənə'kɒkəs]肺炎[双]球菌Pneumococcus n.肺炎球菌respiratory syncytial(多核体的)virus 呼吸道合胞病毒staphylococcal [stæfɪləʊ'kɒkəl] aureus ['ɔːriəs] 金葡菌tubercle [tju:bəkl] bacillus [bə'sɪləs](杆菌)结核杆菌（小块茎，小瘤，结节）常用药物及器具BCG 卡介苗 ipratropium 溴化异化托品metered dose inhaler (MDI) 定量雾化吸入器nedocromil sodium 尼多酸钠 nuberlizer 雾化器salbutamol 沙丁胺醇 sodium cromoglycate 色甘酸钠spacer 储雾气 terbutalin 叔丁喘宁xanthine 黄嘌呤 acid-fast 抗酸I级护理Grade One Nursing II级护理secondary care III级护理tertiary['tɜːʃəri] caremorning report:The totle number of the patients in our ward is 56.Three patients were discharged yesterday, two new patients were admitted,and no patient was shifted out. and 1 patient was shifted in. no surgery, childbirth and death in patients.Critically ill patients(危重病人) intensive care patients (重症病人)Bed 28,Mr***,aged 55,is a patient with COPD,suffering from a sore throat, productive cough and shortness of breath.The other patients in our ward were all stableThat is all ,thank you.。
呼吸系统英语词汇
呼吸系统Chapter 3 Respiratory Systemaditus laryngis 喉口anterior horn 前角anterior mediastinum 前纵隔apex of lung 肺尖aryepiglottic muscle 杓会厌肌arytenoid杓肌arytenoid articular surface 杓关节面arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨base of lung 肺底bifurcation of trachea 气管杈bronchi 支气管bronchial artery支气管动脉bronchial tree 支气管树bronchopulmonary segments 支气管肺段cardiac notch 心切迹carina of trachea 气管隆嵴choanae 鼻后孔conus elasticus 弹性圆锥costal pleura 肋胸膜costal surface 肋面costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝cricoarytenoid joint 环杓关节cricoid arch 环状软骨弓cricoid cartilage 环状软骨cricoid lamina 环状软骨板cricothyroid joint 环甲关节cricothyroid muscle 环甲肌cricotracheal ligament 环状软骨气管韧带cupula of pleura 胸膜顶diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜diaphragmatic surface 膈面epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨epiglottis 会厌ethmoidal bulb 筛泡ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗ethmoidal labyrinth 筛骨迷路external nose 外鼻fissure of glottis 声门裂glottis 声门hilum of lung 肺门horizontal fissure of right lung 水平裂inferior mediastinum 下纵隔infraglottic cavity 声门下腔intercartilaginous part 软骨间部intermediate cavity of larynx 喉中间腔intermenbranous part 膜间部laryngeal cavity 喉腔laryngeal muscle 喉肌laryngeal prominence 喉结laryngeal vestibule 喉前庭larynx 喉lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓侧肌left principal bronchus 左主支气管lingual of left lung 左肺小舌lobar bronchi 肺叶支气管lung 肺median cricothyroid ligament 环甲正中韧带median thyroarytenoid ligament 甲状舌骨正中韧带mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜mediastinal surface 纵隔面mediastinum 纵隔mmembranous wall 膜壁middle medialstinum 中纵隔muscular process 肌突nasal ala 鼻翼nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal cavity proper 固有鼻腔nasal concha 鼻甲nasal gland 鼻腺nasal limen 鼻阈nasal septum 鼻中隔nasa vestibule 鼻前庭nose 鼻nostril 鼻孔oblique arytenoids 杓斜肌oblique fissure 斜裂olfactory region 嗅区paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦parietal pleura 壁胸膜pericardial region 心包区phrennicomediastinal recess 膈纵隔隐窝pleura 胸膜pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recesses 胸膜隐窝plica aryepiglottica 杓状会厌襞posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 环杓后肌posterior mediastinum 后纵隔pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary ligament 肺韧带pulmonary lobule 肺小叶pulmonary segment 肺段quadrangular membrane 方形膜region of thymus 胸腺区respiratory system 呼吸系统right principal bronchus 右主支气管rima vestibule 前庭裂root of lung 肺根segmental bronchi 肺段支气管semimunar hiatus 半月裂孔sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝subcarinal angle 嵴下角superior mediastinum 上纵隔superior notch 上切迹supreme nasal concha 最上鼻甲thyroarytenoid muscle 甲杓肌thyrohyoid membrane 甲状舌骨膜thyroid articular surface 甲关节面thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨trachea 气管tracheal cartilages 气管软骨tracheal muscle 气管肌transverse arytenoids 杓横肌triticeal cartilage 麦粒软骨ventricle of larynx 喉室vestibular fold 前庭襞vestibular ligament 前庭韧带visceral pleura 脏胸膜vocal cord 声带vocal fold 声襞vocal ligament 声韧带vocal process 声带突xiphocostal angle 剑肋角vocalis 声带肌。
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇
呼吸系统疾病专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度1急性acute40991033142治疗patients39581630703慢性chronic3431843594呼吸respiratory31661963875阻塞obstructive2718120356临床patients2680548707阻塞性obstructive26723358感染infection26104283169气道airway2240557810通气ventilation220711544911哮喘asthmatic20391922812性肺pulmonary1862025013疾病disease184632313814综合征syndrome17684428815组织lung174717509416呼吸道respiratory170616338717肺组织lung1656249418细胞cells165124011419肺结核tuberculosis162024224020肺炎pneumonia161715315321肺疾病pulmonary1586425022支气管bronchial1472635023阻塞性肺疾病obstructive145003524慢性阻塞性肺疾病obstructive1442283525哮喘患者asthma1404523426支气管哮喘asthma12767023427肺损伤lung1242179428老年patients11281067029呼吸道感染respiratory11245138730纤维化fibrosis11199110931急性呼吸respiratory1087038732衰竭failure10822746933病人patients10811617034下呼吸道respiratory10101038735呼吸衰竭respiratory100451387 36机械通气ventilation98156449 37sars患者sars980088 38栓塞embolism9626652 39睡眠sleep9508782 40炎症inflammation920258346 41肺部pulmonary91120250 42肺栓塞pulmonary84152250 43健康healthy83342789 44肺动脉pulmonary81822250 45严重severe8151249469 46肺泡alveolar81233118 47合并patients79090370 48肺纤维化fibrosis76634109 49胸腔pleural7295470 50肺结核病tuberculosis6764240 51发作patients6677270 52呼吸暂停apnea6541957 53症状symptoms653447154 54睡眠呼吸暂停syndrome64611288 55（p p6390457 56结核tuberculosis637104240 57例患者patients6171070 58豚鼠guinea591116104 59外周blood5906884 60重症severe58756469 61支气管炎bronchitis5726252 62肺病pulmonary55712250 63肺结核患者tuberculosis5550240 64性睡眠sleep554082 65积液effusion5375952 66气道炎症airway5311378 67外周血blood52312684 68结核性tuberculous515912 69x线x-ray5141038 70核性tuberculous512012 71急性发作acute5061331472胸腔积液effusion4977352 73肺部感染infection49574316 74哮喘组asthma4918234 75吸入inhalation490178240 76住院patients48223470 77咳嗽cough48110338 78重度severe473170469 79抗体antibody472189147 80尘肺pneumoconiosis4692416 81洗液lavage4676252 82慢性支气管炎bronchitis4595852 83灌洗液lavage458552 84矽肺silicosis4481419 85p均p4460457 86通气治疗ventilation4450449 87呼吸窘迫respiratory44014387 88细菌bacterial440724226 89咯血hemoptysis4404935 90患者中patients430070 91疾病患者patients428470 92间质interstitial42756316 93上皮细胞cells424111114 94窘迫distress42118267 95肺癌lung41725694 96血气blood407884 97急性加重acute4075314 98病理lung40530294 99地塞米松dexamethasone403142153 100肺气肿emphysema4005874 101确诊patients39219870 102常规patients38857170 103胸部chest37881132 104肺结核病人tuberculosis3733240 105吸烟smoking3655832 106病情patients36429770 107动脉血blood3562384 108细胞因子cytokines355337452109气胸pneumothorax3493932 110衰竭患者failure3450469 111发作期acute34412314 112发病patients34436370 113痰菌sputum344056 114胸片chest34365132 115支气管肺泡bronchoalveolar340037 116巨噬细胞macrophages338240181 117抗生素antibiotics334532247 118呼吸暂停综合征apnea3312457 119病死率mortality32796554 120监测patients326138470 121结核病tuberculosis32474240 122胸膜pleural3223670 123活检biopsy31948200 124阴性negative3191971247 125肺泡灌bronchoalveolar317037 126无创noninvasive31440186 127灌洗lavage3081652 128获得性acquired30710178 1290例patients297070 130型呼吸respiratory2920387 131并发patients28814170 132急性发作期acute28412314 133氧氟沙星levofloxacin27923590 134油酸oleic278198125 135正压通气ventilation2770449 1362003年2003264510 137胸水pleural2643170 138哮喘模型asthma2634234 139综合征患者syndrome2620288 140左氧氟沙星levofloxacin2617290 141呼吸机ventilation259118449 142炎性inflammatory25920528 143加重exacerbation25529766 144呼吸系统respiratory250125387 145发热fever24924271146铜绿aeruginosa24911104 147老年人patients24625470 148哮喘发病asthma2450234 149血栓栓塞thromboembolism244924 150支气管肺泡灌bronchoalveolar243037 151粉尘dust241307210 152急性肺栓塞pulmonary2380250 153例健康healthy238089 154死亡率mortality236362554 155诱导痰sputum234056 156间质纤维化fibrosis2299109 157假单胞菌aeruginosa22854104 158过敏性allergic22737158 159中度moderate226142848 160痰菌阴转sputum225056 161胸膜炎pleurisy2251914 162内毒素lung22510294 163铜绿假单胞菌aeruginosa22375104 164肺泡巨噬细胞macrophages22314181 165重塑remodeling22310299 166发病机制pathogenesis221293442 167感染患者infection2200316 168肺血栓栓塞thromboembolism218024 169肺不张atelectasis2163132 170雾化inhalation216156240 171阴转negative21571247 172缓解期remission21442147 173哮喘发作asthma2125234 174哮喘病asthma2120234 175机械通气治疗ventilation2110449 176呼气expiratory211228 177间质性interstitial2100316 178病变patients20928970 179呼吸困难dyspnea20911492 180瘦素leptin209101300 181特发idiopathic2073123 182特发性idiopathic20622123183致敏sensitized2044134 184糖皮质激素glucocorticoid199181109 185肺炎患者pneumonia1970153 186亚群subsets19721105 187肺内lung1961294 188自发性spontaneous19633440 189哮喘气道airway195078 190恶性胸腔pleural195070 191误诊misdiagnosis192694 192肺间质interstitial19220316 193痰液sputum1921156 194血栓栓塞症thromboembolism192024 195自发性气胸pneumothorax1901132 196非典型sars1892088 197呼吸暂停低通气apnea189057 198肺通气pulmonary1885250 199大咯血hemoptysis188535 200加重期exacerbation188066 201例慢性chronic1860359 202急性加重期exacerbation184666 203雾化吸入inhalation18344240 204组肺lung183094 205药物drug179452174 206状态patients179118470 207低氧血症hypoxemia1782326 208总数total177241417 209肺血管pulmonary17410250 210哮喘急性asthma1740234 211结核性胸膜炎pleurisy1731114 212插管intubation1737261 213低通气hypopnea17304 214尿激酶urokinase1734531 215气管tracheal17116840 216表面活性物质surfactant17123430 217中性粒细胞neutrophil170136171 218非典型肺炎sars1701888 219空洞cavity169120667220工尘肺pneumoconiosis169016 221健康人healthy1691989 222哮喘豚鼠asthma1680234 223煤工尘肺pneumoconiosis167016 224脂多糖lps16739104 225原因causes166130661 226性肺炎pneumonia1660153 227慢支bronchitis162452 228急性期acute16243314 229哮喘急性发作asthma1617234 230康复patients16027970 231病原菌pathogens159238265 232轻度mild159192482 233白细胞blood15821084 234总ige ige158013 235计数count157193470 236夜间nocturnal1565565 237过敏性哮喘asthma15610234 238支气管动脉embolization1552242 239均p p1550457 240溶栓thrombolytic1558138 241清除clearance153489715 242涂片sputum1535456 243变应性allergic1530158 244老年患者patients1516070 245il-1βil-115108 246血压blood15114884 247严重程度severity150166436 248ifn-γil-414834 249血液blood14810484 250炎症反应inflammatory147101528 251血清瘦素leptin14510300 252哮喘病人asthma1440234 253辅助patients14495670 254序贯sequential14318599 255茶碱theophylline14355105 256冠状病毒sars1422388257雷伯pneumoniae141049 258术后patients14027270 259氨茶碱aminophylline1403026 260健康对照healthy139789 261弥漫diffuse13863487 262真菌fungal136434287 263呼衰failure1353469 264沙丁胺醇salbutamol1353636 265肺水肿edema13543203 266ige水平ige134013 267加替沙gatifloxacin134041 268加替沙星gatifloxacin1343241 269重症sars sars133088 270纤维支气管镜bronchoscopy1323012 271易感性susceptibility13239759 272清除率clearance13273715 273支原体mycoplasma13018882 274流行病学epidemiological130251323 275有创invasive1298289 276支气管炎患者bronchitis129052 277肺表面活性物质surfactant1290430 278杆菌bacilli1299242 279气管插管intubation12810561 280出院patients12716370 281奇霉素azithromycin1270137 282传染性非典型肺炎sars127388 283阿奇霉素azithromycin126103137 284淋巴细胞亚群lymphocyte12516155 285百分比percentage125384312 286氧分oxygen1253283 287恢复patients125127470 288氧分压oxygen12538283 289支气管肺泡灌洗lavage124052 290分泌cells124379114 291胸部x线x-ray123438 292饱和度patients12314870 293氧合oxygenation1221184294拮抗剂antagonist12298368 295氧疗oxygen12211283 296衣原体chlamydia1225056 297缓解patients122111970 298呼吸机相关性肺炎pneumonia12127153 299红霉素erythromycin121160189 300顺应性compliance121331530 301通气功能ventilation1200449 302基础疾病diseases1202726 303气道阻力airway120578 304气管内intratracheal119516 305矽肺患者silicosis119019 306呼吸频率respiratory11830387 307肺活检biopsy1170200 308布地奈德budesonide117935 309igg抗体igg116069 310介入interventional11620562 311住院患者patients1163770 312静脉blood11511984 313失衡imbalance11510349 314分枝杆菌mycobacterium1152471 315鼻炎rhinitis1147151 316嗜酸性粒细胞eosinophils1143662 317肺泡灌洗bronchoalveolar1131137 318尘肺患者pneumoconiosis113016 319动脉栓塞embolization1132042 320亚胺培南imipenem1133075 321通气时间ventilation1125449 322弥漫性diffuse11226487 323入院patients11210770 324头孢他啶ceftazidime1113472 325组胺histamine1112695 326上皮cells11043114 327基础underlying11018591075 328真菌感染fungal11025287 329sars病人sars109088 330肺脏lung1081794331sars病毒sars108088 332细菌性bacterial10712226 333或p p1060457 334良性benign106116236 335h后h1060237 336例急性acute1060314 337革兰阴性gram-negative105068 338痰培养sputum1052056 339典型atypical105561128 340生存patients10435670 341吸氧oxygen10469283 342创伤traumatic104128123 343抗结核tuberculosis10413240 344支气管动脉栓塞bronchial103050 345孢吡肟cefepime103066 346尘肺病pneumoconiosis1021316 347不典型atypical10218128 348头孢吡肟cefepime1011566 349机相关性ventilator-associated10103 350呼吸机相关性ventilator-associated10103 351院内nosocomial1012161 352细菌感染bacterial10157226 353变应原allergen1005106 354哌拉西林piperacillin1001852 355接尘dust1000210 356核细胞cells990114 357受体拮抗剂antagonist9927368 358x线胸片x-ray98738 359血氧oxygen9828283 360面罩mask9838860 361瘦素水平leptin985300 362栓塞患者embolism97052 3633年20039770 364腺苷adenosine9653215 365肺炎衣原体chlamydia96756 366重症肺炎pneumonia9515153 367头孢哌酮cefoperazone952433368道壁airway95078 369h组h950237 370肺灌洗lavage94052 371急性呼吸衰竭failure9414469 372支气管内膜endobronchial94013 373血糖blood9333884 374痰标本sputum93856 375间质性肺炎interstitial9226316 376膈肌diaphragm9127441 377动脉血氧oxygen9112283 378用力肺活量fvc91310 379sars病例sars91088 380患者气道airway91078 381气道壁airway90078 382肺炎克雷伯菌pneumoniae903449 383卵蛋白ovalbumin90396 384增厚thickening906746 385营养不良patients908770 386氨溴索ambroxol901322 387吸气inspiratory897015 388胸液effusion89052 389肺泡上皮细胞alveolar895118 390例老年elderly89055 391克雷伯菌klebsiella88864 392穿刺biopsy88118200 393例病人patients88370 394创伤性traumatic875123 395呼吸机相关ventilator-associated8603 396机相关ventilator-associated8603 397不动acinetobacter861766 398肺动脉压pulmonary864250 399支气管扩张bronchiectasis853628 400阳性细胞cells8530114 401调节regulatory851270806 402哮喘发病机制asthma850234 403不动杆菌acinetobacter841666 404肺泡炎alveolitis8455405多导睡眠polysomnography84016 406葡萄球菌staphylococcus84128148 407sars冠状病毒sars83088 408重构remodeling8326499 409分支杆菌tuberculosis8311240 410巴坦tazobactam82026 411石英quartz81231305 412肺组织病理lung80094 413肺炎支原体mycoplasma804082 414舒巴坦sulbactam802031 415感染率infection8074316 416性细胞cells794114 417介入治疗interventional7913462 418最大maximal79874136 419上呼吸道respiratory7924387 420痰涂片smear799290 421水肿edema78165203 422就诊patients7816670 423结核分枝杆菌tuberculosis7727240 424结节病sarcoidosis77980 425静脉血blood775284 426病理改变pathological7760198 427吸烟者smokers7790 428嗜酸eosinophils76962 429性胸腔pleural76070 430血清瘦素水平leptin753300 431细胞亚群subsets757105 432随机对照randomized7521106 433肺组织匀浆lung74094 434血白细胞blood74884 435嗜麦芽maltophilia74013 436x线表现x-ray74338 437革兰gram740274 438麦芽maltophilia745413 439呼吸功能respiratory7420387 440莫西沙moxifloxacin74041 441纤维化模型fibrosis740109442咯血患者hemoptysis74035 443医院感染infection7490316 444莫西沙星moxifloxacin731241 445纤支镜bronchoscopy731512 446支镜bronchoscopy73012 447菌苗vaccine728201 448白三烯leukotriene721898 449致病菌bacteria72212349 450医院内nosocomial72061 451后肺lung72094 452纵隔mediastinal715048 453高碳酸血症hypercapnia71925 454失败failure71446469 455p值p7121457 456温石棉chrysotile70310 457病因causes7034361 458上清液supernatant70623899 459支气管扩张症bronchiectasis70428 460栓塞治疗embolization69742 461嗜酸细胞eosinophils692062 462名健康healthy69089 463豚鼠气道airway69078 464重型severe6959469 465用力呼气量fev6806 466康复期patients68970 467利多卡因lidocaine685751 468卡氏pneumocystis68027 469介质mediators6859267 470肺部真菌fungal680287 471中重度moderate6710848 472病理学pathological67157198 473激动剂agonist6766403 474嗜酸粒细胞eosinophils671362 475气道高反应性asthma6712234 476膈疝hernia66434 477革兰阴性杆菌gram-negative661868 478细胞数cells6631114479通气模式ventilation650449 480结核菌tuberculosis6521240编号中文英文使用频度中文查询频度英文查询频度481喘息asthmatic652828482依从compliance6581530 483免疫治疗immunotherapy653122484功能衰竭failure658469485病毒感染infection6557316486单核细胞monocyte64167117487他唑巴坦tazobactam641626488山莨菪碱anisodamine641110489结核分支杆菌tuberculosis646240490反应性responsiveness6469160491肺炎组pneumonia630153492红细胞blood6224584493期哮喘asthma620234494纤维支气管镜检查bronchoscopy62412495变应性鼻炎allergic6214158496血清总ige ige61013497老年肺炎pneumonia610153498冠心病disease61543138499溶栓治疗thrombolytic612538500阴影shadow6182144501气道内airway61078502蛋白沉积proteinosis6042503蛋白沉积症proteinosis6002504救治patients604170505石棉asbestos60111136506细胞和cells600114507气流airflow6016649508结核抗体tuberculosis607240509危重severe6016469510疫苗vaccine60241201511栓塞术embolization59042512健康者healthy59889513穿刺活检biopsy5922200514感染者infection5943316515特异性ige ige58013 516吸入治疗inhalation580240 517辅助通气ventilation580449 518病原体pathogens58132265 519单胞菌maltophilia58513 520感染组infection585316 521为p p580457 522变应性哮喘asthma570234 523万古霉素vancomycin576475 524杯状细胞goblet571437 525头孢噻肟cefotaxime5727120 526炎症介质inflammatory5757528 527卵白蛋白ovalbumin56096 528哮喘急性发作期asthma560234 529分泌物secretion56100272 530哮喘治疗asthma560234 531综合症syndrome5654288 532性假瘤inflammatory560528 533睡眠结构sleep56082 534吸烟组smoking55032 535静脉滴注intravenous55116266 536地塞米松组dexamethasone553153 537第二second55412163 538纤维化程度fibrosis550109 539igm抗体igm54027 540尿激酶治疗urokinase54031 541肺部疾病diseases53726 542金属蛋白酶metalloproteinase-953210 543组总total530417 544弹性蛋白酶elastase53856 545心肺cardiopulmonary53542 546依从性compliance53831530 547百分率percentage5385312 548凝血酶thrombin5251146 549发病过程pathogenesis5229442 550抗菌药物antibiotics52122247 551扎鲁司特zafirlukast52013552沙美特罗salmeterol52520 553淋巴结lymph5210868 554糖皮质激素治疗glucocorticoid520109 555变异型variant510626 556气管切开tracheotomy514812 557烟雾smoke515066 558人工artificial51573310 559血栓embolism5115752 560患者痰sputum51056 561尘螨mite511195 562为sars sars51088 563嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌maltophilia50713 564革兰阳性gram-positive50446 565组织病理pathological5019198 566中度哮喘asthma500234 567睡眠呼吸sleep50082 568哮喘发作期asthma500234 569卡氏肺pneumocystis50027 570细胞内cells5083114 571发病机理pathogenesis50102442 572全血blood503084 573发作期哮喘asthma490234 574阿米卡amikacin49051 575变异性variant4942626 576功能不全patients491270 577结核杆菌tuberculosis4835240 578前胶原procollagen48322 579转染cells48153114 580咳痰expectoration484616编号中文英文使用频率中文查询度英文查询度582支气管哮喘发作asthma480234583羟脯氨酸hydroxyproline482662584特异性igg igg48069585内注入instillation47038586慢性炎症inflammation4719346587白细胞介素-8il-84707588糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid478109589混合感染infection4747316 590黏液mucus4718117 591中il il470275 592重度哮喘asthma470234 593假瘤pseudotumor4603 594ards模型ards46025 595肺循环pulmonary469250 596克雷伯杆菌klebsiella46664 597肺顺应性compliance4631530 598减低patients463670 599氟替卡松fluticasone461020 600血液中blood46584 601使用抗生素antibiotics465247 602肺移植lung46894 603误诊为misdiagnosed4660 604受体激动剂agonist4516403 605肺泡上皮alveolar450118 606重建remodeling4518499 607性感染infection450316 608血清il-8il-84507 609米卡星amikacin45051 610肺孢子虫pneumocystis45027 611抗凝anticoagulation458649 612罗红霉素roxithromycin457961 613阿米卡星amikacin453051 614卡介苗bcg455229 615肺性pulmonary450250 616胸部x x45074 617病例组patients452270 618血清ige ige44013 619母牛分枝杆菌mycobacterium44071 620分辨率hrct441167562患者年龄patients44570 1622疑似suspected447499 623军团legionella441246 624支扩bronchiectasis44028625形态lung44128194 626气雾剂aerosol4462299 627性哮喘asthma440234 628纤溶fibrinolysis442743 629肺炎性inflammatory440528 630性疾病disease443138 631肺性脑病pulmonary438250 632调节性regulatory4312806 633军团菌legionella433746 634特异性抗体antibody4319147 635尸检autopsy432885 636控制通气ventilation430449 637阻塞性肺气肿emphysema431074 638序贯疗法sequential4311599 639轻中度mild4311482 640不明unknown423541 641合胞syncytial42052 642脓胸empyema421421 643呼吸性respiratory425387 644肺匀浆lung42094 645支气管平滑肌bronchial42350 646盐酸氨溴索ambroxol421222 647p值均p420457 648lps刺激lps420104 649心衰failure4259469 650头孢呋辛cefuroxime422455 651肥厚thickening423046 652矽肺病silicosis42419 653痰结核菌sputum41056 654支气管肺lung41094 655大呼气expiratory4108656特布他林terbutaline411030 657脱氨deaminase411937 658转阴negative41131247 659地塞米松治疗dexamethasone410153 660型前胶原procollagen41022 661异丙酚propofol4179138662支气管镜bronchoscope41202 663血清il-6il-641017 664球菌cocci414445 665肺活量vc412093 666渗出性exudative41719 667标志patients4191170 668衣原体感染chlamydia41456 669血液流变学patients4010870 670炎症性inflammatory4013528 671例分别patients40070 672孢子虫carinii401010 673血红素heme4037154 674复张recruitment400539 675俯卧prone4025362 676疫情tuberculosis3996240 677血流blood394084 678复查patients3919070 679组p p390457 680氏肺孢子虫carinii39010 681类细胞因子cytokines390452 682转归outcome3985864 683白三烯受体leukotriene39098 684单克隆antibody3938147 685抗体igg igg39569 686hrct表现hrct3905 687老年性senile392048 688粒细胞cells3828114 689志愿者healthy3832089 690进行性progressive3835468 691病原学pathogens3849265 692吸入性inhalation384240 693脱氨酶deaminase38537 694动脉栓塞术embolization38042 695培养上清液supernatants383394。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语Bronｃhial ａｓthma 支气管哮喘aｃｉdｏｓｉs酸中毒Allergen，alｌｅｒgiｃreaｃtｉon 变异原,变态反应ｂlooｄgas analysis 血气分析Ａnaemia 贫血Alvｅolar肺泡得aｎtibｉotiｃ抗生素Atelectａsis 肺不张Lung ａbscｅss 肺脓肿Athroscｌerotｉc heａrｔdiseａｓｅ动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Ｂetａ２-agonｉst B2受体激动剂Allｅrgiｃbｒｏnchopulmonary asｐeｒgｉlｌosis 曲霉菌ARDS acｕｔe ｒesｐｉrａtory ｄistreｓs ｓyndｒoｍe 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussioｎand aｕｓcultatiｏn 叩／听诊Ｐｕlmｏｎary arteｒial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glｕcocｏrtｉcｏid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiｏpｓy活检Ｂrｏnchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber oｐtiｃbｒonchｏscoｐic ｂioｐsy 纤支镜活检BAL bｒonchoａlｖｅolar lａvaｇｅ支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis，brｏnchiolitｉｓ支气管炎,细支气管炎Boop：bｒoｎchioliｔｉs obliterans witｈorｇanｉｚingｐｎeuｎomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Brｏｎｃhoｓcｏｐy 支气管镜检查CＣＡHD ｃoronarｙarteriosclｅｒotiｃｈearｔdiseasｅ冠心病ＣＰR cardｉoｐｕlmonaｒy resｕsciｔation 心肺复苏CDILD cｈrｏｎic diffuse inｔeｒstitiaｌlｕng dｉｓeasｅ慢性间质性肺病COPＤchｒｏniｃobsｔruｃｔivｅpulｍoｎaｒy diｓeasｅ慢阻肺Ｃｌuｂｂedｆｉngeｒ杵状指dｒy couｇｈ干咳Cyａnosiｓ紫绀Nｏnproductiｖeｃough干咳plicaｔion 并发症DDｙsｐnea 呼吸困难Differential diaｇnoｓｉｓ鉴别诊断Disｃｈarｇe dｉａgnoｓｉs 出院诊断EEｍｐhysemａ肺气肿pulmonａry embｏliｓm 肺栓塞Aciｄbasｅeqｕolｉbｒium 酸碱平衡etｉolｏgｙ病因学Emｐhｙｓemａｔous肺大泡Exｐecｔoratｉon 吐痰Exacｅｒbａtｉon 加重Enｄogenous内生得Exogenouｓ外生得FIｎterstitial pｕlmonary fibrｏsis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ ＧrａｍstaiｎposiｔiveGm—Ｇraｍstain negatｉｖeHHｙpersｅnsiｔｉｖity pneumoniａ过敏性肺炎Hemｏｇlｏbｉn 血红蛋白Ｈemopｔｙsｉs 咯血Hｅｍorrhaｇe 出血ＨＲCＴhigｈ–reｓolution puterizeｄｔomography 高分辨CT Hｉstology 组织学Hｙpｏxia 缺氧IIdioｐａthic inｔeｒｓtitial pneumoｎｉa 特发间质性肺炎Ｉntraｔracheaｌ气管内得Intravenous 静脉内得NNｏnｉnvasｉve vｅntilａｔioｎ无创机械通气OＯSAＳobｓｔrｕcｔｉve slｅep apneａsｙnｄromｅ阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征ＰPｕｌmonary secoｎd ｓounｄ肺动脉瓣第二心音Pｎeuｍonia 肺炎Pnｅｕmothoraｘ气胸PTE ｐulmｏｎary ｔｈrｏmboembｏｌiｓm肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilatiｏn/perｆusiｏｎratio通气血流比Ｐleurａ胸腔积液Pｒｉｍａｒｙbrｏｎchogenｉc cａrcinｏma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Proｖｏｃaｔiｏn test激发试验Parｅnｃhｙmaｌ实质得（insｔeｒsｔiａl间质得）Ｐlｕｍonary edemａ肺水肿Ｌｏbaｒpneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/３Lobulａr ｐneuｍonｉa小叶性肺炎RMoist rａlｅｓ湿罗音Drｙraｌeｓ干罗音SSaO2 ｓａturationｉn ａｒｔeriａｌｂlood 动脉血氧饱与度Ｓhoｒt of breatｈ气短Syncｏpe 晕厥Saｒcoｉdosiｓ结节病Segment 段ＴTubeｒｃuloｓｉs 结核病Tａchypｎea气促Thromboｓiｓ血栓TBLBｔraｎｓbrｏncｈial lung ｂiosｙ经支气管肺活检Thoｒａcosｃopy胸腔镜检查ＵUｐper resｐirａｔｏｒy traｃt ｉnfectioｎ上呼吸道感染WWｈeｅze 哮鸣音其她faｃilitating sputum eｘpecｔｏraｔion 排痰rｅlease of bronｃｈiaｌspasm 解痉细菌ｓteptocoｃcｕs ｐneｕmoiae肺炎链球菌staphyloｃoccus 葡萄球菌ｌegｉｏnellａ军团菌mycｏplasma 支原体chlａmydia衣原体pneｕmocoｃcus 肺炎球菌vidｅo—aｓｓisted thorａcoｓcoｐｉc—guｉｄｅd[θɔ'ｒækəskəup］胸腔镜lung bioｐｓy opｅn lｕng ｂioｐｓyｐleｕrａｌbｉopsyｂiopsy of enlargｅdｌymph nodeｓD－Dimeｒselectroｃardiograｍ(EＣＧ)心电图echocardioｇraｍ超声心动图V／Ｑisｏｔope[’aｉｓəuｔəup] 同位素scan( ventilａtion/perｆusion scanning）spｉral螺旋CＴ/MRA （MagnetiｃＲesonaｎｃe Anｇiｏgraｐhy［,æｎdʒi'ɔɡrəfi］血管造影术）pulmｏｎaｒy angｉoｇraphyDｏpplｅｒ［’dɔplə］多普勒USS ｔｈigh［θai］大腿aｎd ｐeｌvis［'pelvis］骨盆(USS: ｕlｔrasounｄｓcanｎiｎg）ｃａrdｉaｃmoｎitorPSG( pｏlｙsｏmmｏgraｐhy）常见得病名ｄiseasesａcute ｕpperｒｅspirａｔｏry ｔｒaｃt inｆection 急性上呼吸道感染mon coｌｄ普通感冒infｌuｅnza流感[,infｌu’enｚə]pｈaｒyniｇitis 咽炎pｈaryngａｌgia[færin＇ｇæｌdʒiə］咽痛acｕtｅbｒonｃho-ｂｒoｎcｈiｔiｓ急性气管-支气管炎4/１４ｐneumonia肺炎ｍuｎiｔｙaｃqｕiｒed ｐｎeuｍoｎｉａ(CＡP）社区获得性肺炎hｏsｐital acquirｅd pnｅumonｉa （HＡＰ）医院获得性肺炎ｎosoｉcaｌｐｎeumonia (ＮP）医院内肺炎brｏnｃhieｃtasis 支气管扩张ｃhｏｒnic ｂrｏｎｃhitｉs慢性支气管炎ｐulmonａry ｅｍphysema 肺气肿chｒoｎic obstｒuctiｖe pulmonaｒy dｉｓeａsｅ（acｕte exaｃerbａtｉｎｇ) ＡECOPD COPD急性发作bｒｏnchiａl asthma 支气管哮喘allｅｒgic rｈinｉtis［rai＇naitis］过敏性鼻炎respiratory faｉｌure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess肺脓肿pulmonaｒｙｔｕbeｒculosis 肺结核病ｌunｇcancer：肺癌ｐrimaｒy broｎchｏgenic carcｉnoma 原发性支气管肺癌sｑｕamｏus［＇sｋwｅiməｓ］ceｌｌcａrcinoma鳞癌adenoｃarcinｏｍa 腺癌［＇ædəｎəu，kɑ：si’ｎəｕmə］bronchｏａlｖｅolar cｅｌlｃarcｉnoｍa 支气管肺泡细胞癌ｓmallｃｅlｌlunｇｃａｒｃinoma (SＣLC）小细胞肺癌pulmｏnary ｍｅtａｓｔaｓｉs 肺转移瘤［mə'tæstəsｉs］ｐｕlmonary emｂolism (ＰE）肺栓塞pulmonaｒy tｈrｏmboembｏlisｍ(PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[，θrɔmbəｕ’embəlizəm] puｌmonary infarｃtioｎ肺梗死deｅp ｖeｎous tｈrombosｉs ，DＶT 深静脉血栓形成emｐｙemａ脓胸[,empai'ｉ：mə］ｐneumothorａｘ气胸pyopneｕｍotｈoraｘ脓气胸［’paｉəu,nju:məu’θɔ:ｒæks]chrｏnic sｕppurａtive diｓｅase 慢性化脓性疾病[’sʌpjuərətiv，-reｉtｉv］ｃongenｉtaｌｃyanｏｔic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[，saiə'ｎɔtik]ｃｏr pｕlmonaｌe 肺源性心脏病［’kɔ:，pumə’næli］pulmonary hyｐｅrtension 肺动脉高压pulｍonaｒy encｅphａｌopaｔｈy 肺性脑病［en，sefə'lɔpəθi］riｇht hｅart faｉlurｅ；rigｈt—sｉdｅd heａrt faｉlｕrｅ右心衰竭ｐｕlmｏｎary ｖａｓculａｒｄｉseaｓes肺血管疾病iｎterstitiaｌlung disｅasｅ, IＬD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiｏpathic pulmonａrｙfibｒosｉs, IＰF特发性肺纤维化［,idｉə'pæθｉｋ］crｙptogenic[，ｋｒipｔəｕ＇ｄʒｅnik］隐源性得fiｂｒｏsing alvｅoｌitｉs,CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎coｎnective ｔisｓue relａteｄｌung ｄiseaseｓ结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemｉc ｌupｕs[＇lju：pəｓ］狼疮ｅryｔhｅmatｏsus，SLＥ系统性红斑狼疮derｍatomyｏsiｔｉs 皮肌炎ｓａｒｃoidｏsis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi’dəｕsｉs］Ｐulmｏnary alveｏｌarｐroteinosｉｓ[，prəｕtii＇nəuｓｉs］,PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Iｄiopatｈic pulmoｎary hemosiｄeｒosis ［'ｈi:məu，ｓidə'ｒəｕsｉs，，ｈem—］特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Laｎgerｈａns ｃell graｎｕlomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病[’ɡrænjｕ，ləumə'təｕsｉs］Eｏsinopｈilicｇｒａnuloｍa 嗜酸性肉芽肿[，i:əｓinə＇filik]Hisｔiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XＷeｇｅner granｕlｏｍatosis Weｇener肉芽肿eｘtrinsic ａllergic alｖｅolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneｕmoconｉosis 尘肺[’nju：mə,kəuｎi＇əusis］dｒuｇ—inｄuced luｎg disease 药物性肺病aｓｐｅrｇiｌlosiｓ[æ，spə:dʒi’ləusis］曲菌病:alｌｅrｇｉc bronchopuｌmｏｎary asperg ｉｌlosiｓ（ＡBPＡ）pleuraｌdｉsease胸膜疾病ｂronｃhｏ—pｌｅural fisｔｕla支气管胸膜瘘［'fistjuｌə]oral candｉｄiasiｓ口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮［，kændｉ’dａｉəsｉs］oｓtｅoporoｔic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaｕa青光眼cataract白内障ａｃute luｎg injuｒｙ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute resｐiratoｒy distｒess syndｒｏｍe ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征ｕrｔiｃaria荨麻疹ｅczeｍａ湿疹hyｐｅｒｔensioｎ高血压ｄｉabetes 糖尿病be ａdmiｎｉsｔerｅd，treａｔｓb、wiｔh emｐirｉｃａl经验性得，prophｙlａcｔic[，ｐｒɔfi'lækｔik，，prəu—］预防性, remedial[ｒi＇ｍi:ｄｉəｌ］治疗性Ｅxpectoraｎｔ祛痰药[ｅks'ｐekｔərənt］Ｍｕcolytｉcs 粘液溶解剂［，ｍju:kəu’litｉk］常用得药物drｕg ｓoｒaｇentsbroｎｃhoｄilaｔoｒ支气管扩张剂［，ｂrɔŋkəudaｉ’ｌeｉtə]B2-agonistｓ［'æɡəｎiｓｔ］兴奋剂：shoｒt－acｔing ：salｂｕtaｍol沙丁胺醇［sæl＇ｂju:təmɔ（:)ｌ］long－actinｇ: sａlmｅｔeroｌ沙美特罗mｕscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样得aｎtａgonｉsｔs［æｎ’tæɡəniｓt]对抗剂:ipratｒopi ｕm bromiｄe['bｒəumaiｄ] 异丙托溴胺aｍiｎｏｐhylliｎe 氨茶碱［ə，mi：nəu'fili:n］ｓterｏidｓ［’ｓtiərɔid]类固醇iｎhalｅｄ：budesｏnｉde 布地奈ｐo(ｐeｒ德, os）、，beclometｈａsone［，ｂｅkｌəｕ’meθəsəuｎ］倍氯米松,ｆlｕｔicａｓone氟替卡松ｓｙstemｉc:prednｉsolone［＇preｄ＇nｉsəｌəun］强得松hyｄrocｏｒｔisｏnｅ[,haidrəu＇kɔ：tiｚəun] 氢化可得松ｉv、mast cell sｔabilｉzｅrｓ：cromｏglycateｓodium色甘酸钠leｕkoｔｒｉｅｎe[，lｊu：ｋəu’traiən]白三烯reｃeｐtor aｎｔａgoｎiｓｔs：ｍontelｕｋaｓt孟鲁司特respiraｔoｒy sｔiｍｕlanｔs：lobeline6／14nikethamidｅ[ni＇ｋeθəmaid, －mｉd]尼可刹米cardｉaｃtｏnｉｃ强心剂ｄiurｅｔiｃs 利尿剂［,dａiｊuə’ｒｅｔik］ａlbumiｎ白蛋白[’æｌbjumin］ａntｉtuｓsive agｅnｔｓ镇咳药[,ænti’tʌsiv］aｍｍonium chlｏride氯化铵[ə’ｍəunjəm］铵［’klɔ:ｒaid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索(ｍucosolvaｎ沐舒坦)Paｎtｏlｏｃ潘妥洛克常用得治疗措施lｏｗｏr hiｇh flow oxygen：nasａl ｃａnnuｌae［'kænjｕli:］鼻导管，Venturｉ[veｎ'tj ｕəｒi]文里氏ｆａｃｅ-mask nebuliｚer［’ｎebｊｕlａｉｚə］喷雾器：fｉnｅr parｔicｌe ｓize （3to ２0um）ａｌlｏwｓtracheｏbronｃhial ｄｅpositionmeｔｅred doｓe ｉnhaler (ＭDI）定量雾化吸入器via iｎtｕｂatｉon[，inｔｊu：’bｅiʃən］插管,ｔrａcｈeｏｓtomy［,ｔræki'ɔstəmi，，trei-］气管造口术，tｒacheoｔomy[,ｔræki’ɔｔəmi, ，tｒei—]气管切开术）sｙnchroｎizｅd intermitｔｅｎｔmandatｏｒy vｅｎtｉlatｉon,SIMV 同步间歇指令通气preｓsurｅsuppｏｒt ventilatｉon，PＳV压力支持通气thoracｏｃeｎtｅｓis 胸腔穿刺术［，θɔ：rəkəseｎ’tesiｓ］chｅsｔdraiｎ／ｄrainａge 引流术ｃhemotherａｐy 化疗raｄiatioｎtheｒapy 放疗pnｅumoneｃtomy 肺切除术［，ｎｊｕ：məu'ｎeｋｔəmi]lobeｃtoｍy ｏf lｕng，ｐuｌmonaryｌobectomy肺叶切除术［ｌəｕ＇bekｔəmi］叶切除术thoracｏtoｍy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[，θɔ:rə＇ｋɔtəmi］plｅurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurｅctomy胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thrｏmboendarｔｅreｃtomｙ血栓动脉内膜切除术inｆerior vena cava ｆiltｅr下腔静脉过滤器cysｔic['ｓistｉk］囊性得/variｃｏｓe［'væriｋəuｓ］曲张样/ｃyclindｒｉcal柱状-trａｍ－ｔraｃｋs轨道样hｅmoptyｓisｄeｖｉatioｎ：traｃhea ａｎd apex [＇eipeks]尖端ｓhift contralaterａlly对立得旁边ＣＸR: tｒanslucｅnｃｙ[trænz’lｊu:səｎsi] 半透明＋ｃolｌapse倒塌：visible rim边缘ｒefraｃtoｒy or reｃｕｒrent周期性得：plｅurodesｉｓ胸膜固定术，pｌeuｒectｏmy［ｐlｕ’rektəmi]胸膜切除术，ｂｕllａ['bulə］大疱sｔapling装订or laｓeriｎg激光常用得化疗药９/14cisｐlatｉｎ顺铂Geｍcｉtａｂine吉西她滨：Ｇｅmｚar(盐酸吉西她滨注射剂) pａclitａxel; ｔaxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）ｄocｅｔaxel多西她赛(泰素帝) 常见得抗生素beｔa-lacｔａm antiｂiotics: ｉnｈｉbiｔｃｅll wall synｔhesｉｓpｅｎｉｃｉlliｎｓkin tｅstamoxｉcilｌｉｎ阿莫西林piperacilｌin/ｔａzobactａm sｏｄiｕm 哌拉西林/她唑巴坦钠ticarcilliｎ／cｌａvulａｎａｔe potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾ｃepｈamycin头孢菌素类ｃefradiｎｅ头孢拉啶cｅｆacloｒ头孢克洛ｃefoperａzone/sulbａctａm 头孢哌酮／舒巴坦ceｆtｒｉａxone头孢曲松cefpiraｍide 头孢吡啶cｅftazｉdｉme 头孢她定cefｔｉzoxime头孢唑污cａrbｏpeneｍs碳青霉烯类azacｔａm氨曲南meｒopｅnem美罗培南ｉmiｐｅneｍａnｄｓodiuｍciｌａｓｔａtｉn 亚胺培南/西司她丁钠（泰能tｉenａm）Gｌｙｃopeptｉdeｓ糖肽类ｉｎhibit cell walｌassembly ｖanyｃin万古霉素ｎorvanｙcｉｎ去甲万古霉素teicoplａniｎ替考拉林Macrｏｌidｅs大环内酯类: inｈiｂit pｒoｔｅin ｓynthesiｓroxithrｏmｙcin 罗红霉素ｃlａriｔｈromycin克拉霉素aｚｉthｒomyciｎ阿奇霉素erythｒomycin 红霉素Aminogｌycｏｓｉdｅantibiotics：氨基糖苷类ｒenｏ- ａnｄｏtotｏxiｃiｎhibiｔｉnitiａtion aｎd ｅlｏnｇａtion proｃess during prｏtｅin syｎthｅｓisａmikacin阿米卡星（丁胺卡那)ｇｅntamicin 庆大霉素stｒepｔoｍyｃin链霉素Ｓｕlfamiｄｏ磺胺类sｕlｆamｅthoｘazolｅpoｕｎｄ(ＳMZ、CO）Qｕinoloneｓ喹诺酮类：inhibｉtＤNA gｙrａｓｅnorfloｘaｃin 诺氟沙星ｏfｌoｘacin 氧氟沙星levｏfloｘａｃin 左氧氟沙星ｇaｔiflｏｘacin 加替沙星moxifｌoxacin 莫西沙星cｉｐroｆｌoｘacin 环丙沙星Tｅｔｒacycｌine 四环素类minｏcyｃｌiｎｅ美满霉素Nitromidａzole 硝基咪唑类ｍet ｒoniｄazole 甲硝唑tｉniｄａzole替硝唑ornidazｏｌe 奥硝唑Ａntitubeｒculａr agents抗结核药rｉfａmｐicin利福平ｒifapｅnｔｉne 利福喷丁isonｉaziｄe, isonicotinic ｈｙｄraziｄe aｃid IＮH 异烟肼pyraｚinaｍidｅ吡嗪酰胺ethaｍbuｔoｌ乙胺丁醇Antifuｎgal/anｔimｙcotｉc drug 抗真菌药nyｓｔatin 制霉菌素ａmphoterｉcin 两性霉素Ｂfluｃｏｎaｚolｅ氟康唑vorｉconazoｌe 伏立康唑itraｃｏｎazｏle 伊曲康唑Ａntivirｕs ａgeｎtｓribaviriｎ利巴韦林oseltａmivir 奥司她韦acycloｖｉｒ阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦vａｌaｃiｃｌovｉｒ伐昔洛韦foscarnet soｄiｕm，phosphonｏｆoｒｍｉcａcｉd膦甲酸钠（可耐）lａmiｖudiｎe 拉米夫定ｅnｔｅcaｖｉr 恩替卡韦常见得病原微生物ｍｉcｒoorganｉsm, mｉcrobe 微生物bacteriｕｍ细菌liｐopoｌyｓacｃhariｄe （LPS)脂多糖antiｂioｔics 抗生素ｐyｒogｅn 致热原eｘotoｘin 外毒素endotｏxin 内毒素Gｒam ｓtain 革兰染色Colonyｆoｒmｉng unit，CFU 集落形成单位aｎtiｂacterial agents 抗菌药reｓｉstance 耐药性ESBＬs：extendｅd ｓpectｒuｍB-ｌａctamaseｓ超光谱B内酰胺酶ＭRSＡ: methiｃiｌlｉn-rｅsistant ｓtａphｙlococcｕs ａｕreus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bactereｍia菌血症toxemia 毒血症1１/14ｅｎdｏｔoｘemia 内毒素血症ｓepticａｅmia 败血症pyemiａ脓毒血症pathoｇen 致病原pathｏgｅｎicitｙ致病性ｖirｕlｅnce 毒力medｉan lethal dose （ＬＤ５０）半数致死量mediａn ｉnｆectiｖeｄosｅ（ID50）半数感染量vｉruｓ病毒reｐliｃation 复制vｉremｉa 病毒血症nｏｒmal micrｏbiｏta，mｉcroflorａ,norｍａｌｆloｒa, physioloｇiｃalｍｉcrobiota 正常微生物群fｌｏra dｉseｑuｉｌｉbｒium 菌群失调ｄｙsbacteriosis 菌群失调症opｐｏrtunｉstic infeｃtｉoｎ机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染enｄogｅnous iｎfection内源性感染ｅxoｇeｎous infectｉon外源性感染aｎｔimｉcroｂiａl susceptiｂiliｔｙtｅｓｔｉng 药物敏感试验miｎimuｍinｈibitoryｃoｎcenｔraｔioｎ(MIC）最小抑菌浓度minimum bacterｉｃiｄalｃoncentration （MＢＣ）最小杀菌浓度disiｎfectｉoｎ消毒sｔerilｉzatioｎ灭菌asepｓis 无菌asepｔic teｃｈｎiquｅ无菌技术baｃteriostasis 抑菌ａntisepsis防腐disinfeｃtａnｔ消毒剂baｃｔeriostatiｃａgenｔ抑菌剂bacｔericide 杀菌剂autocｌaving or ｓｔｅａm ｕｎder pｒesｓure ｓtｅrilｉzation 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviｏｌｅt rａdiａtion,UV 紫外线isolatｉｏｎpｒecautｉon 隔离预防artｉｆicial acｔive immｕniｚatiｏn 人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种kｉllｅd/iｎactivaｔｅd vaccｉnｅ死/灭活疫苗attentｕated lｉvｅvaｃciｎe减毒活疫苗ｔoxｏid 类毒素aｒtｉficiａｌpａssive iｍmuniｔy人工被动免疫anｔitoｘin 抗毒素gaｍmａglｏbｕlin丙种球蛋白Ｓtapｈｙlocoｃｃuｓａureus金黄色葡萄球菌Coaguｌａse－ｎegative sｔaphylococｃｉ凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Ｓｔａphylococcusｅpideｒmidiｓ表皮葡萄球菌12／14Sｔrepｔｏcｏccuｓpnｅumoniae ，pｎｅumococｃuｓ肺炎链球菌Virｉdansｓtrepｔoｃocci 草绿色链球菌Eschｅｒichia ｃｏli大肠埃希菌Ｋlebsiｅlla pneumｏniａｅ肺炎克雷伯菌Pseｕdｏｍｏnas aｅｒugiｎosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophiluｓｉnｆluｅnzae流感嗜血杆菌Lｅgｉｏnella军团杆菌属Enterｏbaｃter cｌoacａe 阴沟肠杆菌Serｒａtia 沙雷菌属Proｔｅus vｕlgａris 普通变形杆菌Acineｂａcter 不动杆菌属Ｎeisseｒｉa meningｉｔis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria goｎorｒhoeae，gonocｏcｃｕｓ淋病奈瑟菌Shigｅllａ, dyseｎtｅry bacｔerium 痢疾杆菌Ｓaｌmoneｌlａｔyphｉ伤寒沙门菌Ｖiｂｒiｏcholｅrae 霍乱弧菌Helｉｃoｂａｃteｒｐylori幽门螺杆菌Ｃaｍpylｏbaｃteｒjｅjｕnｉ空肠弯曲菌Mycobａcteｒium,ａｃid-ｆaｓｔbａcilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycoｂａcteriｕｍｔuｂercｕlｏsiｓ,tuberclｅｂacillus结核分枝杆菌Pｕｒifｉed protein dｅriｖaｔｅ, ＰPＤOld tｕbｅrculin,OＴＡtypical mycobacｔeria 非结核分枝杆菌Ｍyｃobacteｒiuｍleprae 麻风分枝杆菌Ａnaeｒｏbiｃbacｔeｒial 厌氧性细菌Ｃlosｔｒidｉｕm teｔaｎi 破伤风梭菌Cｌｏｓtridum perfrinｇeｎs产气荚膜梭菌Clｏstridｕm boｔuｌｉnum 肉毒梭菌Cloｓtｒｉduｍｄｉfｆｉcilｅ艰难梭菌antiｂｉotiｃ—aｓsociatedｄiarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseuｄomemｂｒanous cｏlitis 假膜性结肠炎Coｒynebacteriｕm diphtheriaｅ白喉棒状杆菌Yｅrsｉniａ耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Acｔinoｍycｅs 放线菌属Treponeｍa ｐallidｕｍ梅毒螺旋体(苍白密螺旋体）Veｎereaｌdｉseaseｒｅferencｅｌaboｒaｔory（VDＲL)Rapｉｄplasma regaｉn （RＰR)Ｍycopｌａｓma pneuｍoniae肺炎支原体Chlａmｙｄia tracｈomatis沙眼衣原体Vｉruｓｅｓaｓsoｃｉａted wｉth ｒeｓpｉratoryｉｎfectｉoｎs呼吸道病毒Iｎｆｌuenzaｖiruｓ流感病毒Parainfｌｕｅnza virｕs 副流感病毒Respiraｔｏrｙsynｃytial vｉruｓ，RＳV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/１4Cｏｒonａｖirｕs 冠状病毒Seｖere acｕte rｅspｉｒａtory syndrｏｍｅ, SＡRSＡｄｅｎｏｖirus 腺病毒Rｕbellａviｒuｓ风疹病毒Rhinovｉrｕs鼻病毒Enｔerovｉｒｕｓ肠道病毒Rotａvirus 轮状病毒hepatｉtｉs Ｂｖirus 乙型肝炎病毒Ｅnｃephaｌitis Ｂvirｕs流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantａvｉrus 汉坦病毒Vｉral heｍoｒｒｈagic ｆｅver 病毒性出血热Ｈerｐｅs simplex virｕs，ＨSV 单纯疱疹病毒Vaｒｉｃeｌla-Ｚosｔeｒｖiｒus,VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cyｔomegalｏvirus，CMＶ巨细胞病毒Epstein—Bａrr ｖiｒｕｓ，EBＶＥB病毒Hｕman herｐeｓvｉrus ６，HHV-6人疱疹病毒６型Humａn papillomａｖiruses，ＨＰV 人乳头状瘤病毒Huｍａｎimmunodeｆiｃｉency virus,HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquｉｒeｄimmｕnodeficieｎcy syndroｍe，AIDSHuｍan Ｔ－lｙmphotropｉcｖiｒuｓ，ＨTLV人T淋巴细胞病毒Aｄult T—cell ｌｅukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Ｒａbies viｒｕs 风疹病毒Funｇuｓ真菌Ｙeast酵母Spore 孢子Hypｈa 菌丝Dermaｔｏphytes 皮肤癣菌Trｉchopｈｙｔoｎ毛癣菌属Eｐiderｍophyｔon 表皮癣菌属Tiｎｅａ癣Histopｌaｓｍa 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosｉs组织胞浆菌病Ｓaccharｏｍｙｃes albicaｎs，candiｄａaｌbｉcans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Caｎdｉdiasis 念珠菌病Crｙptocoｃcus nｅoforｍans 新生隐球菌Pneｕｍocyｓtis cａrｉnii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pnｅumocystｉｓcａrinii pneｕmｏnia,ＰCＰ卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Ａsperｇillus 曲霉菌Mｕcor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸内科常用英语(全)
询问病史12case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical[,bai?u'ɡr?fik,-k?l]data传记,marital婚姻status, nativity出生, occupation, informant提供消息的人, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s[spaus] 配偶health status, menorrhea[,men?'ri:?]月经(menarche[me'nɑ:ki:, m?-] 初潮age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual['menstru?l]月经周期pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions流产,premature[,prem?'tju?, ,pri:-] delivery早产, stillbirths死产, difficult labor, family history (any congenital先天性diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings兄弟姐妹and children)常用的症状symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum (dry, purulent['pju?rjul?nt]脓性的, copious['k?upi?s]green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'nei??s, t?-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion[iɡ'z?:??n] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[?:'θ?pni?]端坐呼吸Paroxysmal[,p?r?k'sizm?l] nocturnal[n?k't?:n?l] dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia[f?rin'g?ld?i?] ; pharyngodynia[,f?ri?'ɡ?dini?]咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [m?'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'?ld?i?] 肌痛insomnia [in's?mni?]失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'f?uni?]发声困难常见的体征physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal[,l?nd?i'tju:din?l]and transverse横向curvature ['k?:v?t??]弯曲,loss of concave [ 'k?nkeiv]凹面的nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx ['f?l??ks, 'fei-]趾骨,指骨, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis[,sai?'n?usis]发绀:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin [di:,?ksi'hem?u,ɡl?ubin]去氧血红蛋白more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral [p?'rif?r?l]外围的,次要的cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retention潴留asterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula锁骨上的r [kl?'vikjul?] and axillary [?k'sil?ri]腋窝lymph nodes increased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis [kai'f?usis]驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea [,t?kip'ni:?]呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration[,resp?'rei??n]: sternocleidomastoid['st?:n?u,klaid?'m?st?id] 胸锁乳突肌muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal[,int?'k?st?l] 肋间的spacetactile触觉的vocal声音的fremitus震颤触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音lower borders: scapular['sk?pjul?]肩胛的line X left/right intercostal[,int?'k?st?l] 肋间的spacerange of mobility[m?u'bil?ti]移动Auscultation[,?:sk?l'tei??n]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straid?] 喘鸣, crackles['kr?kl]发出细碎的爆裂声, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine好的, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexia[k?'keksi?]恶病质，cachectic[k?'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia[,?n?'reksi?]食欲减退常做的检查examinations or laboratory findings(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)temperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature)sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult['?k?lt/ blood test潜隐血试验Blood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytology[sai't?l?d?i]细胞学Pulse oximeter[?k'simit?]脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral['fem?r?l]股骨的artery puncture穿刺PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia[,haip?k'si:mi?]血氧不足respiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg(millimeters of mercury['m?:kjuri]汞)due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular[,nju?r?u'm?skjul?]神经肌肉(sedatives['s?d?tiv]镇静剂myasthenia[,mai?s'θi:ni?]肌无力), structural['str?kt??r?l]结构的(ankylosing spondylitis[,??ki'l?uzi?,sp?ndi'laitis]强直性脊柱炎), pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticular[ri'tikjul?]网状的, linear['lini?]线状的, military nodules粟粒样结节)coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric['?mf?rik]空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)opacification[?u,p?sifi'kei??n]浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):confluent['k?nflu?nt]支流的,汇合的shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影collapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusionmediastinal[,mi:di?s'tain?l]纵隔mass: thyroid ,thymoma[θai'm?um?]胸腺瘤, teratoma[,ter?'t?um?]畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma[lim'f?um?]淋巴瘤and aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography) ['p?zitr?n]正电子Abdominal ultrasound['?ltr?saund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative[di'riv?tiv]纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test : Spirometry [spai'r?mitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓extrapare nchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory[iks'pai?r?t?ri/ volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration[,ekspi'rei??n])bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,pr?v?'kei??n] 支气管激发试验：histamine['hist?mmin]组胺or methacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation[,inh?'lei??n]bronchodilatation[,dail?'tei??n]支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇[s?l'bju:t?m?(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[br??'k?sk?pi]: biopsy['bai,?psi]活组织检查bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings)bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)protected specimen brush (PStransthoracic[,tr?nsθ?'r?sik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,?sp?'rei??n]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θ?'r?k?sk?up] 胸腔镜lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['ais?ut?up] 同位素scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,?nd?i'?ɡr?fi]血管造影术)pulmonary angiographyDoppler['d?pl?] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enz?]pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[f?rin'g?ld?i?]咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweim?s] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['?d?n?u,kɑ:si'n?um?]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[m?'t?st?sis]pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θr?mb?u'emb?liz?m]pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:m?]pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['pai?u,nju:m?u'θ?:r?ks]chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['s?pju?r?tiv, -reitiv]congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,sai?'n?tik]cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['k?:,pum?'n?li]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sef?'l?p?θi]right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idi?'p?θik]cryptogenic[,kript?u'd?enik] 隐源性的fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:p?s]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:k?i'd?usis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,pr?utii'n?usis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:m?u,sid?'r?usis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡr?nju,l?um?'t?usis] Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:?sin?'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:m?,k?uni'?usis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[?,sp?:d?i'l?usis]曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjul?]oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,k?ndi'dai?sis]osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,pr?fi'l?ktik, ,pr?u-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:di?l]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pekt?r?nt]Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:k?u'litik]bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,br??k?udai'leit?]B2-agonists['?ɡ?nist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[s?l'bju:t?m?(:)l]long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,m?sk?'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[?n't?ɡ?nist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['br?umaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[?,mi:n?u'fili:n]steroids['sti?r?id]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德，beclomethasone[,bekl?u'meθ?s?un]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nis?l?un] 强的松po(per os)., hydrocortisone[,haidr?u'k?:tiz?un]氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:k?u'trai?n]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamide[ni'keθ?maid, -mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daiju?'retik]albumin 白蛋白['?lbjumin]antitussive agents 镇咳药[,?nti't?siv]ammonium chloride 氯化铵[?'m?unj?m]铵['kl?:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['k?njuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tju?ri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaiz?]喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-tight-fitting mask (non-invasive)intermittent positive-pressure ventilation ( IPPV)non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV)mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive(via intubation[,intju:'bei??n]插管，tracheostomy [,tr?ki'?st?mi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,tr?ki'?t?mi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θ?:r?k?sen't esis]chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:m?u'nekt?mi]lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[l?u'bekt?mi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θ?:r?'k?t?mi]pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['v?rik?us]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural['p?st??r?l] drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibioticssurgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine[ 'sju:pain]仰卧patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural胸膜下的bleb [bleb]大疱rupture ['r?pt??]破裂lactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy[br??'k?sk?pi]支气管镜检查,esp. biopsytypes: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency [tr?nz'lju:s?nsi]半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘between lung and chest wall＞2 cm(centimeter) =＞50% lung volume lossaspiration [,?sp?'rei??n]吸引术，intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rekt?mi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bul?] 大疱stapling装订or lasering激光pleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate[,tr?nsju'deit]漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics[,daiju?'retik]利尿剂can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L(gram/litre['li:t?]) or pleura: serum['si?r?m]血清protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia[,haip?u?l,bju:m?'ni:mi?]低蛋白血症, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .[,haip?u'θair?idiz?m]甲状腺功能低下Exudate['eksjudeit]渗出液：capillary permeability[,p?:mi?'biliti] 渗透increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia[,ni:?u'pleizi?, -?i?]瘤形成, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus[mi'nisk?s]弯液面-shaped,rises towards axilla[?k'sil?]腋温Appearance: clear ,straw淡黄色的-coloured: suggests transduateturbid['t?:bid]浑浊的, green: indicates exudates(pus[p?s]脓cells) or empyema[,empai'i:m?]积脓症(bacterial infection)bloody( haemothorax[,hi:m?u'θ?:r?ks]血胸): tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis['p?nkri?'taitis]胰腺炎, traumawhite( chylothorax[,kail?u'θ?:r?ks]乳糜胸)：lymph ,blocked thoracic[θ?:'r?sik,] duct 胸导管, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage (thoracocentesis)intrathoracic[,intr?θ?'r?sik]胸廓内的streptokinase[,strept?u'kaineis]链球菌激酶via chest drain: to lyse[lais]溶解fibrinous['faibrin?s] 纤维蛋白的adhesions[?d'hi:??n]粘合pleural adhesion: tetracycline[,tetr?'saiklain]四环素. bleomycin[,bli:?u'maisin]博莱霉素lung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent屡发的laryngeal[,l?rin'd?i:?l] 喉的nerve palsy['p?:lzi]麻痹dysphagia[dis'feid?i?,-d?i]吞咽困难pancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ['stelit, -leit] 星形的ganglion['ɡ??ɡli?n]神经节resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy[,?sti?uɑ:'θr?up?θi]骨关节病superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO): headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival e dema, [,k?nd???k'taiv?]结膜plethora['pleθ?r?], vein dilation, pericardial tamponade[,t?mp?'neid]心包填塞( JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine( ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaecomastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma),skin（dermatomyositis）immunocompromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia( PTH-rp secretion)adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes commonbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy ( etoposide + cisplatin)secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck(+colon if liver metastasis), melanoma, bone (sarcoma), thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells (O2↓,patient awakes from sleep), awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity( fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm),structural features of upper airway (nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical masses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis), smoking( exacerabates hypoxia), alcohol (acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone),neuromuscular or CNS diseasesPSG( polysommography): overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)mandibular advancement device (MAD)adenoidectomy （curative in children）uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased complia nce due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assemblyvancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesisamikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
医学英语词汇第二周：呼吸系统(详细)
呼吸系统和遗传学词汇（周六日）：周一词汇：Abdomin/oabdominal [æb'dɒmɪn(ə)l]腹部的abdominoplasty [æb'dɔminə,plæsti] 腹壁整形术abdominocystic [æb,dɒmɪnə'sɪstɪk]腹胆囊的alveo/oalveolar [æl'vɪələ; ,ælvɪ'əʊlə]肺泡的alveolitis [æl,viə'laitis]肺泡炎alveolocapillary [ælviələʊ'kæpɪlərɪ]肺泡毛细管的ambi- 二；两方ambiguous [æm'bɪɡjuəs]模棱两可的ambisexual [,æmbɪ'sekʃʊəl; ,æmbɪ'seksjʊəl]两性的ambidexterity [,æmbədɛks'tɛrəti]两手俱技巧独特Bronch/obronchus ['brɒŋkəs] 气管bronchoscope ['brɒŋkəskəʊp]支气管镜bronchiectasis [,brɒŋkɪ'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张bronchitis [brɒŋ'kaɪtɪs]支气管炎bronchial ['brɒŋkɪəl]支气管的bronchiole ['brɒŋkɪəʊl]细支气管-capnia 二氧化碳hypercapnia [,haɪpɚ'kæpnɪə]血碳酸过多症eucapnia [jʊ'kæpnɪə]血碳酸正常hypocapnia [,haipəu'kæpniə]n.(血内)碳酸过少,低碳酸血(症)cyan/o 蓝；青紫；绀cyanosis [,saɪə'nəʊsɪs]n.发绀；苍白病,黄萎病cyanopathy [sa'ɪænəpəθɪ]n.发绀,绀色cyanobacterium [,saɪənobæk'tɪriəm; saɪ,ænobæk'tɪriəm]n.藻青菌周二词汇：di- 两；二；双dioxide [daɪ'ɒksaɪd]二氧化物dicyclic [dai'saiklik]双环的dicytosis [daisi'təusis]两种细胞情况-ectasis 扩张bronchiectasis [,brɒŋkɪ'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张症atelectasis [,ætɪ'lektəsɪs]肺不张pneumonectasis [njuːmə'nektəsɪs肺气肿-ema 状况empyema [,empaɪ'iːmə]积脓emphysema ['ɛmfɪ'simə]肺气肿edema [i'dimə]水肿Epiglott/oepiglottis [,ɛpɪ'ɡlɑtɪs]会厌epiglottiditis [epɪɡlɒ'tɪdaɪtɪs]会厌炎epiglottectomy [epɪɡ'lɒtektəmɪ]会厌切除术inter-intercostal [,ɪntɚ'kɑstl]肋间的肋间肌interstitial [,ɪntɚ'stɪʃl]细胞间质的intermittent [ɪntə'mɪt(ə)nt]间歇热laryng/o 喉laryngoplasty [lə'rɪŋɡəʊ,plæstɪ]喉成形术laryngectomy [,lærɪn'dʒɛktəmi]喉切除laryngotracheobronchitis [lə,rɪŋɡəʊ'treɪkɪə,brɒntʃ'aɪtɪs]喉气管支气管炎lob/o 叶lobes [lob]脑肺肝的叶lobar ['ləʊbə]肺叶的lobectomy [ləʊb'ektəmɪ]肺叶切除术周三词汇：macro- 大的macrophage ['mækrə'fedʒ]巨噬细胞macromolecule [,mækrə'mɑlə,kjʊl]高分子大分子macrocyte ['mækro,saɪt]巨红细胞meta- changemetastatic [,mɛtə'stætɪk]转移性的metastasize [mə'tæstəsaɪz]转移metastasectomy [metətə'sektəmɪ]转移灶切除术medi- Middlemediastinum [,midɪæs'taɪnəm]纵膈mediastinoscopy [mediəs'tɪnɒskəpɪ]纵膈镜检查mediastinogram [mediəs'tɪnəɡræm]纵膈x射线照片-osmia smellanosmia [æn'ɑsmɪə]嗅觉缺失anosmatic [,ænɔz'mætik]嗅觉缺乏的hyperosmia [,haipə'rəuzmiə]嗅觉过敏-oxia 氧量hypoxia [haɪ'pɑksɪə]缺氧anoxia [æn'ɑksɪə]缺氧症hyperoxia [,haipə'rɔksiə]氧过多Ox/o 氧hypoxemia [,haɪpɑk'simɪə]血氧不足oxyacid [,ɑksɪ'æsɪd]含氧酸oxygenate ['ɑksɪdʒənet]氧化周四词汇：Pleur/o 胸膜pleural ['plʊərə]胸膜的pleura ['plʊrə]胸膜pleuritis [pluə'raitis]胸膜炎pleurodynia [,plʊrə'dɪniə]胸膜痛Pneumon/o lung；airpneumonia [nʊ'monɪə]肺炎pneumothorax [,njʊmə'θɔræks]气胸pneumoconiosis [,njʊmə,konɪ'osɪs]尘肺病Pseud/o falsepseudotumor ['(p)sjuːdəʊtjuːmə假瘤pseudopregnancy [sjuːdə(ʊ)'pregnənsɪ]假孕pseudoedema [sjuːdəʊiː'diːmə]假水肿-ptysis spittinghemoptysis [hɪ'mɑptəsɪs]咯血emptysis ['ɛmptɪsɪs]咳血melanoptysis ['melənɒptɪsɪs]咳黑痰Sin/osinus ['saɪnəs]窦sinography [sai'nɔɡrəfi]窦腔x射线照相术sinusitis [,saɪnə'saɪtɪs]窦炎paranasal sinus [pærə'neɪzəl]副鼻窦（注意：是两个单词）-stasis controlhemostasis [hɪ'mɒstəsɪs]止血hemostasia [,hi:mə'steiʒə]止血法周五词汇：Thorac/o cheatthoracoplasty ['θorəko,plæsti]胸廓成形术thoracic [θɔː'ræsɪk]胸廓的thoracentesis [θɔ:rəsen'ti:sis]胸腔穿刺术Tonsil/o 扁桃体tonsillectomy [,tɒnsɪ'lektəmɪ]扁桃体切除术tonsillitis [tɒnsɪ'laɪtɪs]扁桃腺炎tonsillar ['tɔnsilə]扁桃体的Trache/o 气管trachea ['tɔnsilə]气管tracheotomy [,trekɪ'ɑtəmi]气管切开术tracheal ['trekiəl]气管的tracheostomy [,trekɪ'ɑstəmi]气管造口术Tubercul/o small swellingtuberculosis [tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊsɪs]肺结核tuberculous [tjʊ'bɜːkjʊləs]结节状的tuberculoma [tjuː,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊmə]结核瘤周六词汇：ab- （away from；脱离）abnormality [,æbnɔr'mæləti]（不正常，畸形）abortion [,æbnɔr'mæləti]（流产）aboral [æb'orəl]（反口的，对口的）aberration ['æbə'reʃən]（畸变，神经错乱）abnormal [æb'nɔrml]（不正常的，变态的）amni/o （amnion；羊膜）amniotic [,æmnɪ'otɪk]（羊膜的）amniocyte ['æmniːəʊsaɪt（羊水细胞）amniotomy [,æmini'ɔtəmi]（羊膜穿破术）amnioma ['æmniəmə]（羊膜瘤）is/o （equal，alike；同等）isochromosome [,aisəu'krəuməsəum]（等臂染色体）isotope ['aɪsə'top]（同位素）isotonic [,aɪso'tɑnɪk]（等张的，等渗的）mut/a （change；变）mutation [mjuː'teɪʃn]（突变）mutant ['mjutənt]（突变体）mutational [mjuː'teɪʃnəl]（突变的）nat/I （birth；出生）prenatal [,pri'netl]（出生前的）natimortality [neɪtɪmɒ'tælɪtɪ]（死产率）antenatal ['æntə'netl]（出生前的）natality [ne'tæləti]（出生率）postnatal [pəʊst'neɪtl]（出生后的）周日词汇：ov/o- 或ov/I （female gamete, egg 卵）oviduct ['əʊvɪdʌkt]（输卵管）ovum ['əʊvɪdʌkt]（卵）ovary ['əʊv(ə)rɪ]（卵巢）prostat/o（prostate gland；前列腺）prostaglandin ['əʊv(ə)rɪ]（前列腺素）prostatitis [,prɒsteɪ'taɪtɪs]（前列腺炎）prostatectomy [,prɑstə'tɛktəmi]（前列腺切除术）-rrhea（discharge，flow；漏出）amniorrhea [,æmniɔ'ri:ə]（羊水溢出）diarrhea [,daɪə'riə]（腹泻）hemorrhea [hemə'riə]（大出血）menorrhea [,menə'ri:ə]（月经过多）ultra-（beyond，excess；超）ultrasonogram [,ʌltrə'sɔnəɡræm]（超声记录图）ultramicroscopy [ʌltrəmaɪ'krɒskəpɪ]（超显微术）ultrastructure ['ʌltrəstrʌktʃə]（超微结构）umbilic/o （navel；脐）umbilical ['ʌltrəstrʌktʃə]（脐的）umbilectomy [ʌmbɪ'lektəmɪ]（脐切除术）periumbilical [piəriəm'bɪlaɪkl]（脐周的）。
呼吸康复涉及医学英语
cough 干咳、Nonproductive cough 干咳、Dyspnea 呼吸困难、Emphysema 肺气肿、 pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞、Bronchiectasis ［brɑŋki'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张、Bronchitis，bronchiolitis支气管炎，细支气管炎、Emphysema肺气肿、adenovirus 腺病毒、bronchitis 支气管炎、bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎、cough 咳嗽、crackling rale dry rale 干罗音、dyspnea 呼吸困难、empyema 脓胸、fine rale 细罗音、interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎pulmonary abscess 肺脓疡、mycoplasma 支原体、URI 上呼吸道感染、moist rale 湿罗音、nasal flaring 鼻扇pneumocystic carinii 卡氏肺囊虫、pneumonococcus 肺炎球菌、pneumatocel 肺膨出、pneumothorax 气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸、pressure pneumothorax 张力性气胸、respiratory distress 呼吸窘迫respiratory syncytial virus 呼吸道合胞病毒、retraction 吸凹、staphylococcal aureus 金葡菌、sinusitis 鼻窦炎tachypnea 呼吸急促、asthma 哮喘、broncho dilator 支气管扩张、cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘、FEV1 一秒种用力呼气容积、infantile asthma 婴儿哮喘、inhaler 吸入器、inhalation 吸入、immunotherapy 、免疫治疗、metered dose inhaler （MDI) 定量雾化吸入器、nuberlizer 雾化器、PEF 最大呼气容量、salbutamol 沙丁胺醇、sodium cromoglycate 色甘酸钠、spacer 储雾气、terbutalin 叔丁喘宁、wheeze 喘息、cavity 空洞primary complex 原发综合征、primary pulmonary tubeculosis 原发性肺结核、tuberculous pleuritis 结核性胸膜炎、sputum smear 痰涂片、tubercle bacillus 结核杆菌、tuberculosis 结核、tuberculous meningitis 结核性脑膜炎、bronchiospasm 支气管痉挛、diffusion anoxia弥散性缺氧、laryngospasm 喉痉挛、open airway开放气道、lateral column插管、Pediatrics小儿科、Geriatrics 老人病专科、Pediatric Ward儿科病房、Cardio—Thoracic Surgery心胸外科、Internal Medicine 内科、Nephrology 肾脏科、Neurology 神经科、Neurosurgery神经外科、Physiatry 物理康复科、Pulmonary Medicine肺科、dry干燥、adult 成人，成年人、aging 老化，老年、airway resistance 气道阻力、alveolar duct 肺泡管、alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔,肺泡无效腔、alveoli 腺泡，肺泡、automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律、bacterial pneumonia 细菌性肺炎、肿瘤科Oncology、神经内科Neurology、急诊Emergency Dept、职业病科Occupational Medicine、烧伤中心Burn Center、呼吸治疗 Respiratory Therapy、Sterilization灭菌、消毒、medical apparatus and instruments：医疗器械、drugstore; chemist’s shop；pharmacy：药店、expectorant: 化痰药、儿科学paediatrics 、肺炎双球菌pneumococcus spp、腹泻diarrhoea 、葡萄膜uveal tract 葡萄膜炎uveitis 、葡萄球菌Staphylococcus spp。
医学英语词汇 呼吸常用的英语术语
医学英语词汇呼吸常用的英语术语医学英语词汇：呼吸常用的英语术语Ppa pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压，灌注压Palv-Pc alveolar pressure-capillary pressure 血管腔内与腔外压力差PV pressure of vein 静脉端压力医学教.育网PLA left atrial pressure 左房压FiO2 fraction of inspire O2 吸入气中氧浓度分数R respiratory exchange ratio 呼吸交换指数CVO2 oxygen content of mixed blood 混合静脉血氧含量QS pulmonary shunt 肺内分流Q volume of blood 血容量rate of blood flow 血流速率V gas volume in general(pressure，temperature，and water vapor tensionmust also be given) 总气量gas volume per unit time;rate of gas flow 单位气流量，通气速率FAO2 fraction of alveolar oxygen 肺泡分氧浓度分数T tidal gas 潮气v mixed venous blood 混合静脉血VT tidal volume 潮气容积TLC total lung capacity 肺总量VC vital capacity 肺活量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ERC expiratory reserve capacity 补呼吸量RV residual volume 残气容积FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量CL pliance of lung 肺顺应性CSt static pliance 静态顺应性Cdgn dyanamic pliance 动态顺应性Raw air way resistance 气道阻力MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气MBC maximal breathing capacity 最大通气量FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second 第1秒用力呼气量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量MMFR forced expiratory flow during middle half of the FVC 最大呼气中期流速PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 呼气峰流量D dead space ventilation 死腔通气量E minute ventilation 分钟通气量PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力Palv alveolar pressure 肺泡压。
医学英语重要词汇xing重点
医学英语重要词汇一、呼吸系统——respiratory system1、呼吸（breath）: -pneaOrtho pnea端坐呼吸，dys pnea 呼吸困难，tachypnea/bradypnea呼吸过速/过缓-pneum(o)：pneumothorax 气胸[,njuːmə(ʊ)'θɔːræks]2、鼻nose：-nas,rhin-itis鼻炎3、喉throat：laryng-itis炎，-ectomy切除术，-cele囊肿4、气管windpipe:trache-otomy切开术-al...的支气管bronchi：broch-ectasis扩张细支气管bronchiole:bronchiol- 肺泡air sac:alve-5、肺lung:pneumon-ia 肺炎，6、胸膜pleura：pleur-itis胸膜炎，pleural rub胸膜摩擦音7、胸chest:thorac- + -centesis=thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术8、痰sputum/phlegm,湿性咳嗽productive cough脓pus/purulent,咯血haemoptysis，语音共振vocal resonanceloose清稀/dry, 听诊器stethoscope，喘wheeze,哮喘asthma。
二、心循环系统——circulatory system心heart：cardio- electrocardiogram心电图心房：atri-，心室：ventricul-，瓣膜：valvul-血管vessel：vas-，angi-,动脉artery：arteri-主动脉aorta：aort-，静脉vein：wen-,phleb-毛细血管capillary：capillar-，脉搏pulse，小动脉arteriole心率heart rhythm，irregular rhythm=ar-rhythm-ia心率失常早搏premature beats ，房颤fibrillation，心悸palpitations Shortness of breath on exertion 劳力性呼吸困难Mitral valve二尖瓣，replacement置换术，episodes发作Peripheral oedema外周水肿（swelling）pitting oedema 凹陷性水肿四诊：视inspect——inspection，触palpat——palpation叩percuss——percussion，听auscultate——auscultation发绀cyanosis,杵状指clubbing，桡动脉脉搏radial pulse颈静脉压jugular venous pressure，心尖搏动apex beat，肋间隙intercostal space,锁骨中线midclavicular line，杂音murmur心包摩擦音pericardial friction rubs,粗糙rough，二尖瓣区mitral area，三尖瓣区tricuspid area，主动脉瓣区aortic area，肺动脉瓣区pulmonary area，收缩期systolic,舒张期diastolic。
呼吸内科英文单词
呼吸内科英文单词一、常见单词。
1. pulmonary.- 音标：[ˈpʌlmənəri]- 词性：形容词（adj.）- 释义：肺部的；肺的。
例如“pulmonary disease”（肺部疾病）。
2. respiration.- 音标：[ˌrespəˈreɪʃn]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：呼吸；呼吸作用。
例如“artificial respiration”（人工呼吸）。
3. bronchus.- 音标：[ˈbrɒŋkəs]- 词性：名词（n.）（复数：bronchi [ˈbrɒŋkaɪ]）- 释义：支气管。
例如“left bronchus”（左支气管）。
4. alveolus.- 音标：[ælˈvi:ələs]- 词性：名词（n.）（复数：alveoli [ælˈviːəlaɪ]）- 释义：肺泡。
例如“alveolar structure”（肺泡结构）。
5. asthma.- 音标：[ˈæsmə]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：哮喘。
例如“bronchial asthma”（支气管哮喘）。
6. pneumonia.- 音标：[njuːˈməʊniə]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：肺炎。
例如“lobar pneumonia”（大叶性肺炎）。
7. tuberculosis.- 音标：[tjuːˌbɜːkjuˈləʊsɪs]- 词性：名词（n.）（缩写：TB）- 释义：肺结核。
例如“pulmonary tuberculosis”（肺结核）。
8. inspiration.- 音标：[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：吸气；灵感。
在呼吸内科中主要指吸气，例如“inspiration and expiration”（吸气和呼气）。
9. expiration.- 音标：[ˌekspəˈreɪʃn]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：呼气；期满。
在呼吸内科中主要指呼气，例如“forced expiration”（用力呼气）。
呼吸系统英文总结
呼吸系统的英文单词总结问诊句型How long have you had cough?您咳嗽多久了?Do you have chest pain when you cough?您咳嗽的时候胸痛吗?Does your chest hurt when you breathe in and out?您呼吸的时候胸口痛吗?Do you have any sputum when you cough?您咳嗽的时候有痰吗?What’s the sputum like? What color is it?痰是怎样的? 什么颜色?It is yellow and thick，clear and thin．它是黄色黏稠痰／稀薄痰。
Do you suffer from asthma?您有哮喘病吗?I need to listen to your lungs．Would you help me?我需要听一听您的肺，请配合一下行吗?I need to take your temperature, feel your pulse and measure your bloodpressure．我需要量一下您的体温、脉搏和血压。
The results of your physical examination show that you suffer from mild pneumonia．You need to have intra-venous antibiotics．and I’ll prescribe some pain-killers for your chest pain．您的检查结果表明您有轻度肺炎。
您需要静脉点滴抗生素，我会给您开些止痛药缓解胸痛。
As your pneumonia is mild, I will also prescribe some oral tablets foryou．But if you do not feel better in three days, please come back to seeme．您患的是轻度肺炎，我会给您开些口服药。
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呼吸科英语
A：
Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素
Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊
Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄
Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素
B
Biopsy 活检
Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张
Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检
BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗
Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎
Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查
C
CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏
CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺
Clubbed finger 杵状指
dry cough 干咳
Cyanosis 紫绀
Nonproductive cough 干咳
Complication 并发症
D
Dyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难
Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断
Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断
E
Emphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿
pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞
Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡
etiology 病因学
Emphysematous 肺大泡
Expectoration 吐痰
Exacerbation 加重
Endogenous内生的
Exogenous 外生的
F
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化
G
GM+ Gram stain positive
Gm- Gram stain negative
H
Hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎
Hemoglobin 血红蛋白
Hemoptysis 咯血
Hemorrhage 出血
HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学
Hypoxia 缺氧
I
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的
Intravenous 静脉内的
N
Noninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气
O
OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征
P
Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音
Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎
Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸
PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比
Pleura 胸腔积液
Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验
Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）
Pulmonary edema肺水肿
Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎
Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎
R
Moist rales 湿罗音
Dry rales 干罗音
S
SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短
Syncope 晕厥
Sarcoidosis 结节病
Segment 段
T
Tuberculosis 结核病
Tachypnea 气促
Thrombosis 血栓
TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查
U
Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染
W
Wheeze 哮鸣音
其他
facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰
release of bronchial spasm 解痉
细菌
steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌
legionella 军团菌
mycoplasma 支原体
chlamydia 衣原体
pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。