(完整word版)科技文本的翻译
科技英语课文翻译
Unit 1大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。
以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。
因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶进一步恶化。
这项历史性的研究由来自世界95个国家的政府部门以及民间组织的1,300多位科学家共同完成。
四年来，他们考察了地球上许多生物的生长环境、物种以及将他们联系起来的生态体系。
联合国环境规划署对该报告进行了编辑整理并于昨天在中国北京公布了研究结果。
在公布该报告的新闻发布会上，联合国秘书长科菲·安南指出：“只有了解环境及其运作过程，我们才能制定出必要的措施加以保护它。
”他还说，“只有珍惜所有宝贵的自然资源和人类资源，我们才有希望去建设一个可持续发展的未来。
”对社会经济的影响该报告对自然界的大部分生物多样性持悲观态度，地球上可能有10%—30%的哺乳动物，鸟类以及两栖动物濒临灭绝。
这次大规模生态调查是根据安南的《千年发展目标》展开的，该发展目标是由联合国发起的，旨在2015年之前大幅减少饥饿与极度贫困等社会经济问题。
总部位于内罗毕的联合国环境规划署执行主席克劳斯·托普弗说：“从某些方面来说，《千年生态系统评估综合报告》让我们首次认识到生态系统服务功能的经济价值，并使我们对尊重和保护地球生命维护系统有了新的见解。
”目前由于人类社会对地球环境的开发利用，食物供应不断增加，然而增长的速度仍然太慢，难以完成联合国制定的在2015年之前消除全球一半饥饿人口的目标。
科技英语原文及简单翻译
科技英语原文及简单翻译How ASIMO WorksIntroduction to How ASIMO WorksWant a robot to cook your dinner, do your homework, clean your house, or get your groceries? Robots already do a lot of the jobs that we humans don't want to do, can't do, or simply can't do as well as our robotic counterparts.Honda engineers have been busy creating the ASIMO robot for more than 20 years. In this article, we'll find out what makes ASIMO the most advanced humanoid robot to date.The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing.ASIMO's Motion: Walk Like a HumanHonda researchers began by studying the legs of insects, mammals, and the motion of a mountain climber with prosthetic legs to better understand the physiology and all of the things that take place when we walk -- particularly in the joints. For example, the fact that we shift our weight using our bodies and especially our arms inorder to balance was very important in getting ASIMO's walking mechanism right. The fact that we have toes that help with our balance was also taken intoconsideration: ASIMO actually has soft projections on its feet that play a similar role to the one our toes play when we walk. This soft material also absorbs impact on the joints, just as our soft tissues do when we walk.ASIMO has hip, knee, and foot joints. Robots have joints that researchers refer to as \degrees of freedom.\A single degree of freedom allows movement either right and left or up and down. ASIMO has 34 degrees of freedom spread over different points of its body in order to allow it to move freely. There are three degrees of freedom in ASIMO's neck, seven on each arm and six on each leg. The number of degrees offreedom necessary for ASIMO's legs was decided by measuring human joint movement while walking on flat ground, climbing stairs and running.ASIMO also has a speed sensor and a gyroscope sensor mounted on its body. They perform the tasks of:? ?sensing the position of ASIMO's body and the speed at which it is moving relaying adjustments for balance to the central computer These sensors work similarly to our inner ears in the way they maintain balance and orientation.ASIMO also has floor surface sensors in its feet and six ultrasonic sensors in its midsection. These sensors enhance ASIMO's ability to interact with its environment by detecting objects around ASIMO and comparing gathered information with maps of the area stored in ASIMO's memory.To accomplish the job our muscles and skin do in sensing muscle power, pressure and joint angles, ASIMO has both joint-angle sensors and a six-axis force sensor.Unless you know a lot about robotics, you may not fully grasp the incredible milestone it is that ASIMO walks as we do. The most significant part of ASIMO's walk is the turning capabilities. Rather than having to stop and shuffle, stop and shuffle, and stop and shuffle into a new direction, ASIMO leans and smoothly turns just like a human. ASIMO can also self-adjust its steps in case it stumbles, is pushed, or otherwise encounters something that alters normal walking.In order to accomplish this, ASIMO's engineers had to find a way to work with the inertial forces created when walking. For example, the earth's gravity creates a force, as does the speed at which you walk. Those two forces are called the \inertial force.\ground, called the \posture has to work to make it happen. This is called the \zero moment point\(ZMP). To control ASIMO's posture, engineers worked on three areas of control:? ?Floor reaction control means that the soles of the feet absorb floor unevenness while still maintaining a firm stance.Target ZMP control means that when ASIMO can't stand firmly and its body begins to fall forward, it maintains position by moving its upper body in the direction opposite the impending fall. At the same time, it speeds up its walking to quickly counterbalance the fall.?Foot-planting location control kicks in when the target ZMP control has been activated. It adjusts the length of the step to regain the right relationship between the position and speed of the body and the length of the step.ASIMO's Motion: Smooth MovesASIMO can sense falling movements and react to them quickly; but ASIMO's engineers wanted more. They wanted the robot to have a smooth gait as well as do something that other robots can't do -- turn without stopping.When we walk around corners, we shift our center of gravity into the turn. ASIMO uses a technology called \predictive movement control,\Intelligent Real-Time Flexible Walking Technology or I-Walk, to accomplish that same thing. ASIMO predicts how much it should shift its center of gravity to the inside of the turn and how long that shift should be maintained. Because this technolgy works in real time, ASIMO can do this without stopping between steps, which other robots must do.Essentially, with every step ASIMO takes, it has to determine its inertia and then predict how its weight needs to be shifted for the next step in order to walk and turn smoothly. It adjusts any of the following factors in order to maintain the right position:? ? ? ?the length of its steps its body position its speedthe direction in which it is steppingWhile reproducing a human-like walk is an amazing achievement, ASIMO can now run at speeds up to 3.7 miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour). In order to qualify as a true running robot, ASIMO must have both feet off the ground for an instant in each step. ASIMO manages to be airborne for .08 seconds with each step while running. Honda engineers encountered an entirely new set of challenges while trying to give ASIMO the ability to run. They gave ASIMO’s torso a degree of freedom to aid in bending and twisting so that the robot could adjust its posture while airborne. Without this ability, ASIMOwould lose control while airborne, possibly spinning in the air or tripping when landing.In order to make turns smoothly while running, the engineers enhanced ASIMO's ability to tilt its center of gravity inside turns to maintain balance and counteractcentrifugal force. ASIMO could even anticipate turns and begin to lean into them before starting the turn, much like you would if you were skiing or skating.ASIMO如何工作介绍如何工作。
第十二讲 科技文本的英译
第十二讲科技文本的英译科技文本：科学专著、科学论文、实验报告、工程技术说明、科技文献、科普文献等。
I. 科技文本的特点与英译原则12.1 特点：用词严谨、准确，行文规范，逻辑严密，注重客观性，一般不带个人感情色彩。
已经从ESP中形成一个分支：EST.12.2 科技文本的英译原则1）用词多样化，专业术语多，使用缩略语purely technical words:nuclear physics: proton, neutron, electron, reactor, radioactivity.semi-technical words:fastener（建筑扣件）, carrier（车床底座）, gear switch, clamp（夹钳）, spade.non-technical words:vapourate, minimize, reciprocate2）语法特点：多用一般现在时，见P170名词化现象，注意转换（汉语-动态语言，英语-静态语言）The house is under construction.(The house is being constructed.)例句：中国已经成功地发射了第一课实验通讯卫星。
这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。
它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
The successful launching of C hina’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.科技英语多使用陈述句科技英语被动语态和非人称句较多现决定将垂直测斜仪V15的钻孔作为初次试验，以测试该施工方法的可行性。
科技文体翻译
• 谢谢欣赏
•
二、工作原理 数码相机是集光学、机械、电子技术于 一体的产品。它集成了影像信息的转换、存 储和传输等部件，具有数字化存取模式，与 电脑交互处理和实时拍摄等特点。光线通过 镜头或者镜头组进入相机，通过成像元件转 化为数字信号，数字信号通过影像运算芯片 处理后储存在存储设备中。 数码相机的成像元件是CCD或者CMOS， 该成像元件的特点是光线通过时，能根据光 线的不同转化为不同的电子信号。数码相机 最早出现在美国，20多年前，美国曾利用 它通过卫星向地面传送照片，后来数码摄影 转为民用并不断拓展应用范围。
科技文体翻译
Introduction of New Digital Camera
Ⅱ The Working Principle
• Digital Camera is a optical, mechanical, electronic integrated products. It integrates image information conversion, storage and transmission components, with digital access mode, with computer processing and real-time interactive shooting and so on. Light through the lens or lens group into the camera, the imaging device into a digital signal, digital signal through the images stored in the memory chip computing device. Digital camera is the CCD imaging device or a CMOS, the imaging component is characterized by the light through, according to the different light into electronic signals. Digital cameras first appeared in the United States, more than 20 years ago, the United States had to use it to send photos via satellite to the ground, and later converted to civilian use of digital photography and constantly expanding range of applications.
英语科技文翻译
Protein Filaments Caught in the Act蛋白质细丝的行为Grant J. Jensen*C ells can be thought of as little chemical processing plants, but they also 细胞可以被看做小型化工加工工厂，但他们也能完成一些了不起的物accomplish some marvelous physical and mechanical tasks such as理和机械工作，例如把自己塑造成特有的形状，朝营养素处移动，组shaping themselves into characteristic forms, moving toward nutrients, 织复杂的内部结构，复制、分离DNA。
organizing their complex interiors, replicating and then segregating their DNA, and dividing (1). It has long been understood how in 人们很早就认识到真核细胞中的大部分工作是由它的细胞骨架细丝----一种细胞eukaryotes most of this work is done by cytoskeletal filaments –long中的细丝网状或束状的长的蛋白质聚合物来担当的。
protein polymers that are used like cables, tracks, and bea ms in the machinery of the cell. But until about a decade ago, it was a 但是直到大约十年前，细菌细胞如何完成同样的工作仍是个谜团。
mystery as to how bacterial cells did the same tasks. None of the 当时任何一种科技，包括传统的电子显微学方法，都不能令人信服地existing technologies, including "traditional" electronmicroscopy在细菌细胞中发现类似的细胞骨架细丝。
科技英语课文翻译
Unit 1大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。
以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。
因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶进一步恶化。
这项历史性的研究由来自世界95个国家的政府部门以及民间组织的1,300多位科学家共同完成。
四年来，他们考察了地球上许多生物的生长环境、物种以及将他们联系起来的生态体系。
联合国环境规划署对该报告进行了编辑整理并于昨天在中国北京公布了研究结果。
在公布该报告的新闻发布会上，联合国秘书长科菲·安南指出：“只有了解环境及其运作过程，我们才能制定出必要的措施加以保护它。
”他还说，“只有珍惜所有宝贵的自然资源和人类资源，我们才有希望去建设一个可持续发展的未来。
”对社会经济的影响该报告对自然界的大部分生物多样性持悲观态度，地球上可能有10%—30%的哺乳动物，鸟类以及两栖动物濒临灭绝。
这次大规模生态调查是根据安南的《千年发展目标》展开的，该发展目标是由联合国发起的，旨在2015年之前大幅减少饥饿与极度贫困等社会经济问题。
总部位于内罗毕的联合国环境规划署执行主席克劳斯·托普弗说：“从某些方面来说，《千年生态系统评估综合报告》让我们首次认识到生态系统服务功能的经济价值，并使我们对尊重和保护地球生命维护系统有了新的见解。
”目前由于人类社会对地球环境的开发利用，食物供应不断增加，然而增长的速度仍然太慢，难以完成联合国制定的在2015年之前消除全球一半饥饿人口的目标。
科技英语课文段落翻译
科技英语课文段落翻译1、p16第1段第四行P r o g r a m s u s u a l l y r e s i d e……，a n d s p e e d.Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by the computer’s electronic, and the program results are stored or routed to output devices ,such as video display monitors or printers. Computers are used to perform a wide variety of activities with reliability ,accuracy, and speed.程序通常贮存在计算机中，计算机的电子器件会对其进行检索和处理，程序结果会被存起来或传给输出装置，如视频显示器或打印机。
人们运用计算机进行各种各样的活动，它可靠，准确而且快捷。
2、p17第5段L a p t o p c o m p u t e r s a n d P C s....t o d i s p l a y i n f o r m a t i o n（倒数第三行）Laptop computers and PCs are typically used in businesses and at home to communicate on computer networks, for word processing ,to track finances ,and to play games. They have large amounts of internal memory to store hundreds of programs and documents. They are equipped with a keyboard; a mouse, trackball, or other pointing device; and a video display monitor or liquid crystal display(LCD)to display information.典型情况下，商务上和家庭中使用膝上电脑和个人电脑在计算机网络上进行通信，进行文字处理，跟踪金融行市以及玩游戏。
(完整word版)科技文本的翻译
（一）科技英语特点和翻译原则科技文本：科学专著、科学论文、科学报道、试验报告、技术规范、工程技术说明、科技文献以及科普读物等。
科技文本的特点：用词非常严谨，行文规范,注重客观；描述平易，一般不带感情色彩；准确，正式，逻辑严密。
1。
科技英语的词汇。
i. 普通词汇ii．半专业词汇半专业词所表达的意义根据不同的学科内容而定e.g。
：1。
pencil光学中：光纤锥，射束机械中：metal pencil 焊条2。
concentration1)Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the irons。
（浓度）2) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possible。
（富集）iii．专业词汇i.词义专一，构成呈多样化,前后词缀，如：auto—, a-, semi—,micro-等。
ii.外来词多2.科技英语中长句较多，汉译英时注意拆分科技英语重表示某些复杂概念时用的长复合句大大多于一般英语.长句特点是从句和短语多，同时兼有并列结构或省略，倒装顺序,结构显得复杂。
但其所表达的科技内容严密性、准确性和逻辑性较强。
见4。
e。
g。
3.科技英语专业术语性强,汉译英是强调术语翻译的正确性。
专业术语语义具有严谨性和单一性平时阅读与所译材料同类的英文材料给概念以约定俗成的译名e。
g。
：药品的“保存期”是“shelf life”而不是“storage period”肺活量是“vital capacity”而不是“lung capacity”科技英语重缩略语情况也比较多，需勤查相关专业词典或参考书，采用公认的缩略形式。
e.g。
：“原始地面线”（Original Ground Surface）可用“OGS"“最优含水量"（Optimal Moisture Content）可用“OMC”4.科技英语大量使用抽象名词和介词，汉译英时应当注意动态语言和静态语言的转化。
经典翻译范文之科技篇中英文对照
中国热门科技词汇科学发展观concept of scientific development全民科学文化素质scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people发展科技scientific and technological advancement科教兴国revitalize China through science and education农业技术agricultural technology[扩展]白色农业white agriculture （microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture）超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice技术下乡spreading the application of science and technology in rural areas节水农业water-saving agriculture立体农业3-D agriculture农产品加工及转化the processing and commercialization of agro-products农业科技agro-science农作物良种seeds of high-quality crop农作物新品种选育the selection and breeding of new crops生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture无土栽培soil -less cultivationBP机，传呼beeper, pager背投屏幕rear projection screen不明飞行物unidentified flying object （UFO）operating system 操作系统产品科技含量technological element of a product创新innovation电话会议teleconference电话留言机answering machine对讲机talkie and walkie多媒体multimedia二期the second phase防抱死系统ABS （anti-lock braking system）孵化器incubator高产优质high yield and high quality高技术产业化apply high technology to production高科技板块high-tech sector高科技园high-tech park个人数字助理PDA （personal digital assistant）工业园区industrial park国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家重点实验室national key laboratories火炬计划Torch Program （a plan to develop new and high technology）计算机中央处理器central processing unit（CPU）技术产权technology property right技术交底confide a technological secret to someone.technology-intensive product 技术密集产品交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces科技含量technology content科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system科技与经济脱节science and technology are out of line from the economy科教兴国rejuvenate the country through science and education可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development纳米nanometer三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River物种起源origin of species新兴学科new branch of science研究成果research results在孵企业incubated enterprises自动取款机automatic teller machine （ATM）自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciencesIT 信息技术[扩展]信息港info port信息高地information highland信息高速公路information superhighway信息革命information revolution信息含量information content信息化informationization信息技术处理ITA - Information Technology Agreement信息检索information retri办公自动化OA （Office Automation）笔记本电脑laptop / notebook / portable computer电脑病毒computer virus电脑犯罪computer crime电子管理e-management电子货币e-currency电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子商务认证e-business certification电子邮件E-mail非对称数字用户环路ADSL （Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop）高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks公告板BBS （bulletin board system）光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine广域网WAN （wide area net word）汉字处理软件Chinese character processing softwarehacker 黑客计算机2000年问题Y2K problem计算机辅助教育CAI -computer assisted instruction计算机辅助设计CAD-computer assisted design计算机合成制造CAM-computer assisted manufacturing计算机中央处理器CPU - central processing unit超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol （HTTP）界面interface金融电子化computerized financial services局域网LAN - local area network互联网服务提供商ISP （Internet Service Provider）全球移动通信系统（全球通）global system for mobile communications （GSM）刻录机CD burner宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks内联网、局域网（计算机）Intranet垃圾邮件junk mail千年问题、千年虫millennium bug; Y2K bug人工智能AI - artificial intelligence人机交互human - computer interaction人机交互human-computer interaction虚拟人visual humanvirtual net 虚拟网虚拟网virtual net虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟银行virtual bank因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider万维网World Wide Web（WWW）应用软件internet applications域名domain在线on line掌上电脑palm computer政府上网工程Government Online Project只读存储器read-only-memory （ROM）智能感知技术perceptive technology智能终端intelligent terminal中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system 数码科技digital technology高保真Hi-Fi （High Fidelity）高清晰度电视high definition TV （HDTV）光谷optical valley光通讯optical communication蓝光光盘Blue -ray Disc数码港cyber portdigital globe 数字地球数字蜂窝移动通信digital cellular mobile telecommunications三维电影three-dimensional movie三维动画three-dimensional animation[详析] “蓝光光盘”利用蓝色的激光束来刻录数据。
科技文翻译
科技英语：1.This simple fact shows that the more of the force of friction is got rid of, thefarther will the ball travel, and we are led to infer that, if all the impeding forces of gravitation and resistance could be removed, there is no reason why the ball, once in motion, should ever stop.这一简单的事实表明，摩擦力消除的越多，球滚的就越远。
由此我们可以推断，如果所有的重力阻力和摩擦阻力都消失的话，那么运动中的球为什么要停止运动就没有理由了。
2.Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere innature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other element s, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has strong affinity.直到19世纪人们才发现铝，因为在自然界中，它很少以单质的形式存在。
这与其自身的活泼性有关，导致了它易于其他元素结合，尤其是与氧结合最普遍。
3.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit producti on with smallquantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.制造工艺可分为单位生产和大批量生产。
Unit 11科技文件的翻译
Eg2. Correct timing is of the utmost importance, and also extreme accuracy, down to a twenty-thousandth part of an inch, in the grinding of certain parts of the fuel injection pump and the valves.
The sectional rigidity of an R.C. continuous beam subjected to external load will change continuously. Thus, a redistribution of forces appears.
改译：The sectional rigidity of an R.C.
The Use of Long Sentences: Eg1. Each cylinder therefore is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which water is pumped continuously, and cooled by means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked off the main crankshaft, or, in the large diesel-electric locomotives, by auxiliary motors.
continuous beam subjected to external load will change continuously, thus, causing a redistribution of forces.
科技文本翻译例子
科技文本翻译例子1、深部煤巷锚杆支护技术的研究与实践Research and Practice of Bolting Support Technology in Deep Coal Roadways.2、无约束物体动力学普适方程的变分导出Derivation of a Universal Equation for Unrestrained Bodies with Calculus of Variations.3、粗品材料缺陷的超声信号及其小波包分析Ultrasonic Signal of Defects in A Coarse-grained Material and Its Wavelet Package Analysis.4、汽车车轮动平衡研究Research on the Dynamic Balance of Motorcar Wheel.5、有关取向分布函数计算方法的某些问题About the Calculus Of the Orientation Distribution Of Function.6、造纸厂污水对河流污染程度调查The Survey Paper Mil Waste Water Discharged To the River Pollution.7、网络环境下的信息素质教育On Information Retrieval Teaching Under the Network Environment.8、先进复合材料与航空航天Advanced Composite Materials and Aerospace Engineering.9、工艺中树脂固化温度与介电性能Temperature and Dielectric Properties of Resin during RTM Process RTM.10、使用毛细电泳仪根据泰勒扩散理论测量纳米粒子的扩散系数Determination of Nanoparticle Diffusion Coefficients by Taylor DispersionAnalysis Using A Capillary Electrophoresis Instrument.11、亚马孙雨林对干早的灵敏度Drought Sensitivity of the Amazon Rein-forest.。
科技文翻译英汉对照
Ross Gregory WRc Swindon Frankland Road,Blagrove Swindon,Wiltshire England罗斯格雷戈里斯文顿弗兰克兰路,布拉格罗夫斯温顿英格兰，威尔特郡Thomas F. Zabel WRc Medmenham Medmenham,Oxfordshire England托马斯·f·扎贝尔汽车拉力英格兰牛津郡James K. Edzwald Professor,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst,Massachusetts U.S.A.詹姆斯·k.爱德华教授,土木与环境工程系马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特,美国马萨诸塞州Sedimentation and flotation are solid-liquid separation processes used in water treatment mostly to lower the solids concentration,or load,on granular filters. As a result,filters can be operated more easily and cost effectively to produce acceptablequality filtered water. Many sedimentation and flotation processes and variants of them exist, and each has advantages and disadvantages. The most a ppropriate process for a particular application will depend on the water to be treated as well as local circumstances and requirements.水处理中的固液分离过程中使用沉降和浮选流程主要是为了降低固体颗粒浓度、颗粒过滤器或负载。
第十一单元 科技翻译
第十一单元科技翻译·Translate the following into Chinese.Eg.1 The reason why air makes fire burn more intensely was learned only about 200 years ago， when several scientists finally proved that oxygen, one of the gases air contains, can combine with certain other elements like carbon to release much heat.译文：空气为什么能促进火的燃烧呢？其中的原因直到大约两百年前才弄清。
当时一些科学家终于证明，空气中的一种气体是氧，它能与其他一些元素（如碳）化合，从而释放出大量的热。
Eg.2 The unit of electrical pressure, that is, the unit of electromotive force, is the volt.译文：电压即电动势的单位是伏特。
Eg.3 All substances consist of small particles of matter, of several different kinds, corresponding to the different elements.译文：一切物质都是由一些微小的物质粒子构成的，这些粒子有若干种，分别对应于不同的元素。
Eg.4 A cork, bobbing in water as waves pass by, is not swept along with the water.译文：在波浪通过时，在水中上下波动的软木块不会被水波冲走。
Eg.5 Ginevan says it’s reasonable, therefore, to expect that the vulnerability of the studied bees are indicative of what may be occurring in small bees important to pollination, such as honey bees.译文：吉尼凡说，既然发现所研究的这些蜂易受到伤害，所以人们就有理由担心，对于植物授粉有重要作用的小型蜂（如蜜蜂），也可能会有类似的遭遇。
实用文体翻译教程(英汉双向)第五章 科技文本的翻译
4.后置定语使用频率高 在科技英语中，由于对语言简练和内容准确的要求 比较高，所以经常使用后置定语。其中常见的主要有三 种：分词短语做后置定语；介词短语做后置定语；形容 词及形容词短语作后置定语。
One mistake, quite frequently made, is that of giving too little clearance between the piece to be machined and walls or sides of the jig used for it.
Each cylinder therefore is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which water pumped continuously, and cooled by means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked off the main crankshaft, or, in the larger diesel- electric locomotives, by auxiliary motors.
科技文章作为“信息型文本”，其主旨是传递 科技信息，传播科技知识，进行科技交流，促进科 技进步。内容精确、表达规范、严谨是科技翻译的 第一要务，专业术语是科技翻译的典型特征。科技 翻译应与约定俗成的术语接轨，即通过准确的术语 和表达手段传递信息，因此译者在传译时，要用恰 当的译语语言形式再现原文的思想内容和文体风格。
第一节 科技文本的语篇特点
一、词汇的使用特点
二、句法特点
一、词汇的使用特点
科技类文章中英文对照范文带翻译
科技类文章中英文对照范文带翻译印度首富百亿美元建4G网免费向全国提供India's richest man is rolling out a $20 billion mobile network that could bring lightning-fast Internet to hundreds of millions of people.印度首富正斥资200亿美元建设移动网络，或可使十亿人高速连接互联网。
Indian consumers are already celebrating the arrival of Mukesh Ambani's new Reliance Jio service, seizing on the billionaire's promise to deliver rock bottom prices and download speeds thatwill enable streaming video.印度消费者已经在庆祝穆克什•安巴尼新推出的瑞来斯Jio网络服务。
这位亿万富翁承诺，该网络会以最低价格提供满足流媒体使用的下载速度。
The 4G network, which reaches more than 80% of the country, officially went live Monday with a set of generous introductory offers.这个覆盖印度超过80%地区的4G网络于周一正式开通，同时慷慨附送试用套餐。
Indians will be able to use Jio for free until the end of 2021, and pay as little as 149 rupees $2.25 a month for data after that.印度人到今年年底都可免费使用Jio网络，之后的网费也只有每月149卢比2.25美金。
第7课 科技文的翻译
2. Various attempts were made to calculate levels on this basis, with only very limited success. About 1925 the new quantum theory originated and gave immediate and continued success in the mathematical solution of this problem. • 在这个基础上，人们为计算能级做了各种 努力，但收效甚微。约在1925年，新的量 子理论产生了，并在求得这个问题的数学 解答方面立建功效，且不断有所成就。
数的死星。只有不断地创造，宇宙才会有无限的未来，万物的特 征得以长存。(62 words) 5.把药品放在远离阳光照射的阴凉干爽的地方。(20 words) 6. 本工艺具有造型速度快，生产效率高、工艺性能优良等
优点，引起世界铸造工作者的关注。(40 words) 共计307字
• 外交学院 2004研 考试科目：翻译 • 1.The new environmental health problems are multiple-created by radiation in all its forms, born of the never-ending stream of chemicals of which pesticides are a part, chemicals now persuading the world in which we live, acting upon us directly and indirectly, separately and collectively. Their presence casts a shadow that is no less ominous because it is formless and obscure, no less frightening because it is simply impossible to predict the effects of lifetime exposure to chemical and physical agents that are not part of the biological experience of man. • 各式各样的辐射导致多种新的环境健康问题。大量的化学物质是 产生辐射的元凶，而杀虫剂便是其中之一。化学品充斥着我们生 活的世界，或直接或间接，或分散或集中，影响着我们。随之而 来的是不祥的阴影，因为化学品是无形的。化学品和物理因子不 是人类生理生活的一部分。当人一生都暴露在化学品和物理因子 之下，它们对人体造成的影响无法预测，正因为如此才更阴凉干爽的地方。 • Medicines are displayed or stored in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight. • 6.本工艺具有造型速度快，生产效率高、工艺 性能优良等优点，引起世界铸造工作者的关 注。 • This technology has the advantages of great moulding speed, high production efficiency and fine technological performances. Therefore, it has been taken notice of the foundry business all over the world.
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（一）科技英语特点和翻译原则
科技文本：科学专著、科学论文、科学报道、试验报告、技术规范、工程技术说明、科技文献以及科普读物等。
科技文本的特点：用词非常严谨，行文规范，注重客观；描述平易，一般不带感情色彩；准确，正式，逻辑严密。
1. 科技英语的词汇。
i. 普通词汇
ii．半专业词汇
半专业词所表达的意义根据不同的学科内容而定
e.g.：1. pencil
光学中：光纤锥，射束
机械中：metal pencil 焊条
2. concentration
1）Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the irons.（浓度）
2) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possible. (富集)
iii．专业词汇
i.词义专一，构成呈多样化，前后词缀，如：auto-, a-, semi-,micro-等。
ii.外来词多
2.科技英语中长句较多, 汉译英时注意拆分
科技英语重表示某些复杂概念时用的长复合句大大多于一般英语。
长句特点是从句和短语多，同时兼有并列结构或省略，倒装顺序，结构显得复杂。
但其所表达的科技内容严密性、准确性和逻辑性较强。
见4. e.g.
3.科技英语专业术语性强，汉译英是强调术语翻译的正确性。
专业术语语义具有严谨性和单一性
平时阅读与所译材料同类的英文材料
给概念以约定俗成的译名
e.g.：药品的“保存期”是“shelf life”而不是“storage period”
肺活量是“vital capacity”而不是“lung capacity”
科技英语重缩略语情况也比较多，需勤查相关专业词典或参考书，采用公认的缩略形式。
e.g.：“原始地面线”（Original Ground Surface）可用“OGS”
“最优含水量”（Optimal Moisture Content）可用“OMC”
4.科技英语大量使用抽象名词和介词，汉译英时应当注意动态语言和
静态语言的转化。
e.g.: 中国已成功地发射了第一颗试验通讯卫星。
这颗卫星是由三
级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。
它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.
5.科技英语时态变化不明显，汉译英是多采用一般现在时。
科技英语主要叙述普遍真理，描述工作原理、实验效果与结论、物质特性和功能。
通常使用一般现在时。
除描述科学史实时仍需使用过去时态。
6.科技英语陈述语气较多，汉译英是应注意运用此类语气。
注重以实事求是的学术风格来表达科学事实，内容严谨、准确，极少有明显的感情色彩。
所以科技英语中少有虚拟语气，基本没有感叹句。
注重客观性，描述平易，不同于文学作品，不需激发读者感情。
e.g.：1. Solution to the problem was ultimately found.
2.指南针是利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性而制成的一
种指向仪器，它和以差动齿轮结构的指南车不同。
A magnetic compass is an instrument showing direction based
on the phenomenon that a magnetic bar or needle swinging freely in
the earth’s magnetic field will direct itself to lie in a magnetic south-north position.
7.科技英语被动语态和非人称句使用较多，汉译英时注意转换。
主要描述科技活动的结果或自然规律
e.g.: 炒钢的原料是生铁。
把生铁加热到液态或半液态，靠鼓风或
撒入精矿粉，使硅、锰、碳氧化，让碳量降低到钢的成分范围。
The raw material of puddling steel is cast iron, which is first heated to a liquid of semi-liquid state. The situation, manganese and carbon ore are then oxidized by wind blowers or the addition of fine ore powder so that the carbon content is lowered to within the limits of steel composition.
8.科技英语衔接性强，汉译英时应注意增添必要的衔接手段以保证语义连贯。
（二）科技文本标题的英译
简短精炼，突出主题。
英文论文标题通常由介词短语和名词词组构成，实词首字母大写。
e.g.：1.合金化对TiAl基合金性能的影响及机理
Effects of Alloying on Properties of TiAl-based Alloys and Mechanisms 2.转炉和含锌铅高炉尘泥的物性和物相分析
Analysis of Intrinsic Properties and Phase Condition on Converter Sludge and Bearing-Zn-Pb Blast Furnace Sludge
3.铝及铝合金正反向挤压力比较
Comparison between Direct and Indirect Extrusion Forces of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy。