英文书写知识Word版
英语规范书写
英语规范书写自从三月份推广这个英语规范书写之后，我们乡镇和我们学校也积极的响应。
我们教研员在动员我们的时候说：“一切教育都归结为养成学生良好的学习习惯，往往自己的幸福都归结于自己的习惯。
”小学阶段的英语教学是启蒙性教学。
启蒙时期学习的东西，给人的印象最深刻，形成的习惯最难以改变，甚至对一生都有重要影响。
英语字母书写是小学生的一个薄弱环节，尤其是我们农村小学。
估计很多城区老师都想象不到我们农村三四五六年级也有包班这种现象发生，很多英语老师都是半路出家的和尚。
我们镇所有学校都是语文老师带英语或数学老师带英语。
以前我是在中学当老师，学生的字母那是各种各样的写法都有，不是好看不好看，而是本身的笔画笔顺就是错误的，无论怎样纠正和强调都改不过来。
我印象很深刻的是大概2008年左右吧，我看邻居家的孩子在写英语作业，那个i和y的写法，我说：“你写错了。
”我让他改，他说：“我要写成那，老师光撕我的作业。
”我也比较好管闲事，一个村的，我就去跟老师说。
老师说这样好写，学生们写着快又顺手，我就把我们中学英语课本上的手写体拿给他看。
不过后来好像老师也要求学生纠正过来了。
所以习惯和兴趣的养成比知识的传授更重要。
不过这几年应该好很多，至少学校都有专业英语老师了。
书写要求学生有良好的书写习惯，能在四线格上正确、熟练、清楚地书写字母、单词、句子，并做到大小写、笔顺、词距、标点等正确、规范。
我们学校练习书写前要求学生必须朗诵一个口诀：句首字母要大写，单词之间要空格，人名地名国家名，首字母大写要记清，英语句号是个点，逗号问号不用变。
就是让孩子们把它印在脑子里。
小学阶段的书写对学生以后的书写会产生重要的影响。
具有良好的书写习惯是小学英语教学的重要内容之一。
英语学习习惯的养成主要是靠教师的细心引导。
我们身为英语启蒙老师，对待小学英语学习的基础——书写教学，应当有计划地、有步骤、有方法地对学生进行训练，为他们进入高一层次的英语学习打下坚实的基础。
(word完整版)26个英文字母书写格式
26个英文字母书写______ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ __________ ______ ____ __________ ______________ ________________ ___________ __ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ____________ _ ______________ ________________ ____________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ 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______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______ ______________ ________________ ___________ ___ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ___________________________ ______________ ________________ _____________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ___________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ___________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ___________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ____________________________ ______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ ______________小学英语26个字母标准书写要求1、斜度:每个字母都要稍向右斜约10°左右，斜度要一致.2、大写字母的书写规格是：上不顶天下立地。
英语书写格式MicrosoftWord文档
英语书写格式一、26个字母的书写1、大写字母占上两格，写的时候要注意顶第一线，坐第三线。
2、小写字母：acemnorsuvwxz占中间一格；b dhklt占上两格（注意要顶第一线，坐第三线）；gpqy占下两格（注意顶第二线，坐第四线）；i占上面一格半，j占两格半。
3、字母具体书写笔顺。
(详见附页)二、行款格式英文作文的行款格式有以下三点。
1．四边的距离在书写时，上下左右要留有一定的空白距离。
2. 题目的写法题目应写在第一行的中间，题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。
题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。
从第二个单词起，其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写，而冠词、介词和连词的第一个字母则一般小写。
如：A Day to RememberLet's Go in for Sports题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个字母全部用大写。
如：My Life As Factory WorkerA Walk Under The Rain写题目不要用括号或引号。
题目后除了问号和感叹号之外，不加其它标点符号。
3．文章本体文章第一段的第一行应与题目隔一行或两行。
每段的开头一般应该缩格；即向右缩进约四个字母的间隔；单词与单词之间须留一个字母的间隔，句与句之间须留两个字母的间隔。
假若每行的最后一个单词写不下，最好不要轻易拆字移行，可将该单词移到后一行去书写。
书写时，不要因为一行末尾还有一点空间就把一个词的前半截硬塞在那里，造成非移行不可的局面。
实际上，移行过多是书写、打字或排印质量不高的表现。
不必过分地去追求右边的整齐，宁可多空一些，每行长短错落，要比移行过多看上去舒服。
三、标点符号英语的标点符号与汉语的标点符号在形式上与使用上大同小异。
学生容易疏忽的地方，大致有以下几处：1．英语句号是实心点，而不是小圆圈，如果英语的句号也和汉语一样，则容易和字母“o”相混淆。
水泵英文知识
水泵英文知识Here is a 1,000+ word essay on the topic of water pumps in English:Water pumps are an essential piece of equipment in a wide range of industries and applications. They play a crucial role in transporting and distributing water, and their use spans everything from residential plumbing to large-scale industrial operations. Understanding the basic principles and key components of water pumps is essential for those working in fields that rely on this vital technology.At the heart of a water pump is a rotating impeller, which is responsible for creating the suction and pressure that moves the water through the system. As the impeller spins, it draws water into the pump and forces it out through the discharge port. The speed and power of the impeller, along with the pump's design and size, determine the overall flow rate and pressure capabilities of the system.One of the primary factors that influences a water pump's performance is the type of impeller used. There are several different impeller designs, each with its own advantages and drawbacks.Centrifugal impellers, for example, are the most common type and are known for their high flow rates and relatively low maintenance requirements. Positive displacement impellers, on the other hand, are better suited for applications that require high pressure, such as in hydraulic systems or high-pressure cleaning equipment.Another crucial component of a water pump is the casing, which surrounds the impeller and helps to direct the flow of water through the system. The casing design can have a significant impact on the pump's efficiency and performance, with features such as volutes and diffuser vanes helping to optimize the water flow and minimize turbulence.The motor or engine that powers the water pump is also a critical element, as it determines the overall speed and torque of the impeller. Electric motors are the most common choice for water pumps, as they are relatively inexpensive, easy to maintain, and can be easily integrated into automated control systems. However, in some applications, such as remote or off-grid locations, diesel or gasoline-powered engines may be the preferred option.One of the key considerations when selecting a water pump is the specific application and the demands it will place on the system. Factors such as the required flow rate, pressure, and lift height, as well as the properties of the fluid being pumped (e.g., temperature,viscosity, and chemical composition), all play a role in determining the appropriate pump design and configuration.For example, a water pump used in a residential plumbing system might need to deliver a relatively low flow rate at moderate pressure, while a pump used in a large-scale industrial process might need to handle high volumes of water at much greater pressures. Similarly, a water pump used to transfer corrosive or abrasive fluids would need to be constructed from materials that can withstand those harsh conditions.In addition to the pump itself, the overall system design is also crucial for ensuring optimal performance and reliability. This includes factors such as the size and configuration of the piping, the placement and orientation of the pump, and the use of appropriate valves, filters, and other ancillary components.Proper maintenance and servicing of water pumps is also essential for ensuring their long-term reliability and performance. This typically involves regular inspections, lubrication, and replacement of wear components such as seals and bearings. In some cases, more extensive overhauls or rebuilds may be necessary to address more significant issues or to upgrade the pump to meet changing system requirements.Overall, water pumps are a critical piece of technology that play a vital role in a wide range of industries and applications. By understanding the fundamental principles and key components of these systems, engineers, technicians, and operators can ensure that their water pumping systems are designed, installed, and maintained to deliver optimal performance and reliability.。
英语田字格的正确书写
英语田字格的正确书写
英语田字格的正确书写格式如下：
在英语田字格中，每个字母都应有一定的占位，并且要保持一定的倾斜度。
以下是每个字母的具体占位和倾斜度：
1. 小写字母a、c、e等：这些字母都应写在第一、二行的中间位置，倾斜度应在5°左右。
2. 小写字母b、d、h等：这些字母应写在第一行的中间位置，第二行相应位置稍微偏下，倾斜度应在10°左右。
3. 小写字母i、j、k等：这些字母应写在第一行的中间位置，第二行相应位置稍微偏上，倾斜度应在10°左右。
4. 小写字母f、g、y等：这些字母应写在第一行的中间位置，第二行相应位置稍微偏下，倾斜度应在20°左右。
5. 大写字母A、B、C等：这些字母应写在第一行的中间位置，第二行相应位置稍微偏上，倾斜度应在10°左右。
6. 大写字母M、N、O等：这些字母应写在第一行的中间位置，第二行相应位置稍微偏下，倾斜度应在10°左右。
7. 大写字母P、Q、R等：这些字母应写在第一行的中间位置，第二行相应位置稍微偏上，倾斜度应在15°左右。
以上是英语田字格的正确书写格式，遵循这些规则可以帮助您写出整洁、规范的英语手写体。
(完整word版)pep六年级上册英语-各单元知识点总结
Unit 1 How can I get there?一、重点单词和短语（1）science museum科学博物馆post office邮局bookstore书店cinema电影院hospital医院restaurant餐馆bank银行bus stop公交车站lake湖library图书馆crossing十字路口school学校park公园garden花园hotel旅馆zoo动物园（2）turn left向左转turn right向右转go straight直走near在…附近next to紧挨着/ 与…相邻far from 离…远behind在…后面in front of在…前面between…and…在…和…之间二、按要求写单词hot(反义词)cold cool(反义词)warm too（同音词）to/twosea(同音词）see can not(缩写)can't right(反词）left/wrongbuy（同音词)by/bye first(基数词)one four（序数词）fourthdid （原形)do /does three(序数词）third三、重点句型分析1. Where is the museum shop? 2。
It’s near the park.3。
How can we get there？询问“怎样去某地”Turn left at the bookstore. Then turn right at the hospital。
5。
Is the hospital far from here? Yes, it is。
/ No，it isn't。
Unit 2 Ways to go to school一、重点单词和短语on foot步行by bus =take a bus乘公交车by plane乘飞机by ship乘船by taxi 乘出租车by subway 乘地铁by train乘火车by bike骑自行车slow down 慢下来stop and wait停下来等pay attention to注意cross the road横穿马路traffic light通信号灯at home在家look right向右看look at朝…看play with和…一起玩二、按要求写单词go (反义词）come foot（复数）feet child(复数）childrenearly(反义词）late good（反义词）bad take（反义词）bringslow（反义词）quick/fast go（过去式）went do（过去式）diddo（第三人称单数) does go(第三人称单数）goessame 相同的（反义词）different不同的miss（过去式）missedwrong 错误（反义词）right正确can（否定形式)can’t三、重点句型分析1。
【英语】英语总复习∶中考英语书面表达(提高)知识讲解及答案(word)
【英语】英语总复习∶中考英语书面表达(提高)知识讲解及答案（word）一、中考英语书面表达（含答案详细解析）1．书面表达地球是我们的家园，我们作为地球的主人，就应该好好保护地球。
现在正在倡导“低碳”生活，只要我们不污染地球的环境，不浪费地球的能源，就能够让我们的周围变得更绿，生活变得更美好。
作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？谈谈你的想法。
内容应该包括以下几点：1. 节约用水、用电；2. 节约纸张，循环使用旧课本，保护森林；3. 节约粮食，在更多的土地上种树；4. 不乱丢杂物，保护环境；要求：短文中不得出现真实的校名和人名；80词左右提示词：the greenhouse gases lifestyle 低碳生活方式How does our earth turn better?The earth is our home. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If everyone can make a contribution to our earth, the lift we are living will be better and better.【答案】How does our earth turn better?The earth is our home. We should protect our earth as the owner. But how to live in the greenhouse gases lifestyle?I think as a middle school student, we should save the resources around us, such as the water, the electricity and so on. When you wash, can you close down the water? Can you turn off the lights when you left the classroom? I think saving paper is necessary. All the used text books should be recycled. Thus, less trees won't be cut down again. If we can save more food, the peasants will plant more trees on their farm. Don't throw litter everywhere, it will pollute our environment.If everyone can make a contribution to our earth, the lift we living will be better and better.【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如how to do，live in，around us， such as，as a middle school student，and so on，close down the water，turn off the lights，cut down，make a contribution to our earth，pollute our environment，better and better等。
(完整word版)闽教英语四年级上册(知识点汇总)
rhats=that is那是（可能出现在填空题）
3
ShesfromTaiwan.
她来自台湾
（Dshe*s=she is（可能出现在填空ffi）：2Tarwan地名、国家名首字母大写
4
Whichdass are you in?
你在哪个班级？
5
This isour playground.
X我们的搽场
他们有几头猪？19头
3
How much is two and three ?
2+3= ?英语中加法用plus, and或add表示
4
Two and three is live.
2+3=5
U4 Numbers and Time
序号
语句
意思
注意要点
1
It's ninethirty・It's ninefifty.
你什么时候吃早餐二
Unit5Daily Activities
序号
语句
意思
注意要点
1
Whendo you get up?
I get upatsix fort)e-five.=At six forty-five.
你什么时候起床？ 我在六点四+五分起床
表达在某个具体时间点.用介词ar
2
Whendo you have breakfast^
6
Wow.somanybooks!
哇.这么多书！
so many*名词复数。如:so many computers so many potatoes
啟点句空与语法
1
Who s that girl ?
那个女孩是谁？
中秋节知识英文介绍(英文版)word资料5页
The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival, the third and last festival for the living, was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox. Many referred to it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon". In the Western calendar, the day of the festival usually occurred sometime between the second week of September and the secondweek ofOctober.This day was also considered a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. With delinquent accounts settled prior to the festival , it was a time for relaxation and celebration. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, pomegranates , melons, oranges and pomelos might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes, cooked taro, edible snails from the taro patches or rice paddies cooked with sweet basil, and water caltrope, a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods, it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival.The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter andone and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds, lotus seeds, almonds, minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard. A golden yolk from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year," that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary moon.OriginThe Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon (called xi yue in Chinese) can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066 B.C.-221 B.C.), people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival sets in. It becomes very prevalent in the Tang Dynasty(618-907 A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion. When it becomes dark, they look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming (1368-1644 A.D. ) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911A.D.), thecustom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However, the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home, and extending all of their best wishes to them.Moon CakesThere is this story about the moon-cake. during the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1280-1368) China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1280) were unhappy at submitting to the foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon caked was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attached and overthrew the government. Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend and was called theMoon Cake.For generations, moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans, lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates, wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of the rich tasting dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes which are served in the English holiday seasons.Nowadays, there are hundreds varieties of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of Moon Festival.Different Celebrated FormsFor thousands of years, the Chinese people have related the vicissitudes of life to changes of the moon as it waxes and wanes; joy and sorrow, parting and reunion. Because the full moon is round and symbolizes reunion, the Mid-Autumn Festival is also known as the festival of reunion. All family members try to get together on this special day. Those who can not return home watch the bright moonlight and feel deep longing for their loved ones.Today,festivities centered about the Mid-Autumn Festival are more varied. After a family reunion dinner, many people like to go out to attend special perfomances in parks or on public squares. People in different parts of China have different ways to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. In Guangzhou in South China, a huge lanternshow is a big attraction for local citizens. Thousands of differently shaped lanterns are lit, forming a fantastic contrast with the bright moonlight.In East Chia's Zhejiang Province, watching the flood tide of the Qian-tang River during the Mid-Autumn Festival is not only a must for local peple, but also an attraction for those from other parts of the country. The ebb and flow of tides coincide with the waxing and waning of the moon as it exerts a strong gravitational pull. In mid autumn, the sun, earth and moon send out strong gravitational forces upon the seas. The outh of the Qiantang River is shaped lik a bugle. So the flood tide which forms at the narrow mouth is particularly impressive. Spectators crowd on the river bank,watching the roaring waves. At its peak, the tide rises as high as three and a half meters.希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：1、有志者自有千计万计，无志者只感千难万难。
英文书写规范
书 名 、刊 名 、专 利 名 、专 利 国 别 、专 利 文 献 种 类 均 排 斜 体 ；拉 丁 学 名 ；用 英 文 字 母 代 表 的 物 理 量 ，例 如 ：m(质 量 )、F(力 )、 p(压 力 )、 W(功 )、 v(速 度 )、 Q (热 量 )、 E(电 场 强 度 )等 ； 无 量 纲 参 数 ， 例 如 ： Mα (马 赫 数 )、 Re (雷 诺 数 )等 ； 正 文 中 用 于 表 示重点句的用斜体。
（一）字母书写的规格
1）书写的规格
（1）应按照字母的笔顺和字母在三格中应占的位置书写。 （2）每个字母都应稍向右倾斜，约为 5°，斜度要一致。
（3）大写字母都应一样高，占上面两格，但不顶第一线。
（4）小写字母 a，c，e，m，n，o，r，s，u，v，w，x，z 写在中间的一格里，上下抵线，但都不出格。 （5）小写字母 b，d，h，k，l 的上端顶第一线，占上面两格。 （6）小写字母 i 和 j 的点、f 和 t 的上端都在第一格中间，f 和 t 的第二笔紧贴在第二线下。 （7）小写字母 f g j p q y 的下端抵第四线。 （8）小写字母 a，d，h，i，k，l，m，n，t 和 u，它们的提笔是一个上挑的小圆钩，不能写成锐角。 （9）书写单词时，字母与字母之间的间隔要均匀、适当，不要凑得过紧，也不要离得太远。
一、总体要求
要 求 英 语 语 言 较 为 地 道 、通 顺 、简 练 ，语 法 正 确，符 合 英 语 表 达 习 惯 ，专 业 术 语 规 范 、准 确 。外 文 页 所 有 字 体 均为 Ti me s Ne w Roman ， 要 在 英 文 状 态 输 入 法 下 输 入 ， 注 意 标 点 符 号 是 英 文 的 。 请 结 合 所 给 模 版 认 真 体 会 。 本 说 明 未 尽 事 项 ， 请 查阅相关规定。
(完整word版)英语书法
英文书写第一节概述英文字母共26个, 它的书写比汉字简单得多, 也容易得多, 但是, 任何一门艺术都有自己的规律和要求。
学习任何一门艺术都是分层次、按阶段, 日臻完善, 渐入佳境的。
学习英文书写也是如此。
初学者必须熟悉字体的形式、组合和比例, 熟悉基本笔画、笔顺和运笔方法。
在此基础上, 再熟悉大小写字母的配合及连写。
只有这样扎扎实实地练好书写基本功, 才能写出优美、流畅的英文字。
一、字母规格英文字母的规格分上中下三部分, 可用四条平行线来分割, 这就是我们平时用的三格练习薄。
最上面的一条线称为顶线, 是字母书写的上边沿。
第二条线称为主体线, 是小写字母主体的上边沿。
第三条线称为基准线, 是大多数大写字母和无下伸部分的小写字母的下边沿。
第四条线称为底线, 是字母下伸部分的下边沿。
我们把第一条线和第二条线之间的区域称为上伸区, 将第三条线和第四条线之间的区域称为下伸区, 最中间的区域称为主体区（如图2-1所示）顶线上伸区主体线主体区基准线下伸区底线图2-1二、字母结构任何字母形式都可以简化成基本骨架, 体现出每个字母的基本结构。
从几何图形来说, 英文字母可分为方、圆、三角三种（如H、O、A）, 其整体的外形多为长方形, 个别字母为正方形（如M、W）；从结构来说, 可以分为单结构（如O、D）和双结构（如B）两类。
字母表中的大写字母严格以书写线为准, 高度相同。
小写字母, 除了字母的基本高度, 还有笔画的上伸和下伸部分。
小写字母有较多的结构特征和形式。
字母内部的空间有十分重要的协调比例的作用。
这是从美学角度来考虑字母整体形状的。
例如大写字母A, A中间的横道固定在一点上, 使内三角和字母底部的空间保持平稳, 给人以劲健舒展的感觉, 让人看着美观。
三、字母形体比例字母的比例就是高度和宽度的固定关系。
字母的形体都有一定的比例。
不同的字母有着不同的宽度。
一般来说, 字母的比例本身应给人以美感。
字母表中所有字母都应统一于一个合理的比例系统。
26个英文字母手写体书写示例和笔顺
26个英文字母手写体书写示例和笔顺一、Aa1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先写横线，再向上画三角形。
二、Bb1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画两个竖线，再连成一个圆弧。
三、Cc1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画半个圆，再加一条划线。
四、Dd1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条直线，再画半个圆。
五、Ee1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条横线，再画两条竖线。
六、Ff1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条横线，再画一条竖线。
七、Gg1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一个半圆，再画一条直线。
八、Hh1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画两条竖线，再画一条横线。
九、Ii1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条竖线。
十、Jj1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条横线，再画一个小圈。
十一、Kk1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条斜线，再画一条竖线。
十二、Ll1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条竖线，再画一条横线。
十三、Mm1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画两条斜线，再画一条横线。
十四、Nn1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画两条斜线，再画一条竖线。
十五、Oo1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一个圆。
十六、Pp1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条横线，再画一个半圆。
十七、Qq1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一个圆，再画一个小尾巴。
十八、Rr1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条竖线，再画一个斜线。
十九、Ss1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一个弧线，再画一个反向的弧线。
二十、Tt1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条横线，再画一条竖线。
二十一、Uu1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画一条竖线，再画一个圆。
二十二、Vv1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画两条斜线相交。
二十三、Ww1. 手写体示例：2. 笔顺说明：先画两条斜线相交，再画一条横线。
英语写作手册-英文版-知识点(word文档物超所值)
Part OneManuscript FormYou should do everything - writing the title, leaving margins, indenting, capitalizing.Ⅰ. Arrangement排版Write the title in the middle of the first line. Capitalize the first and last words of the title and all other words(including words following hyphens in compound words) except articles, coordinating conjunctions(and, or, but, nor, for), prepositions, and the to in infinitives.Indent the first line of every paragraph, leaving a space of about four or five letters.Ⅱ. Word Division移行The general principle is to divide a word according to its syllables. Pay attention to the following:One-syllable words like through, march, brain and pushed cannot be divided. Do not write one letter of a word at the end or at the beginning of a line, even if that one letter makes up a syllable, such as a. lone, trick. y.Do not put a two-letter syllable at the beginning of a line, like hat. ed, cab. in. Avoid separating proper names of people or places, like Chi. na, Aus. ten.Divide hyphenated words only at the hyphen: father-in-law, empty-handed. Do not divide words in a way that may mislead the reader: pea. cock, re. ally.Do not divide the last word on a page. Instead, write the whole word on the next page.Divide words with prefixes or suffixes between the prefix or suffix and the base part of the word: re. state. ment, un. relent. ing.Divide two-syllable words with double consonants between the two consonants: strug. gle, shat. ter.Dividing words is not always easy. When in doubt, consult a dictionaryⅢ. Capitalization大写Capitals are used mainly at three places: the first words of sentences, key words in titles, and proper names.Ⅳ. Punctuation标点V. Handwriting书法Write carefully so that your handwriting can be read easily.Part TwoDiction措词Ⅰ. Levels of Words词的类型The words that are often used may be divided, from a stylistic point of view, into three types: formal, common, and informal.Formal words may also be called learned words, or literary words, or "big" words. They mainly appear in formal writing, most of them are seldom used in daily conversation, except for special purposes.those that people use every day, and appear in all kinds of writing., they are called common words.There are words which are mainly used in informal or familiar conversation. They seldom appear in formal writing, and in literary works their main use is to record people's thoughts and dialogues. They are usually short words of one or two syllables and most of them are of Saxon origin We may call them informal wordsSlang words are highly informal; they may be vivid and interesting, but they may, when used inappropriately, make the writer or speaker sound offensive or funnyⅡ. The Meaning of Words词义The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative. A word's denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary; its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it.Ⅲ. General and Specific Words泛指词和特指词Specific words help to make writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking, for they are more informative and expressive than general words.Ⅳ. Idioms习语An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the words that form it.Idioms are frequently used in speech and writing. They help to make one's language sound natural and idiomatic.Ⅴ. Figures of Speech修辞Words used in their original meanings are used literally, while words used in extended meanings for the purpose of making comparisons or calling up pictures in the reader's or listener's mind are used figuratively.1. Simile明喻It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like.2. Metaphor暗喻It is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality.3. Personification拟人It is to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities. In poetry personification is very common:In prose personification is also used, though not so often as in poetry.4. Metonymy转喻It is substituting the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.5. Synecdoche提喻When a part is substituted for the whole or the whole is substituted for a part, synecdoche is applied6. Euphemism委婉语It is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one.7. Irony反语It is the use of words which are clearly opposite to what is meant, in order to achieve a special effect.8. Overstatement and understatement夸大和缩小In overstatement the diction exaggerates the subject, and in understatement the words play down the magnitude or value of the subject. Overstatement is also called hyperbole.Both aim at the same effect: to make the statement or description impressive or interesting.9. Transferred Epithet移位修饰An epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize somebody or something.A transferred epithet is one that is shifted from the noun it logically modifies to a word associated with that noun.10. Oxymoron矛盾修辞法In oxymoron apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce a special effect.11. Alliteration押头韵It refers to the appearance of the same initial consonant sound in two or more words.Alliteration is sometimes used in prose for the same effect - to join two or more related words.Part ThreeThe SentenceⅠ. Complete Sentences and Sentence FragmentsA grammatically complete sentence is one that contains at least a subject and a predicate (or finite) verb; if the verb is transitive, there must be an object; if the verb is a link-verb, there must be a predicative or complement:A complete sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.Ⅱ. Types of Sentences1. Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, and Exclamatory SentencesAccording to their use, sentences are declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory. A declarative sentence makes an assertion or a statement.An interrogative sentence asks a question. An imperative sentence expresses a command or a request. An exclamatory sentence expresses a strong feeling or emotion2. Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex SentencesAccording to their structure sentences are simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.A simple sentence has only one subject and one predicate-verb, but it may contain more than one object, attribute or adverbial. A sentence with two or more subjects or predicate-verbsA compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses(or simple sentences) related to each other in meaning, and linked by a coordinatingconjunction (and, but, or, etc.) or by a semicolon without a conjunction. Coordinated ideas should be compatible and roughly equal in importance, or take shape one by one in orderly sequence.A complex sentence contains one main (or principal) clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate)clauses, with a connective word denoting the relation between the two parts. The dependent clause may play the part of a subject, an object, a predicative, an attribute, or an adverbial in the main clause. As a rule, the major idea is expressed in the main clause and the idea or ideas of lesser importance in the subordinate clauses.A compound-complex sentence contains at least two main clauses and at least one dependent clause - a combination of a compound and a complex sentence.Short simple sentences are often used to make emphatic or important statements, such as the first sentence of the first passage and the last two sentences of the second passage.Long complex sentences express complex ideas clearly and accurately.3. Loose, Periodic, and Balanced SentencesFrom a rhetorical point of view, sentences are loose, periodic, or balanced. A loose sentence puts the main idea before all supplementary information; The reverse arrangement makes a periodic sentence: the main idea is expressed at or near the end of it, and it is not grammatically complete until the end is reached. The reader does not know what it is mainly about until he finishes reading it.Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct; periodic sentences are more complex, emphatic, formal, or literary.When a sentence contains two or more parts of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with parallel constructions.Such parallel sentences are emphatic and forceful. When a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence.Balanced sentences are impressive because of the contrast, and pleasing to hear because of the rhythm. They are mainly used in formal writing, like expository and argumentative prose, and speeches.4. Short and Long SentencesShort sentences are usually emphatic, whereas long sentences are capable of expressing complex ideas with precision, because it may contain many modifiers. Short sentences are suitable for the presentation of important facts and ideas, and long sentences for the explanation of views and theories, or the description of things with many details.Various sentence structures have been discussed. The basic principle is that the structure should fit the idea being expressed. In other words, the idea determines the choice of the structure, not the other way round.Ⅲ. Effective Sentences1. UnityUnity is the first quality of an effective sentence. A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought.2. CoherenceCoherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts.3. ConcisenessA sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea is fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better.Repetition is sometimes necessary for emphasis, but unnecessary repetition, either of the same words or of different words with the same meaning, should be avoided. Conciseness can sometimes be achieved by changing the sentence structure.4. Emphasis(1) Emphatic SentencesSentences may be emphasized in the following ways:Short sentences.Sentence fragments. They are also called one-member sentences.Inverted sentences. They are emphatic because their unusual word order draws the reader's attention.Parallel constructions and balanced sentences.Periodic sentences. Their climactic word order makes them emphatic.Imperative and exclamatory sentences. They are naturally emphatic:Rhetorical questions.They are questions in form but emphatic statements in meaning.Negative-positive statements.They first point out what is not the truth, and then what is. The contrast makes them emphaticSentences with repeated words or phrases. The repetition gives emphasis to such sentences.(2) Emphasis within the SentenceVarious ways can be used to achieve emphasis within the sentence.Placing. The beginning and the end, especially the end, of a sentence are the two places that attract the reader's attention.Repetition. Unnecessary repetition adds nothing new to the meaning of a sentence; therefore it should be avoided. in a proper context repeating a word or an idea in different words may be a means of emphasis.The verb and the active voice.When describing actions, one had better use verbs instead of nouns denoting actions, for verbs are generally more vivid and emphatic than nouns.Subordination.This means putting a minor idea in a dependent element of the sentence so as to give the main idea a prominent position.Emphatic words and phrases.There are words and phrases that may be used to emphasize other words.Alliteration. It means the appearance of the same consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words, like "busy as a bee".5. VarietyBut variety is not to be sought for its own sake. The structure and length of sentences are primarily determined by the ideas to be expressed.Part FourThe ParagraphA paragraph is a unit of thought. A long paragraph expresses a complex idea, and a short one makes a major transition, an emphatic statement, or a summary.Ⅰ. Effective ParagraphsA paragraph is like a mini-essay; it should be unified, coherent and well development.1. UnityUnity of a paragraph is concerned with its content. If all the sentences in the paragraph lead to one central theme, the paragraph is unified. The central theme is usually summarized in what is called the topic sentence. It often appears at the beginning of the paragraph; however, it may also be found in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Sometimes, the topic sentence is not stated explicitly but is implied.2. CoherenceCoherence of a paragraph is concerned with its form,or its organization.The sentences in a paragraph should be arranged in a clear, logical order,and the transitions should be smooth and natural.3. TransitionThe following ways may help the writer to produce a fluent paragraph:A. Using parallel structures;B. Repeating words or word groups;C. Using pronouns to refer to nouns in preceding sentences;D. Being consistent in the person and number of nouns and pronouns, and the tense of verbs.Ⅱ. Ways of Developing Paragraphs1. Planning a ParagraphParagraphs need to be planned. First, think of the topic or theme or main idea, and express it in a complete sentence (topic sentence). Then think of the details or examples or facts that may be used to support or explain the main idea. Work out an outline to arrange them in logical order, and you have a rough plan of the paragraph.2. Development by TimeIn telling a story or recounting an event, the easiest and clearest way is to describe things in order of time: earlier things are mentioned before later things, the first thing first and the last thing last. This method is also called chronological sequencing.3. Development by ProcessWhen you have to explain how something is done, you usually follow a chronological sequence and give a step-by-step description.4. Development by SpaceBefore we begin to describe a place, we have to decide on the order in which to name the different parts or details. For this we should find out the space relationships between them and arrange our description accordingly.5. Development by Example or GeneralizationSupporting a topic sentence with examples or illustrations makes a general statement specific and easy to understand.There are two pattern of arrangement of details (or examples) in a paragraph: the general-to-specific or the specific-to-the generalDetails or examples are usually arranged in climactic order: the least important comes first, followed by others in order of increasing importance.6. Development by Comparison and ContrastStrictly speaking, a comparison points out the similarities between two things of the same thing, while a contrast, the differences between them. There are two major ways of organizing paragraphs of comparison and contrast. One way is to examine one thing thoroughly and then examine the other. In this way, the aspects examined in the two things should be identical and in the same order. This method is called block comparison or block contrast. The other way is to examine two things at the same time, discussing them point by point. This method is called alternating comparison or alternating contrast.Alternating contrast is used when you want to point out several differences between two things or people without discussing them in great detail. You merely point out a special feature of one item and then state how the other item differs from it in that aspect.Block comparison is suitable when the writer wants to treat points of similarity in depth. In this way each point is drawn out and its relationship to another point is made clear. This type of comparison is often used when the points of similarity discussed are not many but complex, and require much explanation.There is a special form of comparison -analogy.Analogy is tracing a striking likeness between unlike things.Analogies are especially helpful in explaining abstract ideas, for they relate ideas that cannot be experienced through the senses of sight, smell, hearing, touch, or taste, to a sense experience, thus making the ideas easy to understand.7. Development by Cause and EffectSound reasoning or logic is naturally the most important quality of any causal analysis. There are two basic ways of organizing paragraphs developed by cause and effect. The first method is to state an effect and devote the rest of the paragraph to examining the causes. The second method is to state a cause and then mention or predict the effects.8. Development by ClassificationTo classify is to sort things into categories according to their characteristics. Essential to a good classification is parallelism.9. Development by DefinitionThere are three basic ways to define a word or term: to give a synonym, to use a sentence (often with an attributive clause), and to write a paragraph or even an essay.When we give a definition, we should observe certain principles.First, we should avoid circular definitions.Second, we should avoid long lists of synonyms if the term to be defined is an abstract one.Third, we should avoid loaded definitions. Loaded definitions do not explain terms but make an immediate appeal for emotional approval.10. Development by a Combination of MethodsWriters may find it necessary to use a combination of methods in order to present their ideas in an impressive and convincing manner.Part FiveThe Whole CompositionLike a paragraph, a composition must have unity. All the facts and all the ideas in an essay should contribute to the presentation of its thesis or central thought. Proportion is as important to an essay. The essential part of an essay is the body or the middle part. To give this part about seven-or eight-tenths of the total space will be just right. The beginning and the end, though important, have to be short.A good composition should have something interesting and/or important, and if possible ,something new to say, and that this “something” is expressed clearly, accurately and appropriately.Ⅰ. Steps in Writing a Composition1. Planning a CompositionWhen a topic is assigned, first try to think of as many relevant facts .write them down on a piece of paper. At the same time, try to find a proper thesis or theme. The thesis of a composition is its main point or its central idea. It is the conclusion that should be drawn from the facts to be presented in the composition. After that, look at the list of facts again, eliminate those unnecessary or unimportant ones, rearrange them in a logical order, and write an outline.2. Types of OutlinesThere are two commonly used types of outlines: the topic outline and the sentence outline.A topic outline is brief and clear, and it gives an instant overview of the entire paper. A sentence outline, on the other hand, provides a more detailed plan of the paper. Compare the following two outlines for a paper on foreign trade.Rules for writing outlines:(1)Avoid single subdivisions.(2) Avoid mixing types.(3) Use parallel structures for the headings of the same rank. Make sure subheads of like rank are of equal importance and are related to the heading and arranged in logical order.(4) Make sure the thesis is a complete declarative sentence in the affirmative; do not use a question, a phrase or a dependent clause.3. Writing the First Draft4. Revising the First DraftⅠ. Content: Look at the essay / composition as a whole.Ⅱ. Organization: Look at the arrangement of the material.Ⅲ. Sentences:Ⅳ. Diction:Mistakes in grammar spelling, punctuation, and other mechanics, because students are generally mindful of such mistakes.5. Making the Final CopyⅡ. OrganizationMost, if not all, essays are made up of a beginning, a middle, and an end.1.The BeginningThe beginning (the introduction) rouses the reader's interest in and secures his attention to the subject matter of the essay or provides necessary background information.(1) A quotation(2) Figures or statistics(3) A question or several questions(4) The time and place of the event to be described(5) Relevant background material(6) An analogy(7) A definition2. The middleThe middle (the body) gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideas the writer intends to put forth.3. The EndThe end (the conclusion) winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forceful statement to influence the reader's final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.Concluding paragraphs should be short, forceful, substantial,and thought-provoking, made up mainly of restatements or summaries of the points that have been discussed.Ⅲ. Types of Writing1. DescriptionDescription is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.A description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one's senses - sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Not all details are useful. The writer should choose those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described, and leave outthose irrelevant ones, which, if included, would only distract the reader's attention from the main impression the writer wishes to give.(1) Description of a personthe writer should not merely give details of his appearance. try to reveal the person's character, thoughts, and feelings, And it is important to grasp the characteristic features that distinguish him from all other people. Those features that he shares with others can be omitted. Peculiarities and idiosyncrasies of a person, if any, should be included in the description, for they usually impress the reader deeply and give life to the person described.(2) Description of a placePlaces may be described for their own sake, but also for the purpose of revealing the personality and character of a person, or creating a feeling or mood. As in describing a person, in describing a place one should mainly write about the things that make it different from other places.(3) Description of an objectTo describe an object we have to depend on our senses, because we need to mention its size, shape, color, texture, taste, and smell. It is also necessary to tell how it is used if it is useful, and what part it plays in a person's life if it is in some way related to him. But emphasis should be placed on only one aspect of the object, probably its most important characteristic.(4) Description of a sceneA scene is sometimes the main part of an essay, and sometimes only an episode in a long narrative. It usually consists of three basic factors: the setting, the people, and the actions.Again, the writer should try to create a dominant impression when describing a scene.2. NarrationTo narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration often goes hand in hand with description. When one tells a story, one describes its setting and characters. On the other hand, accounts of actions may be necessary to the description of a person or a scene.When planning a narrative, the writer should consider these five aspects: context, selection of details, organization, point of view, and purpose.(1) ContextWhen, where, and to whom the action in a narrative happened is often made clear at the beginning of the narrative. This will provide the reader with a context, or circumstances, to help him understand the whole narrative.(2) Selection of detailsA narrative is made up of details. Only relevant details, or things that contribute to bringing out the main ideas of the narrative, are useful and effective. When selecting details, therefore, the writer should bear in mind his purpose in writing the narrative. (3) OrganizationEvents in a narrative are usually related in chronological order. But it is also possible, and sometimes preferable, to start from the middle or even the end of the story with the event that is most important or most likely to arouse the reader's interest, and then go back to the beginning by using flashbacks. A narrative generally has a beginning, a middle, and an end. The setting may be given in the beginning. The middle (the body) tells the story itself.When the story is clearly told, the narrative comes to a natural end. But sometimes it add one or two paragraphs about the significance of the story or about things that happen afterwards.(4) Point of viewA first-person narrative may be more graphic and lifelike, because it gives the reader the impression that it is what the writer himself has seen or experienced. But the scope of the narrative may be limited, for it is difficult to recount events that happen in different places at the same time. A third-person narrative is free from this limitation, and it may seem more objective,but it is not easy to put in good order things that happen to different people in different places.(5) PurposeThere must be a purpose in telling a story. The writer may want to prove a theory, to illustrate a concept, to praise a virtue, to condemn a vice, etc, he has to choose details and design the plot of his story carefully.3. Expositionmost frequently used by a student, a scientist, or a professional. Exposition means expounding or explaining.We have seen that description mainly deals with appearances and feelings, and narration with events and experiences. While exposition mainly deals with processes and relationships.Things can be explained by illustration, process, classification and division, comparison and contrast,causes and effects, or definition. That is to say, methods which are good for paragraph development are also good for expository essays. The difference lies in scope and proportion.The most important quality of exposition is clarity. To achieve this the writer should: 1) Limit his subject or the scope of discussion, for it is impossible to explain many things clearly in a short essay2) Prepare enough material (details or examples) to help his explanation3) Present his facts and views in proper order, in the order of time or of logical sequence depending on the nature of the subject;4) Pay attention to the accuracy and clarity of words and sentences; avoid ornamental as well as ambiguous expressions;5) Make exposition interesting or moving(1) IllustrationIllustration is the use of example to illustrate a point. It is the most common, and often the most efficient pattern of exposition. Good examples help to clarify a writer's thought by making the general specific, and the abstract concrete. They also add interest and help to persuade or convince the reader.A successful illustration paper depends on1) A wise selection of sufficient examples which are specific and typical, interesting and relevant2) An expert arrangement of these examples - similar or related examples should be grouped together and arranged climactically.(2) Division and ClassificationDivision and classification are two different ways of sorting things out. Division is used to deal with one thing. Its purpose is to separate that thing into parts. Classification, is used to organize things which share certain qualities. Its purpose is to group these things systematically.Division stresses the distinction between things, whereas classification emphasizes the similarities. Division deals with the whole and classification, the parts.The whole is composed of parts, and parts make up the whole; the whole and the parts are closely related.Guidelines of using division or classification:1) Choose an appropriate principle of division / classification suited to your purpose. Things are divided or classified according to the writer's purpose or interests.Be sure that your principle of division / classification is interesting and significant. A division of people according to their weight may be absurd unless you intend to discuss how different categories respond to certain medicine the dosage of which depends on a person's weight.2) Apply your principle consistently and thoroughly, and avoid overlapping. Your categories should be divided according to one principle throughout. Remember one item can belong to only one category.(3) Comparison and ContrastA comparison explains how things are similar(similarities/comparisons), and a contrast, how they are different(differences/ contrasts).When you write a comparison / contrast paper, you explain or clarify for one of the three following purposes:1) To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar;2) To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another; and3) To show the reader of the similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them.When you write a comparison / contrast paper, keep in mind the following principles of selection and development:1) Only items (usually two) of the same general class can be compared / contrasted.2) A comparison / contrast essay usually follows one of these two patterns: the subject-by-subject pattern or the point-by-point pattern.In the subject-by-subject pattern, the writer discusses the various aspects of one item before going on to the other.In the point-by-point pattern, the writer discusses both items under each of the various aspects compared / contrasted.。
[英语小知识大全集]英语小知识(Word可编辑版)
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[英语小知识大全集]英语小知识（最新版）-Word文档，下载后可任意编辑和处理-英语小知识英语小知识（1）：英语的起源英语的起源要追溯到公元5世纪的古英语，它是其最早的雏形。
一向到15世纪才有了标点符号。
我们仍然在使用的城镇（town），是延续至今的最古老的古英语单词。
英语小知识（2）：同一个单词，不一样的意思你可能明白电臀舞（twerk）这个单词是指一种很流行的摇摆舞蹈。
但在16世纪时，twirk（当时中间字母的拼写为i而不是e）是指急促扭转的一种动作。
提到电臀舞，有一些与之相关的现代词汇和俚语，你就应有所了解。
英语小知识（3）：字典里的新词每两个小时就会有一个新词被收入字典之中。
其中包括nerdjacking（用很详细的解释来引导谈话）、undorse（扭转政策局面）和Mx（代替先生（Mr。
）或女士（Ms。
）的一种中性称谓）。
英语小知识（4）：OK的来历Okay可能是除了Yes，No以外在世界上流传最广的英语单词了。
但是，它从何而来呢?历来，语言学家们各执一词。
有人说，okay是印第安人发明的。
有这样一个印第安部落叫Chocktaw，居住在富饶的密西西比山谷中，以种植和捕鱼为生。
每当有问题发生，Chocktaw的领导人们就和部落首领围坐一圈，共同商议，如果有人同意其他人的意见，就点头示意，然后说Okeh，意思为就是这样。
欧洲人初到美洲时，听到了超多的印第安语，并将之发展为英语词汇。
此刻美国的许多城市、河流、山脉，其名称都源于印第安语。
另外还有一种颇具可信度的说法：Okay这个词是在19世纪由一个政治团体发明的。
有一个人叫Martin Van Buren，准备参加总统竞选，他的拥护者成立了一个俱乐部为他做宣传，俱乐部的名称就叫Okay Club，据说O和K两个字母取自于Van Buren的故乡，纽约州的Old Kinderhook，那是他出生的地方。
对一个如此popular的词汇，自然每个人都可能有自我的故事，但是，有一点，相信全世界都会同意：okay是一个纯粹的美语词汇，它是词汇跨越不一样语言的优秀典范。
1.英文钢笔字书写常识
7.英语中没有书名号《 》，书名 一般用引号或斜体表示。如： Yesterday she saw an English film "Gone with the Wind" 8.文章每行的起首除了引号和括 号外，不应书写其它标点，引号和 括号最好标在同一行中。句子较长 时，可以分行标号，但千万不能顾 头不顾尾。
2.字母笔顺规范； 3.字母形体圆润，工整； 4.字母大小均匀； 5.字母倾斜度一致； 6.书写平行整齐；
7.字母，单词和行的间隔适度；
8.标点符号和缩进等符合格式要求。
标点符号 1．英语句号是实心点，而不是小圆圈，如 果英语的句号也和汉语一样，则容易和字母 “o”相混淆。 2．英语的省略号一般使用“…”是3点，不 是像汉语那样用6点“……” 3. 字符号不要写得太长，写长了容易跟破 折号混淆。其长度应该与一个字母的宽度相 当。破折号的长度约占两个字母的位置。书 写破折号时，与前后的单词应有一定的距离。
一、 书写的规格 （1）应按照字母的笔顺和字母在三格中应占的位置书写。 （2）每个字母都应稍向右倾斜，约为5°，斜度要一致。
（3）大写字母都应一样高，占上面两格，但不顶第一线。
（4）小写字母a，c，e，m，n，o，r， s，u，v，w，x，z写在中间的一格里， 上下抵线，但都不出格。
（5）小写字母b，d，h，k，l的上端顶第一线， 占上面两格。
题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个 字母全部用大写。如： My Life As Factory Worker A Walk Under The Rain 写题目不要用括号或引号。题目后除了 问号和感叹号之外，不加其它标点符号。
3．文章本体 文章第一段的第一行应与题目隔一行或 两行。 每段的开头一般应该缩格；即向右缩进 约四个字母的间隔。 单词与单词之间须留一个字母的间隔， 句与句之间须留两个字母的间隔。 假若每行的最后一个单词写不下，最好 不要轻易拆字移行，可将该单词移到后 一行去书写。
英语书写标准格式范文
英语书写标准格式范文I'm sorry, but as an AI language model, I cannot directly write an article of 1000 words or more without a specific prompt. My function is to assist you in writing by providing ideas, structures, and language suggestions based on your input.However, I can give you a general outline of what a standard English writing format might look like:1. Title: The title should be concise and descriptive, reflecting the main idea or topic of the article. It should be placed at the top of the page, centered.2. Introduction: The introduction should briefly introduce the topic, provide background information, and state the purpose or argument of the article. It should end with a clear thesis statement that summarizes the main idea of the article.3. Body paragraphs: The body of the article should be divided into several paragraphs, each focusing on aspecific aspect or argument related to the main topic. Each paragraph should have a clear topic sentence at the beginning that summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. The rest of the paragraph should provide evidence, examples, or arguments to support the topic sentence.4. Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the main ideas and arguments of the article, and provide a final statement or recommendation. It should leave the readerwith a clear understanding of the main points and theauthor's position.5. References: If the article refers to any external sources of information, such as books, articles, or websites, the references should be listed at the end of the article. The format and style of referencing may vary depending on the discipline or journal requirements.In terms of language, standard English writing shouldbe clear, concise, and grammatically correct. It shouldavoid colloquialisms, slang, or非正式用语, and use appropriate vocabulary and sentence structures.Please note that this is just a general outline, and the specific format and style may vary depending on the type of article (e.g., academic, journalistic, creative writing) and the audience it is written for.。
英语陈述句专项知识点总结(Word最新版)
英语陈述句专项学问点总结通过整理的英语陈述句专项学问点总结相关文档，渴望对大家有所扶植，感谢观看！陈述句专项学问点总结一、陈述句的概念陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括确定句和否定句两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号，而在朗读时则用降调。
如： I’m a student. I like dogs. I’m not a teacher.二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法1）在英语中，陈述句由主语、谓语、宾语三个部分组成。
主语一般包括人称代词：I ,you, he ,she .物主代词：this, that, 等。
谓语一般就是动词：be动词：is, are, am和助动词：do, does和行为动词：like, eat 等例如：Mr. Walker is an Englishman. （华克先生是英国人。
——确定句） He is not an American. （他不是美国人。
——否定句）2）否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。
（1）运用否定词“not”，（2）例如：（a）be，have为主要动词，例如：（3） I am not a good swimmer. （我不是一个游泳的好手。
）（4） I have not much money. （我没有很多钱。
）（5）He has not many friend here. （在这里他没有很多挚友。
）解说：“be/have +not”常缩短成一词，尤其是日常谈话更是如此。
例如：You aren＇t a friend of his, are you ? （你不是他的挚友吧，是不是？）He isn＇t my brother. （他不是我的兄弟。
）下面例句是“have not，has not”的缩略形。
例如：I haven＇t a headache. （我没有头痛。
）（b）be，have为助动词You aren＇t going to go to her birthday party, are you? （你不打算参与她的生日宴会，是不是？）It isn＇t raining outside. （外面没有在下雨。
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英文书写知识一、26个字母的书写1、大写字母占上两格，写的时候要注意顶第一线，坐第三线；2、小写字母：acemnorsuvwxz占中间一格；bdhkl占上两格（注意要顶第一线，坐第三线）；gpqy占下两格（注意顶第二线，坐第四线）；it占上面一格半，j 占两格半；f占三格；3、每个字母都稍向右倾斜5度，斜度要一致；4、除f,i,j,p,t,x6个小写字母书写时是两笔完成外，其余小写字母都是一笔完成；5、C,G,J,L,O,S,V,W,Z 9个大写字母，书写时笔尖不能离开纸面，都必须一笔完成；6、A,E,F,H,I5个大写字母，书写时都是三笔完成；7、除以上大写字母外，其余大写字母是两笔完成的。
二、英语字母何时要大写英语的26个字母有大写和小写两种形式。
平时书写时都用小写字母，一般不用大写字母。
现就常用大写字母的情况归纳如下：1．英语句子第一个词的第一个字母要用大形式。
例如：This is our school．这是我们的学校。
2．英语诗每行第一个词的第一个字母要用大写形式。
如：Good, better best, 从好，到更好，到最好，Never let it rest, 永远不要停息Till good is better, 直到好的变得更好，And better, best．更好的变得最好。
3．表示某人、某地、某些特定集团或组织的专有名词或专门名称的每个词的第一个字母一般要用大写形式。
姓名中的姓和名的首字母都要大写。
如：Ann Read 安•里德，Li Lei李雷，Class One 一班，China中国。
注：(1) 关于中国人的名字，姓氏（单姓或双性，都只写作一个词）的第一个字母要大写；单名的第一个字母要大写；双名则两词之间用连词符号（也可不用），前一词的第一个字母用大写，后一词用小写。
如：Li Ming李明，Liu Wenying刘文英，Ouyang Hai 欧阳海(2) 专门名称中的冠词the 和of 等介词一般用小写形式。
如：the Communist Party of China 中国共产党。
专门名称的缩写形式一般用大写形式。
如：TV电视，OK好，可以，CPC中国共产党4. 地名中实词的首字母要大写。
如：the Summer Palace颐和园 Zhongshan Road 中山路5. 星期、月份、节日的首字母要大写。
如：Sunday ，September， Christmas6. 语言名及涉及到国籍的名词及形容词的首字母要大写。
如：I can speak English and French. Two Frenchmen ，Chinese music7. 特指的学校、大学、政府、委员会等的字母要大写。
如：The Committee has discussed his proposal. Beijing University8. 天体、海洋等自然界事物的专有名词的首字母要大写。
如：Pacific Ocean，Cape of Good Hope9. 国家、省、市、郡、州、县等专有名词的首字母要大写。
如：France ，New York City10．整句的直接引语中的第一个词的第一个字母要用大写形式。
如：The teacher says, “The book is his．”老师说：“这本书是他的。
”11．放在姓名前的职务、头衔、称呼等的第一个字母要大写。
如：Dr．Liu刘医生，Prof．Wu吴教授，Comrade Wang王同志，Mr．Smith 史密斯先生。
12. 文章的标题、书名、报刊名称等，第一个单词和每一个实词的首字母都要大写。
如：Unit2 What’s the Matter,Mike?注：冠词a，an，the，三个字母以内的介词in，at，on，of，by，for和连词or，and，but等，除这些词是标题的第一个词或出现在一句的开端时第一个字母要大写外，一般都用小写。
如：A Farewell Party,Let’s Take a Trip! 13. 表示编号的词要大写。
如： Lesson Two第二课， Row 3第三排14. 大多数的缩略词要大写。
如：CCTV(中国中央电视台), ID(身份证), CD(光盘)15. "I"和"OK"在句中的任何位置都应大写。
如：Tom and I are students. 汤姆和我是学生。
That's OK.不用谢。
三、英语的标点符号英语的标点符号与汉语的标点符号在形式上与使用上大同小异。
容易疏忽的地方，大致有以下几处：1．英语句号是实心点，而不是小圆圈，如果英语的句号也和汉语一样，则容易和字母“o”相混淆。
2．英语的省略号一般使用“…”是3点，不是像汉语那样用6点“……”3. 当句子最后一个单词后有表示缩写的点“.”或者句末是省略号时，一般不再加句号。
如：The class meeting will begin at 3 p.m.She is a teacher, beautiful and…4. 包含直接引语的句子，说话人和表示“说”的动词可放在句首、句中和句末。
一定要注意标点符号的不同。
如：She said,“All of us are very interested in going abroad” .“All of us are very interested in goi ng abroad,” She said“All of us,” she said ,“are very interested in going abroad.”汉语中直接引语前的“某某说”等词语之后一律用冒号。
而英语中既可用逗号，也可用冒号。
当“某某说”等词语在直接引语后时，汉语的引语末尾用句号，而英语一般用逗号。
如句子 "It's none of your business," the young men said rudely．的汉语译文是：“这不管你的事。
”年轻人粗暴地说。
5. 作“也”的too，多位于句末，一般前边要加逗号，位于句中时，前后均须加逗号；作“请”讲的please位于句末时，其前要加逗号；however等副词无论在句首、句中还是句末都要用逗号把它与句子的其它部分分开。
如：I’ll work hard, tooYou, too, should be quiet in class.Sit down, please.Later, however, he decided to go.6. 美国英语中，在书信称呼后可用冒号亦可用逗号，而在英国英语里一般用逗号。
如：Dear Mr. Smith: /Dear Mr. Smith, (AE.)Dear friends, (BE.)7. 字符号不要写得太长，写长了容易跟破折号混淆。
其长度应该与一个字母的宽度相当。
破折号的长度约占两个字母的位置。
书写破折号时，与前后的单词应有一定的距离。
8．英语中没有顿号“、”。
要表示句中较短的并列词语之间的停顿，汉语习惯用顿号，而英语只能用逗号,汉语中连词“和”、“及”等之前不可用顿号，而英语中连接一系列并列项目的“and”或“or”之前往往可以用逗号。
9．使用所有格符号时，要注意放在正确的位置上，以免引起意义上的混淆。
如my father's book不能写成my fathers’book。
10. 英语中没有书名号《》，书名一般用引号。
如：Yesterday she saw an English film “Gone with the Wind”或书名大写Have you read Read Star Over China?或用斜体Have you read Read Star Over China?11. 标点符号要写在正确的位置上。
“.”和“,”要写在紧靠第三线的上方，而不是在第二格中间。
“:”和“;”的下端与“.”和“,”位置相同，上端稍低于第二线。
引号“”与大写字母的上端相齐。
缩略号（或表示名词所有格的符号）“’”大致比字母i的点高出一些。
“？”和“！”大致与大写字母同样高低，下端与句号“.”位置相同。
四、英文的书写和移行英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。
书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。
如字母i，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。
字母t应为两笔。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。
字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。
这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。
万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。
在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through等也不能例外。
2. 不要把词的一个字母，即使那个字母构成一个音节，写在行末或行首，如：a-long, trick-y3. 不要把只有两个字母的音节写在行首，如： cab-in4. 避免把人名和地名分开写，如：Chi-na, Aus-ten5. 遇到阿拉伯数字不能分拆移行，如：1929,2357，December 23, 001, No.3…6. 已带有连字符的复合词只可在连字符处分开，如：father-in-law, empty-handed7. 带前缀、后缀的单词应前后缀和词根处分拆移行，如：un-touched, dis-appointed, trans-late8. 一页的最后一个词不要移行，把整个的词写在下一页好了。
9. 合成词而在构成单词的两部分处分拆移行，如：loud-speaker, well-known, ear-phone10．缩略词如Mr.，Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。
缩略的专用名词如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆开移行。
11．时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体；不能分开移行。
如；11：00P.M.应写在一行内，不能将11：00和P．M．分开移行；写38℃时，不能将36和℃分开移行。
12．由“年、月、日”表示的日期，如果必须分开移行只能将“月、日”与“年”分开。
如January 6，1980 不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。