Lecture1

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Lecture1 句子结构

Lecture1  句子结构
表述主语的特征、状态、身 份等。它位于连系动词之后,与之构成系 表结构,共同构成谓语。可作表语的有名 词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、 动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。
作表语的成分
例句
名词
名词所有格 代词 数词 形容词 副词 不定式 动名词 过去分词 现在分词
7. 状语
状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。 状语有时在基本结构中是必须得,否则基本结构的意义 就不会完整。状语位置非常灵活。 The girl is improving remarkably. The ancient castle is remarkably beautiful. My love is like a red, red rose, that is newly sprung in June. The students are improving remarkably fast. Unfortunately, I didn’t get the scores report.
例句 作定语的 成分 Beethoven is a natural musician. 形容词
名词 代词 His mother gave a sports car to him. He is their friend.
序数词
基数词 不定式
不定式复合结
I will give you a second chance.
5. 补语
补语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子 成分,即主语补语和宾语补语。
主语补语
通常位于主语之前或谓语之后: Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. He came home sick. Her brother died young. He was found dead. She gazed at him speechless for a moment.

lecture 1 翻译标准

lecture 1 翻译标准

g. 我认为他不够格。 I don’t think he is qualified. h. 人们来五台山,目的可不都是一样。 People do not come to Wutai Mountain with one and the same purpose.
3) 译文应体现英语遣词造句的特点,同时 又应因文体而有变化。 a. 名词使用频率高,特别是含有动作性质 的抽象名词等,可以既包含丰富的信息又 十分简洁。 b. 被动形式使用率高,表现能力强。 c. 语法要求严,一般来说句子较长。 d. 介词、非谓语动词、形容词和独立结构 非常活跃。
教心理学的老师觉察到这件事, 就假冒一个男生的名义,给她 写了封匿名的求爱信,这封信 的末尾是:一个希望得到您的 青睐的极其善良的男同胞。就 这么一封信,也就一举改造了 一个人。
Having detected what was happening, her psychology teacher got an idea. In the name of a boy, he wrote an anonymous letter of love which ended with “a kind gentleman awaiting your favor.” The letter brought about transformation.
A Course in Chinese – English Translation
李洋
II. 汉英翻译的原则
汉语译成地道英语的难度, 出现各种各样的缺失:“中 国式”英语(解决办法,阅 读大量原作,观察、揣摩、 总结并模仿英语的特点、规 律和表达方法)。
1.遵循三条原则:
1) 译文必须符合英语的语法:三种轴心 结构: a. 主-系-表结构 (S+V+P) 例: a) 人类在地球上已存在多久了? How long has man been on earth? b) 牛奶变酸了。 Milk turns sour.

lecture 1

lecture 1
❖ Culture is like the water a fish swims in notice everything except the water
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Linell Davis: five metaphors
❖ Culture is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves People tell stories to tell who they are and stories also change to adapt to changing circumstances.
❖ 学习别人的语言而不学习人家的文化完全 就是把自己变成是一个能说会道的傻瓜。
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Definitions of culture
Sir Edward Tylor’s definition in 1871
“that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”
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Mainstream culture and subculture
❖ When we talk about culture, we mainly refer to mainstream culture.
❖ Subculture
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县官与知府的对话 ❖ “贵县风土怎么样?” ❖ “没有大风,更少尘土” ❖ “百姓怎么样?” ❖ “白杏只有两棵,红杏不少” ❖ “我问的是黎庶!” ❖ “梨树很多,结的果实很小” ❖ “我不是问什么梨树,我是问你的小民!” ❖ “卑职的小名叫狗儿”

Lecture1

Lecture1

01 Warming upWarming upChoose one activity you like to do most and give your reasons.parkour rock climbing campingorienteering whitewater rafting paragliding02 Listening and Speaking01Warming upListen to the dialogue between Mike and Lynn about their weekendactivities. The following words, expressions and sentences may help you.cycling clubmake itgo camping barbecuepostHow was your weekend?I’ve posted some pictures online.They are all camping lovers.Script01Warming upcycling club自行车俱乐部e.g. He had trained hard in his cycling club .他在自行车俱乐部刻苦训练。

BACK01Warming upmake itsucceed in doing sth.成功做到某事e.g. Although she really wanted to come to visit us, she couldn’t make it because of the bad weather.尽管她非常想要来拜访我们,但由于天气糟糕而无法成行。

BACK01Warming up go camping去野营e.g. When we go camping , I hike in the woods.当我们去野营的时候,我在树林里步行。

Lecture 1-绪论

Lecture 1-绪论

loose or minor sentences (松散句), contracted sentences (紧缩句), elliptical sentences, run-on sentences (流水句), and composite sentences (并列句). English sentence building is featured by an “architecture style” (楼房建筑 法) with extensive use of longer or subordinate structures, while Chinese is marked by a “chronicle style” (流水记事法) with frequent use of shorter or composite structures.

2. Compact vs. Diffusive
English is rigid in S-V concord, requiring a complete formal cohesion. Chinese has flexible sentence structures through semantic coherence.

他的讲话并无前后矛盾之处。 There is no inconsistency in what he said. There is nothing inconsistent in what he said 她闪亮的眼睛说明她非常激动。 Her sparkling eyes betrayed her great excitement. The sparkle of her eyes betrayed her great excitement.

Lecture-1

Lecture-1

凭经验检查法——适用 机器不稳定
有些故障工作一会才出现,当关机后一会在开机故障 就会重复出现。这种故障原因一般是由于元器件热稳 定性不好,受热后参数改变而引起的,这种故障采用 办法,对可疑元器件进行“降温”或“升温”处理来 寻找故障所在(但有一定基础)
微机系统故障诊断方法
冷却法
电吹风,冷风档,对着可疑元件吹冷风 棉球沾上酒精,擦拭可疑元器件的表面
电磁干扰
电磁干扰主要来源与音箱设备、电机、 大功率电器、电源等。 应远离电磁干扰源,较强的磁环境容 易造成硬盘上数据丢失,显示器产生 花斑、抖动等。
温度的影响
微机系统应用环境温度 10-30摄氏度 微机机箱内工作温度比外面要高,而计算机的芯 片和集成电路内温度比机箱内高。 在正常的散热通风条件下,微机产生的热量不足 以引起电路故障。 当外界温度超过正常标准或通风散热条件差,导 致内部温度急剧上升加速器件的老化损坏。 防止高温引起故障,要注意保持通风散热。
微机系统故障诊断方法
直接观察法——适用 明显故障。
检查是否有火花,异常音响,过热,烧焦现象, 观察有关插件是否松动,接触不良,虚焊,断 线,短路,生锈,损坏以及明显故障
拔插替换法适用 ——适用 几种怀疑,尚 不能确定时
用相同功能的系统部件替换故障的机器部件, 用好的元器件替换怀疑有故障的元器件,以便 迅速找到确切的故障位置。
在具体确定是系统软件还是应用软件故障
常用维护工具
旋具:各种十字旋具和一字旋具,最好选 择带磁性旋具 钳子:尖嘴钳,剥线钳,扁口钳 镊子:在清洗和焊接时,用作辅助工具 割线刀:用于割断或切削之用 吸锡器:去锡 电烙铁:电缆线,线路板,接插件等的焊 接工作
常用维护工具
清洁清洗工具:清洗盘,清扫灰尘的毛刷, 吹气橡皮球,清洗液 万用表:指针式(测量精度高于数字式, 测量速度快)和数字式(测量结果直观, 蜂鸣器指示断通 功能较多)两种

【托福听力备考】TPO17 听力文本——Lecture 1

【托福听力备考】TPO17 听力文本——Lecture 1

【托福听力备考】TPO17 听力文本——Lecture 1众所周知,托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。

相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料,那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本,希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

TPO 17 Lecture 1 Art History(Prehistoric Art Dating)Narrator :Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.Professor :Good morning, ready to continue our review of prehistoric art?Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period, which I am roughlydefining as the period from 35,000 to 8,000 BC. A lot of those cave drawings youhave all seen come from this period. But we are also be talking about portableworks of art, things that could be carried around from place to place. Here isone example. This sculpture is called the Lady with the Hood1 , and it wascarved from ivory, probably a mammoth’s tusk. Its age is a bit of a mystery.According to one source, it dates from 22,000 BC. But other sources claimed ithas been dated closer to 30,000 BC. Amy?Amy :Why don’t we know the exact date when this head was made?Professor :That’s a fair question. We are talking about prehistory here. Soobviously the artists didn’t put a signature or a date on anything they did. Sohow do we know when this figure was carved?Tom :Last semester I took an archaeology class and we spent a lot time on,studying ways to date things. One technique I remember was using the location ofan object to date it, like how deep it was buried.Professor :That would be Stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art. When archaeologists are digging at a site, they make very careful notes about which stratum(strata), which layer of earth they find things in. And, you know, the general rule is that the oldest layers are at the lowest level. But this only works if the site hasn’t been touched, and the layers are intact. A problem with this dating method is that an object could have been carried around, used for several generations before it was discarded. So it might be much older than the layer or even the site where it was found. The stratification technique gives us the minimum age of an object, which isn’t necessarilly its true age. Tom, in your archaeology class, did you talk about radiocarbon dating?Tom :Yeah, we did. That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of radiocarbon that’s left in organic stuff. Because we know how fast radiocarbon decays, we can figure out the age of the organic material.Professor :The key word there is organic. Is art made of organicmaterial?Tom :Well, you said the lady with the hood was carved out of ivory. That ’s organic.Professor :Absolutely. Any other examples?Amy :Well, when they did those cave drawings. Didn’t they use, like chacoalor maybe colors, dyes made from plants?Professor :Fortunately, they did, at least some of the time. So it turns outthat radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art. But again there’s aproblem. This technique destroys what it analyzes, so you have to chip off bits of the object for testing. Obviously we are reluctant to do that in some cases.And apart from that, there’s another problems. The date tells you the age of thematerial, say, a bone or a tree, the object is made from, but not the date when the artist actually created it. So, with radiocarbon dating, we get the maximum possible age for the object, but it could be younger.Ok, let’ s say our scientific analysis has produced an age range. Can we narrow it down?Amy :Could we look for similar styles or motives? You know, try to find things common to one time period.Professor :We do that all the time. And when we see similarities in pieces of art, we assume some connection in time or place. But is it possible that we could be imposing our own values on that analysis?Tom :I am sorry. I don’t get your point.Professor :Well, we have all kinds of pre-conceived ideas about how artistic styles develop. For example, a lot of people think the presence of details demonstrates that the work was done by a more sophisticated artist. While a lack of detail suggests a primitive style. But trends in art in the last century orso certainly challenge that idea. Don’t get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric art can help dating them. But we need to be careful with the idea that artistic development occurs in a straight line, from simple to complex representations.Amy :What you are saying is, I mean, I get the feeling that this is like a legal process, like building a legal case, the more pieces of evidence we have, the closer we get to the truth.Professor :Great analogy. And now you can see why we don’t have an exact date for our sculpture, the lady with the hood.。

托福听力TPO1原文 Lecture 1

托福听力TPO1原文 Lecture 1

托福听力TPO1原文Lecture 1下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO1原文中Lecture 1的文本内容吧,大家要好好把握,这些都是非常有价值的材料,希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。

TPO 1 Lecture 1Contemporary artListen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.ProfessorOk, I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up. It’s already started in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. Frantzen’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, compared to some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen’s style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?StudentWell, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. Um…the basic impressionist style was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked. Um… Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture of the canvas was rough.ProfessorGood. What else? What were the subjects?StudentWell, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, uh, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.ProfessorGood. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. It’s a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. The reason I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzen’s style. It’s an outdoor scene, an everyday scene. It’s kind of bleak, but you can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines. The colors aren’t quite realistic. The sky is kind of, well an unnatural pinkish yellow. And the fence in the foregroundis blue, but somehow the overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm. So that’s the impressionist side of her work.Oh, and speaking about farms, that reminds me. One interesting thing I read about Franzten is that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. And the reason Frantzen went there, and she later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they moved. She really found that this helped her work---that it gave her an understanding of body movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in Frantzen’s work?StudentUm… real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty everyday subject matter, too.ProfessorGood. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman surrounded by pumpkins. You will notice that the woman’s face is so realistic looking that it’s almost like a photograph. The woman’s nose is a little less than perfect and her hair is kind of messed up. This is realism. But then, the background of the painting, this woman with the pumpkins is wrapped in a blanket of broad thick brushstrokes, and, it’s all kinds of zigzagging brushstrokes and lines, kind of chaotic almost when you look at it close. And there are vibrant colors. There’s lots of orange, with little hints of an electric blue peeking out.I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate them, you have to know their life story. But here’s a little bit about Rose Frantzen’s life anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was really good, that she could be an artist. But of course, it’s not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. So I think most of us would be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But what’s important is that you keep at it that you don’t give up. That’s what is really important to remember.《当代艺术》独白:听一段节选自当代艺术课堂的讲座。

Lecture 1(introduction)

Lecture 1(introduction)

(2) Factors concerned with cultural background: The way of life of Celts, Anglo-Saxons and Normans; The blend of different cultures of the tribes.
(3) Factors related to religious background: the spread and establishment of Christianity
8. The Victorian Period ⅰ Critic Realism Dickens, Thackeray ii Women Novelists: The Bronte Sisters
9. The Twentieth-Century English Literature ⅰ Modernism (1900-1950)
Assessment
General performance (class participation,class attendance…) 30% Term paper (1000-1500 words)70%
Teaching schedule
(18 weeks, 2 classes/1 week): Introduction (2) Part I and Part II (2) Part III (2) Part Ⅳ (4) Part V (4) Part Ⅵ (6) Part Ⅶ (8) Part Ⅷ (4) Part Ⅸ (2)
Q5: What benefits do we get from this course?
A good command of the target language; General knowledge of the culture , literature and history of the country; A profound mind and an insight for English literature

托福听力TPO5学习笔记之lecture1-智课教育旗下智课教育

托福听力TPO5学习笔记之lecture1-智课教育旗下智课教育

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福听力TPO5学习笔记之lecture1-智课教育旗下智课教育以下是小编的托福听力TPO5学习笔记中关于lecture1的内容,针对难词注解、长难句分析以及考题对应考点这三大方面展开,仅供参考。

下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下这篇托福听力TPO5学习笔记的相关内容吧,这是小编的一些见解,以便帮助大家更加充分的理解TPO真题,希望能够给正在准备托福听力的考友们带来帮助。

一、难词注解Alligator n. 短吻鳄(产于美国及中国);短吻鳄皮革;鳄口式工具adj.鳄鱼般的;鳄鱼皮革的;鳄鱼皮纹的vi. 皱裂;裂开sewer n. 下水道;阴沟;裁缝师vt.为…铺设污水管道;用下水道排除…的污水vi. 清洗污水管twinkle n. 闪烁vt. 使闪耀;闪耀vi. 闪烁;发亮Meme 模因transmission n. 传动装置,[机] 变速器;传递;传送;播送Replicators n. [遗] 复制基因;重复符Fecundity n. [生物] 繁殖力;多产;肥沃mutation n. [遗] 突变;变化;转变二、长难句分析the whole point of defining this familiar process as transmission of memes is so that we can explore its analogy with the transmission of genes.将这种人们熟悉的过程定义为模因的传递的重点在于我们能够可以将它与基因的传递相类比。

难句类型:介词短语做定语,so that 句式难句拆分:the whole point of+介词短语,so that+句子三、考题对应考点6.A meme is defined as a piece of information copied from person to person. By this definition, most of what you know,ideas, skills, stories, songs are memes. All the words you know, all the scientific theories you’ve learned, the rules your parents taught you to observe, all are memes that have been passed on from person to person. 开头原则中的背景引入式,讲座开头举出两个例子,都是为了今天讲课的主题—meme,而memes that have been passed on from person to person,对应B选项7. "Well we’ve all heard this song. Where am I going with this? Well, both the song and the story are examples of memes"举例原则,当教授介绍完这两个例子之后,说了前面这句话,both the song and the story are examples of memes,所以答案选择C8.在教授介绍完meme的含义之后,说“By this definition, most of what you know, ideas, skills, stories, songs are memes. All the words you know, all the scientific theories you’ve learned, the rules your parents taught you to observe, all are memes”,By this definition看出是强调原则,所以答案是AD9. 教授之前举了一个alligator的例子,之后又提到"If you takethe alligator story, it can exist for a long time in individual memory, let’s say, my memory".说明她记住这个 alligatorstory很多年,所以选择B10. Fecundity is the ability to reproduce in large numbers. For example, the common housefly reproduces by laying several thousand eggs, so each fly gene gets copied thousands of times. Memes, well, they can be reproduced in large numbers as well. How many times have you sung the‘twinkle, twinkle song’ to someone? Each time you replicated that song, and maybe passed it along to someone who did not know it yet, a small child maybe.举例原则,For example,前后两个例子互相对比,所以选择D11.Other memes are replicated with higher fidelity though, like the twinkle, twinkle song. It had the exact same words 20 years ago as it does now. Well, that’s because we see songs as something that has to be performed accurately each time. If you change a word, the others will usually bring you in line. They’llsay, ‘that’s not how you sing it’, right?,结尾原则,当别人说错的是后你会改正,课件人们在传播时不会改变太多。

Lecture 1 英语语法导论

Lecture 1 英语语法导论
1) Classification in terms of word-formation
• (根据构词法分类)
2) Classification in terms of grammatical function (根据语法功能分类)
2009-9
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1)简单词、派生词、复合词 In terms of word-formation, words
e.g. He spoke loudly and clearly. Be a man. Do not act so slowly. She spoke very clearly indeed.
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• 5) The prepositional phrase (介词词组)
The prepositional phrase is a phrase with a preposition as its head. The general pattern of a prepositional phrase is: (modifier+) preposition + complementation
• 词: Paul, one, schoolboys, I, of, nicest, know, is, the
• 词素:Paul, one, school, boy, -s, I, is, know, the, nice,
-est
3
Sentence
Clause
NP
VP
Prep P
Det
N
Aux Adv MV Prep Det N
• (分为两大类) • free morphemes and • bound morphemes.
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lecture 1

lecture 1

Ps: 这种共性也会随着人类历史演变,民族文化五彩斑斓而变 化纷呈。不同文化环境的人对自然和社会认识的角度不一,深 浅也不同,这种语言特性使得汉语中的某些词语在英语中只能
找到部分相应的词语,甚至出现词语空缺,即在英语中无对
应的成分。
i.e.红茶-black tea 红眼病-pink eye/to be greeneyed 媒人-go-between 白酒-liquor/spirits
·蕴含意义:connotative meaning 词语内含的情感、联想和
文化意义,体现各个民族的思维方式和社会文化,即使是同 一指称,在不同语言里其蕴含意义也有天壤之别。
i.e.醋罐子 -vinegar (jealousy) 凤凰-phoenix 龙-dragon
Ps:汉语指称较为笼统,英语却有明确的区分 i.e.税:duty (关税) tax(税、税额) tariff(进出口税额)
词语翻译的几种基本方法
·直译(literal translation)
在不违背英语文化传统的前提下,在英译文本中完全保留汉语 词语的指称意义,使其内容和形式都与原文本相符的方法。
1. 组织、机构、公司名称
海关总署:General Customs administration 世界卫生组织:World Health Organization 中国商品检验局:Commodity Inspection Bureau of the
4.政治、财经专用词汇
中国共产党:The Communist Party of China (CPC) 中国工商银行: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
(ICBC) 中国建设银行:China Construction Bank (CCB) 中国农业银行:Agricultural Bank of China 中国人民银行:The People’s Bank of China 中国银行:The Bank of China 国有商业银行:Commercial State Bank 所得税:income tax 假冒伪劣产品:fake and poor quality commodities

Lecture1 入门实例59页PPT

Lecture1 入门实例59页PPT


• foreign – 读写由S, Minitab, SAS, SPSS, Stata等软件的

数据 • normix – 混合正态分布分析

• nortest – 正态分布的Anderson-Darling检验
• MCMCpack – 基于Gibbs抽样的MCMC抽样方法
• fracdiff – 分数差分模型的极大似然估计
• S-PLUS有微机版本和工作站版本,它是一个商 业软件。
• Auckland大学的Robert Gentleman 和 Ross Ihaka 及其他志愿人员开发了一个R系统,其语 法形式与S语言基本相同,但实现不同,两种语 言的程序有一定的兼容性。
• R是一个GPL自由软件,现在的版本是2.4.1版, 它比S-PLUS 还少些功能,但已经具有了很强的 实用性。

的一种方言(dialect) 之一,另一则为S-plus.

• 一种软件,是集统计分析与图形直观显示于 一体.
学 – R作为一个计划(project),最早(1995年)是由
习 R
Auckland大学统计系的Robert Gentleman和Ross Ihaka开始编制,目前由R核心开发小组(R Development Core Team – 以后用R DCT表示)维
– 我们可以编制自己的函数来扩展现有的R语言 (这就是为什么它在不断升级完善!!)
– …....
– R主页:
– CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network),


的 – CRAN的镜像站点
网 站
/mirrors.html
– UCLA提供的关于R与S-Pl.htm

LECTURE 1 单词记忆法教材

LECTURE 1 单词记忆法教材

图示
Part 2 偏旁部P首a法rt(1音形义法)
1、 morose 郁闷 记忆方法:mo(没有)+rose(玫瑰)=没有玫瑰,
情人节没有玫瑰,当然很郁闷! 2、prose 散文、单调的 记忆方法: p(扑)+rose(玫瑰)=扑在玫瑰上写情书, 这种感觉下写的文字一般都比较悠扬,即散文的味道。
3、plight 困境 记忆方法: p(扑)+light(光)=把光都给扑灭了,困境来了!
(法国人把他丢进壕沟里,而我把他扭伤了。) 3、s—蛇。Sway蛇一样的走路方式——摇摆
Part 9 字母读Pa音rt联1想法
4、ee—眼睛;L—大高个子;g—哥哥;m—妹妹。 loom高高个子大大眼睛的妹妹(难找啊)——若隐若现的; bloom不若隐若现了——————遍地开花的 gloom哥哥想找高高个子大大眼睛的妹妹找不到————郁闷 groom屋里等候的哥哥—————— 新郎
前面加b,含义不变, 前面加鬼,真恐怖, 前面加t才,修剪整齐。
Part 10 读音拼Pa音rt口1诀法
oil 油 toil/moil 辛苦(两个词含义一样) foil 锡纸、挫败 boil 沸腾,blood boil 热血沸腾 记忆方法:toil音似“淘油”,当然很辛苦了! foil即:f(非常)+oil,非常油,就要用锡纸擦,擦来擦去真麻烦, 干点活都能弄的满桌子是油,伤心了,挫败了。 所以记住一个口诀: toil and moil,(辛辛苦苦)
e.g. peer at sb. peeping Tom 偷窥狂 多像两个眼睛眯成一条缝
4、gaze(凝视)——gape(吃惊的看)
Part 9 字母读Pa音rt联1想法
1、i—爱—isolate——爱得如此晚(那么大了还没谈恋爱)——孤立。 2、T—他、w—我。French—法国、trench—壕沟 、wrench—扭伤。
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实验二
矩阵的基本运算(二)
一、实验目的

进一步熟悉MATLAB软件中关于矩阵的各种命令, 掌握利用MATLAB软件求矩阵的特征值,进行矩 阵的初等变换;讨论向量组的线性相关性等运算。
二、相关知识

在线性代数中,我们曾经学过求矩阵特征值;对矩 阵进行初等变换以达到一定的目的,还讨论过向量 组的线性相关性等问题。我们现在要利用 MATLAB软件的相关命令来完成这些运算。相关 的MATLAB的命令和功能列表如下:

文本文件的内容与在命令窗口中输入的相同。将文 本文件放在一个特定的位置(某一个文件夹中), 并将该位置加入到MATLAB的工作目录中,用 File->Setpath来完成,这在绪论中已有介绍。使用 时,先在命令窗口输入文件名,接着,就可以使用 该文件中的所有数据了。注意:多个矩阵可以存放 编辑器的使用方法是在MATLAB主菜单中选 File —>New —>M-File,就打开了一个编辑器的窗 口,如下图所示:

MATLAB可以做什么?
我们先来看一下MATLAB的强大功能 数值计算 函数定义 函数求值 线性代数 矩阵运算 特征向量 图形绘制 二维图形 三维图形 图像处理 图像增强 图像压缩 有详细的了解,清楚函数中参数的含义。 课程采用先将MATLAB软件做一个简单的介绍, 然后在每一个具体的实验中,介绍本实验涉及的具 体函数,因此,就完成单个实验来说非常简单,我 们通过逐个完成实验,逐步记忆函数的使用方法这 样一个循序渐进的过程来学习本课程。

序号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
功能 求矩阵A的转置 求矩阵A与矩阵B的和 求矩阵A减矩阵B 求数k乘以矩阵A 求矩阵A乘以矩阵B 求A的行列式 A的秩 A的逆 B左乘A的逆;或A右除B,即 B*inv(A) B右乘A的逆;或A左除B,即 inv(A)*B
MATLAB命令 A’ A+B A-B k*A A*B det(A) rank(A) inv(A) B/A A\B
当前流行的MATLAB 7.0/Simulink 7包括拥有数百 个内部函数的主程序和六十几种工具箱(Toolbox)。 工具箱又可以分为功能性工具箱和学科工具箱。功 能工具箱用来扩充MATLAB的符号计算,可视化 建模仿真,文字处理及实时控制等功能。学科工具 箱是专业性比较强的工具箱,控制工具箱,信号处 理工具箱,通信工具箱,图像处理工具箱等都属于 此类。 代码的开放性使MATLAB广受用户欢迎。除内部 函数外,所有MATLAB主程序文件和各种工具箱 都是可读可修改的文件,用户通过对源程序的修改 或加入自己编写程序可以构造新的专用论 信号处理

复变函数
微分方程
金融函数 样条函数
不动点计算 偏微分方程
三、MATLAB简介
MATLAB是一种功能非常强大的科学计算软件。 我们在本课程中将利用这个软件作为我们的实验平 台,因此,在正式使用它之前,我们对这个软件作 一个介绍,以便使用者对软件有一个整体的认识。 MATLAB源于Matrix Laboratory,原意为矩阵实 验室,经过近三十几年的发展,目前除具备卓越的 数值计算能力外,它还提供了专业水平的符号计算, 文字处理,可视化建模仿真和实时控制等功能。 MATLAB的基本数据单位是矩阵,它的指令表达 式与数学、工程中常用的形式十分相似,故用 MATLA B来解算问题要比用C,FORTRAN等语 言完成相同的任务简捷得多。
如果使用磁盘文件的方法,则需要建立一个以m为 后缀的文本文件,它可以用MATLAB提供的编辑 器编辑,也可以用任何一个能够编辑文本文件的编 辑器来编辑,但我们建议大家使用MATLAB提供 的编辑器来编辑,因为该编辑器不但提供了编辑环 境,同时还提供了MATLAB程序的调试环境。该 注意,逗号表示同行元素,也可用空格代替,分号 表示换行。
11
A的n次幂
A^n
12
13 14 15
A与B的对应元素相乘
选择A的第i行生成一个行向量 选择A的第j列生成一个列向量 选择A的某几行、某几列上 交叉元素生成A的子矩阵 生成n阶零矩阵 生成n阶单位阵 两个向量的内积
A.*B
ai=A(i,:) aj=A(:,j) A(起始行:步长:终行, 起始列:步长:终列), 步长为1时可以省略 zeros(n) eye(n) a1*a2’

当前流行的MATLAB 7.0/Simulink 7包括拥有数百 个内部函数的主程序和六十几种工具箱(Toolbox)。 工具箱又可以分为功能性工具箱和学科工具箱。功 能工具箱用来扩充MATLAB的符号计算,可视化 建模仿真,文字处理及实时控制等功能。学科工具 箱是专业性比较强的工具箱,控制工具箱,信号处 数值计算能力外,它还提供了专业水平的符号计算, 文字处理,可视化建模仿真和实时控制等功能。 MATLAB的基本数据单位是矩阵,它的指令表达 式与数学、工程中常用的形式十分相似,故用 MATLA B来解算问题要比用C,FORTRAN等语 言完成相同的任务简捷得多。
二、相关知识

为了进行矩阵的各种运算,首先要输入矩阵。在 MATLAB中,矩阵的输入方法主要有两种,一种 是在MATLAB的命令窗口中输入,这种方法适合 输入一些阶数较低的矩阵,而对于一些阶数较高的 矩阵,则最好采用建立磁盘文件的方法,这样便于 多次利用,也方便在需要的时候可以修改数据。在 在要利用MATLAB软件的相关命令来完成这些运 算。在MATLAB中,我们把向量看做1行n列(行 向量)或n行1列(列向量)的矩阵,这样就可以将 向量和矩阵放在一起讨论。

实验一
矩阵的基本运算(一)
一、实验目的

熟悉MATLAB软件中关于矩阵的基本命令,掌握 利用MATLAB软件进行向量、矩阵的输入,向量 与向量的运算,矩阵与矩阵的运算,矩阵与向量的 运算。
二、相关知识

在线性代数中,我们曾经学过关于向量与向量的运 算,主要包括向量与向量的加减法,数与向量的乘 法;我们还学习过矩阵与矩阵的运算,主要包括矩 阵的加减法,乘法,矩阵与向量的乘法,数与矩阵 的乘法;矩阵的转置;矩阵求逆;矩阵求特征值; 矩阵的初等变换;向量组的线性相关性等。我们现 在要利用MATLAB软件的相关命令来完成这些运 算。在MATLAB中,我们把向量看做1行n列(行 向量)或n行1列(列向量)的矩阵,这样就可以将 向量和矩阵放在一起讨论。
二、怎样做好数学实验
根据数学实验的内容和形式,要做好数学实验,首 先需要熟知实验内容的数学背景,熟悉实验所使用 的工具,勤于动手,多实践,多练习,就能够轻松 地完成数学实验。 所谓工具,指计算机软件,主要使用MATLAB, 所谓有详细的了解,是指对具体的MATLAB函数 有详细的了解,清楚函数中参数的含义。 课程采用先将MATLAB软件做一个简单的介绍, 然后在每一个具体的实验中,介绍本实验涉及的具 体函数,因此,就完成单个实验来说非常简单,我 们通过逐个完成实验,逐步记忆函数的使用方法这 样一个循序渐进的过程来学习本课程。

MATLAB可以做什么?
我们先来看一下MATLAB的强大功能 数值计算 函数定义 函数求值 线性代数 矩阵运算 特征向量 图形绘制 二维图形 三维图形 图像处理 图像增强 图像压缩 优化计算 线性规划 概率统计 复变函数 微分方程 更多工具箱 控制理论 金融函数 不动点计算 信号处理 样条函数 偏微分方程


这表示在命令窗口中输入矩阵,
1 2 3 A 4 5 6 7 8 9
命令窗口输入的方法为: >>A=[1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9];


这表示在命令窗口中输入矩阵,
1 2 3 A 4 5 6 7 8 9

注意,逗号表示同行元素,也可用空格代替,分号 表示换行。

三、MATLAB简介
MATLAB是一种功能非常强大的科学计算软件。 我们在本课程中将利用这个软件作为我们的实验平 台,因此,在正式使用它之前,我们对这个软件作 一个介绍,以便使用者对软件有一个整体的认识。 MATLAB源于Matrix Laboratory,原意为矩阵实 优化计算 线性规划
b 1 3 5 7 9 11

在磁盘上建立一个名为sy1sj.m的文件,将矩阵A、 B、b输入其中;
2.在1的基础上,在磁盘上建立文件sy1cx.m,完 成下列计算: 1)X11=A’,X12=A+B,X13=A-B,X14=AB; 2)X21=|A|,X22=|B|; 3)X31=R(A),X32=R(B); 4)X4=A-1; 5)作矩阵C,其元素为A的元素乘以每个元素的行 标再乘以每个元素的列标。 3.完成实验报告。
6 3 2 1 2 4 7 9 16 5 8 7 8 11 20 1 5 5 B 10 15 28 13 1 9 12 19 36 25 7 23 5 2 4 6 3 0
4 1 1 9 10 3 6 5 0 7 4 16 1 4 7 1 6 8 A 2 4 5 6 12 8 3 6 7 8 1 1 1 3 0 8 4 9
文本文件的内容与在命令窗口中输入的相同。将文 本文件放在一个特定的位置(某一个文件夹中), 并将该位置加入到MATLAB的工作目录中,用 File->Setpath来完成,这在绪论中已有介绍。使用 时,先在命令窗口输入文件名,接着,就可以使用 该文件中的所有数据了。注意:多个矩阵可以存放 在一个文件中。 关于一些常见的矩阵运算在MATLAB中的实现方 法,我们将MATLAB中关于矩阵的基本命令和功 能列表如下:
为了进行矩阵的各种运算,首先要输入矩阵。在 MATLAB中,矩阵的输入方法主要有两种,一种 是在MATLAB的命令窗口中输入,这种方法适合 输入一些阶数较低的矩阵,而对于一些阶数较高的 矩阵,则最好采用建立磁盘文件的方法,这样便于 多次利用,也方便在需要的时候可以修改数据。在 命令窗口输入的方法为: >>A=[1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9];
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