高考英语阅读专项技能训练及指导

高考英语阅读专项技能训练及指导

高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成对3至5篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解，它是高考试题中难度最大、区分度最高的题型。它不仅考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查考生快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。考生不仅要正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义。它是对考生的知识和心理素质的综合检验。

高考英语命题特点

一、突出语用，体裁多样，题材丰富

1．新课标地区的阅读理解涉及的体裁分布比较均匀，其中记叙文、议论文和说明文所占的比重较大，以考查考生对记人记事、评论说理以及介绍说明类文章的理解能力；同时，试题中多穿插应用文体裁的文章，旨在考查考生捕捉事实信息的能力。

2．高考阅读理解注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，所选文章多为时文，题材多样，信息丰富。选材皆源于国外的英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，原汁原味，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点。

二、词汇灵活，句子优美，结构复杂

高考阅读理解对考生运用词汇的能力的要求逐年提高，凡是能利用构词法知识判断出词性和词义的都不视为生词，不再给出汉语注释；纯超纲词汇也偶有出现；一词多义、熟词僻义现象更是频繁出现；活用词比比皆是。另外，高考阅读理解的材料大多数出自国外的报刊，虽然在语言上经过了一定的加工，但是最大限度地保持原文语言地道的特点，文章的语篇结构有一定的难度，如在阐述问题时使用了多种语篇手段和修辞方法；文章不全是按顺叙的方法来展开的，而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式；一词多义，多种时态混用；简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。考生只有在平时多积累词汇，阅读时才能不断克服理解词义和篇章的困难。

三、题型稳定，细节为主，主旨突出。高考阅读理解的题型一直比较稳定，分为四大题型。一是主旨题，包括主要内容（main idea）、标题( title)和目的( purpose)三种小题型。二是释义题，包括词义题、句意题和指代题。三是细节题，它的考查范围是最广的，例如：人名、地名、时间、地点、具体事物、具体动作等等。四是推断题。

掌握应试策略，提升解题能力

结合对高考阅读理解的命题分析可知，考生要想在高考中战胜阅读理解，除了平时应注意拓展知识面，扩大英语课外阅读量，关心时事，提高逻辑思维能力与分析解决问题的能力外，还应注意以下几点：

1．讲究词汇记忆质量，提升阅读理解能力。英语阅读能力高低在一定程度上取决于掌握的词汇量的大小，所以考生一定要注意词汇记忆的质量，注意积累并培养处理词汇的四个基本能力：(1)根据构词法判断派生词和合成词的词义和词性的能力。(2)根据篇章语境推断一词多义、熟词僻义的语言能力。(3)透彻理解篇章中语言的借代现象的能力。(4)准确判断与阅读理解密切相关的一些功能词如逻辑连词、递进衔接词和语法连接词等的用法的能力。2．精读泛读相结合，确保能力，开阔视野。精读的目的是弄清每个词的确切含义和其语言功能，熟悉文章的语言结构，以便整体把握篇章，了解谋篇布局。考生可通过精读促进词汇记忆和应用，也可达到学习他人的写作方法的目的。泛读的目的是开阔视野，增加英美文化背景知识，扩大知识面。泛读有助于提升考生的阅读理解能力及处理语言信息的能力。3．提升阅读速度，提高理解精度。近年来的高考阅读理解篇幅较长，对考生的阅读速度和理解精度要求较高。因此，考生应采用正确的阅读方法，把自己的注意力集中在语意上，准确领会作者的写作意图。考生应用“意群理解”的阅读方式，多用略读、跳读和扫读的快速阅读方法，在最短的时间内找到关键词、主题句及作者意图等重要信息。另外，为提高阅读速

度，考生最好坚持有针对性的限时阅读训练，以提升阅读速度、提高理解精度。针对高考阅读理解的命题原则和设题思路，考生应在阅读理解解题策略上下工夫。

四大题型重点突破

一、主旨题，包括主要内容（main idea）、标题( title)和目的( purpose)三种小题型。

1、概括文章的主旨大意

命题者常以以下方法设置主旨大意题的干扰项，从而误导考生选择错误选项：选项以偏概全，选项内容过于笼统，选项内容是命题者杜撰的，选项内容是无关信息。

MY father was Chief Engineer of a merchant ship, which was sank in World War II. The book Night of the U-boats told the story.

Memories

In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my father’s ship was getting ready to sail. We brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe.

Then I remember my mother lying face down, sobbing. She had heard from a friend that the ship had been sunk by a torpedo (鱼雷).

I can remember the arrival. Of the telegram (电报), which in those days always brought bad news. My grandmother opened it. It read, “Safe. Love Ted.”

My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my father’s knee, his arm in a bandage.

He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes. Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.

The years later I read Night of the U-boats and was able to complete the story.

Torpedo

One torpedo struck the ship. Father was in the engine room, where the third engineer was killed. He shut down the engines to slow the ship making it easier for it to be abandoned.

By the time he got on deck (甲板) he was alone. Every lifeboat was gone except one which had stuck fast. When he tried to cut it free, it swung against the ship, injuring his hand and arm. He had no choice but to jump ---still with the photograph in his pocket.

Three days later, he and other survivors were safe in Glasgow. All 23 with him signed the back of the photograph.

A Toast

In my room is the book and this photograph. Often, glass in hand, I have wondered how I would have dealt with an explosion, a sinking ship, a jump into a vast ocean and a wait for rescue? Lest (以免)we forget, I have some more whisky and toast the heroes of the war.

65. What is the passage mainly about?

A. A group of forgotten heroes.

B. A book describing a terrifying battle.

D. A merchant’s memori es of a sea rescue.

William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was bon in Dublin on June 13,1865. His childhood lacked the harmony that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered little of childho od but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family – both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally