英语语法：动词不定式PPT课件
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2023年中考英语语法专题：非谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)) 课件
3.用作宾补（V.+ sb. + to do）
eg: 她要我帮她 She asked me to help her.
eg: 老师告诉他让他准时来 The teacher told him to come on time.
eg: 汤姆的妈妈教他读英语 Tom’s mother taught him to read English.
动词不定式
定义：不定式的构成是to+动词原形，当然to有时也可 以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以作除谓语 外的任何成分。
肯定式：to + 动词原形 否定式：not to + 动词原形
1.用作主语
A.动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数。
eg: 眼见为真 To see is to believe. eg: 学好英语对我们来说很重要 To learn English well is important for us.
2.用作宾语（V.+ to do）
eg: 我想买一台新电脑 I want to buy a new computer. eg: 我决定回家 I decide to go home.
eg: 她希望能找到一份更好的工作 She hopes to find a better job.
常用动词不定式作宾语 的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, need, choose, decide, agree, start, begin, like, try, plan.
Practice
1. Let him __fin_i_sh__ (finish) the work at once. 2. ——Is Wang Fang good at drawing?
初中全新英语语法——非谓语动词(共18张PPT)
动名词
(1)作主语
动名词作主语，放在句子的前面，但当动名词短语较 长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主语，而 将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如：
Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。
Finding work is difficult these days.现在找工作 很困难。
动词不定式短语作表语，放在连系动词之后。如：
The most important thing is to cut off the elec tricity.最重要的是切断电源。
Her wish is to be a teacher.她的愿望就是当一名教 师。
She seems to be very happy today.今天她好像很 快乐。
Itຫໍສະໝຸດ isa good habit to get up early. = To get up early
is a good habit.早起床是一个好习惯。
②不定式短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 如：
To learn English well is not easy.学好英语是不容 易的。
(2)作表语
It's no use waiting for another hour.再等一个小 时也没用。
(2)作宾语
动名词作宾语既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语， 也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。如：
He enjoys reading stories.他喜欢读故事。
I dislike paying cars.我不喜欢打牌。
She is a trained nurse.她是一个受过训练的护士。
She bought a computer produced in China.她 买了一台中国生产的电脑。
公开课课件动词不定式的用法
05
动词不定式与其他非谓语动词比较
与动名词比较
动词不定式和动名词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语等成分，但它们的意义和用法 有所不同。
动词不定式表示具体的、一次性的动作，而动名词则表示抽象的、习பைடு நூலகம்性的动作。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和动名词可以互换使用，但表达的含义可能有所不同。
与现在分词比较
动词不定式和现在分词都可以表示主 动的动作，但它们的时态和语态有所 不同。
在某些情况下，动词不定式和现在分 词可以互换使用，但需要根据具体语 境来判断。
动词不定式不受时态限制，可以表示 过去、现在或将来的动作，而现在分 词则通常表示正在进行的动作。
与过去分词比较
动词不定式和过去分词都可以表示被动的动作，但它们的用法和意义有 所不同。
动词不定式表示被动的动作时，需要使用助动词be的适当形式，而过去 分词则可以直接表示被动的动作。
03
动词不定式在句子中作用
作主语
01
动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词 用单数形式。
02
常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语 动词不定式置于句后。
作宾语
能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask, agree, beg, decide, determine等 。
动词不定式与名词等构成复合宾语时 ，通常要用it作形式宾语，而把真正的 宾语动词不定式置于句后。
择合适的动词形式。例如，正确的表达是 “I enjoy listening to music”，而不是
“I enjoy to listen to music”。
逻辑主语问题
要点一
不定式逻辑主语与句子主语不一 致
动词不定式的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。例如，正 确的表达是“It is important for you to study hard”， 而不是“It is important for him to study hard”。
动词不定式(12张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
She wants to play the piano. 她想弹钢琴。
Jim told me not to wake up Kate. 吉姆告诉我不要叫醒凯特。
语法透视
考点大观 易错辨析 通关训练
动词不定式的用法
2. 不带to的不定式结构。 (1) 在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better
—Mary is very generous. —Yes, she gave away all her money she owned
____ people in need. A. to help B. to helping C. helped D. helping
【解析】本句话意为“玛丽真是太慷慨了。是的， 她把她所有的钱都捐给了缺钱的人们”。表目的 用动词不定式，所以答案选A。
动词不定式的结构： to + 动词原形
语法透视
动词不定式的用法
考点大观 易错辨析 通关训练
1. 省to的不定式结构 (1) 能 直 接 跟 带 to 的 不 定 式 结 构 的 动 词 主 要 有 ：
want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop等。 (2) 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not ，即not to do sth。
语法透视
动词不定式的用法
考点大观
3. 动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语可以放在 后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
易错辨析 通关训练
To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
初中英语语法课件-非谓语动词之动词不定式的用法
“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语可转换为宾语从句。 Can you tell me where to get the book？ ＝Can you tell me where I can get the book? 你能告诉我哪里能得到这本书吗？
THE END
一些感官动词和使役动词要用不带to的动词不定式 作宾语补足语：这些动词有 一感(feel) 二听(hear, listen to) 三让(let, make, have) 四看(look at, see, watch, notice) 注： 变被动语态时必须加上to
5. 作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在所修饰词的 后面，它与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。
动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状 语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语 ，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
My father asked me not to read in bed. 我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。 My job is to drive them to school every day. 我的工作是每天开车把他们送去学校。
初中英语语法
非谓语动词之 动词不定式
作为非谓语动词的一种，动词不定式 是我们英语学习中的重点以及难点！
动词不定式的构成 动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如： to study, to play，to eat 动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍保留着 动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而 构成动词不定式短语，如： to study hard, to play table tennis
初中英语语法 动词不定式做宾语的用法课件
想要 _w_a_n__t _ 期望 _e_x_p_e_c_t 希望 _h_o_p_e___ 计划 _p_l_a_n__ 决定 _d_e_c_id_e_ 开始 _b_e_g_i_n__
开始 _s_t_a_rt__ 尝试 __t_r_y__
常见的跟动词不定式做宾语的动词:
plan, prepare, want, help, would like, invite, drive, offer, expect, ask, fail, forbid, tell, happen, need, hope, pretend, promise, decide, refuse, order, force, wish
有些动词后面跟动词不定式时, 应将不定 式符号to省去。常见的动词有 let, make, feel, help, watch, hear 等。
e.g. 让我来帮助你。 Let me help you.
你能帮助我打扫房间吗？
Can you help me clean the house?
用动词的适当形式填空。
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 Don't pretend to know when you don't. 不要不懂装懂。 I pretend to be listening carefully. 我假装听地仔细。 promise to do sth. 许诺做某事 Don't worry. I promise to do just as you say. 别担心,我照你说的做就是了。 If you promise to do something, you must not break your promise. 如果你答 应做事,就一定不要失言。
开始 _s_t_a_rt__ 尝试 __t_r_y__
常见的跟动词不定式做宾语的动词:
plan, prepare, want, help, would like, invite, drive, offer, expect, ask, fail, forbid, tell, happen, need, hope, pretend, promise, decide, refuse, order, force, wish
有些动词后面跟动词不定式时, 应将不定 式符号to省去。常见的动词有 let, make, feel, help, watch, hear 等。
e.g. 让我来帮助你。 Let me help you.
你能帮助我打扫房间吗？
Can you help me clean the house?
用动词的适当形式填空。
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 Don't pretend to know when you don't. 不要不懂装懂。 I pretend to be listening carefully. 我假装听地仔细。 promise to do sth. 许诺做某事 Don't worry. I promise to do just as you say. 别担心,我照你说的做就是了。 If you promise to do something, you must not break your promise. 如果你答 应做事,就一定不要失言。
高考备考英语语法专题非谓语动词课件
The –ed form used as attributive
a fallen tree fallen leaves/houses the risen sun boiled water the faded curtain a retired worker a developed country an escaped prisoner 不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作已完成 an abandoned ship flooded fields a rescued woman respected soldiers frightened children the polluted air a newly-built bridge a painted wall people trapped in the flood 及物动词的过去分词作定语表示动作已完成和被动
easy/difficult/hard/amusing/impossible/nice/pleasant
5. The classroom is too small to hold (hold) two _____ hundred students.
6. I am _____ (blame) since I’ve forgotten (tell) them the exact place where we are together.
2. There are a number of problems _____ (deal) with.
to do 3. I have a lot of work _____ (do).
4. The phenomenon is not easy to explain _____ (explain).
非谓语动词—不定式(英语语法课件)
宾语
5. She works hard to enter the university.
状语
6. Her dream to enter the university has been realized. 定语
7. Her mother wants her to enter the universier the university is her dream.
主语
2. It is her dream to enter the university.
主语
3. Her dream is to enter the university.
表语
4. She dreams to enter the university.
进行式 （to be doing）
完成进行式 （to have been doing）
“态”的变化
主动语态 （to do） 被动语态 （to be done）
“体”的形态变化
01 一般式（to do） 表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时 发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again.
目录
1 不定式的定义 2 不定式的结构形式 3 不定式的语法功能
一、不定式的意义
1. 不指示人称、 数量、时态的一 种形式。
2. 动词不被限定， 或者说不被词性变 化所局限，属于非 谓语动词形式。
二、不定式的结构形式
形式变化
形态 一般式 （to do）
完成式（to have done） “体”的变化
02 完成式 (to have done) 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
中考英语语法动词不定式精讲课件(22张)
的
decide sb. to do sth. encourage sb. to do sth.
黑
help sb. do sth.
胖
plan sb. to do sth./promise sb. to do sth.
娃
want sb. to do sth. ask sb. to do sth.
娃
would like sb. to do
like/love to do (一次性的动作)
She likes to swim.
like/love doing (习惯/经常性的动作)
stop/go on 两件事情
stop to do (停下当下做的事去做另一件事情)
I'm tired. Let's stop to have a rest.
stop doing (停止正在做的事情)
表语：系动词之后，表明主语性质、状态、身份…
动词不定式可以放在be动词后作表语
作
表
My work is to clean the room every day.
语
2
decide 决定； expect期望；forget忘记； fail 失败； try尽力 prefer 更喜欢...... 作
宾
语
I hope to have a party tomorrow.
作
宾
补
Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.
5
tell sb. to do sth.
宾语补足语：用来说明宾语的性质，身份，特征和行为等情况。。
常考动词不定式作宾语补足语：
她
tell sb. to do sth./It takes sb. to do sth.
英语语法-动词不定式
Past infinitive
Used to express an action that occurred in the past. Example: "She pretended to have known the answer."
Future infinitive
Used to express an action that will occur in the future. Example: "They plan to start their vacation next week."
Example: "I want (to) go home."
Ellipsis of infinitive verbs
Ellipsis of infinitive verbs occurs when the infinitive form is omitted for the sake of brevity or emphasis.
As a complement
Infinitive verbs can be used as a complement in a sentence, providing additional information about the subject or object. For example, "The goal is to lose weight." Here, "to lose weight" is a complement, providing additional information about the goal.
03
Tense and voice of infinitive verbs
Used to express an action that occurred in the past. Example: "She pretended to have known the answer."
Future infinitive
Used to express an action that will occur in the future. Example: "They plan to start their vacation next week."
Example: "I want (to) go home."
Ellipsis of infinitive verbs
Ellipsis of infinitive verbs occurs when the infinitive form is omitted for the sake of brevity or emphasis.
As a complement
Infinitive verbs can be used as a complement in a sentence, providing additional information about the subject or object. For example, "The goal is to lose weight." Here, "to lose weight" is a complement, providing additional information about the goal.
03
Tense and voice of infinitive verbs
高中英语语法 动词不定式的用法(31张PPT)
e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。
3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way， 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。
4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式 做后置定语。
二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式 完成式 完成进行式
to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been
to have been ---------doing
(1).They pretended not to see us.
I expect you to give me some help.
watch
let
五看
see
三使 make
look at observe
have
notice
listen to
二听
一感觉:feel
hear
注意
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.
(3) 宾语
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way， 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。
4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式 做后置定语。
二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式 完成式 完成进行式
to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been
to have been ---------doing
(1).They pretended not to see us.
I expect you to give me some help.
watch
let
五看
see
三使 make
look at observe
have
notice
listen to
二听
一感觉:feel
hear
注意
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.
(3) 宾语
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
英语语法-动词不定式PPT课件
-Yes. I think that’s 2 years ago.
√ a. sfeoerget/br.esmeeeimngberct.otodoseseth.
d. saw
forget/remember doing sth.
stop/go on to do sth
stop/go on doing sth
宾语
4. People eat to live, but not live to eat.
5. I have a lot to tell you.
6.
定语 It’s not right to be always thinking of oneself.
7. We often see him play football.
(目的) (目的)
（结果）
第5页/共22页
4.用作主语（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换） 1.To be an actress is my dream. It is my dream to be an actress. 2. To go abroad is his dream. It is his dream to go abroad. 3. To say is easy, to do is difficult. It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.
todo表示目的doctordidwhathecoulddo作定语如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语其后需接介词第21页共22页感谢您的观看
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形 “，有时可以不带to.
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中 不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾 语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
高中英语 语法 非谓语动词不定式的用法 课件 (共25张PPT)
alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept
7. –You should have thanked her before you
left.
--I meant____, but when I was leaving I
couldn’t find her anywhere.
13. mrs. smith warned her daughter
____after drin .
a. never to drive b. to never drive
c. never driving
d. never drive
14. we agreed _____here but so far she
The next train to arrive is from Washington.
I want something to read.
It’s your turn to speak now.
It’s time to go to school.
1. He is lucky to get here on time. 2. Be careful not to catch a cold. 3. They started early so as to catch the
7. he is loo for a room to live in. 8. i study hard to serve the people well. 9. in order not to be late she took a bus.
常见带形式主语it的句型： 1. It is easy ( difficult, important, possible, necessary, good, kind, wise, foolish…) to do sth. 2. It is a pleasure (pity, crime, an honor…) to do sth. 3. It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
初中英语语法大全——非谓语动词(共24张PPT)
知识归纳 常用it作形式主语的句式 It is no use/ good doing..做...是没有用的不好的。 It is a waste of time doing...做..是浪费时间的。 It is useful/ enjoyable/ tiring doing...
做...是有用的/ 令人高兴的/累人的
(6)不定式作状语
①不定式作状语主要表示目的等。表示目的时常位于句首，表 示原因和结果时常位于句尾。 eg: To arrive there on time, I got up one hour earlier than usual. eg: In ancient China, food was stored with ice to kee p it fresh.
常接动名词作宾语的(短语)动词
enjoy喜欢
finish完成
practise练习
suggest建议
mind介意
avoid避免
admit承认
consider考虑
give up放弃
look forward to盼望
imagine想象
be busy忙于 put off推迟
feel like想要
be worth值得
(4)不定式作宾语补足语
eg: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. eg: Mr. White persuaded Tom not to smoke any more. eg: I sat near her and heard her sing the new song. eg: The peaceful music in the CD made the students feel relax.
高考英语语法备考《动词不定式》ppt课件
• 4.作定语 • a.Manager,do you have anything to be typed ? • b.As a typist ,do you have anything to type now ? • c.I am free now .Do you have anything to type ? • d.Please give me an apple to eat . • e.They will make some candles to give light. • f.Have you anything to send？（自己寄） • g.Have you anything to be sent?( 别人寄）
3)名词是抽象名词，用不定式作定语 ，常见的有： ability,chance,idea,excuse， reply,belief,reason,attempt等。 a.He has the ability to read and write. b.I have no chance to go to college. 请大家自己想些例句。Who?
注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子 主语要一致（常翻译成“为了”）
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means.
②表结果：
• He arrived late to find the train gone. • 常用only放在不定式前表示强调： • eg.a.I visited him only to find him out. b. A few years later he came home only to find his home town changed. c.I hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed.
英语语法专题非谓语动词ppt课件
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾 语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语 时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it， 例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）,
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,
hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后 面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语， 真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语 补足语后面，例如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，
如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到晚会。 （3）完成式：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）,
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,
hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后 面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语， 真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语 补足语后面，例如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，
如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到晚会。 （3）完成式：
初中英语语法动词不定式用法归纳课件ppt
·She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字？
·The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用 它。
·When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么时候是种植蔬菜的最 好时间？
可省可不省的：help sb. （to）do sth.
I often help my mother （to）do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务
5 作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后 置定语。
·Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？
语很有趣。
·He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。
4 作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作
不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语： tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.
动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定 式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
·I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。 ·He has no house to live in.他没的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后，表目的。
去野餐好吗？
【特殊】
1.如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”。 ·He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。
·The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用 它。
·When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么时候是种植蔬菜的最 好时间？
可省可不省的：help sb. （to）do sth.
I often help my mother （to）do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务
5 作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后 置定语。
·Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？
语很有趣。
·He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。
4 作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作
不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语： tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.
动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定 式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
·I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。 ·He has no house to live in.他没的状语常用在go, come, hurry等不及物动词后，表目的。
去野餐好吗？
【特殊】
1.如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”。 ·He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。
《英语语法小课件：不定式》
I need a book to improve my English skills.
不定式做补语
不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语补足语，帮助补充和完整动词的意义。 She wants to become an astronaut.
不定式做状语
不定式可以作为句子的状语，用来说明动作发生的目的、动机、结果等。 She studies hard to pass the exam.
不定式的省略和倒装
不定式中的 "to" 可以省略，特别是在情态动词后面的不定式。 在虚拟语气的条件句和倒装句中，不定式也可以倒装。
不定式的短语动词
不定式经常与其他词组合成短语动词，赋予动词不同的意思和用法。 常见的短语动词有：to look forward to, to g ive up , to g o on, 等等。
不定式可以作为主语的补语，用来描述或说明主语的身份、特性或状态。 常见的动词有 "be"， "seem"， "appear"。
The most important thing is to never give up.
不定式做定语
不定式可以修饰名词或代词，起到形容词的功能，来表达名词或代词的用途、 目的或特定情况。
与不定式相关的常用动词短语
• begin to • decide to • learn to • help to
通俗易懂的不定式的记忆口诀
不定式种类多，用途广泛好记牢。 时态语态需注意，位置修饰不失妙。
不定式的常见错误及避免方法
• 句子结构混乱 • 时态和语态错误 • 不当使用 "to" 和不定式 • 主谓一致问题
《英语语法小课件：不定 式》
不定式做补语
不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语补足语，帮助补充和完整动词的意义。 She wants to become an astronaut.
不定式做状语
不定式可以作为句子的状语，用来说明动作发生的目的、动机、结果等。 She studies hard to pass the exam.
不定式的省略和倒装
不定式中的 "to" 可以省略，特别是在情态动词后面的不定式。 在虚拟语气的条件句和倒装句中，不定式也可以倒装。
不定式的短语动词
不定式经常与其他词组合成短语动词，赋予动词不同的意思和用法。 常见的短语动词有：to look forward to, to g ive up , to g o on, 等等。
不定式可以作为主语的补语，用来描述或说明主语的身份、特性或状态。 常见的动词有 "be"， "seem"， "appear"。
The most important thing is to never give up.
不定式做定语
不定式可以修饰名词或代词，起到形容词的功能，来表达名词或代词的用途、 目的或特定情况。
与不定式相关的常用动词短语
• begin to • decide to • learn to • help to
通俗易懂的不定式的记忆口诀
不定式种类多，用途广泛好记牢。 时态语态需注意，位置修饰不失妙。
不定式的常见错误及避免方法
• 句子结构混乱 • 时态和语态错误 • 不当使用 "to" 和不定式 • 主谓一致问题
《英语语法小课件：不定 式》
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(2). 表语
My job Your task classroom.
to help the patient. to clean the
6
(3) 宾语
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
14
4. something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. Do you have anything to send?
1
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语 构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、 状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定 式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格” 构成。
2
一.结构 : to do 二. (否定) not/never to do
二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
to do
to be doneBiblioteka 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been
to have been ----------
doing
3
(1).They pretended not to see us.
think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.
7
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等
e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。
3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way， 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。
13
hear
8
注意
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.
2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to）
e.g. I made him do his work.
He was made to do his work (by me). 9
3> 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do besides sleep.
He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。
(3)同位关系
We
all have a chance to go to college.
我们都有上大学的机会。
12
2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或 者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动 作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的 介词。
动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
4
1. 作主语 2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语
4. 作定语
5. 作状语 6. 作表语
7. 作独立成分 8. 与疑问词等连用
5
三. 用法/ 功能
(1). 主语
To see is to believe. It’s important to learn English well . •单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 •若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
所修饰的名词是have, give, get, buy, lend, want等动词的宾语，且句子中有名词或 代词作动词不定式的逻辑主语时，用主 动形式。例如：
I'm busy. I have a lot of work to do. He gave me a book to read while I was waiting for a bus.
请给我一支写字的笔.
Please give me a pen to write with.
11
•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而 且放在其他后置定语之后。
1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：
(1)动宾关系
I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。
(2)主谓关系
(4). 宾补
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.
watch
let
五看 see
三使 make
look at observe
have
notice
listen to
二听
一感觉:feel
10
(5). 定语
I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.
(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.)
My job Your task classroom.
to help the patient. to clean the
6
(3) 宾语
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again.
14
4. something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. Do you have anything to send?
1
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语 构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、 状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定 式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格” 构成。
2
一.结构 : to do 二. (否定) not/never to do
二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
to do
to be doneBiblioteka 进行式 完成式 完成进行式
to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been
to have been ----------
doing
3
(1).They pretended not to see us.
think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.
7
warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等
e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。
3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way， 不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。
13
hear
8
注意
1> help 后面的“to”可省去
e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.
2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to）
e.g. I made him do his work.
He was made to do his work (by me). 9
3> 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do besides sleep.
He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。
(3)同位关系
We
all have a chance to go to college.
我们都有上大学的机会。
12
2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或 者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动 作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的 介词。
动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
4
1. 作主语 2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语
4. 作定语
5. 作状语 6. 作表语
7. 作独立成分 8. 与疑问词等连用
5
三. 用法/ 功能
(1). 主语
To see is to believe. It’s important to learn English well . •单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 •若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
所修饰的名词是have, give, get, buy, lend, want等动词的宾语，且句子中有名词或 代词作动词不定式的逻辑主语时，用主 动形式。例如：
I'm busy. I have a lot of work to do. He gave me a book to read while I was waiting for a bus.
请给我一支写字的笔.
Please give me a pen to write with.
11
•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而 且放在其他后置定语之后。
1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：
(1)动宾关系
I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。
(2)主谓关系
(4). 宾补
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.
watch
let
五看 see
三使 make
look at observe
have
notice
listen to
二听
一感觉:feel
10
(5). 定语
I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.
(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.)