英汉语言对比与翻译作业

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英汉语言对比与翻译

9
第二小点：‘有人就提前’
Unfortunately, the grey and blue cotton pieces reached us whereas our order was for a selection of the green and orange ones. 很遗憾，我们收到的棉制品是灰色的和蓝色的，而我们订货时选的是绿色的和桔黄色的。 A fair comparison of quality between our products and similar articles from other sources will convince you of the reasonableness of our quotation. 贵方只要把我们的产品质量与别处的同类产品质量比一比，就会知道我们的报价是合理的。
12
第五小点：抽象变火人
If understanding prevails, WTO is in a position to replace confrontation with agreement; it cannot be pull off. 如果大家能普遍接受的话，WTO就能用协议取代对抗，而这项工作不能在拖延下去了。
10
第三小点：人多挑一个
Spectacular economic results ultimately won impressive staff support for the reformer manager. A.惊人的经济成果最终赢得了职工对这位改革派经理的热情支持。 B. 到头来，职工们对这位改革派经理取得的惊人的经济成果给予了热情的支持。 C. 这位改革派经理取得了惊人的经济成果，最终赢得了职工们热情的支持。 D.这位改革派经理取得了惊人的经济成果，职工们给予了热情的支持。

英汉语言系统对比与翻译

英汉语⾔系统对⽐与翻译英汉语⾔系统对⽐与翻译⼀、被动与主动（⼀）英语多⽤被动式原因1、施事的原因。

2、句法的要求。

（1）为了使句⼦承上启下、前后连贯、便于衔接。

（2）为了使句⼦平衡。

（3）修辞的考虑。

（4）⽂体的需要。

（⼆）汉英多主动式原因1、汉语被动式的使⽤受到限制。

2、使⽤受事主语(Receptor subject)导致⼤量的“当然被动句”。

3、当不需要或不可能说出施事者的时候，汉语可以采⽤⽆主句或主语省略句来保持句⼦的主动形式。

4、当施事者难以指明时，汉语还可以采⽤通称(generic person)或泛称作主语。

5、当不便使⽤被动式时，汉语可采⽤某些转换式来表达被动意义。

（1）处置式(即“把字式”或“将字式”)（2）“为……所”式。

（3）“是……的”式。

（4）“……的是”（5）“……加以／予以”式。

⼆、物称与⼈称（Impersonal vs Personal ）（⼀）、英语常⽤⾮⼈称，主语汉语常⽤⼈称主语1、⽤抽象名词或⽆⽣命的事物名称作主语。

2⽤⾮⼈称代词“it”作主语。

代词“it”除了⽤来代替除⼈以外的⽣物或事物之外还⼴泛⽤作填补词expletive。

（⼆）英语常⽤被动式，采⽤物称表达法：汉语常⽤主动式，采⽤⼈称、泛称或隐称表达法。

三、静态与动态（Static vs. Dynamic)1、名词化倾向是英语的特征之⼀2、名词作为施事者对动词的替代3、名词构成标题式短语对形容词的替代4、名词优势引起的介词优势5、动词的弱化6、形容词副词对动词的替代7、动词连⽤是汉语的常态8、动词可以充当汉语的任何句⼦成份9、汉语句⼦中的动词可重复重叠⼀、被动与主动(Passive vs．Active) 被动语态在英语⾥是⼀种常见的语法现象。

在某些⽂体中，使⽤被动句⼏乎成了⼀种表达习惯。

Baker 指出：“被动句促成了物称倾向，物称倾向也滋长了被动句”。

（⼀）英语多⽤被动式原因1、施事的原因。

⼈们表达思想的时候，通常使⽤主动句。

英汉语对比与翻译

There isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. (Charles Dickens) 住在这监狱一样的房子里，活着没有多大意思。 My fool of a doctor told me to make my will. (John Galsworthy) 我那笨蛋医生叫我写遗嘱。
Lecture One
Comparison between English and Chinese vs. Translation
引子
There
isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. He was open now to charges of willful blindness. 人不犯我，我不犯人。我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。一匹马骑两个人。他赢得起，输不起。沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌
C-E: from personal to impersonal
一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 近来忙于其他事务，未能早些复信，深感抱歉。 I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter.
汉语动词常常重复或重叠
说是的说是，说非的说非，莫衷一是。 Some say “yes” and others say “no”; I don’t know whom to follow. 说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。 Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time.

英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2

英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2英语语言对比练习分析句子内部结构和关系，翻译时注意母语的迁移现象：1. 人到齐就开会。

2.不要人云亦云。

3. 帐单撕碎了。

4. 问题解决了。

5.你再说一个字，我马上走6. 你死了，我去当和尚。

7. 人在阵地在。

8. 人无远虑，必有近忧。

9. 病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。

10. 我来他已去。

11. 他人老心不老。

12. He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool.13. Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer.14. But his attack was always repulsed击退by a kick or blow from a stick.15. Kino hurrying towards to his house, felt a surge of exhilaration.分析观察汉语的句式并翻译：1. 他决定去拉车，/就拉车去了。

/赁了辆破车，/他先练练腿。

/第一天没拉着什么钱。

/第二天的生意不错，/可是躺了两天，/他的脚脖子肿得像两条瓠子似的，/再也抬不起来。

2. 原来这婆娘自从药死武大，/哪那里肯带孝，/每日只是浓妆艳抹，/和西门庆作一处取乐。

/听得武松叫声“武二归来了”，/慌忙去面盆里洗落了脂粉，/剥去了首饰钗环，/蓬松挽了个髻，/脱去了红裙绣袄，/旋穿上孝群孝衫，/便从楼上哽哽咽咽假哭下来。

//3. 武松沉吟了半晌，/便出门去，/径投县里来；/开了锁，/去房里换了一身素净衣服，/便叫士兵打了一条麻绦，/系在腰里；/身边藏了一把尖长柄短背厚刃薄的解腕刀，/取了些银两带在身边。

翻译时注意英汉两种语言之间修饰语的差异：姑娘北京姑娘漂亮的北京姑娘年轻漂亮的北京姑娘身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘正看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘正面带笑容看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘翻译下面句子，注意英汉两种语言形合与意合的差异：5.All was cleared up some time later when news came froma distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.6.When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.7. It has been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would close their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.8. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.9. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.10. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.11. The present onslaught猛攻/猛击of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.12.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.13.They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma耻辱/瑕疵that they had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.14. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly可怕whimsical荒谬than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, cl ose at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?15. There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.1.说是说了，没有结果。

汉英语言比较及汉译英例句

一．中西文化、语言比较：语言是思维的载体，首先来比较中西思维方式的区别1．中国人在哲学上注重心理时空，在思维上尤其突出悟性，主张天人合一、物我交融、和谐、了然；文化求全、求圆满，对称平衡。

不注重形式论证、强调整体性的、和谐的辩证法；中国人过着一种心灵的生活（拥有悠久的历史，既有成年人的智慧，又能过着孩子般的生活，所谓赤子之心）2．而西方人：思维以逻辑、分析、线性linear为特点，是直线形的，片面掘进break-through，single-minded, 崇尚个体思维、重形式论证、注重分析。

人为万物之尺度；（对比：音乐、文学、书法、绘画、医学、哲学、直觉）中国人的心态是一种恬静如沐天恩的心境The serene and blessed mood: 富于想象力的理性；语言也是心灵的语言；心灵是纤细而敏感的，就像毛笔，难于掌握，但一旦掌握，能够得心应手，创造促美妙优雅的书画。

二．语言区别：汉语：意合（Parataxis），靠句子内部逻辑关系联系结构：无主语及主语省略很多，主动语态多、连词少，不怕重复；汉语重质、质实结劲、词语内涵丰富，文句结构流洒自如，在词语和句法组织上重意合而非形合；英语: 形合(hypotaxis), 主要靠语言本身语法手段。

多用连词、介词构建句子，非人称主语多用，被动句，主语不省略；主干结构突出，主谓机制突出，名词（尤其是抽象名词）、介词突出。

所以中国的语言也是一种心灵的语言；因此：英语好比一棵大树；汉语好比一节节竹子；红楼梦：和尚；He bought six pens, which cost him 42 yuan.When he brought them home, he found they were all used.冬天来了，春天还会远吗？前途是光明的，道路是曲折的；While the prospects are bright, the road ahead has twists and turns;has zigzags; tortous这是一项宏伟的工程，所有类似的工程与之相比都黯然失色；It is a gigantic project before which all similar projects pale significantly;典型的例子就是连词：so…. that 和when….1.What was the forbidden city in Beijing like? It wasso interesting that I went several times.北京的紫禁城是个什么地方？它是如此有趣以至我去参观了好几次；When 也不是总译成当…..时候..甚至大部分时间不译成“当……时候”有时甚至出现：“当他转过身来看见我手里握着那根上面刻着亨利.史密斯的名字的旧鱼竿的时候….”这样的怪句子；2．汉语：远看山有色，近听水无声，春去花还在，人来鸟不惊；英语：When you look afar, the mountains are green and clear;But no sound of stream is heard when listening near.The flowers remain in full bloom when spring’s away,A human being’s approach the bird doesn’t fray.汉语是婴儿语言；（1）隐含条件从句的意合早知今日，何必当初；If I had known it would come to this, I would have acted differently.（2）隐含结果从句的意合；He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.他说得太快，我们不能理解他的意思；It was so cold that the river froze.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了；It couldn’t make out who he was as I only saw his back;我只见到他的背影，认不清是谁；（3）隐含转折的意合：江山易改，本性难移；It is easy to change rivers and mountains but hard to change a person’s nature.三．英汉两种语言句型具体区别及翻译中的应用：核心区别：汉语：并列型coordination, 表面上是没有主次之分的；英语：从属型subordination，一定是有主次之分的；Eg.7 将国有企业提供社会保障待遇与雇佣关系脱钩，这将有助于使国企经理在作出商业决策时不用考虑政府对社会问题的顾虑，同时还可使员工在调动工作不用担心失去社会福利待遇，这就能够提高劳动力的流动性。

英汉句式对比与翻译

of the total population of the earth, China plays in world
affairs a role that can only grow more important in the
years ahead.
-- Jimmy Carter
Trunk line: S + V + (O) Branches and sub-branches : Adverbials and attributes
• 这样的英语句子，结构显得过于松散了，变成汉式英语而非典型地道的英语句子了。
为什么会这样呢？
• 英汉句子的差异：形合与意合 • 这种差异在翻译中给译者带来一定的障碍。将一个重形合的
语篇译成重意合的语篇，最常见的错误就是将形合的特点迁移（transfer）到重意合的语言中。 • 翻译中译者面临的困难很多，但句型结构的迁移是最大的障碍。现在不少译者的译文充斥着英语的句法结构，甚至还美其名曰“忠实于原文”，这种观念实在有害。
• 英语的结构性就很明显，如：
• It is a curious fact, of which I can think of no satisfactory
explanation, that enthusiasm for country life and love of
• Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.

英汉句子比较与翻译

01
傅雷：东方人与西方人的思维方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周。
汉语学家王力：西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性；中国语法是软的，富有弹性。……所以中国语法以达意为主。英国人写文章往往化零为整，而中国人写文章却往往化整为零。
1
2
3
5
这个问题必须予以处理。
6
This matter must be dealt with.
7
无被动助词
1
看似主动，但在主谓关系上却有被动含义，这种语言现象在汉语中大量存在。
2
例句：
3
那里讲什么语言？
4
What language is spoken there?
5
这个任务必须按时完成。
6
This task must be fulfilled in time.
There is nothing wrong with this computer.
这台电脑没有什么毛病。
2 –ible, -able 结尾的形容词作定语，与every, the only或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词时，也常需后置。 The doctors have tried every way possible. 大夫们已经试过各种可能的办法了。 They had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting there in time. 为了能及时赶到那儿，他们克服了极大的困难。 It is the only wild berry edible here in this area. 它是这个地区惟一能食用的野莓。
I worked very hard on this book.

英汉语言对比及翻译作业

英汉语言对照与翻译作业1.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressedso clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does notoccur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.翻译：以为自己的思想高深，不行能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念想。

这样的作家产然不会想到，问题仍是出在自己脑子缺少精准思虑的能力。

2. He had a disconcerting habitof expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个见解，自相矛盾，变化无常。

3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of MissPinkerton ’ s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness,driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译： (当时 )这个世纪刚过了十几年。

英汉对比与翻译(全)

语义型与形态型
Please translate the following:
不要人云亦云。 Don‟t say what others have said. 这件事，你做也好，他做也罢，我看谁都做不好。 Whether you do the matter or he does it, I‟m afraid neither will do it well. 支农惠农政策不断加强。 Policies were constantly strengthened to support and benefit agriculture. 必须采取措施在石油资源耗尽之前开发新能源。 Measures must be taken to develop new energy resources before petroleum resources are used up.
Zuo Biao
英汉对比与翻译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer （语言迁移） 2. Linguistic contrast（语言对比）欢迎光临（对比与翻译） 3. Contrast and translation
Part One
Language Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation?
Two Typesnsfer • Positive Transfer (负迁移) （正迁移） Errors arise from Errors decrease by analogy. analysis. 类推会产生错误。分析能减少错误。
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。

英汉语言对比及翻译

思果说：“千万不能跟英文走。” 2
1.刘宓庆.翻译与语言哲学[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001: 78.)
2.思
果. 翻译研究[M]. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2001:23)
汉语的线性序列与英语的空间结构
关于英汉语言的比喻
英语句子的结构: “葡萄藤型”结构（grapevine structure），意为在短短的主干上派生出长长的枝蔓和丰硕的果实；
1. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳：辽宁教育出版社2005:30
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
就保留原文句法与译文体现原作精神的问题，傅雷也有精辟的论述:“假如破坏本国文字的结构与特性，就能传达异国文字的特性而获得原作的精神，那么翻译真是太容易了。不幸那种理论非但是刻船求剑，而且结果是削足就履，两败俱伤。” 1
英汉语言对比与翻译 (一)
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
Jean Delisle, representative of French Interpretative Theory of Translation, says in his Translation: An Interpretive Approach, “In other words, each community has developed habits of expression that, over time, have been integrated into the language and lent it certain characteristics.”1
1. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳：辽宁教育出版社2005:2
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
刘宓庆：“西方各语种在SLT与TLT之间的实现形式转换的可行性比汉外翻译大得多。……即既实现意义对应，又实现形式对应。这在汉语与西方语言之间的转换中是根

英汉语言对比与翻译juzilianxi

英汉语言对比与翻译---句子篇英语的形合及汉语的意合plete the English versions of the given Chinese sentences1.错误和挫折教训了我们,让我们变得更聪明,我们的事情就办的更好一些。

, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better.2.散步同游泳、汽车、跑步等一样,是一种有氧运动,能够增加皮肤和肌肉的供养,从而增进体能和耐力。

Walking—like swimming, bicycling and running—is an aerobic exercise which builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance .3.她疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热，他于是下了决心，一碰到舒适的阴凉处，就坐下来休息。

determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.4.天气太坏，我们无法动身。

prevented us from going.5.他跳起来，连忙跑到洗手间的镜子前，拿掉毛巾，细看他腮上(cheek)的伤口。

He jumped up and hastened to the mirror in the bathroom, .II.Translate the following sentences1.It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped andturned.2.No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, wouldtransform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.3.有了现代化的飞机，世界似乎小多了。

英汉语言对比与翻译练习

英汉语言对比与翻译练习英汉语言对比与翻译练习注意事项：１．英汉语言句法／句式差别；２．体会英汉互译句式转换规律；Sentences:1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in mostcases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起，拉至宽处，加上训骡，出了西脚门往东，过荣府正门，如一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前，方下了车。

3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marchingrapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointedto a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and thekind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated inthe United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds,pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag fo r transport, handing it to the boy. “carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on thephone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he wasvery hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office andno returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities iscompounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depressionat coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of theoil zone while production is taking place. This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had meltedto a hundred and sixty-odd; his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% ofthose surveyed now believe that the U.S. runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse,surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been agarden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.( T ess of the D’urberville P60)25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraord inary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers. She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows. (Tess P70)26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hairreflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all. A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes. (Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)27.林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇.她掼下书包,并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉,却倒在床上看着帐子出神.28.八一嫂正气得抱着孩子发抖，忽然见赵七爷满脸油汗，瞪着眼，准对伊冲过来，便十分害怕，不敢说完话，回身走了。

英汉语言对比与翻译

within winding red balustrades.
3.The kaleidoscope of shifting interests of the nations during the negotiation made it impossible to sort out the “winners” and “losers”.
Feature of English as a hypotactic Language
Feature of Chinese as a paratactic Language
英语造句常用各种形式手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性接应(overt cohesion)，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显义。
2.他们这群人，又想吃人，又是鬼鬼祟祟，想法子遮掩，不敢直接下手，真要令我笑死。
All these people wanting to eat human flesh and at the same time stealthily trying to keep up appearances, not daring to act promptly, really made me nearly die of laughter.
which one goes much deeper than the other.
为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认
为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。 2. 抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就可以迎刃而解。 Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved. 3.不进则退。 He who does not advance falls backward./ Move forward, or you’ll fall behind.

英汉对比翻译练习

英汉对比翻译练习
19. 吃苦在前，享受在后。 20. 聪明一世，糊涂一时。 21. 有饭大家吃。 22. 不到黄河心不死。 23. 问遍千家成行家。 24. 不打不相识。 25. 敌进我退，敌驻我扰，敌疲我打，敌退我追。
英汉对比翻译练习
19. Be the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 20. Smart as a rule, but this time a fool. 21. Let everybody share the food if there is any. 22. Until all is over, ambition never dies. 23. Learn from numerous advisers, and you will be a master. 24. Out of blows friendship grows. / No discord, no concord. 25. The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps, we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.
英汉对比翻译练习
6. When Chou En-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 7. To err is human, to forgive divine. 8. 天高云淡。 9. 请勿酒后驾车。 10. 烤羊肉 11. 两个乡干部 12. 鸡不吃了

英汉对比与翻译(全)

Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
人到齐就开会。 The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。 Don‟t say what others have said. Tense （时态）帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。 The problem was solved. Voice （语态）你再说一个字， If you should say one more 我马上走。 word, I would go at once. 你死了， If you should die, I would go and 我去当和尚。 be a monk. Mood （语气）
Examples of Negative Transfer
4. He suggested me to accept this offer . Syntactical transfer (句型迁移) The verb jianyi, the Chinese equivalent of „suggest‟, can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. Suggest的汉语对应词“建议”在汉语中可以用 “动词+宾语+补语”的结构。
(Condition 条件)
病来如山倒， Sickness comes like an avalanche, 病去如抽丝。 but goes like reeling silk.

英汉语对比与翻译

Lecture One
Comparison between English and Chinese vs. Translation
引子
There
isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. He was open now to charges of willful blindness. 人不犯我，我不犯人。我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。一匹马骑两个人。他赢得起，输不起。沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌
3.
It
was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.

There isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. (Charles Dickens) 住在这监狱一样的房子里，活着没有多大意思。 My fool of a doctor told me to make my will. (John Galsworthy) 我那笨蛋医生叫我写遗嘱。
绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，
这日子是如此清新可爱；蜜蜂无言，春花不语，海波声歇，大地音寂，这日子是如此安静，然而并非安静，因为万物各以其特有的节奏，或动、或摇、或震、或起、或伏。

英汉词语对比与翻译【打印版】

英汉词语对比与翻译【打印版】英汉词语对比与翻译--- 系统、语义及其他词类在英汉语中使用的频率有差异1.我成功了。

I was in success.2. The old man cast impatient glances at the clock. 这位老师不耐烦地看了看钟。

3.他初出茅庐，没有什么经验。

He is a green hand4. On entering the door I remembered the doll I had broken.I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together.一进门，我就想起来了被我摔碎的娃娃。

我摸索着走到壁炉跟前，捡起了碎片。

A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese --- 英汉语对比研究人到齐就开会。

The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。

Don’t say what others have said.帐单撕碎了。

The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。

The problem was solved.你再说一个字，我马上走。

If you should say one more word, I would go at once. 你死了，我去当和尚。

If you should die, I would go and be a monk.1．人在阵地在。

The position will not be given up so long as we are still living.(Condition 条件)2．人无远虑，必有近忧。

If one has no long-term considerations, he will find troubleat his doorstep.(Condition 条件)3．病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。

2. 英汉语言对比与翻译

(Condition 条件)
病来如山倒， Sickness comes like an avalanche, 病去如抽丝。 but goes like reeling silk.
(Contrast, Opposition 对照、转折)
我来他已去。 He had left when I arrived.
人到齐就开会。 The meeting will begin when all are here. 不要人云亦云。 Don’t say what others have said. Tense （时态）帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。 The problem was solved. Voice （语态）你再说一个字， If you should say one more 我马上走。 word, I would go at once. 你死了， If you should die, I would go and 我去当和尚。 be a monk. Mood （语气）
“我会揍你的。” “不，你不会。” “是的，我会的。” “不，你不会的。” “我会的。” “你不会的。” “会！” “不会！”
Chinese: moving point of sight （视点流动）
“I can lick you.” “No, you can’t.” “Yes, I can.” “No, you can’t.” “I can.” “you can’t.” “Can!” “Can’t!” 我要揍你。你敢！敢又怎么样？那你就试试吧！试试？哼，你等着瞧！等着瞧？我才不怕呢！不怕，好，那你休想逃走。谁逃了？来呀，你揍啊！
Contrast Between English and Chinese

英汉语言对比与翻译共37页

要适应孤独，没有人会帮你一辈子，所以你要奋斗一生。 22、当眼泪流尽的时候，留下的应该是坚强。 23、要改变命运，首先改变自己。
24、勇气很有理由被当作人类德性之首，因为这种德性保证了所有其余的德性。--温斯顿．丘吉尔。 25、梯子的梯阶从来不是用来搁脚的，它只是让人们的脚放上一段时间，以便让别一只脚能够再往上登。
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉。 ——库法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一次也不善于度过。— —吕凯特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处，只不过是愈来愈发觉自己的无知。 ——笛卡儿
拉
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地走到底，决不回头。 ——左