初二英语语法不定式详解及习题

初二英语语法：动词不定式详解及习题
一..不定式的构成：to+ 动词原形
二不定式的特征：不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词，形容词，和副词的特征，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语。

宾语补足语，定语，和状语。

现将用法归纳如下。

（一）、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。

常见的句式有：
(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.
(2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth
(4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式
注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is…to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.
It's for sb.和It's of sb.
1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

（二）、动词不定式作宾语
1. He wants to buy some vegetables.
2. Don't forget to bringyour homework with you when you come to school.
3. He found it very difficult ______.
常接不定式作宾语的动词;want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。

如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面
Sb + V + it （形式宾语）+ agj （形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无BE动词。

(三)、动词不定式作宾语补足语
Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food.
He found it very difficult to learn English well.
不定式可以用作宾语补足语。

后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow 等。

如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面
Sb + V + it （形式宾语）+ agj （形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无be动词。

(四)、动词不定式作状语
.She went to visit her teacher.
go，come，try，do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。

be +形容词+ to do sth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。

too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough (for sb) to do…＂(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。

so\such......... that........如此......以致......的用法及与其它句型的互换.
A.Sb\Sth +be\ V+ so + adj\adv (a\an+adj +n)+that + can't\couldn't.........
= Sb\Sth +be\ V+ too+adj\adv(for+Sb\Sth)+to+V ...... .....如此......以致....=太而.....不能.....
B、.so that to =in order to+V动词\that+从句......为了\以便于......
C、.Sb\Sth +be+ so + adj形容词＋a \an \+n \V +adv副词(so +little\many\much.... such +a\an+adj +n 名形容词+名词)+that + can\ould
=.Sb\Sth +be\ V+adj\adv +enough足够的+ to+V.....如此.....以致于.....=......足够.......干..........
如：他太年轻了而不能去上学。

A. He is too young to go to school.
B. He is so young that he can’t go to school
C．He is n’t old enough to go to school.
D. He is so a young boy that he can’t go to school
（五）、动词不定式作定语
Would you like something to drink?
不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要
的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。

(六)、动词不定式作表语（体现形容词的特性）
My dream is to be a teacher.
注意：不带to的动词不定式
在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。

2.在＂。

had better+V/not +V 最好干。

＂后面接不带to的不定式。

四。

动词不定式的否定形式
］动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.
五、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别
一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：＂stop to do sth＂意为＂停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事＂，＂stop doing sth＂意
为＂停止正在做的事＂：＂remember to do sth＂意为＂记住去做某事＂(事还未做)，＂remember doing sth＂意为＂记得做过某事＂(事已做)：＂go on to do sth＂意为＂接着做某事＂(做完一事，接着做另一事)，＂go on doing sth＂意为＂继续做某事＂(一事未做完接着往下做)：＂forget to do sth＂意为＂忘了做某事＂(事还未做)，＂forget doing sth＂意为＂忘了曾做过某事＂(事已做)。

六、另外注意1）、带双宾语的及物动词，如：give …Sth.. to Sb ,.send….. to .bring….. to take….. to teach….. to want….. to.. lend…. to…,show ....to ...etc to可以作介词用+ 人/物/地点,大部分带双宾语的动词是接to +Sb（间接宾语），而cook /buy read Sth for + Sb
初二英语语法之——动词不定式练习题
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean
B. cleaned
C. clean
D. cleans
2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn
B. learns
C. to learn
D. learning
3. It's very nice ______ you to get me two tickets ______the World Cup.
A. for，of
B. of，for
C. to，for
D. of，to
4. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buys
5. Don't forget _____ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring
B. bringing
C. to take
D. taking
6. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping
B. sleeps
C. slept
D. to fall asleep
7. Robert often asks us ____ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him
B. to help him with
C. to help with
D. helps him with
8. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook
B. cooks
C. to cook
D. cooked
9. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see
B. looks
C. saw
D. seeing
10. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______English well.
A. learn
B. learning
C. to learn
D. learns
11. I'm sorry ______ that.
A. hears
B. hearing
C. hear
D. to hear
12. I'm sorry ______ you.
A. trouble
B. to trouble
C. troubling
D. troubled
13. My mother was very glad ____ her old friend.
A. to meet
B. meet
C. met
D. meets
14. Would you like something ______?
A. drink
B. drinking
C. to drink
D. drinks
15. I have a lot of homework ______.
A. do
B. doing
C. did
D. to do
16. He is not an easy man ______.
A. get on
B. to get on
C. get on with
D. to get on with)
17. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter
B. enter
C. entering
D. entered
18. So much work usually makes them ___ very tired.
A. to feel
B. feels
C. feeling
D. feel
19. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.
A. not wake up him
B. not to wake up him
C. not wake him up
D. not to wake him up
20. I was made _____my homework in the afternoon.
A. do
B. doing
C. to do
D. did
21. Mr Black asked the man ______ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didn't jump D. not jump
22. The old man told the child ______ noisy.
A. not be
B. not to be
C. to not be
D. be not
23. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late.
A. have，not to be
B. have，not be
C. be，not to be
D. be，not be
24. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.
A. to have
B. having
C. have
D. has
25. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?
——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.
A. take
B. taking
C. to take
D. took
26. ——Let's have a rest, shall we?
——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.
A. write
B. to write
C. writing
D. and write
27. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.
A. flies
B. flying
C. flew
D. to fly
28. A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen
29.—— Would you like to go to the cinema with us?
——Yes, ______. What time are we going to meet?
A. I would
B. I would like
C. I like to
D. I'd like to
30. —Would you like to go for a picnic with us?
—What time are we going to meet?
A. No, I can't
B. Yes, I'm glad
C. Yes, I'd love to
D. I'd like。