雅思阅读讲义

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雅思强化阅读精讲班第5讲讲义

雅思强化阅读精讲班第5讲讲义判断题（三）一、LSE的原则和技巧一、原则：F1原则（绝对化）：题干在范围、程度上使用了比原文更绝对的词。

例如：原文说some/many，题干说all。

或者原文说sometimes，题干说always/usually。

例1 原文：Many lecturers find their jobs very rewarding.题干：All lecturers get something positive from their work.例2原文：Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.另外，请参见《剑桥6》移民类第一套阅读第五题F2原则（一个萝卜一个坑）：原文与题干考点词的类型相同，但是具体内容不同。

例题：F2原则的例题包括：《剑桥3》：T2P1Q2，T3P1Q1/Q2，T3P2Q16，T4P2Q22/Q23《剑桥4》：T1P1Q5《剑桥5》：T2P3Q36，T3P2Q20F3原则（实体限定）：原文提供了多种实体选择，而题干仅限定于其中一中。

例如：原文说Ａ and/or B ，题干说only A 。

A and B 相当于NOT only A ，所以存在矛盾，选FALSE 。

例题：F3原则的例题：《剑桥4》T3P1Q11二、技巧：FS1技巧（S代表skill）：含有绝对范围、程度考点词的题目大多数选FALSE/NO。

刘洪波雅思阅读真经内部讲义中

【雅思真经派读写互通理论】长难句理解经典句型背诵剑81.1 The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement.1.3 Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine. Other parapsychologists believe that the field is on the brink of collapse, having tried to produce definitive scientific proof and failed. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however, that the most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called ‘ganzfeld’ e xperiments, a German term that means ‘whole field’.2.2 The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean.2.3 While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals, they are still remarkably acute.3.3 It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life.3.1 Discussion now centres on whether the route through the maze is communicated as a'left-right' sequence of turns or as a 'compass bearing and distance' message.3.3 Forests are one of the main elements of our natural heritage. The decline of Europe's forests over the last decade and a half has led to an increasing awareness and understanding of the serious imbalances which threaten them.4.2 The MSC has established a set of criteria by which commercial fisheries can be judged.4.3 It was found that children from the noisy schools had higher blood pressure and were more easily distracted than those who attended the quiet schools. Moreover, there was no evidence of adaptability to the noise. In fact, the longer the children had attended the noisy schools, the more distractible they became.剑61.2 Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have beenmade, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions.1.3 Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years.2.1 It is common for supporters of road networks to reject the models of cities with good public transport by arguing that such systems would not work in their particular city.2.3 Perhaps the most fundamental step in developing a sense of number is not the ability to count, but rather to see that a number is really an abstract idea instead of a simple attachment to a group of particular objects.3.1 But it is worth trying, for to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema, the unique, hypnotic quality3.3 The monkey projects demonstrate that, compared with control animals that eat normally, caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin, and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.4.3 The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be.剑51.3 （媒体负面）People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers andbroadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception.2.1 The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors - immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of 'luxury' materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory.2.3 There were several reasons why original science continued to be written in Latin. The first was simply a matter of audience.A third reason why the writing of original science in English was delayed may have been to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period.3.2 According to Siegel, international environmental organisations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterraneancoastal ecosystem. But there are no easy solutions.4.1 （开发旅游业）The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countriesall across the world are actively promoting their 'wilderness' regions - such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands — to high-spending tourists.剑42.1 （语言习得）What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but howold they are.Language is also intimately bound up with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other.2.2 Part of the incentive was financial, Dr Laver said. The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.'3.1 Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid-employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activities such as education and domestic task.4.1 No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics.Identifying genetically talented individuals is only the first step.4.3 The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.。

雅思强化阅读精讲班第10讲讲义

原文： While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. Q32 题干： Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and ... (32) .. . to make new paper.
Foul smelling chemicals are often used to irritate the bees and drive them down into the hive’s bottom boxes, leaving the honey-filled supers more or less bee free. These can then be pulled off the hive. They are heavy with honey and may weigh up to 90 pounds each. The supers are taken to a warehouse. In the extracting room, the frames are lifted out and lowered into an F ‘uncapper’ where rotating blades shave away the wax that covers each cell. The uncapped frames are put in a carousel that sits on the bottom of a large stainless steel drum. The carousel is filled to capacity with 72 frames. A switch is flipped and the frames begin to whirl at 300 revolutions per minute; centrifugal force throws the honey out of the combs. Finally the honey is poured into barrels for shipment.

雅思阅读讲义

Unit 1 Overview 概述1.Format of the reading moduleTime: 60 minutesContent:2.Scores (on a scale of 1 - 9)4. Question Type 题型5. Reading skills (test purpose)6. Reading techniques recommended7. How to prepare for IELTS Reading Module1)V ocabulary: 不需要把大部分时间放在背单词上，更没必要死记硬背很多偏难怪的词。

应该集中精力突破雅思阅读核心高频动词和主题高频词。

2)Reading technique: 非常重要，一定要遵循技巧勤加练习3)Practice：每次做完题后一定要花时间做分析总结4)Read, read, read8. 剑桥系列习题集的使用剑桥雅思系列的每一篇阅读文章起码要做够三遍第一遍，严格限时做题，进行模考演练，既能测试自己的水平，又能保持好的临战状态。

第二遍，放松时间严格按照正确的步骤方法做题，并将每个题在文章中的依据标示出来，对于第一遍做错的题思考为什么做错，找出原因，思考以后如何改进做题方法；对于做对的题，也要思考自己做题是的判断依据和思考过程，加强答对题的思维和感觉。

第三遍，把雅思阅读文章作为单词书使用，也就是把每篇文章里的高频核心动词和主题词汇总出来，这同时也是分析长难句的过程，经过这个分析句子―理解记忆单词的过程，这个过程可以重复多遍，这样你的雅思阅读能力才会有实质性的提高！Unit 2 Sentence comprehension(你会读句子吗？)1.句子理解包含三层境界，而只有达到第二层境界才算正确有效第一层境界：能快速辨识出句子中至少70%的词汇或短语。

第二层境界：把句子中的散乱的词汇和短语的含义依照语法规则正确的连接贯通，最后提取出整个句子的整体含义。

【7A文】暑期雅思阅读课讲义完整版

王晓春雅思阅读课讲义IELTS Reading Lecture Notes by Spring Wang（版权所有严禁翻印）目录第一章雅思阅读考试基本情况介绍第二章雅思阅读考试词汇学习第三章雅思阅读与英语句子第四章雅思阅读与英语段落结构第五章雅思阅读核心解题技能第六章List of Headings 题注意事项和解题方法第七章Summary题注意事项和解题方法第八章TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题注意事项和解题方法第九章Matching题注意事项和解题方法第十章Multiple Choice题注意事项和解题方法第十一章Sentence Completion题注意事项和解题方法第十二章Short Answer Question题注意事项和解题方法第十三章Table/Diagram/Flow Chart题注意事项和解题方法第十四章最新仿真阅读材料附录第一章雅思阅读考试基本情况介绍雅思考试（IELTS）考试的全称是：International English Language Testing System（国际英语语言测试系统）。

它是由剑桥大学地方考试委员会，英国文化委员会和澳大利亚教育国际开发署共同举办的国际英语考试。

考题主要是由剑桥大学地方考试委员会出，英国文化委员会和澳大利亚教育国际开发署主要负责一些考务管理方面的事情。

雅思考试是针对去英语国家留学或移民人员的一种语言能力的测试。

接受雅思成绩的国家以前是以英联邦和欧洲为主。

而现在北美也越来越多地接受雅思成绩。

雅思考试分为Academic Module（学术类考试，简称A类考试）和General Training Module（普通培训类考试，简称G类考试）。

A类主要是为留学，G类主要是为移民。

两类考试的听力和口语部分完全一致，但在阅读和写作部分有所区别。

A类阅读考试●考试时间为60分钟。

要特别注意的是：听力部分的考试会在结束后专门提供10分钟的时间用于誊写答案。

雅思强化阅读精讲班第13讲讲义

原文：The changes in awareness have been most marked in English-speaking countries, where the realization has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in the world knows
English well enough to negotiate in it. This is especially a problem when English is not an Q17 official language of public administration, as in most parts of the Far East, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Arab world, Latin America and French-speaking Africa. 题干：An example of a part of the world where people may have difficulty7)…
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原文：The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services; to take just one example in Britain, Rowntree Mackintosh now publish their documents in six Q21-24 languages (English, French, German, Dutch, Italian and Xhosa). Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries, to ensure consistency when material is being translated. 题干：List the FOUR main ways in which British companies have tried to solve the

雅思5.5基础课程阅读讲义-ielts-5.5-reading

雅思阅读冲刺班讲义（教案）2013年11月雅思5.5基础阅读课程讲义UNIT 1 Education (3)UNIT 2 Food (5)UNIT 3 Health (7)UNIT 4 Media (10)Locating Information (15)UNIT 5 Practice 1 (18)UNIT 6 Advertising (20)UNIT 7 Learning to Speak (28)Summary Completion (30)UNIT 8 The Environment (31)Short Answers (33)UNIT 9 Sponsorship in Sport (34)UNIT 10 Practice 2 (38)Flowchart-Timeline Completion (40)UNIT 11 Transport (40)UNIT 12 Travel (48)UNIT 13 Technology (55)Labelling a Diagram (57)Unit14 Money (58)UNIT 15 Practice 3 (65)Multiple Choice (66)Labelling a Diagram (70)UNIT 17 Social Issues (71)IELTS Type Questions: Reading: for Details and for Main Ideas (73)Table Completion (73)UNIT 20 Practice 4 (79)Note Completion (80)UNIT 1 EducationEducation over the past 100 yearsAThe education of our young people is one of the most important aspects of any community, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and unspoken beliefs of society. These ideas change as local customs and attitudes change, and these changes are reflected in the curriculum, teaching and assessment methods and the expectations of how both students and teachers should behave.词汇讲解：curriculum n. 教学大纲；reflect v. 反映；反射；assessment n. 评价；BTeaching in the late 1800s and early 1900s was very different from today. Rules for teachers at the time in the USA covered both the teacher's duties and their conduct out of class as well. Teachers at that time were expected to set a good example to their pupils and to behave in a very virtuous and proper manner. Women teachers should not marry, nor should they ‘keep company with men.' They had to wear long dresses and no bright colours and they were not permitted to dye their hair. They were not allowed to loiter downtown in an ice cream store, and women were not allowed to go out in the evenings unless to a school function, although men were allowed one evening a week to take their girlfriends out if they went to church regularly. No teachers were allowed to drink alcohol. They were allowed to read only good books such as the Bible, and they were given a pay increase of 25c a week after five years of work for the local school.词汇讲解：manner n. 行为守则；be expected to：被预期…表示将来时：be expected tobe predicted tobe perspective toCAs well as this long list of ‘dos' and ‘don'ts,' teachers had certain duties to perform each day. In country schools, teachers were required to keep the coal bucket full for the classroom fire, and to bring a bucket of water each day for the children to drink. They had to make the pens for their students to write with and to sweep the floor and keep the classroom tidy. However, despite this list of duties, little was stipulated about the content of the teaching, nor about assessment methods. DTeachers would have been expected to teach the three ‘r’s—reading, writing and arithmetic, and to teach the children about Christianity and read from the Bible every day. Education in those days was much simpler than it is today and covered basic literacy skills and religious education. They would almost certainly have used corporal punishment such as a stick or the strap on naughty or unruly children, and the children would have sat together in pairs in long rows in the classroom. They would have been expected to sit quietly and to do their work, copying long rows of letters or doing basic maths sums. Farming children in country areas would have had only a few years of schooling and would probably have left school at 12 or 14 years of age to join their parents in farm work.词汇讲解：arithmetic：算数；literacy：文学，阅读；religious：宗教的；discrimination：歧视；religious discrimination：宗教歧视。

IELTS阅读讲义

快速阅读阅读的四个层次：词雅思基础阅读精讲班第2讲讲义SECTION 1定位词（查找细节）SECTION 1 Questions 1-14Questions 1-4There are six job advertisements A-F on the opposite page.Answer the questions below by writing the letters of the appropriate advertisements in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.Questions 5-10Read the page from a UK telephone directory on the opposite page.Answer the questions below by writing the appropriate telephone number in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.What should you dial if ….Operator Services 101The operator is there to help you if you have difficulty making a call or if you want to use any of our special call services. These include: ALARM CALLS * ADVICE OF DURATION CHARGE * CREDIT CARD CALLS * FIXED TIME CALLS * FREEFONE CALLS * PERSONAL CALLS * TRANSFERRED CHARGE CALLS * SUBSCRIBER CONTROLLED TRANSFER. For details of charges see our free leaflet. Dial 101 and ask for financial services.International Operator 123See Section 3 (international) for details.Directory Enquiries 142Tell the operator the town you require. Have paper and pencil ready.International Directory Enquiries 130Emergency 010Tell the operator what service you want.Faults 166Any fault should be reported to the local fault repair service.Sales 170Telemessage 190If you have something special to say and prefer to say it in writing.International Telemessage 191International Telegrams 192You can send a telegram to most other countries.Maritime Service 200SHIP’S TELEGRAM SERVICE * SHIP’S TELEPHONE SERVICE * INMARSAT SATELLITE SERVICE (DIAL 177). You can call or send a message to someone aboard ship by using our Maritime Services. For telephone calls to ships quote the name of the Coast Radio Station if known. For INMARSAT (Maritime Satellite) service dial 178. Give the ship’s name, its identification number and ocean region, if known. International Directory Enquiries, code 130, can say if a ship is equipped for satellite service and provide the number.Any Other Call Enquiries 111Questions 11-14划定位词顺序：1 数字和大写字母优先（原词重现）2 独特名词>独特动词>独特形容词或副词3 不能作为定位词：常用词（student ）、文章主题词（job advertisements ）、同一题型内部重复出现的词（telephone ）Read the following notice.Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage answer the questions below. Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Example AnswerWhich job is in a travel agent’s? D 1Which job is in a hotel?2Which job is for someone to look after a child?3Which TWO advertisements are for waiters?4Which TWO jobs would particularly like a German speaker?Example Answeryou want to speak to the International Operator? 1235there is something wrong with your telephone?6there has been an accident and you want to call an ambulance?7you want to find out a number in a foreign country?8you want to know how much telephone calls cost?9you want to purchase an answer-phone machine?10you want to use a credit card to pay for a telephone call?FIRE NOTICEIn the event of fire, the ALARM will ring. On hearing the fire alarm, all those in the West Wing should evacuate the building by staircase J. Rooms 1 to 199 are in the West Wing. All others should use staircase A. The assembly area for occupants of the West Wing is the staff car park at the rear of the building. All others assemble in the front courtyard.Evacuate the building even if the alarm stops.If you discover a fire, shout “FIRE” and operate the nearest fire alarm. Attack the fire with an extinguisher but do not take any risks. Inform reception by dialing 3333.Example AnswerWhere is room 1? the West Wing 11You are in room 101. Which staircase should you use to evacuate the building?12You are in room 201. Where should you wait outside after evacuating the building?13What should you do if the alarm stops?14Who should you contact if you discover a fire?SECTION 2SECTION 2 Questions 15-27Questions 15-20Read “Information for New Students” below and answer the questions that follow.Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.Questions 21-27Read the passage below about a college in the city of Bath, written in 1985, and answer the questions that follow.The CollegeThe college uses buildings in five different places. Where are the following things located?In boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet writeHILTON ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTREINFORMATION FOR NEW STUDENTSCLASS TIMES9.00 am –10.30am 11.00am –12.30pm 13.0pm –3.00pmThe Language Centre is open Monday to Friday. Each class has one afternoon free per week. On the first day go to the lecture hall to check your timetable.SELF-ACCESSThe language laboratory (Room 1110) is open Monday to Friday from 3.15pm to 5.00pm for all full-time students. You can learn how to use the computers for language games or word-processing.There are cassettes for students to borrow to practise their English. Go in and ask the teacher to show you.If you plan to take public examinations, there are dictation and listening comprehension cassettes for you to practise with. There are cloze exercises on the computers. Ask your class teacher for a list of past exam essays. Students can borrow cassettes to take home but they must be returned after two days.ATTENDANCEAll students on student visas are expected to attend classes regularly. Students who do not attend classes will be reported to OSS. Eighty per cent attendance is required for students to receive their certificate on completion of their course. It is also required by OSS for an extension to your visa.BOOKSIf students are given course books, the books are their responsibility.If a book is lost, the student will be expected to pay for it. If students wish to buy books, there is a bookshop in the college specializing in English books (Room 3520). 15When do classes begin and end on a full day ？16How many afternoons does a class meet each week?17Where are the timetables displayed?18Who can use the language laboratory after classes?19Who is available in the self-access center to help the students?20How much of a course must you attend according to visa restrictions?NP if something is located in N ewton P ark C if something is located in C orsham SH if something is located in S ion H illSC if something is located in S omerset C rescent SP if something is located in S ydney P laceExample Answer A landscaped garden SH21Central Administration 22Home Economics Block 23Art and Design Foundation Course 24Art and Design Degree Course after 198625Post-graduate Residences 26Sports Hall 27Music Block保打印关闭The college has the advantage of location in one of the most attractive cities in the country. Within the city of Bath it occupies modern buildings in a landscaped garden on Sion Hill, Lansdown and an adjacent Georgian Crescent, Somerset Crescent, which includes teaching and residential accommodation for post-graduate studies. It also occupies three houses in Sydney Place, which are used for studio and workshop accommodation for part-time courses in the Visual Arts and for the Foundation Course in Art and Design.The Newton Park site is situated four miles west of Bath between the villages of Newton St Loe and Corston. Within the grounds are a Georgian mansion, where the college’s central administration is located, an Elizabethan dairy, stables and the tower of a medieval manor house; all these older buildings have been adapted to present-day use. A new purpose-built Home Economics block was opened in January 1985. During 1986 a new Sports Hall will be completed and new residential blocks are under construction to be completed ready for the start of the academic year in September 1986; a new Music Block will be completed in 1987.The Art and Design degree courses which are currently accommodated at Corsham, about nine miles east of Bath, will be moved to the Sion Hill site in Bath by September 1986 thus reinforcing Faculty and Course links.The college courses are designed to take advantage of the special opportunities and circumstances provided by itsenvironment. Students have available such resources as the Costume and Fashion Research Centre, the Royal Photographic Centre and the Museum of American Domestic Life at Claverton. Concerts and recitals, including some given by staff and students, take place throughout the year in the Assembly Rooms.保存打印关闭雅思基础阅读精讲班第3讲讲义复习《定位词》复习第一讲《定位词》Questions 32-40Read the Useful Hints for using a gas cooker on page 53, and answer the following questions. 32If you want to cook food rapidly, which burner should you use?33If the flame is too high.A gas is wastedB the pan is placed centrallyC the worktop is scorchedD it produces deposits34 A ‘moderate’ oven is … a ‘warm’ oven.A not as hot asB the equivalent ofC hotter thanD at the same time as35How long does it take the oven to become ‘very hot’?36When grilling food, the grill doorA must be kept openB must be set to ‘MAX’C must not overhang the sideD must be removed37Various dishes … be cooked at the same time in the oven.A mustB canC cannotD need to38What kind of utensils should not be kept in the storage drawer?39Which system of temperature is used on the oven control knob?40Cooking utensils may be made of a range of materials, but they must beA flammableB preheatedC steadyD ceramicUSING YOUR SCORPIO COOKER: USEFUL HINTSFollow these useful hints to obtain the best results when using your new SCORPIO cooker.Choice of burnerUse large burner to bring liquids to the boil quickly, brown meat and generally for all food that is cooked rapidly. Use small burners for stewed dishes and sauces.To conserve gas, place the pan centrally over the burner and adjust the flame so that it does not extend past the edges of the pan.Do not boil food too rapidly. A strong boil does not cook any faster but violently shakes up the food, which may then lose its taste.WRONG CORRECTflame too high – wastes gas f lame not past edges of pan – conserves gasUtensilsAll normally available utensils (aluminium, stainless steel, cast iron, ceramic, etc.) may be used on your new gas cooker, but ensure that they are steady, in order to avoid dangerous spill-over of hot liquids.Caution: Large UtensilsWhen a cooker is installed close to a worktop, ensure that whenever large utensils are used, they are placed so that they do not overhang the side of the hotplate, as this may cause scorching or charring of the worktop surface.Warning: Asbestos MatsDo not use asbestos mats as they tend to cause a temperature build-up which can damage the enamel.GrillerThe grill burner has variable settings, the high setting being denoted by ‘MAX’ and the low setting by ‘MIN’ on the griller control knob.Note: The grill door should be left open during grilling.OvenWhen using recipes that refer to temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit, the conversion scale located on the splashback will provide a ready means of finding the equivalent in degrees Celsius so that the oven control knob can readily be set to the correct temperature. This is the temperature on the second雅思基础阅读精讲班第6讲讲义段落主旨段落主旨掌握主旨：What ：主旨=主题+方向+关系词（无词阅读法三要素）How ：变速阅读=精读首句（主题+方向），浏览全段（关系词）图A ：汉语族人的思维方式图B ：英语族人的思维方式Save the best for the last Say what you want to say, then say why基础阅读教材70页 Questions 13-18Look at the welcome letter to students. The text has 7 sections (1-7).Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers (i-x ) in boxes 13-18 on your answer sheet. Note: There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them. Example Answer Section 1 vi13Section 214Section 315Section 416Section 517Section 618Section 7List of headingsclass. Arrange for a ‘study buddy’ to collect materials for you if you are absent. to develop the ability to work independently and to organise your time.fail.Students who pass the course will receive a certificate of achievement.v Financial5Paragraph Eassistancevi Special6Paragraph Fconsiderationvii University by-lawsviii Identificationix Study skillsworkshopsA There are two formal examination periods each year; first semester period beginning in June and the secondsemester period beginning in November. Additionally, individual departments may examine at other times aby various methods such as ‘take-home’ exams, assignments, orally, practical work and so on.B If you feel your performance in an examination has been adversely affected by illness or misadventure, youshould talk to the course Co-ordinator in your department and complete an appropriate form. Each case isconsidered on its own merits.C The University has arrangements with universities throughout the United States, Canada, Europe and Asiaschemes are open to undergraduate and postgraduate students and allow you to complete a semester or a yeayour degree overseas. The results you gain are credited towards your degree at this university. This offers anexciting and challenging way of broadening your horizons and enriching your academic experience in adifferent environment and culture.D Youth Allowance may be available to full-time students. Reimbursement of travel costs may also be availablin some cases. Postgra, duate research funds are offered for full-time study towards Masters by Research orPhD degrees. These are competitive and the closing date for applications is 31 October in the year prior to thone for which the funds are sought.E Your student card, obtained on completion of enrolment, is proof that you are enrolled. Please take special caof it and carry it with you when you’re at the university. You may be asked to show it to staff at any time. Thcard is also your discount card and access card for the Students’ Union as well as allowing you access to thelibrary.F The Union provides opportunities for a wide range of activities, from the production of films and plays, toconcerts and magazines, and even art and photo exhibitions. If you have a creative idea in mind, pick up a fofrom ACCESS on Level 3, Wandsworth Building.保存打印关闭保存打印关闭雅思基础阅读精讲班第9讲讲义掌握段落主旨（三）巩固掌握段落主旨的两种方法复习前两讲掌握段落主旨的两种方法方法一：段落结构法1.总分——总分总2.分总——分总分3.对比——并列优势：普遍性劣势：没有简便性方法二：重复出现法 1.原词重复 2.同类词重复 3.指代重复优势：简便性劣势：没有普遍性Questions 1-9 基础阅读教材96页1 Paragraph B2 Paragraph C3 Paragraph D4 Paragraph E5 Paragraph FChanging our Understanding of HealthA The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.B For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in thismachine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing.C In the late 1940s the World Health Organisation challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that ’health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease’ (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind/ body/ spirit) and not just in physical terms.D The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasising the importance of the lifestyle and behaviour of the individual. Specific behaviours which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviours and lifestyles. While thisList of Headingsi Ottawa International Conference on Health Promotion ii Holistic approach to healthiii The primary importance of environmental factors iv Healthy lifestyles approach to healthv Changes in concepts of health in Western society vi Prevention of diseases and illness vii Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion viii Definition of health in medical terms ix Socio-ecological view of health Example Answer Paragraph A vG with relentless and cool-headed determination by an able and cohesive Government and civil service, and education has been at the heart of this.This has not only meant developing the skills needed by a fast-expanding company, it has also meant forming a cohesive, motivated citizenry out of an extremely multi-ethnic and multilingual population. In both these objectives, Singapore has been very successful. It is one of the fastest-growing economies and is ranked fourth in the world in gross domestic product per capita.H Policy-makers cannot hope to take policies from Singapore and make them work in Britain. However, two things can be learned. One is that, in certain environments at least, concerted and long-term planning can pay dividends. The other is that education is about more than improving economic competitiveness. Forming skills and forming citizens can go hand-in-hand.保存打印关闭age profile.Section (iv)Overall, female students outnumbered male students in the survey. However, there were more males than females from four countries: Iran, Indonesia, Korea, and, to a lesser extent, China. Females accounted for 60% of students from Taiwan, Switzerland, and Japan. Gender differences concerning the responses to questions were noticed, but varied widely according to nationality.Section (v)A very high proportion (87%) of students had completed senior high school or better. Just under one-third had completed a university degree, and 5% had completed a postgraduate degree. Over a third had at least completed high school, and over 20% had completed a technical diploma or junior college.Students with a maximum middle school education formed less than 7% of all respondents, and came predominantly from Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Taiwan. Iranian students were among the highest educated, with more than half having already completed a postgraduate degree.Koreans. Thais. and Chinese were also particularly well educated, with over 60% of each national group having completed at least a first a university degree. Almost half of the Japanese and more than half of the Swiss respondents had completed education to senior high school level or less.Section (vi)While student visa holders took either 10-29 week or 40 week courses, most students on working holiday and tourist visas took courses of less than 10 weeks, or from 10 to 19 weeks in length.More than 50% of all students were taking courses of between 10 and 29 weeks, with the proportion fairly evenly divided between the 10-19 week and 20-29 week ranges. A large proportion of students were taking courses of at least 40 weeks in length, and only a few students indicated enrolment in courses shorter than 10 weeks.There were noticeable differences between nationalities, with Koreans, Japanese, and Taiwanese taking longer courses than other nationalities, and Swiss and other European students taking much shorter courses.Section (vii)Interest in further education differed significantly from country to country. Students from Iran (94.8%), Hong Kong (88.7%), China (88.4%), Thailand (88.3%), and Indonesia (85.4%) registered high levels of interest, whereas lower interest was shown by respondents from JapanThe Nature of DisputesTo resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome. The two parties may choose to focus their attention on one or more of three basic factors. They may seek to (1) reconcile their interests, (2) determine who is right, and/or (3) determine who is more powerful.Section AInterests are needs, desires, concerns, fears – the things one cares about or wants. They provide the foundation for a person’s or an organisation’s position in a dispute. In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict. For example, the director of sales for an electronics company gets into a dispute with the director of manufacturing over the number of TV models to produce. The director of sales wants to produce more models because her interest is in selling TV sets; more models mean more choice for consumers and hence increased sales. The director of manufacturing, however, wants to produce fewer models. His interest is in decreasing manufacturing costs and more models mean higher costs. Section BReconciling such interests is not easy. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation, the act of communication intended to reach agreement. Another interests-based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute, in reaching agreement.Section CBy no means do all negotiations (or mediations) focus on reconciling interests. Some negotiations focus on determining who is right, such as when two lawyers argue about whose case has the greater merit. Other negotiations focus on determining who is more powerful, such as when quarrelling neighbours or nations exchange threats and counter threats. Often negotiations involve a mix of all three – some attempts to satisfy interests, some discussion of rights, and some references to relative power.Section DIt is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute. Although it is usually straightforward where rights are formalised in law, other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards of behaviour, such as reciprocity, precedent, equality, and seniority.There are often different – and sometimes contradictory – standards that apply to rights, Reaching agreement on rights, where the outcome will determine who gets what, can often be so difficult that the parties frequently turn to a third party to determine who is right. The most typical rights procedure is adjudication, in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decisioncreating works of art. ‘I didn’t sell a piece of glass until 1975,’ Dale Chihuly said, smiling, for in the 18 years since the end of the dry spell, he has become one of the most financially successful artists of the 20th century. He now has a newcommission – a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company – for which his fee is half a million dollars.D But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modern. Consider thesimple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day’s pay for the average worker. In effect, the invention of the ribbon machine by Corning in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way, the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66,000 an hour, as compared with 1,200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.E The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid,and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion,characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process, the atoms in the raw materials are disturbed from their normal position in the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. This looseness inmolecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous ‘formability’ which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.F Today, scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixtures and buildingdesigners test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. ALondon architect, Mike Davies, sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. ‘Glass is the great building material of the future, the “dynamic skin”, ’he said. ‘Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents goingthrough it, glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button, that gives you instant curtains. Think of how the tall buildings in New York couldperform a symphony of colours as the glass in them is made to change coloursinstantly.’ Glass as instant curtains is available now, but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colours instantly, that may come true. Mike Davies’s vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillmentAdapted from ‘Glass:Capturing the Dance of Light’by William S. Elis,National Geographic。

雅思阅读,IELTS,精品版讲义课件

• 3 快速浏览文章，扫描特定信息方法题目理解+定位词原文主干+定位词
找到定位词后先粗后细理解
评分标准
阅读五大题型
第一大题型主观题
包括summary 填空图表简答
1、浏览题目要求对应段字数要求 2、精读题目相关内容（尽可能翻译）注意：时间地点专有名词不翻译中英结合不认识的名词可以用ABC来代替 3、定位和预测定位：时间地点专有名词是最好的定位词其它的名词作为辅助定位词（常被替换）预测：预测词性（名词需要判断单复数）预测词的大致方向（如专家、植物名称等） 4、如果有备选项要利用备选项进行语法逻辑筛选（有备选项的题目有可能不按顺序出题）常用词法搭配：动词V+副词adv 副词adv+形容词adj 形容词adj+名词n
状语从句
状语从句（很easy,关键看连接词的意思，即可判断）如 1 when 时间状语当...的时候在句子开头或A句\whenB句、宾语从句 tell sb when +句子定语从句 ...+n when +句子 when=介词+n 2、as 当...的时候时间状语从句因为由于原因状语从句如象方式状语从句尽管让步状语从句
定语从句
D、定语从句修饰名词代词的成分是定语定语是一个句子叫定语从句 that 后句子完整为同位语从句名词、代词后that+从句 that后面句子不完整为定语从句如：The news (that he won the prize) is true The news (that he told me) is true 名词、代词后Which、Who 、Whom、When、Where、Why 加句子99%是定语从句其中When、Where、Why 只需=某一介词+前面名词即可判定为定语从句例如：Do you remember the place where we lived last year where= in the place 另外：名词、代词后一个主谓结构，通常是省略了that的定从例如：People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff (everone throws away) will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste

雅思版阅读最新豪华讲义(下)

文章考点信号词:1) 举例名词扎堆处：疾病名扎堆，生物名扎堆，城市名扎堆等2) 数字扎堆处：60% 49% 11% 5,999 thirty-one3) 牛人观点：人名＋观点提示词suggest, say, imply, point out, indicate, view, believe, think等4) 文章强转折处：however, but, un-5) 年代情况：1983，19996) 段落高频名词：Komi / Komi / Komi / Komi / Komi7) 实验调查：survey, research, study8) 专有名词与机构名：UN, Kansai练习：阅读下面的段落辨认主题句与扩展句；划出考点词；并完成后面的题Some of the most remarkable beetles are the dung beetles, which spend almost their whole lives eating and breeding in dung.More than 4,000 species of these remarkable creatures have evolved and adapted to the world’s different climates and the dung of its many animals. Australia’s native dung beetles are scrub and woodland dwellers, specializing in coarse marsupial droppings and avoiding the soft cattle dung in which bush flies and buffalo flies breed.In the early 1960s George Bornemissza, then a scientist at the Australian Government’s premier research organization, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetles should be introduced to Australia to control dung – breeding flies. Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different of climatic zones in Australia. Of the 26 species that are known to have become successfully integrated into the local environment, only one, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary.Introducing dung beetles into a pasture is a simple process: approximately 1,500 beetles are released, a handful at a time, into fresh cow pats in the cow pasture. The beetles immediately disappear beneath the pats digging and tunnelling and, if they successfully adapt to their new environment, soon become a permanent, self – sustaining part of the local ecology. In time they multiply and within three or four years the benefits to the pasture are obvious.Yes if the statement reflects the claims of the writerNo if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNot Given if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 Bush flies are easier to control than buffalo flies.2 Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CSIRO3 Dung beetles were brought to Australia by the CSIRO over a fourteen – year period4 At least twenty – six of the introduced species have become established in Australia.5 The dung beetles cause an immediate improvement to the quality of a cow pasture.总结段落理解知识大集锦主题句的作用：1）阅读文章的首段＋各段主题句可以把握文章的行文脉络与文章的结构2）可以解决list of heading 题3）帮助后面的题型定位4）分辨出主要信息和次要信息扩展句的作用：1）帮助确认主题句2）扩展句可以略读3）扩展句可以确认考点信息总结主题句的位置：段一句：1）大多数情况下在段首；2）当第二句是明显的举例与扩展句时。

雅思阅读讲义ppt课件

引出问题问题原因问题发展问题的过程原理问题的影响问题的解决方法方法局限性展望问题解决的前景身份特点事业发展功绩对人物不同的看法影响人们对人物的认可起因试验者介绍试验目的试验方法过程结果体现的问题结论进一步试验的需要10目录试题常见陷阱与分析11试题拆解与攻略multiplechoice单选多选文章大意选择identifyinginformation判断identifyingwritersreview判断matchinginformation段落内容匹配matchingheadings段落大意配对matchingfeatures分类匹配名称匹配matchingsentenceending句子完成因果匹配sentencecompletion原文填空选词填空summarynotetableflowchartcompletiondiagramlabelcompletion图表shortanswerquestions简答12试题拆解与攻略相似信息匹配缺损信息定位匹配度删选选择题句子完成填空段落大意匹配分类匹配summary填空段落内容匹配图表题简答题流程图判断题13试题拆解与攻略根据出题句判断题目的答案14试题拆解与攻略overpast40yearsmosthaveabandonednomadicwayssettled
阅读的词汇量要求最大，熟练度较低
3
雅思阅读考试与题型分析
听力结束后开始，1小时时间阅读量：3篇文章，共2000-2750词文章来源：报纸，书籍，杂志，学术期刊。至少一篇议论文假设口语速度为125 Words/分钟，仅仅看完以上3篇文章就需要20
分钟+，所以没有必要把文章读完再做题。
雅思阅读—模板法
Lesson 1 简介
1
目录
雅思阅读考试与题型分析试题拆解与攻略试题常见陷阱与分析2雅思阅读考试与题型分析

《雅思阅读技巧》PPT课件

•
• 专项练习：1， 7, 24,27
3. 3. 题干是原文的归纳与总结， A,B,C→D (D=A, B, C)
• 原文：More doctors turned to alternative therapists.
• • • • • • •
Finance is part of the incentive 题目： Alternative doctors make good money. Alternative:所有中文解释都是什么“替换”、“二中选一的备选方案”英文解释三个 1.one that can be used instead of another one 2. less damaging or more effective than the old one. 3. not based on traditional， social or moral standard 在这道题里面用了第三个意思，翻译成“另类的，非传统的” 专项练习：20
• 原文：The explosion in demand for
accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbourne suggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live. • 题目：In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer layers. • 专项练习3， 17, 26，28，30
3.多样 V/S 唯一原文提供了多种可能而题干仅限制了一种，多伴随绝对词
• 多样： various / varied / variety /different /

雅思55基础课程阅读讲义ielts55reading

雅思5.5基础阅读课程讲义UNIT 1 Education (3)UNIT 2 Food (5)UNIT 3 Health (7)UNIT 4 Media (10)Locating Information (14)UNIT 5 Practice 1 (18)UNIT 6 Advertising (20)UNIT 7 Learning to Speak (28)Summary Completion (30)UNIT 8 The Environment (30)Short Answers (33)UNIT 9 Sponsorship in Sport (33)UNIT 10 Practice 2 (38)Flowchart-Timeline Completion (39)UNIT 11 Transport (40)UNIT 12 Travel (47)UNIT 13 Technology (54)Labelling a Diagram (56)Unit14 Money (57)UNIT 15 Practice 3 (64)Multiple Choice (65)Labelling a Diagram (69)UNIT 17 Social Issues (70)IELTS Type Questions: Reading: for Details and for Main Ideas (72)Table Completion (72)UNIT 20 Practice 4 (77)Note Completion (79)UNIT 1 EducationEducation over the past 100 yearsAThe education of our young people is one of the most important aspects of any community, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and unspoken beliefs of society. These ideas change as local customs and attitudes change, and these changes are reflected in the curriculum, teaching and assessment methods and the expectations of how both students and teachers should behave.词汇讲解：curriculum n. 教学大纲；reflect v. 反映；反射；assessment n. 评价；BTeaching in the late 1800s and early 1900s was very different from today. Rules for teachers at the time in the USA covered both the teacher's duties and their conduct out of class as well. Teachers at that time were expected to set a good example to their pupils and to behave in a very virtuous and proper manner. Women teachers should not marry, nor s hould they ‘keep company with men.' They had to wear long dresses and no bright colours and they were not permitted to dye their hair. They were not allowed to loiter downtown in an ice cream store, and women were not allowed to go out in the evenings unless to a school function, although men were allowed one evening a week to take their girlfriends out if they went to church regularly. No teachers were allowed to drink alcohol. They were allowed to read only good books such as the Bible, and they were given a pay increase of 25c a week after five years of work for the local school.词汇讲解：manner n. 行为守则；be expected to：被预期…表示将来时：be expected tobe predicted tobe perspective toCAs well as this long list of ‘dos' and ‘don'ts,' teachers had certain duties to perform each day. In country schools, teachers were required to keep the coal bucket full for the classroom fire, and to bring a bucket of water each day for the children to drink. They had to make the pens for their students to write with and to sweep the floor and keep the classroom tidy. However, despite this list of duties, little was stipulated about the content of the teaching, nor about assessment methods. DTeachers would have been expected to teach the three ‘r’s—reading, writing and arithmetic,and to teach the children about Christianity and read from the Bible every day. Education in those days was much simpler than it is today and covered basic literacy skills and religious education. They would almost certainly have used corporal punishment such as a stick or the strap on naughty or unruly children, and the children would have sat together in pairs in long rows in the classroom. They would have been expected to sit quietly and to do their work, copying long rows of letters or doing basic maths sums. Farming children in country areas would have had only a few years of schooling and would probably have left school at 12 or 14 years of age to join their parents in farm work.词汇讲解：arithmetic：算数；literacy：文学，阅读；religious：宗教的；discrimination：歧视；religious discrimination：宗教歧视。

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雅思55基础课程阅读讲义ielts55reading

雅思55基础课程阅读讲义ielts55reading

刘洪波雅思阅读真经内部讲义中